JEF 10K 11.30.17 Combined Document
Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 

FORM 10-K
 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2017
Commission file number 1-14947
 
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
95-4719745
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York
10022
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 284-2550
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class:
 
Name of each exchange on which registered:
5.125% Senior Notes Due 2023
 
New York Stock Exchange
4.850% Senior Notes Due 2027

 
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Limited Liability Company Interests
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 232.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
 
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. $0 as of May 31, 2017.
The Registrant is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Leucadia National Corporation and meets the conditions set forth in General Instructions I(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-K and is therefore filing this Form 10-K with a reduced disclosure format as permitted by Instruction I(2).



Table of Contents

JEFFERIES GROUP LLC
INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
November 30, 2017
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 

1

Table of Contents

 
 
 
 
 
 

2

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART I
Item 1. Business
Introduction
Jefferies Group LLC is the largest independent U.S.-headquartered global full service, integrated securities and investment banking firm. Our largest subsidiary, Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), was founded in the U.S. in 1962 and our first international operating subsidiary, Jefferies International Limited (“Jefferies Europe”), was established in the U.K. in 1986. On March 1, 2013, we became an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of publicly traded Leucadia National Corporation (“Leucadia”) (referred to herein as the “Leucadia Transaction”). Richard Handler, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, is Leucadia’s Chief Executive Officer and Brian P. Friedman, our Chairman of the Executive Committee, is Leucadia’s President. Messrs. Handler and Friedman are also Leucadia Directors.
At November 30, 2017, we had 3,450 employees in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Our global headquarters and executive offices are located at 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022. We also have regional headquarters in London and Hong Kong. Our primary telephone number is 212-284-2550 and our Internet address is jefferies.com.
The following documents and reports are available on our public website:
Earnings Releases and Other Public Announcements
Annual and interim reports on Form 10-K;
Quarterly reports on Form 10-Q;
Current reports on Form 8-K;
Code of Ethics;
Reportable waivers, if any, from our Code of Ethics by our executive officers;
Board of Directors Corporate Governance Guidelines;
Charter of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors;
Charter of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors;
Charter of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors; and
Any amendments to the above-mentioned documents and reports.
We expect to use our website as a main form of communication of significant news. We encourage you to visit our website for additional information. In addition, you may also obtain a printed copy of any of the above documents or reports by sending a request to Investor Relations, Jefferies Group LLC, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022, by calling 221-284-2550 or by sending an email to info@jefferies.com.
Business Segments
We report our activities in two business segments: Capital Markets and Asset Management.
Capital Markets includes our investment banking, sales and trading and other related services. Investment banking provides capital markets and financial advisory services to our clients across most industry sectors in the Americas, Europe and Asia. Our sales and trading businesses include market-making, sales and financing across the spectrum of equities, fixed income and foreign exchange products. Related services include, among other things, prime brokerage, research and corporate lending.
Asset Management provides investment management services to investors in the U.S. and overseas.
Financial information regarding our reportable business segments for the years ended November 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is set forth in Note 18, Segment Reporting in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Part II, Item 8.
Our Businesses
Capital Markets
Our Capital Markets segment focuses on Equities, Fixed Income and Investment Banking. We primarily serve institutional investors, corporations and government entities.

3

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Equities
Equities Research, Sales and Trading
We provide our clients full-service equities research, sales and trading capabilities across global securities markets. We earn commissions or spread revenue by executing, settling and clearing transactions for clients across these markets in equity and equity-related products, including common stock, American depository receipts, global depository receipts, exchange-traded funds, exchange-traded and over-the-counter (“OTC”) equity derivatives, convertible and other equity-linked products and closed-end funds. Our equity research, sales and trading efforts are organized across three geographical regions: the Americas; Europe and the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); and Asia Pacific. Our clients are primarily institutional market participants such as mutual funds, hedge funds, investment advisors, pension and profit sharing plans and insurance companies. Through our global research team and sales force, we maintain relationships with our clients, distribute investment research and strategy, trading ideas, market information and analyses across a range of industries and receive and execute client orders. Our equity research covers over 2,000 companies around the world and a further more than 800 companies are covered by nine leading local firms in Asia Pacific with whom we maintain alliances.
Equity Finance
Our Equity Finance business provides financing, securities lending and other prime brokerage services. We offer prime brokerage services in the U.S. that provide hedge funds, money managers and registered investment advisors with execution, financing, clearing, reporting and administrative services. We finance our clients’ securities positions through margin loans that are collateralized by securities, cash or other acceptable liquid collateral. We earn an interest spread equal to the difference between the amount we pay for funds and the amount we receive from our clients. We also operate a matched book in equity and corporate bond securities, whereby we borrow and lend securities versus cash or liquid collateral and earn a net interest spread. We offer selected prime brokerage clients the option of custodying their assets at an unaffiliated U.S. broker-dealer that is a subsidiary of a bank holding company. Under this arrangement, we directly provide our clients with all customary prime brokerage services.
Wealth Management
We provide tailored wealth management services designed to meet the needs of high net worth individuals, their families and their businesses, private equity and venture funds and small institutions. Our advisors provide access to all of our institutional execution capabilities and deliver other financial services. Our open architecture platform affords clients access to products and services from both our firm and from a variety of other major financial services institutions.
Fixed Income
Fixed Income Sales and Trading
We provide our clients with sales and trading of investment grade corporate bonds, U.S. and European government and agency securities, municipal bonds, mortgage- and asset-backed securities, leveraged loans, consumer loans, high yield and distressed securities, emerging markets debt, interest rate derivative products, as well as foreign exchange trade execution and securitization capabilities. Jefferies is designated as a Primary Dealer by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Jefferies International Limited is designated in similar capacities for several countries in Europe. Additionally, through the use of repurchase agreements, we act as an intermediary between borrowers and lenders of short-term funds and obtain funding for various of our inventory positions. We trade and make markets globally in cleared and uncleared swaps and forwards referencing, among other things, interest rates, investment grade and non-investment grade corporate credits, credit indexes and asset-backed security indexes.
Our strategists and economists provide ongoing commentary and analysis of the global fixed income markets. In addition, our fixed income desk strategists provide ideas and analysis to clients across a variety of fixed income products.
Investment Banking
We provide our clients around the world with a full range of equity capital markets, debt capital markets and financial advisory services. Our services are enhanced by our deep industry expertise, our global distribution capabilities and our senior level commitment to our clients.
Approximately 800 investment banking professionals operate in the Americas, Europe and Asia, and are organized into industry, product and geographic coverage groups. Our industry coverage groups include: Consumer & Retail, Energy, Financial Institutions, Healthcare, Industrials, Real Estate, Gaming & Lodging, Technology, Media & Telecommunications, Financial Sponsors and Public Finance. Our product coverage groups include equity capital markets, debt capital markets, and advisory, which includes both mergers and acquisitions and restructuring and recapitalization expertise. Our geographic coverage groups include teams based in major cities in the United States, Toronto, London, Frankfurt, Paris, Milan, Amsterdam, Stockholm, Mumbai, Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, Zurich and Dubai.

4

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Equity Capital Markets
We provide a broad range of equity financing capabilities to companies and financial sponsors. These capabilities include private equity placements, initial public offerings, follow-on offerings, block trades and equity-linked convertible securities transactions.
Debt Capital Markets
We provide a wide range of debt and acquisition financing capabilities for companies, financial sponsors and government entities. We focus on structuring, underwriting and distributing public and private debt, including investment grade debt, high yield bonds, leveraged loans, municipal debt, mortgage and other asset-backed securities, and liability management solutions.
Advisory Services
We provide mergers and acquisition and restructuring and recapitalization services to companies, financial sponsors and government entities. In the mergers and acquisition area, we advise sellers and buyers on corporate sales and divestitures, acquisitions, mergers, tender offers, spinoffs, joint ventures, strategic alliances and takeover and proxy fight defense. In the restructuring and recapitalization area, we provide companies, bondholders and lenders a full range of restructuring advisory capabilities as well as expertise in the structuring, valuation and placement of securities issued in recapitalizations.
Asset Management
Through Jefferies Investment Advisers, LLC (“JIA”) and partnerships with Leucadia Asset Management LLC (“LAM”), we manage and provide services to a diverse group of alternative asset management platforms across a spectrum of investment strategies and asset classes. We are supporting and developing focused strategies managed by distinct management teams.  Products currently offered by JIA to pension funds, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds, and other institutional investors through these platforms include systematic quantitative and global equity event-driven strategies.
Leucadia has made investments in certain managed accounts and funds managed by these programs and, accordingly, a portion of the net results are allocated directly to Leucadia.
Competition
All aspects of our business are intensely competitive. We compete primarily with large global bank holding companies that engage in capital markets activities, but also with other broker-dealers, asset managers and investment banking firms. The large global bank holding companies have substantially greater capital and resources than we do. We believe that the principal factors affecting our competitive standing include the quality, experience and skills of our professionals, the depth of our relationships, the breadth of our service offerings, our ability to deliver consistently our integrated capabilities, and our culture, tenacity and commitment to serve our clients.
Regulation
Regulation in the United States. The financial services industry in which we operate is subject to extensive regulation. In the U.S., the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) is the federal agency responsible for the administration of federal securities laws, and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) is the federal agency responsible for the administration of laws relating to commodity interests (including futures and swaps). In addition, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and the National Futures Association (“NFA”) are self-regulatory organizations that are actively involved in the regulation of financial services businesses. The SEC, CFTC, FINRA and the NFA conduct periodic examinations of broker-dealers, investment advisers, futures commission merchants (“FCMs”) and swap dealers. The designated examining authority for Jefferies’ activities as a broker-dealer is FINRA, and the designated self-regulatory organization for Jefferies’ FCM activities is the NFA. Financial services businesses are also subject to regulation by state securities commissions and attorneys general in those states in which they do business.

5

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Broker-dealers are subject to SEC and FINRA regulations that cover all aspects of the securities business, including sales and trading methods, trade practices among broker-dealers, use and safekeeping of customers’ funds and securities, capital structure of securities firms, anti-money laundering efforts, recordkeeping and the conduct of directors, officers and employees. Registered advisors are subject to, among other requirements, SEC regulations concerning marketing, transactions with affiliates, disclosure to clients, and recordkeeping; and advisors that are also registered as commodity trading advisors or commodity pool operators are also subject to regulation by the CFTC and the NFA. FCMs, introducing brokers and swap dealers that engage in commodities, futures or swap transactions are subject to regulation by the CFTC and the NFA. Additional legislation, changes in rules promulgated by the SEC, CFTC, FINRA or NFA, or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws or rules may directly affect the operations and profitability of broker-dealers, investment advisers, FCMs and swap dealers. The SEC, CFTC, FINRA, NFA, state securities commissions and state attorneys general may conduct administrative proceedings or initiate civil litigation that can result in adverse consequences for Jefferies and its officers and employees (including, without limitation, injunctions, censures, fines, suspensions, membership expulsions, or revocations of licenses and registrations. In addition, broker-dealers, investment advisers, FCMs and swap dealers must also comply with the rules and regulation of clearing houses, exchanges and trading platforms of which they are a member.
Regulatory Capital Requirements. Several of our entities are subject to financial capital requirements that are set by regulation. Jefferies is a dually registered broker-dealer and FCM and is required to maintain net capital in excess of the greater of the SEC or CFTC minimum financial requirements. As a broker-dealer, Jefferies is subject to the SEC’s Uniform Net Capital Rule (the “Net Capital Rule”). Jefferies has elected to compute its minimum net capital requirement in accordance with the “Alternative Net Capital Requirement” as permitted by the Net Capital Rule, which provides that a broker-dealer shall not permit its net capital, as defined, to be less than the greater of 2% of its aggregate debit balances (primarily customer-related receivables) or $250,000 ($1.5 million for prime brokers). Compliance with the Net Capital Rule could limit Jefferies’ operations, such as underwriting and trading activities, that could require the use of significant amounts of capital, and may also restrict its ability to make loans, advances, dividends and other payments.
As a non-clearing FCM, Jefferies is required to maintain minimum adjusted net capital of $1.0 million.
Our subsidiaries that are provisionally registered swap dealers will become subject to capital requirements under the Dodd-Frank Act once the relevant rules become final. For additional information see Item 1A. Risk Factors - “Recent legislation and new and pending regulation may significantly affect our business.”
Jefferies Group LLC is not subject to any regulatory capital rules.
See Net Capital within Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Note 17, Net Capital Requirements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion of net capital calculations.
Regulation outside the United States. We are an active participant in the international capital markets and provide investment banking services internationally, primarily in Europe and Asia. As is true in the U.S., our international subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulations proposed, promulgated and enforced by, among other regulatory bodies, the European Commission and European Supervisory Authorities (including the European Banking Authority and European Securities and Market Authority), U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission, the Japan Financial Services Agency and the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Every country in which we do business imposes upon us laws, rules and regulations similar to those in the U.S., including with respect to some form of capital adequacy rules, customer protection rules, data protection regulations, anti-money laundering and anti-bribery rules, compliance with other applicable trading and investment banking regulations and similar regulatory reform. For additional information see Item 1A. Risk Factors - “Extensive international regulation of our business limits our activities, and, if we violate these regulations, we may be subject to significant penalties.”

Item 1A. Risk Factors
Factors Affecting Our Business
The following factors describe some of the assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors that could adversely affect our business or that could otherwise result in changes that differ materially from our expectations. In addition to the specific factors mentioned in this report, we may also be affected by other factors that affect businesses generally such as global or regional changes in economic, business or political conditions, acts of war, terrorism and natural disasters.

6

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Recent legislation and new and pending regulation may significantly affect our business.
In recent years, there has been significant legislation and increased regulation affecting the financial services industry. These legislative and regulatory initiatives affect not only us, but also our competitors and certain of our clients. These changes could have an effect on our revenue and profitability, limit our ability to pursue certain business opportunities, impact the value of assets that we hold, require us to change certain business practices, impose additional costs on us and otherwise adversely affect our business. Accordingly, we cannot provide assurance that legislation and regulation will not eventually have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Many of these new laws and rules are the result of commitments made since 2008 by leaders of the nations constituting the Group of Twenty, or G-20, to reduce the systemic risk arising from financial derivatives. Title VII of The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and the rules and regulations adopted and to be adopted by the SEC and CFTC introduce a comprehensive regulatory regime for swaps and security-based swaps and parties that deal in such swaps and security-based swaps. Two of our subsidiaries are provisionally registered as swap dealers with the CFTC and are members of the NFA. We may also register one or more additional subsidiaries as security-based swap dealers with the SEC in the future. Title VII and related impending regulations subject certain swaps and security-based swaps to clearing and exchange trading requirements and subject swap dealers and security-based swap dealers to significant new burdens. We have already incurred significant compliance and operational costs as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act, and when all the final rules contemplated by Title VII have been implemented, our swap dealer entities will also be subject to mandatory capital and margin requirements that will likely have an effect on our business. While there continues to be uncertainty about the full impact of these changes, we will continue to be subject to a more complex regulatory framework, and will incur costs to comply with new requirements as well as to monitor for compliance in the future.
The European Market Infrastructure Regulation (“EMIR”) relating to derivatives entered into force during August 2012 and, in common with the Dodd-Frank Act in the U.S., introduced certain requirements in respect of derivative contracts including: (i) the mandatory clearing of OTC derivative contracts declared subject to the clearing obligation; (ii) risk mitigation techniques in respect of uncleared OTC derivative contracts, including the mandatory margining of uncleared OTC derivative contracts; and (iii) reporting and record keeping requirements in respect of all derivative contracts. EMIR’s requirements primarily apply to “financial counterparties” such as European Union (“EU”) authorized investment firms, credit institutions, insurance companies, UCITs and alternative investment funds managed by EU authorized alternative investment fund managers, and “non-financial counterparties” (being an EU entity which is not a financial counterparty). EMIR also applies to non-EU regulated entities which transact derivatives with in-scope EU counterparties, if such non-EU regulated entities would be classified as financial counterparties or non-financial counterparties if they were established in the EU. As a result, members of our group who are EU-regulated entities or subsidiaries and, when transacting with in-scope EU counterparties, members of our group who are non-EU regulated entities or subsidiaries may be subject to additional obligations and/or costs that may not otherwise have applied.
During January 2018, the Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation and a revision of the Market in Financial Instruments Directive came into force (collectively referred to as “MiFID II”). MiFID II imposes certain restrictions as to the trading of shares and derivatives including new market structure-related, reporting, investor protection-related and organizational requirements, requirements on pre- and post-trade transparency, requirements to use certain venues when trading financial instruments (which includes certain derivative instruments), requirements affecting the way investment managers can obtain research, powers of regulators to impose position limits and provisions on regulatory sanctions. Subject to certain conditions and exceptions we may be unable to trade shares or derivatives with in-scope counterparties other than as provided by MiFID II. The EU is also currently considering or executing upon significant revisions to laws covering: resolution of banks, investment firms and market infrastructure; administration of financial benchmarks; credit rating activities; anti-money-laundering controls; data security and privacy; remuneration principles and proportionality; new amendments to capital and liquidity standards; disclosures under the Basel regime aiming to increase market transparency and consistency and corporate governance in financial firms.
In May 2018, the EU’s new General Data Protection Regulation will replace the existing EU Data Protection Directive, and it will have a significant impact on how businesses can collect and process the personal data of EU individuals, including the requirement for business to self-report personal data breaches to the relevant supervisory authority and, under certain circumstances, to the affected data subjects, and provide additional rights to individuals whose data is processed, including the “right to erasure” (also commonly known as the right to be forgotten) by having their records erased and the right to data portability. Penalties for non-compliance are also significantly higher, with the maximum fine being the higher of €20 million or 4% of global turnover for the preceding year. In addition, numerous proposals regarding privacy and data protection are pending before U.S. and non-U.S. legislative and regulatory bodies.
Negative effects could result from an expansive extraterritorial application of the Dodd-Frank Act and/or insufficient international coordination with respect to adoption of rules for derivatives and other financial reforms in other jurisdictions.
In addition, the scope, timing and final implementation of regulatory reform is uncertain and could negatively impact our business.


7

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Extensive regulation of our business limits our activities, and, if we violate these regulations, we may be subject to significant penalties.
The financial services industry is subject to extensive laws, rules and regulations in every country in which we operate. Firms that engage in securities and derivatives trading, wealth and asset management and investment banking must comply with the laws, rules and regulations imposed by national and state governments and regulatory and self-regulatory bodies with jurisdiction over such activities. Such laws, rules and regulations cover all aspects of the financial services business, including, but not limited to, sales and trading methods, trade practices, use and safekeeping of customers’ funds and securities, capital structure, anti-money laundering and anti-bribery and corruption efforts, recordkeeping and the conduct of directors, officers and employees.
Each of our regulators supervises our business activities to monitor compliance with such laws, rules and regulations in the relevant jurisdiction. In addition, if there are instances in which our regulators question our compliance with laws, rules, and regulations, they may investigate the facts and circumstances to determine whether we have complied. At any moment in time, we may be subject to one or more such investigation or similar reviews. At this time, all such investigations and similar reviews are insignificant in scope and immaterial to us. However, there can be no assurance that, in the future, the operations of our businesses will not violate such laws, rules, or regulations and such investigations and similar reviews will not result in adverse regulatory requirements, regulatory enforcement actions and/or fines.
Any violation of these laws, rules and regulations could subject us to one or more of the following events: civil and criminal liability; sanctions, which could include the revocation of our subsidiaries’ registrations as Registered Investment Advisors or broker-dealers; the revocation of the licenses of our financial advisors; censures; fines; or a temporary suspension or permanent bar from conducting business. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and prospects.  
Certain of our subsidiaries are subject to regulatory financial capital holding requirements, such as the Net Capital Rule, that could impact various capital allocation decisions or limit the operations of our broker-dealers. In particular, compliance with the Net Capital Rule may restrict our broker-dealers’ ability to engage in capital-intensive activities such as underwriting and trading, and may also limit their ability to make loans, advances, dividends and other payments.
Additional legislation, changes in rules, changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules, conflicts and inconsistencies among rules and regulations, or the entering into businesses that subject us to new rules and regulations may directly affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We continue to monitor the impact of new U.S. and international regulation on our businesses.
Changing financial, economic and political conditions could result in decreased revenues, losses or other adverse consequences.
As a global securities and investment banking firm, global or regional changes in the financial markets or economic and political conditions could adversely affect our business in many ways, including the following:
A market downturn could lead to a decline in the volume of transactions executed for customers and, therefore, to a decline in the revenues we receive from commissions and spreads.
Unfavorable conditions or changes in general political, economic or market conditions could reduce the number and size of transactions in which we provide underwriting, financial advisory and other services. Our investment banking revenues, in the form of financial advisory and sales and trading or placement fees, are directly related to the number and size of the transactions in which we participate and could therefore be adversely affected by unfavorable financial, economic or political conditions.
Adverse changes in the market could also lead to a reduction in revenues from asset management fees and investment income from managed funds and losses on our own capital invested in managed funds. Even in the absence of a market downturn, below-market investment performance by our funds and portfolio managers could reduce asset management revenues and assets under management and result in reputational damage that might make it more difficult to attract new investors.
Limitations on the availability of credit can affect our ability to borrow on a secured or unsecured basis, which may adversely affect our liquidity and results of operations. Global market and economic conditions have been particularly disrupted and volatile in the last several years and may be in the future. Our cost and availability of funding could be affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads.
New or increased taxes on compensation payments such as bonuses or on balance sheet items may adversely affect our profits.
Should one of our customers or competitors fail, our business prospects and revenue could be negatively impacted due to negative market sentiment causing customers to cease doing business with us and our lenders to cease loaning us money, which could adversely affect our business, funding and liquidity.

8

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

The United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union could adversely affect our business.
The referendum held in the U.K. on June 23, 2016 resulted in a determination that the U.K. should exit the EU. In March 2017, the U.K. government initiated the exit process under Article 50 of the Treaty of the EU, commencing a period of up to two years for the United Kingdom and the other EU member states to negotiate the terms of the withdrawal. The uncertainty surrounding the timing, terms and consequences of the U.K.’s exit could adversely impact customer and investor confidence, result in additional market volatility and adversely affect our businesses, including our revenues from trading and investment banking activities, particularly in Europe, and our results of operations and financial condition.
We operate substantial parts of our EU businesses from entities based in the U.K. Upon the U.K. leaving the EU, the regulatory and legal environment that would then exist, and to which our U.K. operations would then be subject, will depend on, in certain respects, the nature of the arrangements the U.K. agreed with the EU and other trading partners. It is highly likely that changes to our legal entity structure and operations in Europe will be required as a result of these arrangements, which might result in a less efficient operating model across our European legal entities. We are in the process of finalizing plans to ensure our continued ability to operate in the U.K. and the EU beyond the expected exit date.
Recent U.S. tax legislation may have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of us or our parent.
Recently enacted U.S. tax legislation has made significant changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, including the taxation of U.S. corporations, by, among other things, limiting interest deductions, reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate, disallowing certain deductions that had previously been allowed, altering the expensing of capital expenditures, adopting elements of a territorial tax system, assessing a repatriation tax or “toll-charge” on undistributed earnings and profits of U.S.-owned foreign corporations, and introducing certain anti-base erosion provisions. The legislation is highly complex and unclear in certain respects and will require interpretations and implementing regulations by the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities. Additionally, the legislation could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, any of which could lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the legislation. Thus, the impact of certain aspects of the legislation on us or our parent is currently unclear and could have an adverse impact on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of us or our parent.
Damage to our reputation could damage our business.
Maintaining our reputation is critical to our attracting and maintaining customers, investors and employees. If we fail to deal with, or appear to fail to deal with, various issues that may give rise to reputational risk, we could significantly harm our business prospects. These issues include, but are not limited to, any of the risks discussed in this Item 1A, appropriately dealing with potential conflicts of interest, legal and regulatory requirements, ethical issues, money-laundering, cybersecurity and privacy, record keeping, sales and trading practices, failure to sell securities we have underwritten at the anticipated price levels, and the proper identification of the legal, reputational, credit, liquidity and market risks inherent in our products. A failure to deliver appropriate standards of service and quality, or a failure or perceived failure to treat customers and clients fairly, can result in customer dissatisfaction, litigation and heightened regulatory scrutiny, all of which can lead to lost revenue, higher operating costs and harm to our reputation. Further, negative publicity regarding us, whether or not true, may also result in harm to our prospects. Our operations in the past have been impacted as some clients either ceased doing business or temporarily slowed down the level of business they do, thereby decreasing our revenue. There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully reverse the negative impact of allegations and rumors in the future and our potential failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and liquidity.
A credit-rating agency downgrade could significantly impact our business.
Maintaining an investment grade credit rating is important to our business and financial condition. If our credit ratings were downgraded, or if rating agencies indicate that a downgrade may occur, our business, financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected and perceptions of our financial strength could be damaged, which could adversely affect our client relationships. Additionally, we intend to access the capital markets and issue debt securities from time to time, and a decrease in our credit ratings or outlook could adversely affect our liquidity and competitive position, increase our borrowing costs, decrease demand for our debt securities and increase the expense and difficulty of financing our operations. In addition, in connection with certain over-the-counter derivative contract arrangements and certain other trading arrangements, we may be required to provide additional collateral to counterparties, exchanges and clearing organizations in the event of a credit rating downgrade. Such a downgrade could also negatively impact the prices of our debt securities. There can be no assurance that our credit ratings will not be downgraded.

9

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Our principal trading and investments expose us to risk of loss.
A considerable portion of our revenues is derived from trading in which we act as principal. We may incur trading losses relating to the purchase, sale or short sale of fixed income, high yield, international, convertible, and equity securities, loans and futures and commodities for our own account. In any period, we may experience losses on our inventory positions as a result of the level and volatility of equity, fixed income and commodity prices (including oil prices), lack of trading volume and illiquidity. From time to time, we may engage in a large block trade in a single security or maintain large position concentrations in a single security, securities of a single issuer, securities of issuers engaged in a specific industry, or securities from issuers located in a particular country or region. In general, because our inventory is marked to market on a daily basis, any adverse price movement in these securities could result in a reduction of our revenues and profits. In addition, we may engage in hedging transactions that if not successful, could result in losses.
We are exposed to market risk.
We are, directly and indirectly, affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk generally represents the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions. For example, changes in interest rates could adversely affect our net interest spread, the difference between the yield we earn on our assets and the interest rate we pay for sources of funding, which, in turn, impacts our net interest revenue and earnings. Changes in interest rates could affect the interest earned on assets differently than interest paid on liabilities. In our brokerage operations, a rising interest rate environment generally results in our earning a larger net interest spread. Conversely, in those operations, a falling interest rate environment generally results in our earning a smaller net interest spread. If we are unable to effectively manage our interest rate risk, changes in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.
Market risk is inherent in the financial instruments associated with our operations and activities, including trading account assets and liabilities, loans, securities, short-term borrowings, corporate debt, and derivatives. Market conditions that change from time to time, thereby exposing us to market risk, include fluctuations in interest rates, equity prices, relative exchange rates, and price deterioration or changes in value due to changes in market perception or actual credit quality of an issuer.
In addition, disruptions in the liquidity or transparency of the financial markets may result in our inability to sell, syndicate, or realize the value of security positions, thereby leading to increased concentrations. The inability to reduce our positions in specific securities may not only increase the market and credit risks associated with such positions, but also increase the level of risk-weighted assets on our balance sheet, thereby increasing capital requirements, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.
See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Risk Management within Part II, Item 7. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion.
We may incur losses if our risk management is not effective.
We seek to monitor and control our risk exposure. Our risk management processes and procedures are designed to limit our exposure to acceptable levels as we conduct our business. We apply a comprehensive framework of limits on a variety of key metrics to constrain the risk profile of our business activities. The size of the limit reflects our risk tolerance for a certain activity. Our framework includes inventory position and exposure limits on a gross and net basis, scenario analysis and stress tests, Value-at-Risk, sensitivities, exposure concentrations, aged inventory, amount of Level 3 assets, counterparty exposure, leverage, cash capital and performance analysis. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk Management within Part II. Item 7. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion. While we employ various risk monitoring and risk mitigation techniques, those techniques and the judgments that accompany their application, including risk tolerance determinations, cannot anticipate every economic and financial outcome or the specifics and timing of such outcomes. As a result, we may incur losses notwithstanding our risk management processes and procedures.
As a holding company, we are dependent for liquidity from payments from our subsidiaries, many of which are subject to restrictions.
As a holding company, we depend on dividends, distributions and other payments from our subsidiaries to fund payments on our obligations, including debt obligations. Many of our subsidiaries, including our broker-dealer subsidiaries, are subject to regulation that restrict dividend payments or reduce the availability of the flow of funds from those subsidiaries to us. In addition, our broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on their ability to lend or transact with affiliates and to minimum regulatory capital requirements.

10

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Increased competition may adversely affect our revenues and profitability.
All aspects of our business are intensely competitive. We compete directly with a number of bank holding companies and commercial banks, other broker-dealers, investment banking firms and other financial institutions. In addition to competition from firms currently in the securities business, there has been increasing competition from others offering financial services, including automated trading and other services based on technological innovations. We believe that the principal factors affecting competition involve market focus, reputation, the abilities of professional personnel, transaction execution abilities, relative prices of the products and services being offered, bundling of products and services and the quality of products and service. Increased competition or an adverse change in our competitive position could lead to a reduction of business and therefore a reduction of revenues and profits.
The ability to attract, develop and retain highly skilled and productive employees is critical to the success of our business.
Our ability to develop and retain our clients depends on the reputation, judgment, business generation capabilities and skills of our professionals. To compete effectively, we must attract, retain and motivate qualified professionals, including successful financial advisors, investment bankers, trading professionals, portfolio managers and other revenue producing or specialized personnel. Competitive pressures we experience with respect to employees could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
Turnover in the financial services industry is high. The cost of retaining skilled professionals in the financial services industry has escalated considerably. Financial industry employers are increasingly offering guaranteed contracts, upfront payments, and increased compensation. These can be important factors in a current employee’s decision to leave us as well as in a prospective employee’s decision to join us. As competition for skilled professionals in the industry remains intense, we may have to devote significant resources to attracting and retaining qualified personnel.
If we were to lose the services of certain of our professionals, we may not be able to retain valuable relationships and some of our clients could choose to use the services of a competitor instead of our services. If we are unable to retain our professionals or recruit additional professionals, our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. Further, new business initiatives and efforts to expand existing businesses frequently require that we incur compensation and benefits expense before generating additional revenues.
Moreover, companies in our industry whose employees accept positions with competitors often claim that those competitors have engaged in unfair hiring practices. We may be subject to such claims in the future as we seek to hire qualified personnel who have worked for our competitors. Some of these claims may result in material litigation. We could incur substantial costs in defending against these claims, regardless of their merits. Such claims could also discourage potential employees who work for our competitors from joining us.
Operational risks may disrupt our business, result in regulatory action against us or limit our growth.
Our businesses are highly dependent on our ability to process, on a daily basis, a large number of transactions across numerous and diverse markets in many currencies, and the transactions we process have become increasingly complex. If any of our financial, accounting or other data processing systems do not operate properly or are disabled or if there are other shortcomings or failures in our internal processes, people or systems, we could suffer an impairment to our liquidity, financial loss, a disruption of our businesses, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. These systems may fail to operate properly or become disabled as a result of events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, including a disruption of electrical or communications services or our inability to occupy one or more of our buildings. The inability of our systems to accommodate an increasing volume of transactions could also constrain our ability to expand our businesses.
Certain of our financial and other data processing systems rely on access to and the functionality of operating systems maintained by third parties. If the accounting, trading or other data processing systems on which we are dependent are unable to meet increasingly demanding standards for processing and security or, if they fail or have other significant shortcomings, we could be adversely affected. Such consequences may include our inability to effect transactions and manage our exposure to risk.
In addition, despite the contingency plans we have in place, our ability to conduct business may be adversely impacted by a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our businesses and the communities in which they are located. This may include a disruption involving electrical, communications, transportation or other services used by us or third parties with which we conduct business.





11

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Our information and technology systems are critical components of our business and operations, and a failure of those systems or other aspects of our operations infrastructure may disrupt our business, cause financial loss, increase our legal liability and constrain our growth.
Our business and operations rely extensively on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks. Although we take protective measures and devote significant resources to maintaining and upgrading our systems and networks with measures such as intrusion and detection prevention systems, monitoring firewalls to safeguard critical business applications and supervising third party providers that have access to our systems, our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have a security impact. Additionally, if a client’s computer system, network or other technology is compromised by unauthorized access, we may face losses or other adverse consequences by unknowingly entering into unauthorized transactions. If one or more of such events occur, this potentially could jeopardize our or our clients’ or counterparties’ confidential and other information processed and stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and networks. Furthermore, such events may cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our clients’, our counterparties’ or third parties’ operations, including the transmission and execution of unauthorized transactions. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not covered or not fully covered through any insurance maintained by us. The increased use of smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices as well as cloud computing may also heighten these and other operational risks. Similar to other firms, we and our third party providers continue to be the subject of attempted unauthorized access, computer viruses and malware, and cyber attacks designed to disrupt or degrade service or cause other damage and denial of service. Additional challenges are posed by external parties, including foreign state actors. There can be no assurance that such unauthorized access or cyber incidents will not occur in the future or could occur more frequently and on a larger scale.
We are also subject to laws and regulations relating to the privacy of the information of clients, employees or others. Any failure to comply with these regulations could expose us to liability and/or reputational damage. In addition, our businesses are increasingly subject to laws and regulations relating to surveillance, encryption and data on-shoring in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Compliance with these laws and regulations may require us to change our policies, procedures and technology for information security, which could, among other things, make us more vulnerable to cyber attacks and misappropriation, corruption or loss of information or technology.
Our business is subject to significant credit risk.
In the normal course of our businesses, we are involved in the execution, settlement and financing of various customer and principal securities and derivative transactions. These activities are transacted on a cash, margin or delivery-versus-payment basis and are subject to the risk of counterparty or customer nonperformance. Even when transactions are collateralized by the underlying security or other securities, we still face the risks associated with changes in the market value of the collateral through settlement date or during the time when margin is extended and collateral has not been secured or the counterparty defaults before collateral or margin can be adjusted. We may also incur credit risk in our derivative transactions to the extent such transactions result in uncollateralized credit exposure to our counterparties.
We seek to control the risk associated with these transactions by establishing and monitoring credit limits and by monitoring collateral and transaction levels daily. We may require counterparties to deposit additional collateral or return collateral pledged. In certain circumstances, we may, under industry regulations, purchase the underlying securities in the market and seek reimbursement for any losses from the counterparty. However, there can be no assurances that our risk controls will be successful.
We face numerous risks and uncertainties as we expand our business.
We expect the growth of our business to come primarily from internal expansion and through acquisitions and strategic partnering. As we expand our business, there can be no assurance that our financial controls, the level and knowledge of our personnel, our operational abilities, our legal and compliance controls and our other corporate support systems will be adequate to manage our business and our growth. The ineffectiveness of any of these controls or systems could adversely affect our business and prospects. In addition, as we acquire new businesses and introduce new products, we face numerous risks and uncertainties integrating their controls and systems into ours, including financial controls, accounting and data processing systems, management controls and other operations. A failure to integrate these systems and controls, and even an inefficient integration of these systems and controls, could adversely affect our business and prospects.
Certain business initiatives, including expansions of existing businesses, may bring us into contact directly or indirectly, with individuals and entities that are not within our traditional client and counterparty base and may expose us to new asset classes and new markets. These business activities expose us to new and enhanced risks, greater regulatory scrutiny of these activities, increased credit-related, sovereign and operational risks and reputational concerns regarding the manner in which we conduct our business activities and the manner in which these assets are being operated or held.

12

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Legal liability may harm our business.
Many aspects of our business involve substantial risks of liability, and in the normal course of business, we have been named as a defendant or codefendant in lawsuits involving primarily claims for damages. The risks associated with potential legal liabilities often may be difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude often remain unknown for substantial periods of time. The expansion of our business, including increases in the number and size of investment banking transactions and our expansion into new areas impose greater risks of liability. In addition, unauthorized or illegal acts of our employees could result in substantial liability to us. Substantial legal liability could have a material adverse financial effect or cause us significant reputational harm, which in turn could seriously harm our business and our prospects.
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires the use of estimates that may vary from actual results.
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates and assumptions may require management to make difficult, subjective, and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain.
Our financial instruments, including certain trading assets and liabilities, available-for-sale securities, investments, including certain loans and private equity investments, among other items, require management to make a determination of their fair value in order to prepare our consolidated financial statements. Where quoted market prices are not available, we may make fair value determinations based on internally developed models or other means, which ultimately rely to some degree on our judgment. Some of these instruments and other assets and liabilities may have no direct observable inputs, making their valuation particularly subjective, being based on significant estimation and judgment. In addition, sudden illiquidity in markets or declines in prices of certain securities may make it more difficult to value certain items, which may lead to the possibility that such valuations will be subject to further change or adjustment and could lead to declines in our earnings in subsequent periods.

Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

Item 2. Properties
We maintain offices in over 30 cities throughout the world. Our principal offices include our global headquarters in New York City, our European headquarters in London and our Asia headquarters in Hong Kong. In addition, we maintain backup data center facilities with redundant technologies for each of our three main data center hubs in Jersey City, London and Hong Kong. We lease all of our office space, or contract via service arrangement, which management believes is adequate for our business.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Many aspects of our business involve substantial risks of legal and regulatory liability. In the normal course of business, we have been named as defendants or co-defendants in lawsuits involving primarily claims for damages. We are also involved in a number of regulatory matters, including exams, investigations and similar reviews, arising out of the conduct of our business. Based on currently available information, we do not believe that any pending matter will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

13

Table of Contents

PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Omitted pursuant to general instruction I(2)(a) to Form 10-K.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This report contains or incorporates by reference “forward looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward looking statements include statements about our future and statements that are not historical facts. These forward looking statements are usually preceded by the words “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” or similar expressions. Forward looking statements may contain expectations regarding revenues, earnings, operations and other results, and may include statements of future performance, plans and objectives. Forward looking statements also include statements pertaining to our strategies for future development of our business and products. Forward looking statements represent only our belief regarding future events, many of which by their nature are inherently uncertain. It is possible that the actual results may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results indicated in these forward-looking statements. Information regarding important factors that could cause actual results to differ, perhaps materially, from those in our forward looking statements is contained in this report and other documents we file. You should read and interpret any forward looking statement together with these documents, including the following:
the description of our business contained in this report under the caption “Business”;
the risk factors contained in this report under the caption “Risk Factors”;
the discussion of our analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in this report under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” herein;
the discussion of our risk management policies, procedures and methodologies contained in this report under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Risk Management” herein;
the notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report; and
cautionary statements we make in our public documents, reports and announcements.
Any forward looking statement speaks only as of the date on which that statement is made. We will not update any forward looking statement to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which the statement is made, except as required by applicable law.
The Company’s results of operations for the 12 months ended November 30, 2017 (“2017”), November 30, 2016 (“2016”) and November 30, 2015 (“2015”) are discussed below.


14

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table provides an overview of our consolidated results of operations (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
% Change from
Prior Year
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2017
 
2016
Net revenues
$
3,198,109

 
$
2,414,614

 
$
2,475,241

 
32.4
 %
 
(2.4
)%
Non-interest expenses
2,693,185

 
2,384,642

 
2,361,014

 
12.9
 %
 
1.0
 %
Earnings before income taxes
504,924

 
29,972

 
114,227

 
1,584.7
 %
 
(73.8
)%
Income tax expense
147,340

 
14,566

 
18,898

 
911.5
 %
 
(22.9
)%
Net earnings
357,584

 
15,406

 
95,329

 
2,221.1
 %
 
(83.8
)%
Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
86

 
(28
)
 
1,795

 
N/M

 
N/M

Net earnings attributable to Jefferies Group LLC
357,498

 
15,434

 
93,534

 
2,216.3
 %
 
(83.5
)%
Effective tax rate
29.2
%
 
48.6
%
 
16.5
%
 
(39.9
)%
 
194.5
 %
N/M — Not Meaningful
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted. The Tax Act is one of the most comprehensive changes in the U.S. corporate income tax since 1986 and certain provisions are highly complex in their application. The Tax Act revises the U.S. Corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, adopting a territorial income tax system, and imposing a toll charge on the unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries. We are currently evaluating the impact that the Tax Act will have on both our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Earnings. At this time, based on information currently available, we anticipate taking a charge of approximately $170 million in the first quarter of 2018. Approximately two-thirds of this estimated charge relates to the non-cash write down of our deferred tax asset. This reflects the impact of a lower federal tax rate of 21% on the future deductibility of our deferred tax items. The remaining balance relates to a toll charge on the deemed repatriation of unremitted foreign earnings.
The ultimate impact of the Tax Act may differ from this estimate, possibly materially, due to changes in interpretations and assumptions, and guidance that may be issued and actions we may take in response to the Tax Act. We note that the Tax Act is highly complex and we continue to assess the impact that various provisions will have on our business.

Executive Summary
2017 Compared with 2016
Consolidated Results
Net revenues for 2017 were an annual record of $3,198.1 million, compared with $2,414.6 million for 2016, an increase of $783.5 million, or 32.4%.
The results for 2017 were due to record investment banking revenues and record equities net revenues, partially offset by lower fixed income net revenues.
Throughout 2017, we continued to maintain strong leverage ratios and liquidity and a strong capital base.
Business Results
Record investment banking revenues for 2017 reflect record debt capital markets revenues, record advisory revenues and significantly higher equity capital markets revenues, as a result of higher transaction volumes and values throughout 2017, driven in part by our effort to continue to expand our investment banking team through promotions and new hires.
The increase in equities net revenues was primarily attributable to a net gain of $117.3 million recognized during 2017 from our investment in two equity positions, including KCG Holdings, Inc. (“KCG”), compared with a net loss of $17.9 million in 2016 from these two positions. KCG was sold in full on July 20, 2017. Our equities net revenues also include a net gain in 2017 of $90.8 million from our joint venture investment in Jefferies Finance, LLC (“Jefferies Finance”), compared with a net loss of $9.3 million in 2016.
The decrease in fixed income net revenues is primarily due to lower volumes and volatility, which negatively impacted our client flow oriented fixed income businesses in the last nine months of 2017.

15

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Net revenues for 2017 includes investment losses from managed funds of $4.0 million, compared with investment income from managed funds of $4.7 million in 2016.
Expenses
Non-interest expenses for 2017 increased $308.5 million, or 12.9%, to $2,693.2 million, compared with $2,384.6 million for 2016, reflecting primarily an increase in Compensation and benefits expense, and a smaller increase in Non-compensation expenses.
Compensation and benefits expense for 2017 was $1,829.1 million, an increase of $260.1 million, or 16.6%, from 2016, as a result of significantly higher net revenues. Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of Net revenues was 57.2% for 2017, compared with 65.0% in 2016. The unusually high compensation ratio in 2016 was due to the significantly lower net revenue results in 2016 and the relationship of non-discretionary compensation to the net revenue decline. The lower ratio in 2017 demonstrates the operating leverage inherent in our business model.
Non-compensation expenses for 2017 were $864.1 million, an increase of $48.4 million, or 5.9%, from 2016. The increase was consistent with the increased activity associated with higher net revenues, as well as increased spending on technology. At the same time, non-compensation expenses as a percentage of Net revenues declined from 33.8% to 27.0%, again demonstrating strategically the operating leverage inherent in our business.
Headcount
At November 30, 2017, we had 3,450 employees globally, an increase of 121 employees from our headcount of 3,329 at November 30, 2016. Our headcount increased, primarily as a result of a 60 person increase in our investment banking headcount consistent with our strategic plan to drive growth in this effort, as well as increases in other core businesses and corporate services due to business growth.
2016 Compared with 2015
Consolidated Results
Net revenues for 2016 were $2,414.6 million, compared with $2,475.2 million for 2015, a decrease of $60.6 million, or 2.4%.
The results for 2016 were impacted by an extremely volatile bear market environment during the first three months of the year, with meaningful improvement over the rest of the year. Net revenues for the first quarter of 2016 declined $292.7 million, or 49.5%, compared to the first quarter of 2015.
Throughout 2016, we maintained strong leverage ratios and liquidity and a strong capital base.
Business Results
The decrease in total net revenues for 2016, as compared to 2015, primarily reflects a 17% decline in investment banking net revenues, and lower results in non-core equities net revenues, partially offset by meaningfully increased net revenues in fixed income.
Lower investment banking results are attributable to lower new issue equity and leveraged finance capital markets revenues, partially offset by higher advisory revenues. Our investment banking results benefited from a record quarter of advisory fees in the fourth quarter of 2016, as well as improvement in our capital markets activity, which began in the late summer of 2016, leading to an increase in new issue transaction volume.
The increase in fixed income revenues was across most products, as a result of new hires, a reduction in our downside risk profile since mid-2015 and improved market conditions in 2016. 2015 was adversely impacted by lower levels of liquidity and deterioration in the global energy and distressed markets.
The decline in equities net revenues was primarily attributable to a net loss of $17.9 million recognized during 2016 from our investment in two equity positions, including KCG, compared with a net gain $49.1 million in 2015 from these two positions. The decline in results was also due to net mark-to-market gains from certain equity inventory positions during 2015, which were not repeated during 2016. Equities revenues also include a net loss of $9.3 million from our share of our Jefferies Finance joint venture in 2016, compared with net revenues of $41.4 million in 2015.
Net revenues for 2016 included investment income from managed funds of $4.7 million compared with investment losses from managed funds of $23.8 million in 2015, primarily due to lower valuations in the energy and shipping sectors in 2015.

16

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Expenses
Non-interest expenses for 2016 increased $23.6 million, or 1.0%, to $2,384.6 million, compared with $2,361.0 million for 2015, reflecting an increase in Compensation and benefits expense, partially offset by a decrease in Non-compensation expenses.
Compensation and benefits expense for 2016 was $1,568.9 million, an increase of $101.8 million, or 6.9%, from 2015. Compensation and benefits expenses as a percentage of Net revenues was 65.0% for 2016, compared with 59.3% in 2015. The increase in the compensation ratio for 2016 as compared to 2015 is primarily due to the composition of revenue by business line in the first quarter of 2016.
Non-compensation expenses for 2016 were $815.7 million, a decrease of $78.2 million, or 8.7%, from 2015. The decrease in 2016 was due to our exiting the Bache business, which in 2015 generated $127.2 million of non-compensation expenses. There were no meaningful non-compensation expenses related to the Bache business in 2016. This reduction was partially offset by higher technology and professional fees related to investments in our trading platforms.
Jefferies Bache
On April 9, 2015, we entered into an agreement to transfer certain of the client activities of our Jefferies Bache business to Société Générale S.A. During the second quarter of 2016, we completed the exit of this business.
Net revenues globally from this business activity, which are included in our fixed income results, and expenses directly related to the Bache business, which are included in non-interest expenses, were $80.2 million and $214.8 million, respectively, for 2015. There were no meaningful revenues or expenses from this business for 2016.
For further information, refer to Note 20, Exit Costs, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Headcount
At November 30, 2016, we had 3,329 employees globally, a decrease of 228 employees from our headcount of 3,557 at November 30, 2015. Our headcount decreased, primarily as a result of exiting the Bache business, as well as continued discipline in headcount, productivity management and corporate services outsourcing.

Revenues by Source
For presentation purposes, the remainder of “Results of Operations” is presented on a detailed product and expense basis, rather than on a business segment basis. Net revenues presented for our equities and fixed income businesses include allocations of interest income and interest expense as we assess the profitability of these businesses inclusive of the net interest revenue or expense associated with the respective activities, which is a function of the mix of each business’s associated assets and liabilities and the related funding costs.

17

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

The composition of our net revenues has varied over time as financial markets and the scope of our operations have changed. The composition of net revenues can also vary from period to period due to fluctuations in economic and market conditions, and our own performance. The following provides a summary of “Revenues by Source” (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
% Change from
Prior Year
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
Amount
 
% of Net Revenues
 
Amount
 
% of Net Revenues
 
Amount
 
% of Net Revenues
 
2017
 
2016
Equities
$
799,451

 
25.0
 %
 
$
549,553

 
22.8
%
 
$
757,447

 
30.7
 %
 
45.5
 %
 
(27.4
)%
Fixed income
617,910

 
19.3

 
640,026

 
26.5

 
270,772

 
10.9

 
(3.5
)%
 
136.4
 %
Total sales and trading
1,417,361

 
44.3

 
1,189,579

 
49.3

 
1,028,219

 
41.6

 
19.1
 %
 
15.7
 %
Equity
344,973

 
10.8

 
235,207

 
9.7

 
408,474

 
16.5

 
46.7
 %
 
(42.4
)%
Debt
649,220

 
20.3

 
304,576

 
12.6

 
398,179

 
16.1

 
113.2
 %
 
(23.5
)%
Capital markets
994,193

 
31.1

 
539,783

 
22.3

 
806,653

 
32.6

 
84.2
 %
 
(33.1
)%
Advisory
770,092

 
24.1

 
654,190

 
27.1

 
632,354

 
25.5

 
17.7
 %
 
3.5
 %
Total investment banking
1,764,285

 
55.2

 
1,193,973

 
49.4

 
1,439,007

 
58.1

 
47.8
 %
 
(17.0
)%
Asset management fees and investment income (loss) from managed funds:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset management fees
20,490

 
0.6

 
26,412

 
1.1

 
31,819

 
1.3

 
(22.4
)%
 
(17.0
)%
Investment income (loss) from managed funds
(4,027
)
 
(0.1
)
 
4,650

 
0.2

 
(23,804
)
 
(1.0
)
 
186.6
 %
 
119.5
 %
Total
16,463

 
0.5

 
31,062

 
1.3

 
8,015

 
0.3

 
(47.0
)%
 
287.5
 %
Net revenues
$
3,198,109

 
100.0
 %
 
$
2,414,614

 
100.0
%
 
$
2,475,241

 
100.0
 %
 
32.4
 %
 
(2.4
)%
The following table sets forth our total sales and trading net revenues (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
% Change from
Prior Year
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2017
 
2016
Commissions and other fees
$
593,257

 
$
611,574

 
$
659,002

 
(3.0
)%
 
(7.2
)%
Principal transactions
800,660

 
519,652

 
172,608

 
54.1
 %
 
201.1
 %
Other
98,316

 
19,724

 
74,074

 
398.5
 %
 
(73.4
)%
Net interest
(74,872
)
 
38,629

 
122,535

 
N/M

 
(68.5
)%
Total sales and trading net revenues
$
1,417,361

 
$
1,189,579

 
$
1,028,219

 
19.1
 %
 
15.7
 %
N/M — Not Meaningful
Equities Net Revenue
Equities net revenues include equity commissions, equity security principal trading and investments (including our investment in KCG and, from time to time, other blocks of equity securities) and net interest revenue generated by our equities sales and trading, prime services and wealth management businesses relating to the following products:
cash equities,
electronic trading,
equity derivatives,
convertible securities,
prime brokerage,
securities finance and
alternative investment strategies.
KCG was sold on July 20, 2017. We recognized a $93.4 million gain from our holdings of KCG in 2017 and an aggregate of $347.7 million in gain over the five year life of this investment.

18

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Equities net revenue also includes our share of the net earnings from our joint venture investments in Jefferies Finance and Jefferies LoanCore, LLC (“Jefferies LoanCore”), which are accounted for under the equity method. On October 31, 2017, we sold all of our membership interests in Jefferies LoanCore for approximately $173.1 million, the estimated book value at October 31, 2017. In addition, we may be entitled to additional cash consideration over the next five years in the event Jefferies LoanCore’s yearly return on equity exceeds certain thresholds.
2017 Compared with 2016
Total equities net revenues were an annual record of $799.5 million for 2017, an increase of $249.9 million, compared with $549.6 million for 2016.
Results during 2017 include a net gain of $117.3 million from our investment in two equity positions, including KCG, compared with a net loss in 2016 of $17.9 million from these two positions.
Equities net revenues increased with higher revenues in our electronic trading, prime services, and Asia Pacific cash equities businesses primarily due to increased customer activity and increased trading volumes. The increase was partially offset by lower revenues in our equity options and Europe cash equities businesses, primarily due to reduced market making activities and lower equity volatility. In addition, 2016 included certain strategic investment gains from exposures to energy, volatility, financial and currency markets.
Equities commission revenues declined in our equity derivative and U.S. cash equities businesses due to reduced trading volumes and lower levels of volatility, partially offset by higher revenues in our electronic trading and Asia Pacific cash equities businesses due to increased trading volumes.
Equities net revenues during 2017 also include a net gain in 2017 of $90.8 million from our share of Jefferies Finance, primarily due to an increase in loan syndication activity, compared with net loss of $9.3 million in 2016, primarily due to the mark down of certain loans held for sale. Net revenues from our share of Jefferies LoanCore increased slightly during 2017 as compared to 2016 due to an increase in loan closings and syndications. On October 31, 2017, we sold all of our membership interests in Jefferies LoanCore for approximately $173.1 million, the estimated book value at October 31, 2017.
2016 Compared with 2015
Total equities net revenues were $549.6 million for 2016, a decrease of $207.9 million compared with $757.4 million for 2015.
Results during 2016 include a net loss of $17.9 million from our investment in two equity positions, including KCG, compared with a net gain of $49.1 million in 2015 from these two positions. In addition, equities net revenues for 2015 included significant gains on additional securities positions, which were not repeated during 2016.
Equities commission revenues gained slightly with improved market share across various product and client segments. Commissions in our U.S. cash equities and equity derivatives businesses held firm, while global electronic trading commissions gained from increased volumes and client market share. In our global electronic trading business, we have market leading customized algorithms in over 40 countries. European equities commissions increased due to improved market share, while commissions in our Asia Pacific cash equities business declined because of a challenging market environment. Our global cash businesses were among the highest market share gainers compared with our peers and, in the U.S. and U.K., our platform remains in the top 10.
Equities trading revenues were solid across most of our equities sales and trading businesses in 2016. Trading revenues from client market making improved in our U.S. and European cash equities businesses. Equity derivatives trading revenues declined due to a difficult volatility trading climate and convertibles trading revenues declined driven by weakness in the energy sector during 2016. In addition, certain strategic investments gained from exposures to energy, volatility, financial and currency markets.
Equities net revenues during 2016 included a net loss of $9.3 million from our share of Jefferies Finance, primarily due to the mark down of certain loans held for sale during the first part of 2016, compared with net revenues of $41.4 million in 2015. Net revenues from our share of Jefferies LoanCore also decreased during 2016 as compared to 2015 due to a decrease in loan closings and syndications.
Fixed Income Net Revenues
Fixed income net revenues includes commissions, principal transactions and net interest revenue generated by our fixed income sales and trading businesses from the following products:
investment grade corporate bonds,

19

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

mortgage- and asset-backed securities,
government and agency securities,
high yield and distressed securities,
bank loans,
municipal bonds,
emerging markets debt,
foreign exchange and
interest rate derivatives.
2017 Compared with 2016
Fixed income net revenues totaled $617.9 million for 2017, a decrease of $22.1 million compared with net revenues of $640.0 million in 2016.
We recorded modestly lower revenues in 2017 as compared with 2016, primarily due to a more challenging trading environment across most products, including most credit and rates businesses. In 2017, volatility was dampened as quantitative easing continued across most markets we transact in. This was partially offset by better risk management, addition of staff in certain businesses, and refreshed strategies in some businesses. The following highlights the main components of the results:
Net revenues in our leveraged credit business in 2017 were higher due to increased trading activities in high yield and distressed products as a result of additions to staff and repositioned risk. This was compared to relatively significant mark-to-market losses recognized in the early part of 2016.
Higher revenues in our European credit and international securitized markets group businesses were due to repositioned strategies taking advantage of trading opportunities in certain industry sectors. This is compared to volatile oil prices and uncertainty as to bank liquidity in 2016, which negatively impacted revenues in this business in the prior year.
Our municipal securities business performed extremely well for the greater part of the year, driven by increased client activity as new team members were added and market share expanded. Performance for the municipal securities business was partially dampened at the end of the 2017 fiscal year as the municipal bond market dislocated over concerns around the potential impacts of pending U.S. tax reform on both municipal bond issuers and investors.
Revenues in our corporates and emerging markets business declined in a maturing credit cycle as volatility and transaction spreads decreased from prior year levels, while demand for new issuances and higher yielding investments and higher levels of volatility were prevalent in 2016.
Lower revenues in our global rates and U.S. securitized markets group business were due to lower levels of volatility resulting in lower transaction based revenues. In the U.S. securitized markets businesses this was partially offset by increased activity in origination businesses including collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”).
2016 Compared with 2015
Fixed income net revenues were $640.0 million for 2016, an increase of $369.3 million, compared with net revenues of $270.8 million in 2015.
2015 included $80.2 million of net revenues globally from the Bache business activity. There were no meaningful revenues from the Bache business during 2016, as we completed the exit of the Bache business during the second quarter of 2016. Excluding revenues from the Bache business activity, revenues increased $449.5 million, or 235.8%.
We recorded higher revenues in 2016 as compared with 2015 due to improved trading conditions across most core businesses, partially offset by lower revenues in our international rates business due to lower trading volumes. The following highlights the main components of the increase in the results:
Revenues in our leveraged credit business were strong on increased trading volumes within high yield and distressed products, as a result of an improved credit environment, as well as strategic growth in the business, compared with mark-to-market write-downs in 2015.

20

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Results in our emerging markets business during 2016 were higher due to an upgraded sales and trading team and increased levels of volatility and improved market conditions.
Revenues from our corporates businesses increased as compared to 2015 due to increased client activity and higher demand for new issuances and higher yielding investments.
Our securitized markets businesses were positively impacted by increased demand for spread products, compared with the negative impact of market volatility as credit spreads tightened for these asset classes and expectations of future rate increases in 2015.
The municipal securities business performed well during 2016, as improved trading activity was driven by market technicals, compared with net outflows in 2015.
Volatility during 2016 due to fluctuating expectations as to future Federal Reserve interest rate increases contributed to increased revenues in our U.S. rates business.
Investment Banking Revenue
Investment banking revenues include the following:
Capital markets revenues include underwriting and placement revenues related to corporate debt, municipal bonds, mortgage- and asset-backed securities and equity and equity-linked securities.
Advisory revenues consist primarily of advisory and transaction fees generated in connection with merger, acquisition and restructuring transactions.
The following table sets forth our investment banking revenue (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
% Change from
Prior Year
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2017
 
2016
Equity
$
344,973

 
$
235,207

 
$
408,474

 
46.7
%
 
(42.4
)%
Debt
649,220

 
304,576

 
398,179

 
113.2
%
 
(23.5
)%
Capital markets
994,193

 
539,783

 
806,653

 
84.2
%
 
(33.1
)%
Advisory
770,092

 
654,190

 
632,354

 
17.7
%
 
3.5
 %
Total
$
1,764,285

 
$
1,193,973

 
$
1,439,007

 
47.8
%
 
(17.0
)%
The following table sets forth our Investment banking activities (dollars in billions):
 
Deals Completed
 
Aggregate Value
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Public and private debt financings
1,121

 
892

 
1,003

 
$
292.1

 
$
188.6

 
$
199.8

Public and private equity and convertible offerings (1)
173

 
129

 
203

 
59.7

 
24.4

 
56.6

Advisory transactions (2)
181

 
179

 
171

 
180.6

 
135.2

 
141.1

(1)
We acted as sole or joint bookrunner on 164, 125 and 183 offerings during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(2)
The number of advisory deals completed includes 10, 18 and 13 restructuring and recapitalization transactions during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
2017 Compared with 2016
Total investment banking revenues were a record of $1,764.3 million for 2017, 47.8% higher than 2016. This increase was due to strong performance across our debt capital markets, equity capital markets and advisory businesses, supported by a strong overall capital raising and merger and acquisition environment. In 2016, new issue equity and leveraged finance capital markets were virtually closed throughout January and February and remained slow throughout 2016.
Capital markets revenues in 2017 increased 84.2% from 2016. Advisory revenues for 2017 increased 17.7% compared to 2016.
From equity and debt capital raising activities, we generated $345.0 million and $649.2 million in revenues, respectively, in 2017, compared with $235.2 million and $304.6 million in revenues, respectively, in 2016.

21

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

2016 Compared with 2015
Total investment banking revenues were $1,194.0 million for 2016, 17% lower than 2015. Lower investment banking results were attributable to lower new issue equity and leveraged finance capital markets revenues. This was primarily as a result of the capital markets slowdown, which began in the second half of 2015 and continued for much of 2016. We generated $235.2 million and $304.6 million in equity and debt capital market revenues, respectively, for 2016, a decrease of 42.4% and 23.5%, respectively, from 2015.
Our reduced capital markets activity for 2016 was partially offset by record advisory revenues. Specifically, our advisory revenues for 2016 increased 3.5% compared to 2015, primarily through an increase in the number of M&A and restructuring transactions, including closing a record number of M&A transactions in excess of $1 billion.
Our investment banking results benefited both from a record fourth quarter of advisory fees in 2016, with our M&A and restructuring and recapitalization businesses showing continued momentum, and from improvement in capital markets activity, which began in the late summer of 2016, leading to an increase in new issue transaction volume.
Asset Management Fees and Investment Income (Loss) from Managed Funds
Asset management revenue includes the following:
management and performance fees from funds and accounts managed by us,
management and performance fees from related party managed funds and
accounts and investment income (loss) from our investments in these funds, accounts and related party managed funds.
The key components of asset management revenues are the level of assets under management and the performance return, whether on an absolute basis or relative to a benchmark or hurdle. These components can be affected by financial markets, profits and losses in the applicable investment portfolios and client capital activity. Further, asset management fees vary with the nature of investment management services. The terms under which clients may terminate our investment management authority, and the requisite notice period for such termination, varies depending on the nature of the investment vehicle and the liquidity of the portfolio assets.
The following summarizes the results of our Asset Management businesses by asset class (in thousands):
 
 
 
% Change from
Prior Year
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2017
 
2016
Asset management fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed income (1)
$
1,267

 
$
2,482

 
$
4,090

 
(49.0
)%
 
(39.3
)%
Equities
2,718

 
1,757

 
4,875

 
54.7
 %
 
(64.0
)%
Multi-asset
16,505

 
22,173

 
20,173

 
(25.6
)%
 
9.9
 %
Convertibles (2)

 

 
2,681

 
N/M

 
(100.0
)%
Total asset management fees
20,490

 
26,412

 
31,819

 
(22.4
)%
 
(17.0
)%
Investment income (loss) from managed funds (3)
(4,027
)
 
4,650

 
(23,804
)
 
N/M

 
N/M

Total
$
16,463

 
$
31,062

 
$
8,015

 
(47.0
)%
 
287.5
 %
N/M — Not Meaningful
(1)
Fixed income asset management fees represented ongoing consideration we received from the sale in 2010 of contracts to manage certain CLOs. As sale consideration, we were entitled to a portion of the asset management fees earned under the contracts for their remaining lives. These CLOs were liquidated as of May 31, 2017.
(2)
During the fourth quarter of 2014, as part of a strategic review of our business, we decided to liquidate our International Asset Management business, which provided long only investment solutions in global convertible bonds to institutional investors. Asset management fees from this business comprise our convertibles asset strategy in the table above.
(3)
Investment income (loss) from managed funds primarily is comprised of net unrealized markups (markdowns) in private equity funds managed by related parties.

22

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Assets under Management
Period end assets under management by predominant asset class were as follows (in millions):
 
November 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Assets under management (1):
 
 
 
Equities
$
218

 
$
170

Multi-asset
1,271

 
884

Total
$
1,489

 
$
1,054

(1)
Assets under management include assets actively managed by us, including hedge funds and certain managed accounts. Assets under management do not include the assets of funds that are consolidated due to the level or nature of our investment in such funds.

Non-interest Expenses
Non-interest expenses were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
% Change from
Prior Year
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2017
 
2016
Compensation and benefits
$
1,829,096

 
$
1,568,948

 
$
1,467,131

 
16.6
%
 
6.9
 %
Non-compensation expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Floor brokerage and clearing fees
179,478

 
167,205

 
199,780

 
7.3
%
 
(16.3
)%
Technology and communications
279,242

 
262,396

 
313,044

 
6.4
%
 
(16.2
)%
Occupancy and equipment rental
102,904

 
101,133

 
101,138

 
1.8
%
 
 %
Business development
99,884

 
93,105

 
105,963

 
7.3
%
 
(12.1
)%
Professional services
114,711

 
112,562

 
103,972

 
1.9
%
 
8.3
 %
Other
87,870

 
79,293

 
69,986

 
10.8
%
 
13.3
 %
Total non-compensation expenses
864,089

 
815,694

 
893,883

 
5.9
%
 
(8.7
)%
Total non-interest expenses
$
2,693,185

 
$
2,384,642

 
$
2,361,014

 
12.9
%
 
1.0
 %
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefits expense consists of salaries, benefits, cash bonuses, commissions, annual cash compensation awards and the amortization of certain non-annual share-based and cash compensation awards to employees.
Cash and historical share-based awards and a portion of cash awards granted to employees as part of year end compensation generally contain provisions such that employees who terminate their employment or are terminated without cause may continue to vest in their awards, so long as those awards are not forfeited as a result of other forfeiture provisions (primarily non-compete clauses) of those awards. Accordingly, the compensation expense for a portion of awards granted at year end as part of annual compensation is recorded in the year of the award.
Included in Compensation and benefits expense are share-based amortization expense for senior executive awards granted in September 2012, February 2016 and January 2017, non-annual share-based and cash-based awards to other employees and certain year end awards that contain future service requirements for vesting, all of which are being amortized over their respective future service periods. In addition, the senior executive awards contain market and performance conditions.
Refer to Note 14, Compensation Plans included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further details on compensation and benefits.
2017 Compared with 2016
Compensation and benefits expense was $1,829.1 million for 2017 compared with $1,568.9 million for 2016.
Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of Net revenues was 57.2% for 2017 and 65.0% for 2016. The unusually high compensation ratio in 2016 was due to the significantly lower revenue results in 2016 and the relationship of non-discretionary compensation to the net revenue decline.

23

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Compensation expense related to the amortization of share- and cash-based awards amounted to $278.2 million for 2017 compared with $287.2 million for 2016.
Employee headcount was 3,450 globally at November 30, 2017, an increase of 121 employees from our headcount of 3,329 at November 30, 2016. Our headcount increased, primarily as a result of a 60 person increase in our investment banking headcount consistent with our strategic plan to drive growth in this effort, as well as increases in other core businesses and corporate services due to business growth.
2016 Compared with 2015
Compensation and benefits expense was $1,568.9 million for 2016 compared with $1,467.1 million for 2015.
Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of Net revenues was 65.0% for 2016 and 59.3% for 2015. The increase in the compensation ratio for 2016 as compared to 2015 is due to the composition of revenue by business line in the first quarter of 2016.
Compensation expense related to the amortization of share- and cash-based awards amounted to $287.2 million for 2016 compared with $307.1 million for 2015.
Compensation and benefits expense directly related to the activities of our Bache business was $87.7 million for 2015 and not meaningful for 2016. Included in Compensation and benefits expense for the Bache business for 2015 are severance, retention and related benefits costs of $38.2 million incurred as part of decisions surrounding the exit of this business.
Employee headcount was 3,329 globally at November 30, 2016, a decrease of 228 employees from our headcount of 3,557 at November 30, 2015. Our headcount has decreased, primarily as a result of exiting the Bache business, as well as continued discipline in headcount, productivity management and corporate services outsourcing.
Non-Compensation Expenses
2017 Compared with 2016
Non-compensation expenses were $864.1 million for 2017, an increase of $48.4 million, or 5.9%, compared with $815.7 million for 2016.
Non-compensation expenses as a percentage of Net revenues was 27.0% and 33.8% for 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The increase was consistent with the increased activity associated with higher net revenues, as well as increased spending on technology. At the same time, non-compensation expenses as a percentage of Net revenues declined from 33.8% to 27.0% again demonstrating strategically the operating leverage inherent in our business.
The increase in non-compensation expenses was primarily due to an increase in Floor brokerage and clearing expenses due to the mix of costs across certain equities and fixed income businesses, Technology and communications expenses due to costs associated with the development of the various trading systems and projects associated with corporate support and core business infrastructures, and an increase in certain Other expenses.
2016 Compared with 2015
Non-compensation expenses were $815.7 million for 2016, a decrease of $78.2 million, or 8.7%, compared with $893.9 million for 2015.
Non-compensation expenses as a percentage of Net revenues was 33.8% and 36.1% for 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Non-compensation expenses for 2016 were $815.7 million, a decrease of $78.2 million, or 8.7%, from 2015. The decrease in 2016 was due to our exiting the Bache business, which in 2015 generated $127.2 million of non-compensation expenses, including accelerated amortization expense of $19.7 million related to capitalized software, $11.2 million in contract termination costs and professional services costs of approximately $2.5 million in connection with our actions related to exiting the Bache business. There were no meaningful non-compensation expenses related to the Bache business in 2016. This reduction in 2016 was partially offset by higher Technology and communications expenses, excluding the Bache business, and higher Professional services expenses, excluding the Bache business. Technology and communications expenses, excluding the Bache business, increased due to higher costs associated with the development of the various trading systems and projects associated with corporate support infrastructure. In both years, we continued to incur legal and consulting fees as part of implementing various regulatory requirements, which are recognized in Professional services expenses. During 2015, we also released $4.4 million in reserves related to the resolution of bankruptcy claims against Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc., which is presented in Bad debt expenses.

24

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Income Taxes
2017 Compared with 2016
For 2017, the provision for income taxes was $147.3 million, an effective tax rate of 29.2%, compared with a provision for income taxes of $14.6 million, an effective tax rate of 48.6%, for 2016.
The change in the effective tax rate for 2017 as compared with 2016 is primarily a result of expenses included in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings in excess of tax deductions related to share-based compensation, which substantially increased our effective tax rate for 2016 given our modest 2016 earnings. The reduced effective tax rate in 2017 is primarily due to the repatriation of earnings from certain foreign subsidiaries during the year, along with their associated foreign tax credits, which reduced the 2017 effective income tax rate, but had no effect on the 2016 rate. 
2016 Compared with 2015
For 2016, the provision for income taxes was $14.6 million, an effective tax rate of 48.6%, compared with a provision for income taxes of $18.9 million, an effective tax rate of 16.5%, for 2015.
The change in the effective tax rate during 2016 as compared with 2015 was primarily attributable to expenses included in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings in excess of tax deductions related to share-based compensation.

Accounting Developments
For a discussion of recently issued accounting developments and their impact on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 3, Accounting Developments, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and related notes. Actual results can and may differ from estimates. These differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.
We believe our application of U.S. GAAP and the associated estimates are reasonable. Our accounting estimates are reevaluated, and adjustments are made when facts and circumstances dictate a change. Historically, we have found our application of accounting policies to be appropriate, and actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.
We believe our critical accounting policies (policies that are both material to the financial condition and results of operations and require our most subjective or complex judgments) are our valuation of certain financial instruments and assessment of goodwill.
For further discussion of the following significant accounting policies and other significant accounting policies, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Valuation of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased are recorded at fair value. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (the exit price). Unrealized gains or losses are generally recognized in Principal transaction revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
For information on the composition of our financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, not yet purchased recorded at fair value, see Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

25

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Fair Value Hierarchy – In determining fair value, we maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect our assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. We apply a hierarchy to categorize our fair value measurements broken down into three levels based on the transparency of inputs, where Level 1 uses observable prices in active markets and Level 3 uses valuation techniques that incorporate significant unobservable inputs. Greater use of management judgment is required in determining fair value when inputs are less observable or unobservable in the marketplace, such as when the volume or level of trading activity for a financial instrument has decreased and when certain factors suggest that observed transactions may not be reflective of orderly market transactions. Judgment must be applied in determining the appropriateness of available prices, particularly in assessing whether available data reflects current prices and/or reflects the results of recent market transactions. Prices or quotes are weighed when estimating fair value with greater reliability placed on information from transactions that are considered to be representative of orderly market transactions.
Fair value is a market based measure; therefore, when market observable inputs are not available, our judgment is applied to reflect those judgments that a market participant would use in valuing the same asset or liability. The availability of observable inputs can vary for different products. We use prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date even in periods of market disruption or illiquidity. The valuation of financial instruments classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy involves the greatest extent of management judgment. (See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on the definitions of fair value, Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 and related valuation techniques.)
Level 3 Assets and Liabilities – For information on the composition and activity of our Level 3 assets and Level 3 liabilities, see Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Controls Over the Valuation Process for Financial Instruments – Our Independent Price Verification Group, independent of the trading function, plays an important role in determining that our financial instruments are appropriately valued and that fair value measurements are reliable. This is particularly important where prices or valuations that require inputs are less observable. In the event that observable inputs are not available, the control processes are designed to assure that the valuation approach utilized is appropriate and consistently applied and that the assumptions are reasonable. Where a pricing model is used to determine fair value, these control processes include reviews of the pricing model’s theoretical soundness and appropriateness by risk management personnel with relevant expertise who are independent from the trading desks. In addition, recently executed comparable transactions and other observable market data are considered for purposes of validating assumptions underlying the model.
Goodwill
At November 30, 2017, goodwill recorded in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition is $1,647.1 million (4.1% of total assets). The nature and accounting for goodwill is discussed in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 10, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Goodwill must be allocated to reporting units and tested for impairment at least annually, or when circumstances or events make it more likely than not that an impairment occurred. Goodwill is tested by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. Our annual goodwill impairment testing date is August 1, which did not indicate any goodwill impairment in any of our reporting units at August 1, 2017.
We use allocated tangible equity plus allocated goodwill and intangible assets for the carrying amount of each reporting unit. The amount of tangible equity allocated to a reporting unit is based on our cash capital model deployed in managing our businesses, which seeks to approximate the capital a business would require if it were operating independently. For further information on our Cash Capital Policy, refer to the Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources section herein. Intangible assets are allocated to a reporting unit based on either specifically identifying a particular intangible asset as pertaining to a reporting unit or, if shared among reporting units, based on an assessment of the reporting unit’s benefit from the intangible asset in order to generate results.
Estimating the fair value of a reporting unit requires management judgment and often involves the use of estimates and assumptions that could have a significant effect on whether or not an impairment charge is recorded and the magnitude of such a charge. Estimated fair values for our reporting units utilize market valuation methods that incorporate price-to-earnings and price-to-book multiples of comparable public companies. Under the market approach, the key assumptions are the selected multiples and our internally developed forecasts of future profitability, growth and return on equity for each reporting unit. The weight assigned to the multiples requires judgment in qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating the size, profitability and the nature of the business activities of the reporting units as compared to the comparable publicly-traded companies. In addition, as the fair values determined under the market approach represent a noncontrolling interest, we apply a control premium to arrive at the estimate fair value of each reporting unit on a controlling basis.

26

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

The carrying values of goodwill by reporting unit at November 30, 2017 are as follows: $565.4 million in Investment Banking, $160.6 million in Equities and Wealth Management, $918.1 million in Fixed Income and $3.0 million in Strategic Investments.
The results of our assessment on August 1, 2017 indicated that all our reporting units had a fair value in excess of their carrying amounts based on current projections. The valuation methodology for our reporting units are sensitive to management’s forecasts of future profitability, which comes with a level of uncertainty regarding trading volumes and capital market transaction levels. Reductions in trading volumes and/or declines from our expected level of performance in certain product areas assumed in our forecasts could cause a decline in the estimated fair value of our Equities reporting unit and a resulting impairment of a portion of our goodwill.
Refer to Note 10, Goodwill and Intangible Assets in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further details on goodwill.



27

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources
Our Chief Financial Officer and Global Treasurer are responsible for developing and implementing our liquidity, funding and capital management strategies. These policies are determined by the nature and needs of our day to day business operations, business opportunities, regulatory obligations, and liquidity requirements.
Our actual levels of capital, total assets and financial leverage are a function of a number of factors, including asset composition, business initiatives and opportunities, regulatory requirements and cost and availability of both long term and short term funding. We have historically maintained a balance sheet consisting of a large portion of our total assets in cash and liquid marketable securities, arising principally from traditional securities brokerage and trading activity. The liquid nature of these assets provides us with flexibility in financing and managing our business.
Our Balance Sheet
A business unit level balance sheet and cash capital analysis is prepared and reviewed with senior management on a weekly basis. As a part of this balance sheet review process, capital is allocated to all assets and gross balance sheet limits are adjusted, as necessary. This process ensures that the allocation of capital and costs of capital are incorporated into business decisions. The goals of this process are to protect the firm’s platform, enable our businesses to remain competitive, maintain the ability to manage capital proactively and hold businesses accountable for both balance sheet and capital usage.
We actively monitor and evaluate our financial condition and the composition of our assets and liabilities. We continually monitor our overall securities inventory, including the inventory turnover rate, which confirms the liquidity of our overall assets. Substantially all of our Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased are valued on a daily basis and we monitor and employ balance sheet limits for our various businesses. In connection with our government and agency fixed income business and our role as a primary dealer in these markets, a sizable portion of our securities inventory is comprised of U.S. government and agency securities and other G-7 government securities.
The following table provides detail on key balance sheet asset and liability line items (dollars in millions):
 
November 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Total assets
$
39,705.7

 
$
36,941.3

 
7.5
 %
Cash and cash equivalents
5,164.5

 
3,529.1

 
46.3
 %
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations
578.0

 
857.3

 
(32.6
)%
Financial instruments owned
13,998.1

 
13,809.5

 
1.4
 %
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased
8,171.9

 
8,359.2

 
(2.2
)%
Total Level 3 assets
327.7

 
413.3

 
(20.7
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities borrowed
$
7,721.8

 
$
7,743.6

 
(0.3
)%
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
3,689.6

 
3,862.5

 
(4.5
)%
Total securities borrowed and securities purchased under agreements to resell
$
11,411.4

 
$
11,606.1

 
(1.7
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities loaned
$
2,843.9

 
$
2,819.1

 
0.9
 %
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
8,660.5

 
6,791.7

 
27.5
 %
Total securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
$
11,504.4

 
$
9,610.8

 
19.7
 %
Total assets at November 30, 2017 and 2016 were $39.7 billion and $36.9 billion, respectively, an increase of 7.5%. During 2017, average total assets were approximately 14.9% higher than total assets at November 30, 2017.
Our total Financial instruments owned inventory at November 30, 2017 was $14.0 billion, an increase of 1.4% from inventory of $13.8 billion at November 30, 2016, primarily due to increases in mortgage- and asset-backed securities and corporate debt securities, partially offset by decreases in government, federal agency and other sovereign obligations and derivative contracts inventory. Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased inventory was $8.2 billion and $8.4 billion at November 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, with the decrease primarily driven by decreases in sovereign obligations and derivative contracts inventory, partially offset by increases in government, federal agency and other sovereign obligations. Our overall net inventory position was $5.8 billion and $5.5 billion at November 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our Level 3 financial instruments owned as a percentage of total financial instruments owned declined to 2.3% at November 30, 2017 from 3.0% at November 30, 2016.

28

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Securities financing assets and liabilities include financing for our financial instruments trading activity, matched book transactions and mortgage finance transactions. Matched book transactions accommodate customers, as well as obtain securities for the settlement and financing of inventory positions. The aggregate outstanding balance of our securities borrowed and securities purchased under agreements to resell decreased by 1.7% from November 30, 2016 to November 30, 2017, due to an increase in the netting benefit for our collateralized financing transactions, partially offset by an increase in in our matched book activity and an increase in our firm financing of our short inventory. The outstanding balance of our securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase increased by 19.7% from November 30, 2016 to November 30, 2017 due to an increase in firm financing of our short inventory and an increase an increase in our matched book activity, partially offset by an increase in the netting benefit for our collateralized financing transactions. Our average month end balances of total reverse repos and stock borrows during 2017 were 36.0% higher than the November 30, 2017 balances. Our average month end balances of total repos and stock loans during 2017 were 24.2% higher than the November 30, 2017 balances.
The following table presents our period end balance, average balance and maximum balance at any month end within the periods presented for Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (dollars in millions):
 
Year Ended
 
2017
 
2016
Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell:
 
 
 
Period end
$
3,690

 
$
3,862

Month end average
6,195

 
5,265

Maximum month end
7,814

 
7,001

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase:
 
 
 
Period end
$
8,661

 
$
6,792

Month end average
11,273

 
11,410

Maximum month end
13,679

 
16,620

Fluctuations in the balance of our repurchase agreements from period to period and intraperiod are dependent on business activity in those periods. Additionally, the fluctuations in the balances of our securities purchased under agreements to resell over the periods presented are influenced in any given period by our clients’ balances and our clients’ desires to execute collateralized financing arrangements via the repurchase market or via other financing products. Average balances and period end balances will fluctuate based on market and liquidity conditions and we consider the fluctuations intraperiod to be typical for the repurchase market.
Leverage Ratios
The following table presents total assets, total equity, total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity and tangible Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity with the resulting leverage ratios (dollars in thousands):
 
 
November 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Total assets
$
39,705,691

 
$
36,941,276

 
 
 
 
Total equity
$
5,759,559

 
$
5,370,597

 
 
 
 
Total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity
$
5,758,822

 
$
5,369,946

Deduct:
Goodwill and intangible assets
(1,842,882
)
 
(1,847,124
)
Tangible Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity
$
3,915,940

 
$
3,522,822

 
 
 
 
Leverage ratio (1)
6.9

 
6.9

Tangible gross leverage ratio (2)
9.7

 
10.0

(1)
Leverage ratio equals total assets divided by total equity.
(2)
Tangible gross leverage ratio (a non-GAAP financial measure) equals total assets less goodwill and identifiable intangible assets divided by tangible Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity. The tangible gross leverage ratio is used by rating agencies in assessing our leverage ratio.


29

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Liquidity Management
The key objectives of the liquidity management framework are to support the successful execution of our business strategies while ensuring sufficient liquidity through the business cycle and during periods of financial distress. Our liquidity management policies are designed to mitigate the potential risk that we may be unable to access adequate financing to service our financial obligations without material franchise or business impact.
The principal elements of our liquidity management framework are our Contingency Funding Plan, our Cash Capital Policy and our assessment of Maximum Liquidity Outflow.
Contingency Funding Plan. Our Contingency Funding Plan is based on a model of a potential liquidity contraction over a one year time period. This incorporates potential cash outflows during a liquidity stress event, including, but not limited to, the following:
Repayment of all unsecured debt maturing within one year and no incremental unsecured debt issuance;
Maturity rolloff of outstanding letters of credit with no further issuance and replacement with cash collateral;
Higher margin requirements than currently exist on assets on securities financing activity, including repurchase agreements;
Liquidity outflows related to possible credit downgrade;
Lower availability of secured funding;
Client cash withdrawals;
The anticipated funding of outstanding investment and loan commitments; and
Certain accrued expenses and other liabilities and fixed costs.
Cash Capital Policy. We maintain a cash capital model that measures long-term funding sources against requirements. Sources of cash capital include our equity and the noncurrent portion of long-term borrowings. Uses of cash capital include the following:
Illiquid assets such as equipment, goodwill, net intangible assets, exchange memberships, deferred tax assets and certain investments;
A portion of securities inventory that is not expected to be financed on a secured basis in a credit stressed environment (i.e., margin requirements); and
Drawdowns of unfunded commitments.
To ensure that we do not need to liquidate inventory in the event of a funding crisis, we seek to maintain surplus cash capital, which is reflected in the leverage ratios we maintain. Our total long-term capital of $11.2 billion at November 30, 2017 exceeded our cash capital requirements.
Maximum Liquidity Outflow. Our businesses are diverse, and our liquidity needs are determined by many factors, including market movements, collateral requirements and client commitments, all of which can change dramatically in a difficult funding environment. During a liquidity crisis, credit-sensitive funding, including unsecured debt and some types of secured financing agreements, may be unavailable, and the terms (e.g., interest rates, collateral provisions and tenor) or availability of other types of secured financing may change. As a result of our policy to ensure we have sufficient funds to cover what we estimate may be needed in a liquidity crisis, we hold more cash and unencumbered securities and have greater long-term debt balances than our businesses would otherwise require. As part of this estimation process, we calculate a Maximum Liquidity Outflow that could be experienced in a liquidity crisis. Maximum Liquidity Outflow is based on a scenario that includes both a market-wide stress and firm-specific stress, characterized by some or all of the following elements:
Global recession, default by a medium-sized sovereign, low consumer and corporate confidence, and general financial instability.
Severely challenged market environment with material declines in equity markets and widening of credit spreads.
Damaging follow-on impacts to financial institutions leading to the failure of a large bank.
A firm-specific crisis potentially triggered by material losses, reputational damage, litigation, executive departure, and/or a ratings downgrade.
The following are the critical modeling parameters of the Maximum Liquidity Outflow:
Liquidity needs over a 30-day scenario.
A two-notch downgrade of our long-term senior unsecured credit ratings.

30

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

No support from government funding facilities.
A combination of contractual outflows, such as upcoming maturities of unsecured debt, and contingent outflows (e.g., actions though not contractually required, we may deem necessary in a crisis). We assume that most contingent outflows will occur within the initial days and weeks of a crisis.
No diversification benefit across liquidity risks. We assume that liquidity risks are additive.
The calculation of our Maximum Liquidity Outflow under the above stresses and modeling parameters considers the following potential contractual and contingent cash and collateral outflows:
All upcoming maturities of unsecured long-term debt, commercial paper, promissory notes and other unsecured funding products assuming we will be unable to issue new unsecured debt or rollover any maturing debt.
Repurchases of our outstanding long-term debt in the ordinary course of business as a market maker.
A portion of upcoming contractual maturities of secured funding trades due to either the inability to refinance or the ability to refinance only at wider haircuts (i.e., on terms which require us to post additional collateral). Our assumptions reflect, among other factors, the quality of the underlying collateral and counterparty concentration.
Collateral postings to counterparties due to adverse changes in the value of our over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives and other outflows due to trade terminations, collateral substitutions, collateral disputes, collateral calls or termination payments required by a two-notch downgrade in our credit ratings.
Variation margin postings required due to adverse changes in the value of our outstanding exchange-traded derivatives and any increase in initial margin and guarantee fund requirements by derivative clearing houses.
Liquidity outflows associated with our prime services business, including withdrawals of customer credit balances, and a reduction in customer short positions.
Liquidity outflows to clearing banks to ensure timely settlements of cash and securities transactions.
Draws on our unfunded commitments considering, among other things, the type of commitment and counterparty.
Other upcoming large cash outflows, such as tax payments.
Based on the sources and uses of liquidity calculated under the Maximum Liquidity Outflow scenarios, we determine, based on a calculated surplus or deficit, additional long-term funding that may be needed versus funding through the repurchase financing market and consider any adjustments that may be necessary to our inventory balances and cash holdings. At November 30, 2017, we have sufficient excess liquidity to meet all contingent cash outflows detailed in the Maximum Liquidity Outflow. We regularly refine our model to reflect changes in market or economic conditions and the firm’s business mix.
As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017, we anticipate incurring a one-time payment to Leucadia in fiscal 2018 of approximately $55.0 million due to the tax on the deemed repatriation of undistributed foreign earnings.



31

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Sources of Liquidity
The following are financial instruments that are cash and cash equivalents or are deemed by management to be generally readily convertible into cash, marginable or accessible for liquidity purposes within a relatively short period of time (dollars in thousands):
 
November 30, 2017
 
Average Balance Quarter ended November 30, 2017 (1)
 
November 30, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash in banks
$
2,244,207

 
$
2,358,187

 
$
905,003

Certificates of deposit

 
23,901

 
25,000

Money market investments
2,920,285

 
1,693,151

 
2,599,066

Total cash and cash equivalents
5,164,492

 
4,075,239

 
3,529,069

Other sources of liquidity:
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities owned and securities purchased under agreements to resell (2)
1,031,252

 
917,719

 
1,455,398

Other (3)
513,293

 
551,223

 
318,646

Total other sources
1,544,545

 
1,468,942

 
1,774,044

Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources
$
6,709,037

 
$
5,544,181

 
$
5,303,113

Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources as % of Total assets
16.9
%
 
 
 
14.4
%
Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources as % of Total assets less goodwill and intangible assets
17.7
%
 
 
 
15.1
%
(1)
Average balances are calculated based on weekly balances.
(2)
Consists of high quality sovereign government securities and reverse repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities and other high quality sovereign government securities; deposits with a central bank within the European Economic Area, Canada, Australia, Japan, Switzerland or the USA; and securities issued by a designated multilateral development bank and reverse repurchase agreements with underlying collateral comprised of these securities.
(3)
Other includes unencumbered inventory representing an estimate of the amount of additional secured financing that could be reasonably expected to be obtained from our financial instruments owned that are currently not pledged after considering reasonable financing haircuts.
In addition to the cash balances and liquidity pool presented above, the majority of financial instruments (both long and short) in our trading accounts are actively traded and readily marketable. At November 30, 2017, we had the ability to readily obtain repurchase financing for 72.8% of our inventory at haircuts of 10% or less, which reflects the liquidity of our inventory. In addition, as a matter of our policy, all of these assets have internal capital assessed, which is in addition to the funding haircuts provided in the securities finance markets. Additionally, certain of our Financial instruments owned primarily consisting of bank loans, consumer loans and investments are predominantly funded by long term capital. Under our cash capital policy, we model capital allocation levels that are more stringent than the haircuts used in the market for secured funding; and we maintain surplus capital at these more stringent levels. We continually assess the liquidity of our inventory based on the level at which we could obtain financing in the market place for a given asset. Assets are considered to be liquid if financing can be obtained in the repurchase market or the securities lending market at collateral haircut levels of 10% or less. The following summarizes our financial instruments by asset class that we consider to be of a liquid nature and the amount of such assets that have not been pledged as collateral at November 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

32

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

 
November 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
Liquid Financial
Instruments
 
Unencumbered Liquid Financial Instruments (2)
 
Liquid Financial Instruments
 
Unencumbered Liquid Financial Instruments (2)
Corporate equity securities
$
1,718,617

 
$
272,380

 
$
1,815,819

 
$
280,733

Corporate debt securities
2,475,291

 
57,290

 
1,818,150

 

U.S. government, agency and municipal securities
1,954,697

 
185,481

 
3,157,737

 
600,456

Other sovereign obligations
2,050,942

 
996,421

 
2,258,035

 
854,942

Agency mortgage-backed securities (1)
1,742,977

 

 
1,090,391

 

Loans and other receivables
243,664

 

 
274,842

 

Total
$
10,186,188

 
$
1,511,572

 
$
10,414,974

 
$
1,736,131

(1)
Consists solely of agency mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae. These securities include pass-through securities, securities backed by adjustable rate mortgages (“ARMs”), collateralized mortgage obligations, commercial mortgage-backed securities and interest- and principal-only securities.
(2)
Unencumbered liquid balances represent assets that can be sold or used as collateral for a loan, but have not been.
Average liquid financial instruments were $11.9 billion and $11.8 billion for 2017 and 2016, respectively. Average unencumbered liquid financial instruments were $1.6 billion for both 2017 and 2016.
In addition to being able to be readily financed at modest haircut levels, we estimate that each of the individual securities within each asset class above could be sold into the market and converted into cash within three business days under normal market conditions, assuming that the entire portfolio of a given asset class was not simultaneously liquidated. There are no restrictions on the unencumbered liquid securities, nor have they been pledged as collateral.
Sources of Funding and Capital Resources
Our assets are funded by equity capital, senior debt, convertible debt, securities loaned, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, customer free credit balances, bank loans and other payables.
Secured Financing
We rely principally on readily available secured funding to finance our inventory of financial instruments. Our ability to support increases in total assets is largely a function of our ability to obtain short and intermediate-term secured funding, primarily through securities financing transactions. We finance a portion of our long inventory and cover some of our short inventory by pledging and borrowing securities in the form of repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements (collectively “repos”), respectively. Approximately 74.4% of our cash and non-cash repurchase financing activities use collateral that is considered eligible collateral by central clearing corporations. Central clearing corporations are situated between participating members who borrow cash and lend securities (or vice versa); accordingly, repo participants contract with the central clearing corporation and not one another individually. Therefore, counterparty credit risk is borne by the central clearing corporation which mitigates the risk through initial margin demands and variation margin calls from repo participants. The comparatively large proportion of our total repo activity that is eligible for central clearing reflects the high quality and liquid composition of the inventory we carry in our trading books. For those asset classes not eligible for central clearinghouse financing, we seek to execute our bi-lateral financings on an extended term basis and the tenor of our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements generally exceeds the expected holding period of the assets we are financing. The weighted average maturity of cash and non-cash repurchase agreements for non-clearing corporation eligible funded inventory is approximately three months at November 30, 2017.
Our ability to finance our inventory via central clearinghouses and bi-lateral arrangements is augmented by our ability to draw bank loans on an uncommitted basis under our various banking arrangements. At November 30, 2017, short-term borrowings, which must be repaid within one year or less and include bank loans and overdrafts, borrowings under revolving credit facilities, and structured notes totaled $436.2 million. Interest under the bank lines is generally at a spread over the federal funds rate. Letters of credit are used in the normal course of business mostly to satisfy various collateral requirements in favor of exchanges in lieu of depositing cash or securities. Average daily short-term borrowings outstanding were $482.4 million and $399.6 million for 2017 and 2016, respectively.

33

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Our short-term borrowings include the following facilities:
Intraday Credit Facility. The Bank of New York Mellon agrees to make revolving intraday credit advances (“Intraday Credit Facility”) for an aggregate committed amount of $150.0 million. The Intraday Credit Facility contains a financial covenant, which includes a minimum regulatory net capital requirement for our U.S. broker-dealer, Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”). Interest is based on the higher of the Federal funds effective rate plus 0.5% or the prime rate. At November 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all debt covenants under the Intraday Credit Facility.
For additional details on our short-term borrowings, refer to Note 11, Short-Term Borrowings, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In addition to the above financing arrangements, we issue notes backed by eligible collateral under a master repurchase agreement, which provides an additional financing source for our inventory (our “repurchase agreement financing program”). The notes issued under the program are presented in Other secured financings in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At November 30, 2017, the outstanding notes were $722.1 million and are as follows:
Series
 
Issued
 
Principal
 
Maturity
2015-2 (1) (2)
 
May 12, 2015
 
$164.0 million
 
May 15, 2018
2017-1 (1)
 
February 7, 2017
 
$97.4 million
 
February 7, 2018
2017-2 (1) (3)
 
July 27, 2017
 
$101.3 million
 
July 24, 2018
2017-3 (1)
 
August 15, 2017
 
$74.4 million
 
July 24, 2018
2017-4 (1) (3)
 
September 7, 2017
 
$75.0 million
 
August 24, 2018
2017-5 (1) (3)
 
September 15, 2017
 
$50.0 million
 
August 24, 2018
2017-6 (1) (4)
 
October 13, 2017
 
$60.0 million
 
November 26, 2018
2017-7 (1) (4)
 
October 20, 2017
 
$100.0 million
 
November 26, 2018
(1)
These notes bear interest at a spread over one month LIBOR.
(2)
This note is redeemable at the option of the noteholders.
(3)
These notes are redeemable at our option and at the option of the noteholders.
(4)
These notes are redeemable at our option.
For additional details on our repurchase agreement financing program, refer to Note 8, Variable Interest Entities, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Total Long-Term Capital
At November 30, 2017 and 2016, we had total long-term capital of $11.2 billion and $10.5 billion resulting in a long-term debt to equity capital ratio of 0.94:1 and 0.96:1, respectively. Our total long-term capital base at November 30, 2017 and 2016 was as follows (in thousands):
 
November 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Long-Term Debt (1)
$
5,402,590

 
$
5,130,822

Total Equity
5,759,559

 
5,370,597

Total Long-Term Capital
$
11,162,149

 
$
10,501,419

(1)
Long-term capital at November 30, 2017 excludes $7.1 million of our structured notes, as these notes mature on May 4, 2018, $324.8 million of our 3.875% convertible debentures due 2029 (principal amount of $345.0 million) (the “debentures”), as these debentures were redeemable beginning on November 1, 2017, and $682.3 million of our 5.125% senior notes, as these notes mature on April 13, 2018. Long-term capital at November 30, 2016 excludes $6.3 million of our structured notes, as these notes were redeemable on May 4, 2017, and $346.2 million of our 3.875% convertible debentures, as these debentures were redeemable beginning on November 1, 2017. At November 1, 2017, $20.2 million of our 3.875% convertible debentures were called. At November 22, 2017, all of the remaining convertible debentures were called for optional redemption and were redeemed on January 5, 2018. Refer to Note 12, Long-Term Debt, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details on these notes.
On January 11, 2018, our Board of Directors approved a distribution to our sole limited liability company member, Leucadia National Corporation (“Leucadia”), in the amount of $200.0 million, payable on January 31, 2018, which will reduce our total equity. In addition, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly distribution policy authorizing us to pay a quarterly distribution

34

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

to our limited liability company members following the end of each of our fiscal quarters. Beginning at the end of our fiscal quarter ending February 28, 2018 and on a quarterly basis thereafter, we will pay our limited liability company members a quarterly dividend equal to 50% of our net earnings.

Long-Term Debt
During 2017, long-term debt increased $933.5 million, net of retirements. During the year ended November 30, 2017, we issued senior notes with a total principal amount of approximately $609.1 million, net of retirements, and structured notes with a total principal amount of approximately $329.9 million, net of retirements. In addition, during 2017, we called $20.2 million of our 3.875% convertible debentures due 2029 (principal amount of $345.0 million) (the “debentures”). Certain of our structured notes contain various interest rate payment terms and are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk presented in other comprehensive income and changes in fair value resulting from non-credit components recognized in Principal transaction revenues. The fair value of all of our structured notes accounted for at fair value at November 30, 2017 was $607.0 million.
On January 23, 2018, we issued 4.150% senior notes with a principal amount of $1.0 billion, due 2030. At November 22, 2017, all of the remaining convertible debentures ($324.8 million at November 30, 2017) were called for optional redemption, with a redemption date of January 5, 2018, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the convertible debentures redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. All of these remaining convertible debentures were redeemed on January 5, 2018. In addition, our $682.3 million 5.125% senior notes will mature in April 2018 and we will pay a $200.0 million distribution to Leucadia on January 31, 2018, which will reduce our total capital. For further information, see Note 12, Long-Term Debt, and Note 19, Related Party Transactions, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At November 30, 2017, our long-term debt has a weighted average maturity of approximately seven years.
Our long-term debt ratings at November 30, 2017 are as follows:
 
Rating
 
Outlook
Moody’s Investors Service (1)
Baa3
 
Stable
Standard and Poor’s
BBB-
 
Stable
Fitch Ratings
BBB-
 
Stable
(1)     On January 10, 2018, Moody’s Investors Service reaffirmed our long-term debt rating of Baa3 and our rating outlook of stable.
At November 30, 2017, the long-term ratings on our principal operating broker-dealers, Jefferies and Jefferies International Limited (a U.K. broker-dealer) are as follows:
 
Jefferies
 
Jefferies International Limited
 
Rating
 
Outlook
 
Rating
 
Outlook
Moody’s Investors Service
Baa2
 
Stable
 
Baa2
 
Stable
Standard and Poor’s
BBB
 
Stable
 
BBB
 
Stable
(1)
On January 10, 2018, Moody’s Investors Service reaffirmed the long-term ratings on our principal operating broker-dealers of Baa2 and their rating outlooks of stable.
Access to external financing to finance our day to day operations, as well as the cost of that financing, is dependent upon various factors, including our debt ratings. Our current debt ratings are dependent upon many factors, including industry dynamics, operating and economic environment, operating results, operating margins, earnings trend and volatility, balance sheet composition, liquidity and liquidity management, our capital structure, our overall risk management, business diversification and our market share and competitive position in the markets in which we operate. Deteriorations in any of these factors could impact our credit ratings. While certain aspects of a credit rating downgrade are quantifiable pursuant to contractual provisions, the impact on our business and trading results in future periods is inherently uncertain and depends on a number of factors, including the magnitude of the downgrade, the behavior of individual clients and future mitigating action taken by us.

35

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

In connection with certain over-the-counter derivative contract arrangements and certain other trading arrangements, we may be required to provide additional collateral to counterparties, exchanges and clearing organizations in the event of a credit rating downgrade. At November 30, 2017, the amount of additional collateral that could be called by counterparties, exchanges and clearing organizations under the terms of such agreements in the event of a downgrade of our long-term credit rating below investment grade was $48.5 million. For certain foreign clearing organizations credit rating is only one of several factors employed in determining collateral that could be called. The above represents management’s best estimate for additional collateral to be called in the event of credit rating downgrade. The impact of additional collateral requirements is considered in our Contingency Funding Plan and calculation of Maximum Liquidity Outflow, as described above.
Equity Capital
As compared to November 30, 2016, the increase to total Jefferies Group LLC member’s equity at November 30, 2017 is primarily attributed to net earnings in 2017.
Net Capital
As a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and member firms of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), Jefferies is subject to the Securities and Exchange Commission Uniform Net Capital Rule (“Rule 15c3-1”), which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, and has elected to calculate minimum capital requirements using the alternative method permitted by Rule 15c3-1 in calculating net capital. Jefferies, as a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and FCM, is also subject to Rule 1.17 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), which sets forth minimum financial requirements. The minimum net capital requirement in determining excess net capital for a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and FCM is equal to the greater of the requirement under Rule 15c3-1 or CFTC Rule 1.17. In November 2017, Jefferies Execution Services, Inc. merged with and into Jefferies, with Jefferies as the surviving entity.
At November 30, 2017, Jefferies’ net capital and excess net capital were as follows (in thousands):
 
Net Capital
 
Excess Net Capital
Jefferies
$
1,418,930

 
$
1,330,169

FINRA is the designated examining authority for our U.S. broker-dealer and the National Futures Association is the designated self-regulatory organization for Jefferies as an FCM.
Certain other U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries are subject to capital adequacy requirements as prescribed by the regulatory authorities in their respective jurisdictions, including Jefferies International Limited which is subject to the regulatory supervision and requirements of the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) was signed into law on July 21, 2010. The Dodd-Frank Act contains provisions that require the registration of all swap dealers, major swap participants, security-based swap dealers, and/or major security-based swap participants. While entities that register under these provisions will be subject to regulatory capital requirements, these regulatory capital requirements have not yet been finalized. We expect that these provisions will result in modifications to the regulatory capital requirements of some of our entities, and will result in some of our other entities becoming subject to regulatory capital requirements for the first time, including Jefferies Financial Services, Inc., which registered as a swap dealer with the CFTC during January 2013 and Jefferies Financial Products LLC, which registered during August 2014.
The regulatory capital requirements referred to above may restrict our ability to withdraw capital from our regulated subsidiaries.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have contractual commitments arising in the ordinary course of business for securities loaned or purchased under agreements to resell, repurchase agreements, future purchases and sales of foreign currencies, securities transactions on a when-issued basis and underwriting. Each of these financial instruments and activities contains varying degrees of off-balance sheet risk whereby the fair values of the securities underlying the financial instruments may be in excess of, or less than, the contract amount. The settlement of these transactions is not expected to have a material effect upon our consolidated financial statements.

36

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

In the normal course of business we engage in other off balance sheet arrangements, including derivative contracts. Neither derivatives’ notional amounts nor underlying instrument values are reflected as assets or liabilities in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Rather, the fair values of derivative contracts are reported in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as Financial instruments owned or Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased as applicable. Derivative contracts are reflected net of cash paid or received pursuant to credit support agreements and are reported on a net by counterparty basis when a legal right of offset exists under an enforceable master netting agreement. For additional information about our accounting policies and our derivative activities see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Note 4, Fair Value Disclosures, and Note 5, Derivative Financial Instruments, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We are routinely involved with variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in the normal course of business. At November 30, 2017, we did not have any commitments to purchase assets from these VIEs. For additional information regarding our involvement with VIEs, see Note 7, Securitization Activities, and Note 8, Variable Interest Entities, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Due to the uncertainty regarding the timing and amounts that will ultimately be paid, our liability for unrecognized tax benefits has been excluded from the below contractual obligations table. See Note 15, Income Taxes, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.
For information on our commitments and guarantees, see Note 16, Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Contractual Obligations
The table below provides information about our contractual obligations at November 30, 2017. The table presents principal cash flows with expected maturity dates (in millions):
 
Expected Maturity Date
 
 
 
2018
 
2019
 
2020 and 2021
 
2022 and 2023
 
2024 and Later
 
Total
Contractual obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unsecured long-term debt (contractual principal payments net of unamortized discounts and premiums) (1)
$
1,014.3

 
$
734.9

 
$
1,401.5

 
$
645.1

 
$
2,621.0

 
$
6,416.8

Interest payment obligations on long term debt (2)
319.8

 
280.0

 
443.4

 
323.1

 
1,307.9

 
2,674.2

Operating leases (net of subleases) - premises and equipment (3)
59.5

 
57.7

 
98.9

 
106.1

 
576.3

 
898.5

Master sale and leaseback agreement (3)
1.5

 
0.2

 

 

 

 
1.7

Purchase obligations (4)
93.7

 
80.9

 
114.2

 
63.2

 
73.9

 
425.9

Total contractual obligations
$
1,488.8

 
$
1,153.7

 
$
2,058.0

 
$
1,137.5

 
$
4,579.1

 
$
10,417.1

(1)
For additional information on long-term debt, see Note 12, Long-Term Debt, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2)
Amounts based on applicable interest rates at November 30, 2017.
(3)
For additional information on operating leases related to certain premises and equipment and a master sale and leaseback agreement, see Note 16, Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(4)
Purchase obligations for goods and services primarily include payments for outsourcing and computer and telecommunications maintenance agreements. Purchase obligations at November 30, 2017 reflect the minimum contractual obligations under legally enforceable contracts.
Subsequent to November 30, 2017 and on or before January 31, 2018, we expect to make cash payments of $850.7 million related to compensation awards for fiscal 2017. See Note 14, Compensation Plans, in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.


37

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Risk Management
Overview
Risk is an inherent part of our business and activities. The extent to which we properly and effectively identify, assess, monitor and manage each of the various types of risk involved in our activities is critical to our financial soundness, viability and profitability. Accordingly, we have a comprehensive risk management approach, with a formal governance structure and processes to identify, assess, monitor and manage risk. Principal risks involved in our business activities include market, credit, liquidity and capital, operational, legal and compliance, new business, and reputational risk.
Risk management is a multifaceted process that requires communication, judgment and knowledge of financial products and markets. Accordingly, our risk management process encompasses the active involvement of executive and senior management, and also many departments independent of the revenue-producing business units, including the Risk Management, Operations, Compliance, Legal and Finance Departments. Our risk management policies, procedures and methodologies are fluid in nature and are subject to ongoing review and modification.
For discussion of liquidity and capital risk management, refer to the “Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital Resources” section herein.
Governance and Risk Management Structure
Our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors and its Audit Committee play an important role in reviewing our risk management process and risk tolerance. Our Board of Directors and Audit Committee are provided with data relating to risk at each of its regularly scheduled meetings. Our Chief Risk Officer and Global Treasurer meet with the Board of Directors on not less than a quarterly basis to present our risk profile and liquidity profile and to respond to questions.
Risk Committees. We make extensive use of internal committees to govern risk taking and ensure that business activities are properly identified, assessed, monitored and managed. Our Risk Management Committee meets weekly to discuss our risk, capital, and liquidity profile in detail. In addition, business or market trends and their potential impact on the risk profile are discussed. Membership is comprised of our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Chairman of the Executive Committee, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Risk Officer and Global Treasurer. The Committee approves limits for us as a whole, and across risk categories and business lines. It also reviews all limit breaches. Limits are reviewed on at least an annual basis. Other risk related committees include Market Risk Management, Credit Risk Management, New Business, Underwriting Acceptance, Margin Oversight, Executive Management and Operating Committees. These Committees govern risk taking and ensure that business activities are properly managed for their area of oversight.
Risk Related Policies. We make use of various policies in the risk management process:
Market Risk Policy- This policy sets out roles, responsibilities, processes and escalation procedures regarding market risk management.
Independent Price Verification Policy- This policy sets out roles, responsibilities, processes and escalation procedures regarding independent price verification for securities and other financial instruments.
Operational Risk Management Policies- These policies sets out roles, responsibilities, processes and escalation procedures regarding operational risk management.
Credit Risk Management Policy- This policy provides standards and controls for credit risk-taking throughout our global business activities. This policy also governs credit limit methodology and counterparty review.
Model Risk Management Policy- This policy sets out roles, processes and escalation procedures regarding all aspects of model risk management.
Vendor Risk Management Policy- This policy sets out roles, processes and escalation procedures regarding vendor risk management.
Risk Management Key Metrics
We apply a comprehensive framework of limits on a variety of key metrics to constrain the risk profile of our business activities. The size of the limit reflects our risk tolerance for a certain activity under normal business conditions. Key metrics included in our framework include inventory position and exposure limits on a gross and net basis, scenario analysis and stress tests, Value-at-Risk, sensitivities (greeks), exposure concentrations, aged inventory, amount of Level 3 assets, counterparty exposure, leverage, cash capital, and performance analysis metrics.

38

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Market Risk
The potential for changes in the value of financial instruments is referred to as market risk. Our market risk generally represents the risk of loss that may result from a change in the value of a financial instrument as a result of fluctuations in interest rates, credit spreads, equity prices, commodity prices and foreign exchange rates, along with the level of volatility. Interest rate risks result primarily from exposure to changes in the yield curve, the volatility of interest rates, and credit spreads. Equity price risks result from exposure to changes in prices and volatilities of individual equities, equity baskets and equity indices. Commodity price risks result from exposure to the changes in prices and volatilities of individual commodities, commodity baskets and commodity indices. Market risk arises from market making, proprietary trading, underwriting, specialist and investing activities. We seek to manage our exposure to market risk by diversifying exposures, controlling position sizes, and establishing economic hedges in related securities or derivatives. Due to imperfections in correlations, gains and losses can occur even for positions that are hedged. Position limits in trading and inventory accounts are established and monitored on an ongoing basis. Each day, consolidated position and exposure reports are prepared and distributed to various levels of management, which enable management to monitor inventory levels and results of the trading groups.
Value-at-Risk
We estimate Value-at-Risk (“VaR”) using a model that simulates revenue and loss distributions on our trading portfolios by applying historical market changes to the current portfolio. Using the results of this simulation, VaR measures the potential loss in value of our financial instruments due to adverse market movements over a specified time horizon at a given confidence level. We calculate a one-day VaR using a one year look-back period measured at a 95% confidence level.
As with all measures of VaR, our estimate has inherent limitations due to the assumption that historical changes in market conditions are representative of the future. Furthermore, the VaR model measures the risk of a current static position over a one-day horizon and might not capture the market risk of positions that cannot be liquidated or offset with hedges in a one-day period. Published VaR results reflect past trading positions while future risk depends on future positions.
While we believe the assumptions and inputs in our risk model are reasonable, we could incur losses greater than the reported VaR because the historical market prices and rates changes may not be an accurate measure of future market events and conditions. Consequently, this VaR estimate is only one of a number of tools we use in our daily risk management activities.
When comparing our VaR numbers to those of other firms, it is important to remember that different methodologies and assumptions could produce significantly different results.
Our average daily VaR slightly declined to $7.79 million for 2017 from $7.91 million for 2016. This slight decline was due to lower equity, currency rate and commodity price risk, partially offset by an increase in interest rate risk and a lower diversification benefit.
The following table illustrates each separate component of VaR for each component of market risk by interest rate, equity, currency and commodity products, as well as for our overall trading positions using the past 365 days of historical data (in millions):
 
 
 
Daily VaR (1)
Value-at-Risk In Trading Portfolios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VaR at November 30, 2017
 
 
VaR at November 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
Daily VaR for 2017
 
 
Daily VaR for 2016
Risk Categories:
 
Average
 
High
 
Low
 
 
Average
 
High
 
Low
Interest Rates
$
3.38

 
$
5.11

 
$
9.59

 
$
2.63

 
$
5.82

 
$
4.96

 
$
6.99

 
$
3.43

Equity Prices
2.90

 
5.17

 
17.20

 
2.52

 
6.71

 
5.42

 
9.55

 
2.60

Currency Rates
0.18

 
0.22

 
0.65

 
0.06

 
0.19

 
0.41

 
3.01

 
0.07

Commodity Prices
0.35

 
0.73

 
2.20

 
0.27

 
0.51

 
0.84

 
2.44

 
0.31

Diversification Effect (2)
(1.86
)
 
(3.44
)
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
(4.79
)
 
(3.72
)
 
N/A

 
N/A

Firmwide
$
4.95

 
$
7.79

 
$
17.55

 
$
4.52

 
$
8.44

 
$
7.91

 
$
11.40

 
$
4.30

(1)
For the VaR numbers reported above, a one-day time horizon, with a one year look-back period, and a 95% confidence level were used.
(2)
The diversification effect is not applicable for the maximum and minimum VaR values as the firmwide VaR and the VaR values for the four risk categories might have occurred on different days during the year.
The aggregated VaR presented here is less than the sum of the individual components (i.e., interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk, equity risk and commodity price risk) due to the benefit of diversification among the four risk categories. Diversification benefit equals the difference between aggregated VaR and the sum of VaRs for the four risk categories and arises because the market risk categories are not perfectly correlated.

39

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

The chart below reflects our daily VaR over the last four quarters:
dailyvartrendgraph4q17.jpg


The significant increase in the daily VaR in March 2017 was due to an equity block position, which was subsequently sold within a few days.
The primary method used to test the efficacy of the VaR model is to compare our actual daily net revenue for those positions included in our VaR calculation with the daily VaR estimate. This evaluation is performed at various levels of the trading portfolio, from the holding company level down to specific business lines. For the VaR model, trading related revenue is defined as principal transaction revenue, trading related commissions, revenue from securitization activities and net interest income. For a 95% confidence one day VaR model (i.e., no intra-day trading), assuming current changes in market value are consistent with the historical changes used in the calculation, net trading losses would not be expected to exceed the VaR estimates more than twelve times on an annual basis (i.e., once in every 20 days). During 2017, results of the evaluation at the aggregate level demonstrated no days when the net trading loss exceeded the 95% one day VaR.
Certain positions within financial instruments are not included in the VaR model because VaR is not the most appropriate measure of risk. Accordingly, Risk Management has additional procedures in place to assure that the level of potential loss that would arise from market movements are within acceptable levels. Such procedures include performing stress tests, monitoring concentration risk and tracking price target/stop loss levels. The table below presents the potential reduction in net income associated with a 10% stress of the fair value of the positions that are not included in the VaR model at November 30, 2017 (in thousands):
 
10% Sensitivity
Private investments
$
15,464

Corporate debt securities in default
13,755

Trade claims
3,141

VaR also excludes the impact of changes in our own credit spreads on our structured notes for which the fair value option was elected. The estimated credit spread risk sensitivity for each one basis point widening in our own credit spreads on financial liabilities for which the fair value option was elected was an increase in value of approximately $705,000 at November 30, 2017, which is included in other comprehensive income.

40

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Daily Net Trading Revenue
There were 14 days with trading losses out of a total of 252 trading days in 2017. The histogram below presents the distribution of our actual daily net trading revenue for substantially all of our trading activities for 2017 (in millions).
chart-efe790cd9a231057b05.jpg

Scenario Analysis and Stress Tests
While VaR measures potential losses due to adverse changes in historical market prices and rates, we use stress testing to analyze the potential impact of specific events or moderate or extreme market moves on our current portfolio both firm wide and within business segments. Stress scenarios comprise both historical market price and rate changes and hypothetical market environments, and generally involve simultaneous changes of many risk factors. Indicative market changes in our scenarios include, but are not limited to, a large widening of credit spreads, a substantial decline in equities markets, significant moves in selected emerging markets, large moves in interest rates, changes in the shape of the yield curve and large moves in European markets. In addition, we also perform ad hoc stress tests and add new scenarios as market conditions dictate. Because our stress scenarios are meant to reflect market moves that occur over a period of time, our estimates of potential loss assume some level of position reduction for liquid positions. Unlike our VaR, which measures potential losses within a given confidence interval, stress scenarios do not have an associated implied probability; rather, stress testing is used to estimate the potential loss from market moves that tend to be larger than those embedded in the VaR calculation.
Stress testing is performed and reported regularly as part of the risk management process. Stress testing is used to assess our aggregate risk position as well as for limit setting and risk/reward analysis.
Counterparty Credit Risk and Issuer Country Exposure
Counterparty Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of loss due to adverse changes in a counterparty’s credit worthiness or its ability or willingness to meet its financial obligations in accordance with the terms and conditions of a financial contract. We are exposed to credit risk as trading counterparty to other broker-dealers and customers, as a direct lender and through extending loan commitments, as a holder of securities and as a member of exchanges and clearing organizations.
It is critical to our financial soundness and profitability that we properly and effectively identify, assess, monitor, and manage the various credit and counterparty risks inherent in our businesses. Credit is extended to counterparties in a controlled manner in order to generate acceptable returns, whether such credit is granted directly or is incidental to a transaction. All extensions of credit are monitored and managed on an enterprise level in order to limit exposure to loss related to credit risk.
Our Credit Risk Framework is responsible for identifying credit risks throughout the operating businesses, establishing counterparty limits and managing and monitoring those credit limits. Our framework includes:
Defining credit limit guidelines and credit limit approval processes;
Providing a consistent and integrated credit risk framework across the enterprise;
Approving counterparties and counterparty limits with parameters set by the Risk Management Committee;

41

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Negotiating, approving and monitoring credit terms in legal and master documentation;
Delivering credit limits to all relevant sales and trading desks;
Maintaining credit reviews for all active and new counterparties;
Operating a control function for exposure analytics and exception management and reporting;
Determining the analytical standards and risk parameters for on-going management and monitoring of global credit risk books;
Actively managing daily exposure, exceptions, and breaches;
Monitoring daily margin call activity and counterparty performance (in concert with the Margin Department); and
Setting the minimum global requirements for systems, reports, and technology.
Credit Exposures
Credit exposure exists across a wide-range of products, which includes the following:
Loans and lending, arising in connection with our capital markets activities and forward settling traded loans;
Securities and margin finance, which represents securities financing transactions (reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements and securities lending agreements);
OTC derivatives, which are reported net by counterparty when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable master netting agreement, and includes forward settling trades;
Cash and cash equivalents, which includes both interest-bearing and non-interest bearing deposits at banks. 
Current counterparty credit exposures at November 30, 2017 and 2016 are summarized in the tables below and provided by credit quality, region and industry (in millions). Credit exposures presented take netting and collateral into consideration by counterparty and master agreement. Collateral taken into consideration includes both collateral received as cash as well as collateral received in the form of securities or other arrangements. Current exposure is the loss that would be incurred on a particular set of positions in the event of default by the counterparty, assuming no recovery. Current exposure equals the fair value of the positions less collateral. Issuer risk is the credit risk arising from inventory positions (for example, corporate debt securities and secondary bank loans). Issuer risk is included in our country risk exposure tables below. Of our counterparty credit exposure at November 30, 2017, excluding cash and cash equivalents, the percentage of exposure from investment grade counterparties increased to 92% from 82% at November 30, 2016, and with a majority concentrated in North America.
When comparing our credit exposure at November 30, 2017 with credit exposure at November 30, 2016, excluding cash and cash equivalents, current exposure increased 9% to approximately $1,353 million from $1,247 million. Counterparty credit exposure increased over the year by 24% from OTC derivatives, primarily driven by investment grade North American banks and broker-dealers, and by 22% from securities and margin finance, primarily driven by investment grade European banks and broker-dealers. Counterparty credit exposure from our loans and lending portfolio decreased by 46%, primarily attributed to North American loans.


42

Table of Contents
JEFFERIES GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

Counterparty Credit Exposure by Credit Rating
 
Loans and Lending
 
Securities and Margin
Finance
 
OTC Derivatives
 
Total
 
Cash and
Cash Equivalents
 
Total with Cash and
Cash Equivalents
 
At
 
At
 
At
 
At
 
At
 
At
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
AAA Range
$

 
$

 
$
6.4

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
6.4

 
$

 
$
2,924.2

 
$
2,601.4

 
$
2,930.6

 
$
2,601.4

AA Range
47.7

 
44.0

 
61.3

 
87.3

 
3.8

 
2.1

 
112.8

 
133.4

 
158.6

 
37.0

 
271.4

 
170.4

A Range
1.2

 
4.2

 
603.0

 
539.2

 
260.6

 
214.7

 
864.8

 
758.1

 
1,751.9

 
814.1

 
2,616.7

 
1,572.2

BBB Range
0.5

 
4.9

 
232.5

 
117.3

 
28.5

 
9.4

 
261.5

 
131.6

 
152.3

 
51.2

 
413.8

 
182.8

BB or Lower
12.5

 
100.1

 
8.1

 
6.2

 
16.7

 
23.8

 
37.3

 
130.1

 
100.6

 
25.1

 
137.9

 
155.2

Unrated
70.1

 
93.5

 

 

 

 

 
70.1

 
93.5

 
76.9

 
0.3

 
147.0

 
93.8

Total
$
132.0

 
$
246.7

 
$
911.3

 
$
750.0

 
$
309.6

 
$
250.0

 
$
1,352.9

 
$
1,246.7

 
$
5,164.5

 
$
3,529.1

 
$
6,517.4

 
$
4,775.8

 
Counterparty Credit Exposure by Region
 
Loans and Lending
 
Securities and Margin
Finance
 
OTC Derivatives
 
Total
 
Cash and
Cash Equivalents
 
Total with Cash and
Cash Equivalents
 
At
 
At
 
At
 
At
 
At
 
At
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
 
November 30,
2017
 
November
 30,
2016
Asia/Latin America/Other
$
3.0

 
$
4.9

 
$
45.8

 
$
16.3

 
$
0.3

 
$
32.7

 
$
49.1

 
$
53.9

 
$
280.7

 
$
165.8

 
$
329.8

 
$