Document
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
Or 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number: 001-32877
 
malogo.jpg
 
Mastercard Incorporated
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
13-4172551
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(IRS Employer
Identification Number)
 
 
2000 Purchase Street
10577
Purchase, NY
(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(914) 249-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x     No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):
Large accelerated filer
 
x
  
Accelerated filer
 
o  
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
o  
  
Smaller reporting company
 
o
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
o
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13 (a) of the Exchange Act.
 
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes  o    No  x
As of October 25, 2018, there were 1,020,931,497 shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; and 11,862,884 shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
 


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



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Table of Contents

In this Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”), references to the “Company,” “Mastercard,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to the Mastercard brand generally, and to the business conducted by Mastercard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including our operating subsidiary, Mastercard International Incorporated.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Report contains forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical facts may be forward-looking statements. When used in this Report, the words “believe”, “expect”, “could”, “may”, “would”, “will”, “trend” and similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that relate to the Company’s future prospects, developments and business strategies.
Many factors and uncertainties relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control, influence whether any forward-looking statements can or will be achieved. Any one of those factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in writing in any forward-looking statements made by Mastercard or on its behalf, including, but not limited to, the following factors:
•
direct regulation of the payments industry (including regulatory, legislative and litigation activity with respect to interchange fees, surcharging and the extension of current regulatory activity to additional jurisdictions or products)
•
the impact of preferential or protective government actions
•
regulation to which we are directly or indirectly subject based on our participation in the payments industry (including anti-money laundering and economic sanctions, financial sector oversight, real-time account-based payment systems, issuer practice regulation and regulation of internet and digital transactions)
•
the impact of changes in laws, including the recent U.S. tax legislation, regulations and interpretations thereof, or challenges to our tax positions
•
regulation of privacy, data protection and security
•
potential or incurred liability and limitations on business resulting from litigation
•
the impact of competition in the global payments industry (including disintermediation and pricing pressure)
•
the challenges relating to rapid technological developments and changes
•
the challenges relating to operating an account-based payment system in addition to our core network and to working with new customers and end users
•
the impact of information security incidents, account data breaches, fraudulent activity, or service disruptions on our business
•
issues related to our relationships with our financial institution customers (including loss of substantial business from significant customers, competitor relationships with our customers and banking industry consolidation)
•
the impact of our relationships with other stakeholders, including merchants and governments
•
exposure to loss or illiquidity due to settlement guarantees and other significant third-party obligations
•
the impact of global economic and political events and conditions (including global financial market activity, declines in cross-border activity, negative trends in consumer spending, the effect of adverse currency fluctuation and the effects of the U.K.’s proposed withdrawal from the E.U.)
•
reputational impact, including impact related to brand perception
•
issues related to acquisition integration, strategic investments and entry into new businesses
•
issues related to our Class A common stock and corporate governance structure
Please see a complete discussion of these risk factors in Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. We caution you that the important factors referenced above may not contain all of the factors that are important to you. Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Report or as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update our forward-looking statements.


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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(UNAUDITED) 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
(in millions, except per share data)
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
6,871

 
$
5,933

Restricted cash for litigation settlement
550

 
546

Investments
1,622

 
1,849

Accounts receivable
2,277

 
1,969

Settlement due from customers
1,335

 
1,375

Restricted security deposits held for customers
1,034

 
1,085

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
1,375

 
1,040

Total Current Assets
15,064

 
13,797

Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $813 and $714, respectively
876

 
829

Deferred income taxes
502

 
250

Goodwill
2,950

 
3,035

Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $1,198 and $1,157, respectively
1,023

 
1,120

Other assets
2,925

 
2,298

Total Assets
$
23,340

 
$
21,329

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
382

 
$
933

Settlement due to customers
1,155

 
1,343

Restricted security deposits held for customers
1,034

 
1,085

Accrued litigation
920

 
709

Accrued expenses
4,745

 
3,931

Current portion of long-term debt
500

 
—

Other current liabilities
973

 
792

Total Current Liabilities
9,709

 
8,793

Long-term debt
5,858

 
5,424

Deferred income taxes
50

 
106

Other liabilities
1,856

 
1,438

Total Liabilities
17,473

 
15,761

 
 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies

 

 
 
 
 
Redeemable Non-controlling Interests
71

 
71

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ Equity

 

Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 3,000 shares, 1,386 and 1,382 shares issued and 1,023 and 1,040 outstanding, respectively
—

 
—

Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 1,200 shares, 12 and 14 issued and outstanding, respectively
—

 
—

Additional paid-in-capital
4,526

 
4,365

Class A treasury stock, at cost, 364 and 342 shares, respectively
(24,807
)
 
(20,764
)
Retained earnings
26,726

 
22,364

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(670
)
 
(497
)
Total Stockholders’ Equity
5,775

 
5,468

Non-controlling interests
21

 
29

Total Equity
5,796

 
5,497

Total Liabilities, Redeemable Non-controlling Interests and Equity
$
23,340

 
$
21,329

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)


 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Net Revenue
$
3,898

 
$
3,398

 
$
11,143

 
$
9,185

Operating Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
1,236

 
1,136

 
3,684

 
3,162

Advertising and marketing
235

 
203

 
694

 
587

Depreciation and amortization
111

 
118

 
346

 
321

Provision for litigation settlements
29

 
—

 
371

 
15

Total operating expenses
1,611

 
1,457

 
5,095

 
4,085

Operating income
2,287

 
1,941

 
6,048

 
5,100

Other Income (Expense)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment income
31

 
15

 
79

 
44

Interest expense
(48
)
 
(35
)
 
(139
)
 
(113
)
Other income (expense), net
(6
)
 
11

 
1

 
7

Total other income (expense)
(23
)
 
(9
)
 
(59
)
 
(62
)
Income before income taxes
2,264

 
1,932

 
5,989

 
5,038

Income tax expense
365

 
502

 
1,029

 
1,350

Net Income
$
1,899

 
$
1,430

 
$
4,960

 
$
3,688

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic Earnings per Share
$
1.83

 
$
1.34

 
$
4.75

 
$
3.45

Basic Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding
1,037

 
1,063

 
1,044

 
1,071

Diluted Earnings per Share
$
1.82

 
$
1.34

 
$
4.73

 
$
3.43

Diluted Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding
1,043

 
1,068

 
1,050

 
1,075


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions)
Net Income
$
1,899

 
$
1,430

 
$
4,960

 
$
3,688

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
(42
)
 
199

 
(233
)
 
515

Income tax effect
4

 
(1
)
 
9

 
—

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of income tax effect
(38
)
 
198

 
(224
)
 
515

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Translation adjustments on net investment hedge
2

 
(65
)
 
70

 
(207
)
Income tax effect
(1
)
 
23

 
(16
)
 
75

Translation adjustments on net investment hedge, net of income tax effect
1

 
(42
)
 
54

 
(132
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
(2
)
Income tax effect
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, net of income tax effect
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale
(1
)
 
1

 
(2
)
 
(1
)
Income tax effect
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Investment securities available-for-sale, net of income tax effect
(1
)
 
1

 
(2
)
 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(38
)
 
157

 
(173
)
 
382

Comprehensive Income
$
1,861

 
$
1,587

 
$
4,787

 
$
4,070


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
 
Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Class A
Treasury
Stock
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Non-
Controlling
Interests
 
Total Equity
 
Class A
 
Class B
 
 
 
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
4,365

 
$
(20,764
)
 
$
22,364

 
$
(497
)
 
$
29

 
$
5,497

Adoption of revenue standard
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
366

 
—

 
—

 
366

Adoption of intra-entity asset transfers standard
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(183
)
 
—

 
—

 
(183
)
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,960

 
—

 
—

 
4,960

Activity related to non-controlling interests
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8
)
 
(8
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(173
)
 
—

 
(173
)
Cash dividends declared on Class A and Class B common stock, $0.75 per share
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(781
)
 
—

 
—

 
(781
)
Purchases of treasury stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4,048
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4,048
)
Share-based payments
—

 
—

 
161

 
5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
166

Balance at September 30, 2018
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
4,526

 
$
(24,807
)
 
$
26,726

 
$
(670
)
 
$
21

 
$
5,796


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions)
Operating Activities
 
 
 
Net income
$
4,960

 
$
3,688

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Amortization of customer and merchant incentives
885

 
761

Depreciation and amortization
346

 
321

Share-based compensation
153

 
137

Deferred income taxes
(209
)
 
(56
)
Other
11

 
22

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(317
)
 
(321
)
Settlement due from customers
39

 
(105
)
Prepaid expenses
(1,174
)
 
(1,286
)
Accrued litigation and legal settlements
202

 
(12
)
Restricted security deposits held for customers
(51
)
 
35

Accounts payable
(44
)
 
85

Settlement due to customers
(186
)
 
54

Accrued expenses
461

 
380

Net change in other assets and liabilities
(185
)
 
138

Net cash provided by operating activities
4,891

 
3,841

Investing Activities
 
 
 
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale
(953
)
 
(531
)
Purchases of investments held-to-maturity
(400
)
 
(925
)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale
491

 
153

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available-for-sale
291

 
371

Proceeds from maturities of investments held-to-maturity
762

 
872

Purchases of property, plant and equipment
(255
)
 
(214
)
Capitalized software
(126
)
 
(87
)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired
—

 
(1,175
)
Investment in nonmarketable equity investments
(32
)
 
(128
)
Other investing activities
(15
)
 
41

Net cash used in investing activities
(237
)
 
(1,623
)
Financing Activities
 
 
 
Purchases of treasury stock
(4,045
)
 
(2,731
)
Dividends paid
(785
)
 
(709
)
Proceeds from debt
991

 
—

Payment of debt
—

 
(64
)
Tax withholdings related to share-based payments
(79
)
 
(46
)
Cash proceeds from exercise of stock options
92

 
48

Other financing activities
(7
)
 
8

Net cash used in financing activities
(3,833
)
 
(3,494
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
65

 
194

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
886

 
(1,082
)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - beginning of period
7,592

 
8,273

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - end of period
$
8,478

 
$
7,191

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Mastercard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Mastercard International Incorporated (“Mastercard International” and together with Mastercard Incorporated, “Mastercard” or the “Company”), is a technology company in the global payments industry that connects consumers, financial institutions, merchants, governments, digital partners, businesses and other organizations worldwide, enabling them to use electronic forms of payment instead of cash and checks.
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mastercard and its majority-owned and controlled entities, including any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no significant VIEs which required consolidation. The Company consolidates acquisitions as of the date in which the Company has obtained a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 presentation. The Company follows accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
The balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017. The consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and as of September 30, 2018 are unaudited, and in the opinion of management, include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the results for interim periods. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Reference should be made to the Mastercard Incorporated Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for additional disclosures, including a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.
Non-controlling interest amounts are included in the consolidated statement of operations within other income (expense). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, activity from non-controlling interests was not material to the respective period results.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract - In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued accounting guidance which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. Companies are required to adopt this guidance either retrospectively or by prospectively applying the guidance to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is in the process of evaluating when it will adopt this guidance and the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Disclosure requirements for defined benefit plans - In August 2018, the FASB issued accounting guidance which modifies disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans by removing, modifying and adding certain disclosures. This guidance is required to be applied retrospectively and is effective for periods ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt this guidance effective December 31, 2018.
Disclosure requirements for fair value measurement - In August 2018, the FASB issued accounting guidance which modifies disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying and adding certain disclosures. This guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Companies are permitted to early adopt the removed or modified disclosures and delay adoption of added disclosures until the effective date. Companies are required to adopt the guidance for certain added disclosures prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption and all other amendments retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The Company is in the process of evaluating when it will adopt this guidance and the potential effects this guidance will have on its disclosures.


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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Income taxes - In March 2018, the FASB issued guidance allowing for the recognition of provisional amounts related to the 2017 U.S. tax reform (the “U.S. Tax Reform”) in the event that the accounting was not complete by the end of the period enacted. The provisional amounts can be updated within a one year measurement period with changes recorded as a component of income tax expense during the reporting period. This guidance was effective upon issuance. For a more detailed discussion, refer to Note 13 (Income Taxes) for further discussion.
Comprehensive income - In February 2018, the FASB issued accounting guidance that allows for a one-time reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the U.S. Tax Reform. The guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impacts this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and, at this time, does not expect the impacts to be material.
Derivatives and hedging - In August 2017, the FASB issued accounting guidance to improve and simplify existing guidance to allow companies to better reflect their risk management activities in the financial statements. The guidance expands the ability to account for nonfinancial and financial risk components under hedge accounting and eliminates the requirement to separately measure and recognize hedge ineffectiveness and eases requirements of an entity’s assessment of hedge effectiveness. This guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company currently does not account for its foreign currency derivative contracts under hedge accounting and does not expect the standard to have an impact to the Company. For a more detailed discussion of the Company’s foreign exchange risk management activities, refer to Note 16 (Foreign Exchange Risk Management).
Net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost - In March 2017, the FASB issued accounting guidance to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. Under this guidance, the service cost component is required to be reported in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees during the period. The other components of the net periodic benefit costs are required to be presented in the consolidated statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside of operating income. This guidance is required to be applied retrospectively and is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018, which did not result in a material impact on the Company’s current year consolidated financial statements. The Company did not apply this guidance retrospectively, as the impact was de minimis to the prior year consolidated financial statements.
Restricted cash - In November 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance to address diversity in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the consolidated statement of cash flows. Under this guidance, companies are required to present restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts shown on the consolidated statement of cash flows. This guidance is required to be applied retrospectively and is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018. In accordance with the adoption of this standard, the Company includes restricted cash, which currently consists primarily of restricted cash for litigation settlement and restricted security deposits held for customers in its reconciliation of beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts shown on the consolidated statement of cash flows.
Intra-entity asset transfers - In October 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance to simplify the accounting for income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Under this guidance, companies will be required to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity asset transfer when the transfer occurs. This guidance must be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the period of adoption. The guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018. Refer to Note 13 (Income Taxes) for further discussion. See the section in this note entitled Cumulative Effect of the Adopted Accounting Pronouncements for a summary of the cumulative impact of adopting this standard as of January 1, 2018.
Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance that will change how companies account for and present lease arrangements. This guidance requires companies to recognize leased assets and liabilities for both financing and operating leases. This guidance is effective for periods after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Companies are required to adopt the guidance using a modified retrospective approach by recognizing a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. In July 2018, the FASB provided companies with an option to apply the modified retrospective approach as of either the date of adoption or as of the earliest date presented. The Company expects to adopt this guidance effective January


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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


1, 2019 by applying the modified retrospective approach as of the date of adoption with the available practical expedients. The Company is in the process of evaluating the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Revenue recognition - In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting guidance that provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition requirements. Under this guidance, an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective transition method, applying the standard to contracts not completed as of January 1, 2018 and considered the aggregate amount of modifications. See the section in this note entitled Cumulative Effect of the Adopted Accounting Pronouncements for a summary of the cumulative impact of adopting this standard as of January 1, 2018.
This new revenue guidance impacts the timing of certain customer incentives recognized in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, as they are recognized over the life of the contract. Previously, such incentives were recognized when earned by the customer. The new revenue guidance also impacts the Company’s accounting recognition for certain market development fund contributions and expenditures. Historically, these items were recorded on a net basis in net revenue and will now be recognized on a gross basis, resulting in an increase to both revenues and expenses.


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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


The following tables summarize the impact of the revenue standard on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Balances excluding revenue standard
 
Impact of revenue standard
 
As reported
 
Balances excluding revenue standard
 
Impact of revenue standard
 
As reported
 
(in millions)
Net Revenue
$
3,798

 
$
100

 
$
3,898

 
$
10,831

 
$
312

 
$
11,143

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
1,235

 
1

 
1,236

 
3,688

 
(4
)
 
3,684

Advertising and marketing
208

 
27

 
235

 
568

 
126

 
694

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
2,192

 
72

 
2,264

 
5,799

 
190

 
5,989

Income tax expense
351

 
14

 
365

 
987

 
42

 
1,029

Net Income
1,841

 
58

 
1,899

 
4,812

 
148

 
4,960

 
September 30, 2018
 
Balances excluding revenue standard
 
Impact of revenue standard
 
As reported
 
(in millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
$
2,222

 
$
55

 
$
2,277

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
1,161

 
214

 
1,375

Deferred income taxes
590

 
(88
)
 
502

Other assets
2,055

 
870

 
2,925

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
1,013

 
(631
)
 
382

Accrued expenses
4,191

 
554

 
4,745

Other current liabilities
1,118

 
(145
)
 
973

Other liabilities
1,078

 
778

 
1,856

 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
 
 
 
 
 
Retained earnings
26,231

 
495

 
26,726

For a more detailed discussion on revenue recognition, refer to Note 3 (Revenue).


12
Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Cumulative Effect of the Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
The following table summarizes the cumulative impact of the changes made to the January 1, 2018 consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of the new accounting standards pertaining to revenue recognition and intra-entity asset transfers. The prior periods have not been restated and have been reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. During the second quarter of 2018, there was an adjustment to the impact of adopting the new revenue standard which increased liabilities $88 million with a corresponding tax-effected adjustment to retained earnings. In addition, certain reclassifications were made primarily between other assets, accrued expenses, and other liabilities. These revisions did not result in a material impact to the balances at January 1, 2018 or the consolidated financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2018.
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
 
Impact of revenue standard
 
Impact of intra-entity asset transfers standard
 
Balance at
January 1, 2018
 
(in millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
$
1,969

 
$
44

 
$
—

 
$
2,013

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
1,040

 
181

 
(17
)
 
1,204

Deferred income taxes
250

 
(69
)
 
186

 
367

Other assets
2,298

 
690

 
(352
)
 
2,636

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
933

 
(495
)
 
—

 
438

Accrued expenses
3,931

 
391

 
—

 
4,322

Other current liabilities
792

 
(44
)
 
—

 
748

Other liabilities
1,438

 
628

 
—

 
2,066

Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained earnings
22,364

 
366

 
(183
)
 
22,547

Note 2. Acquisitions
In 2017, the Company acquired businesses for total consideration of $1.5 billion. The Company has finalized the purchase accounting for businesses acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. For the final fair values of the purchase price allocations, as of the acquisition dates, refer to Note 2 (Acquisitions) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Note 3. Revenue
Mastercard’s business model involves four participants in addition to the Company: account holders, merchants, issuers (the account holders’ financial institutions) and acquirers (the merchants’ financial institutions). Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when services are performed in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Revenue recognized from domestic assessments, cross-border volume fees and transaction processing are derived from Mastercard’s payment network services. Revenue is generated by charging fees to issuers, acquirers and other stakeholders for providing switching services, as well as by assessing customers based primarily on the dollar volume of activity, or gross dollar volume, on the cards and other devices that carry the Company’s brands. Revenue is generally derived from transactional information accumulated by Mastercard’s systems or reported by customers. In addition, the Company recognizes revenue from other payment-related products and services in the period in which the related transactions occur or services are performed.
The price structure for Mastercard’s products and services is dependent on the nature of volumes, types of transactions and type of products and services offered to customers. Net revenue can be impacted by the following:
•
domestic or cross-border transactions
•
geographic region or country in which the transaction occurs


13
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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


•
volumes/transactions subject to tiered rates
•
processed or not processed by the Company
•
amount of usage of the Company’s other products or services
•
amount of rebates and incentives provided to customers
The Company classifies its net revenue into the following five categories:
Domestic assessments are fees charged to issuers and acquirers based primarily on the dollar volume of activity on cards and other devices that carry the Company’s brands where the acquirer country and the issuer country are the same. Revenue from domestic assessments are recorded as revenue in the period it is earned, which is when the related volume is generated on the cards or other devices that carry the Company’s brand.
Cross-border volume fees are charged to issuers and acquirers based on the dollar volume of activity on cards and other devices that carry the Company’s brands where the acquirer country and the issuer country are different. Revenue from cross-border volume are recorded as revenue in the period it is earned, which is when the related volume is generated on the cards or other devices that carry the Company’s brand.
Transaction processing revenue is recognized for both domestic and cross-border transactions in the period in which the related transactions occur. Transaction processing includes the following:
•
Switched transaction revenue is generated from the following products and services:
◦
Authorization is the process by which a transaction is routed to the issuer for approval. In certain circumstances, such as when the issuer’s systems are unavailable or cannot be contacted, Mastercard or others approve such transactions on behalf of the issuer in accordance with either the issuer’s instructions or applicable rules (also known as “stand-in”).
◦
Clearing is the determination and exchange of financial transaction information between issuers and acquirers after a transaction has been successfully conducted at the point of interaction. Transactions are cleared among customers through Mastercard’s central and regional processing systems.
◦
Settlement is facilitating the exchange of funds between parties.
•
Connectivity fees are charged to issuers, acquirers and other financial institutions for network access, equipment and the transmission of authorization and settlement messages. These fees are based on the size of the data being transmitted and the number of connections to the Company’s network.
•
Other processing fees include issuer and acquirer processing solutions; payment gateways for e-commerce merchants; mobile gateways for mobile initiated transactions; and safety and security.
Other revenues consist of value added service offerings that are typically sold with the Company’s payment service offerings and are recognized in the period in which the related services are performed or transactions occur. Other revenues include the following:
•
Consulting, data analytic and research fees.
•
Safety and security services fees are for products and services offered to prevent, detect and respond to fraud and to ensure the safety of transactions made primarily on Mastercard products.
•
Loyalty and rewards solutions fees are charged to issuers for benefits provided directly to consumers with Mastercard-branded cards, such as access to a global airline lounge network, global and local concierge services, individual insurance coverages, emergency card replacement, emergency cash advance services and a 24-hour cardholder service center. Loyalty and reward solution fees also include rewards campaigns and management services.
•
Program management services provided to prepaid card issuers consist of foreign exchange margin, commissions, load


14
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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


fees and ATM withdrawal fees paid by cardholders on the sale and encashment of prepaid cards.
•
Bank account-based payment services relating to automated clearing house (“ACH”) transactions and other ACH related services.
•
Other payment-related products and services, including account and transaction enhancement services, rules compliance and publications.
Rebates and incentives (contra-revenue) are provided to customers that meet certain volume targets and can be in the form of a rebate or other support incentives, which are tied to performance.  Rebates and incentives are recorded as a reduction of revenue when revenue is recognized, ratably over the contractual term.  In addition, Mastercard may make incentive payments to a customer directly related to entering into an agreement, which are generally capitalized and amortized over the life of the agreement on a straight-line basis.
The following table disaggregates the Company’s net revenue by source and geographic region for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
(in millions)
Revenue by source:
 
 
 
Domestic assessments
$
1,564

 
$
4,559

Cross-border volume fees
1,338

 
3,693

Transaction processing
1,912

 
5,449

Other revenues
819

 
2,352

Gross revenue
5,633

 
16,053

Rebates and incentives (contra-revenue)
(1,735
)
 
(4,910
)
Net revenue
$
3,898

 
$
11,143

 
 
 
 
Net revenue by geographic region:
 
 
 
North American Markets
$
1,361

 
$
3,940

International Markets
2,488

 
7,050

Other 1
49

 
153

Net revenue
$
3,898

 
$
11,143

1 Includes revenues managed by corporate functions.
Receivables from contracts with customers of $2,156 million and $1,873 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, are recorded within accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s customers are billed quarterly or more frequently dependent upon the nature of the performance obligation and the underlying contractual terms. The Company does not offer extended payment terms to customers.


15
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MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Contract assets include unbilled consideration typically resulting from executed consulting, data analytic and research services performed for customers in connection with Mastercard’s payment network service arrangements. Collection for these services typically occurs over the contractual term. These contract assets are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2018 in the amounts of $36 million and $77 million, respectively. The Company did not have contract assets at December 31, 2017.
The Company defers the recognition of revenue when consideration has been received prior to the satisfaction of performance obligations. As these performance obligations are satisfied, revenue is subsequently recognized. Deferred revenue is primarily derived from consulting, data analytic and research services. Deferred revenue is included in other current liabilities and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2018 in the amounts of $260 million and $111 million, respectively. The comparable amounts included in other current liabilities and other liabilities at December 31, 2017 were $230 million and $17 million, respectively. Revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $202 million and $570 million, respectively.
The Company’s remaining performance period for its contracts with customers for its payment network services are typically long-term in nature (generally up to 10 years). As a payment network service provider, the Company provides its customers with continuous access to its payment network and stands ready to provide transaction processing and related services over the contractual term. Consideration is variable based upon the number of transactions processed and volume activity on the cards and other devices that carry the Company’s brands. The Company has elected the optional exemption to not disclose the remaining performance obligations related to its payment network services. The Company also earns revenues from other value added services comprised of bank account-based payment services, consulting and research fees, loyalty programs and other payment-related products and services. At September 30, 2018, the estimated aggregate consideration allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations for these other value added services is $940 million, which is expected to be recognized through 2022. The estimated remaining performance obligations related to these revenues are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including termination clauses, modifications and adjustments for currency and are not expected to be material to any future annual period.
Note 4. Earnings Per Share
The components of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for common stock were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
1,899

 
$
1,430

 
$
4,960

 
$
3,688

Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
1,037

 
1,063

 
1,044

 
1,071

Dilutive stock options and stock units
6

 
5

 
6

 
4

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1
1,043

 
1,068

 
1,050

 
1,075

Earnings per Share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.83

 
$
1.34

 
$
4.75

 
$
3.45

Diluted
$
1.82

 
$
1.34

 
$
4.73

 
$
3.43


1 For the periods presented, the calculation of diluted EPS excluded a minimal amount of anti-dilutive share-based payment awards.
Note 5. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents include certain investments with daily liquidity and with a maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase. Cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximate fair value.


16
Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


The Company classifies cash and cash equivalents as restricted when the cash is unavailable for withdrawal or usage for general operations. The Company has the following types of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents balances:
•
Restricted cash for litigation settlement - The Company has restricted cash for litigation within a qualified settlement fund related to a preliminary settlement agreement for the U.S. merchant class litigation. The funds continue to be restricted for payments until the litigation matter is resolved. Refer to Note 14 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings).
•
Restricted security deposits held for customers - The Company requires collateral from certain customers for settlement of their transactions. The majority of collateral for settlement is in the form of standby letters of credit and bank guarantees which are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, the Company holds cash deposits and certificates of deposit from certain customers of Mastercard as collateral for settlement of their transactions, which are recorded as assets on the consolidated balance sheet. These assets are fully offset by corresponding liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet. These security deposits are typically held for the duration of the agreement with the customers.
•
Other restricted cash balances - The Company has other restricted cash balances which include contractually restricted deposits, as well as cash balances that are restricted based on the Company’s intention with regards to usage. These funds are classified on the consolidated balance sheet within prepaid expenses and other currents assets and other assets.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents reported within the statement of financial position that total to the beginning of period and end of period amounts shown in the statement of cash flows.
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
5,933

 
$
6,721

Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
 
 
 
Restricted cash for litigation settlement
546

 
543

Restricted security deposits held for customers
1,085

 
991

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
28

 
3

Other assets
—

 
15

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - beginning of period 1
$
7,592

 
$
8,273

 
 
 
 
 
September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
6,871

 
$
5,559

Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
 
 
 
Restricted cash for litigation settlement
550

 
545

Restricted security deposits held for customers
1,034

 
1,026

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
23

 
61

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - end of period 1
$
8,478

 
$
7,191

1 As shown on the consolidated statement of cash flows.


17
Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Note 6. Fair Value and Investment Securities
Financial Instruments – Recurring Measurements
The Company classifies its fair value measurements of financial instruments into a three-level hierarchy (the “Valuation Hierarchy”). There were no transfers made among the three levels in the Valuation Hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
The distribution of the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the Valuation Hierarchy were as follows:
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale 1:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal securities
$
—

 
$
16

 
$
—

 
$
16

 
$
—

 
$
17

 
$
—

 
$
17

Government and agency securities
52

 
91

 
—

 
143

 
81

 
104

 
—

 
185

Corporate securities
—

 
959

 
—

 
959

 
—

 
876

 
—

 
876

Asset-backed securities
—

 
180

 
—

 
180

 
—

 
70

 
—

 
70

Equity securities
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

Derivative instruments 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency derivative assets
—

 
37

 
—

 
37

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
6

Deferred compensation plan 3:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation assets
61

 
—

 
—

 
61

 
55

 
—

 
—

 
55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency derivative liabilities
$
—

 
$
(5
)
 
$
—

 
$
(5
)
 
$
—

 
$
(30
)
 
$
—

 
$
(30
)
Deferred compensation plan 4:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation liabilities
(62
)
 
—

 
—

 
(62
)
 
(54
)
 
—

 
—

 
(54
)
1 The Company’s U.S. government securities and marketable equity securities are classified within Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets. The fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale municipal securities, government and agency securities, corporate securities and asset-backed securities are based on observable inputs such as quoted prices, benchmark yields and issuer spreads for similar assets in active markets and are therefore included in Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy.
2 The Company’s foreign currency derivative asset and liability contracts have been classified within Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair value is based on observable inputs such as broker quotes relating to foreign currency exchange rates for similar derivative instruments. See Note 16 (Foreign Exchange Risk Management) for further details.
3 The Company has a nonqualified deferred compensation plan where assets are invested primarily in mutual funds held in a rabbi trust, which is restricted for payments to participants of the plan. The Company has elected to use the fair value option for these mutual funds, which are measured using quoted prices of identical instruments in active markets and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
4 The deferred compensation liabilities are measured at fair value based on the quoted prices of instruments identical to the investment vehicles selected by the participants. They are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.


18
Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Settlement and Other Guarantee Liabilities
The Company estimates the fair value of its settlement and other guarantees using market assumptions for relevant though not directly comparable undertakings, as the latter are not observable in the market given the proprietary nature of such guarantees. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the carrying value and fair value of settlement and other guarantee liabilities were not material and accordingly are not included in the Valuation Hierarchy table above. Settlement and other guarantee liabilities are classified within Level 3 of the Valuation Hierarchy as their valuation requires substantial judgment and estimation of factors that are not observable in the market. See Note 15 (Settlement and Other Risk Management) for additional information regarding the Company’s settlement and other guarantee liabilities.
Financial Instruments - Non-Recurring Measurements
Held-to-Maturity Securities
Investments on the consolidated balance sheet include both available-for-sale and short-term held-to-maturity securities. Held-to-maturity securities are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are not included in the Valuation Hierarchy table above. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company held $323 million and $700 million, respectively, of held-to-maturity securities due within one year. The cost of these securities approximates fair value.
Nonmarketable Equity Investments
The Company’s nonmarketable equity investments are measured at fair value at initial recognition and for impairment testing. In addition, nonmarketable equity investments accounted for under the cost method of accounting are adjusted for changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investments of the same issuer. Nonmarketable equity investments are classified within Level 3 of the Valuation Hierarchy due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity, and the fact that inputs used to measure fair value are unobservable and require management’s judgment. The Company uses discounted cash flows and market assumptions to estimate the fair value of its nonmarketable equity investments when certain events or circumstances indicate that impairment may exist. These investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet and in Note 7 (Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets).
Debt
The Company estimates the fair value of its long-term debt based on market quotes. These debt instruments are not traded in active markets and are classified within Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy. At September 30, 2018, the carrying value and fair value of total long-term debt outstanding (including the current portion) was $6.4 billion. At December 31, 2017, the carrying value and fair value of long-term debt was $5.4 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively.
Other Financial Instruments
Certain financial instruments are carried on the consolidated balance sheet at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term, highly liquid nature. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, settlement due from customers, restricted security deposits held for customers, accounts payable, settlement due to customers and other accrued liabilities.
Non-Financial Instruments
Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for purposes of initial recognition and impairment testing. The Company’s non-financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets. These assets are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment.


19
Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


The contingent consideration attributable to acquisitions made in 2017 is primarily based on the achievement of 2018 revenue targets. This contingent consideration liability is included in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and is classified within Level 3 of the Valuation Hierarchy due to the absence of quoted market prices. The activity of the Company’s contingent consideration liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
219

Net change in valuation
14

Payments
(5
)
Foreign currency translation
(7
)
Balance at September 30, 2018
$
221

Amortized Costs and Fair Values – Available-for-Sale Investment Securities
The major classes of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities, for which unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, and their respective amortized cost basis and fair values as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$
16

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
16

 
$
17

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
17

Government and agency securities
143

 
—

 
—

 
143

 
185

 
—

 
—

 
185

Corporate securities
959

 
1

 
(1
)
 
959

 
875

 
2

 
(1
)
 
876

Asset-backed securities
180

 
—

 
—

 
180

 
70

 
—

 
—

 
70

Equity securities
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

Total
$
1,298

 
$
2

 
$
(1
)
 
$
1,299

 
$
1,147

 
$
3

 
$
(1
)
 
$
1,149

The Company’s available-for-sale investment securities held at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 primarily carried a credit rating of A- or better. The municipal securities are primarily comprised of state tax-exempt bonds and are diversified across states and sectors. Government and agency securities include U.S. government bonds, U.S. government sponsored agency bonds and foreign government bonds with similar credit quality to that of the U.S. government bonds. Corporate securities are comprised of commercial paper and corporate bonds. The asset-backed securities are investments in bonds which are collateralized primarily by automobile loan receivables.


20
Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Investment Maturities
The maturity distribution based on the contractual terms of the Company’s investment securities at September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
Available-For-Sale
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
(in millions)
Due within 1 year
$
356

 
$
356

Due after 1 year through 5 years
942

 
942

Due after 5 years through 10 years
—

 
—

Due after 10 years
—

 
—

No contractual maturity 1
—

 
1

Total
$
1,298

 
$
1,299

1 Equity securities have been included in the no contractual maturity category, as these securities do not have stated maturity dates.
Investment Income
Investment income primarily consists of interest income generated from cash, cash equivalents and investments. Gross realized gains and losses are recorded within investment income on the consolidated statement of operations. The gross realized gains and losses from the sales of available-for-sale securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were not significant.
Note 7. Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
700

 
$
464

Prepaid income taxes
71

 
77

Other
604

 
499

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
1,375

 
$
1,040

Other assets consisted of the following:
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
2,248

 
$
1,434

Nonmarketable equity investments
279

 
249

Prepaid income taxes
—

 
352

Income taxes receivable
201

 
178

Other
197

 
85

Total other assets
$
2,925

 
$
2,298

Customer and merchant incentives represent payments made or amounts to be paid to customers and merchants under business agreements. Costs directly related to entering into such an agreement are generally deferred and amortized over the life of the agreement. Amounts to be paid for these incentives and the related liability were included in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The increase in customer and merchant incentives and the decrease in prepaid income taxes at September 30, 2018 from December 31, 2017 are primarily due to the impact from the adoption of the new accounting standards pertaining to revenue recognition and intra-entity asset transfers, respectively. See Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) for additional information on the cumulative impact of the adoption of these accounting pronouncements.


21
Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Nonmarketable equity investments represent the Company’s cost and equity method investments.
Note 8. Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
3,367

 
$
2,648

Personnel costs
599

 
613

Advertising
84

 
88

Income and other taxes
336

 
194

Other
359

 
388

Total accrued expenses
$
4,745

 
$
3,931

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s provision for litigation was $920 million and $709 million, respectively. These amounts are not included in the accrued expenses table above and are separately reported as accrued litigation on the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 14 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) for additional information regarding the Company’s accrued litigation.


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Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Note 9. Debt
Total debt outstanding consisted of the following at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
Notes
 
Issuance
Date
 
Interest Payment Terms
 
Maturity
Date
 
Aggregate Principal Amount
 
Stated
Interest Rate
 
Effective
Interest Rate
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions, except percentages)
2018 USD Notes
 
February 2018
 
Semi-annually
 
2028
 
$
500

 
3.500
%
 
3.598
%
 
$
500

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
2048
 
500

 
3.950
%
 
3.990
%
 
500

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016 USD Notes
 
November 2016
 
Semi-annually
 
2021
 
$
650

 
2.000
%
 
2.236
%
 
650

 
650

 
 
 
 
 
 
2026
 
750

 
2.950
%
 
3.044
%
 
750

 
750

 
 
 
 
 
 
2046
 
600

 
3.800
%
 
3.893
%
 
600

 
600

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015 Euro Notes
 
December 2015
 
Annually
 
2022
 
€
700

 
1.100
%
 
1.265
%
 
813

 
839

 
 
 
 
 
 
2027
 
800

 
2.100
%
 
2.189
%
 
929

 
958

 
 
 
 
 
 
2030
 
150

 
2.500
%
 
2.562
%
 
174

 
180

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
€
1,650

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2014 USD Notes
 
March 2014
 
Semi-annually
 
2019
 
$
500

 
2.000
%
 
2.178
%
 
500

 
500

 
 
 
 
 
 
2024
 
1,000

 
3.375
%
 
3.484
%
 
1,000

 
1,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,500

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,416

 
5,477

Less: Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs
 
(58
)
 
(53
)
Total debt outstanding
 
6,358

 
5,424

Less: Current portion1 
 
(500
)
 
—

Long-term debt
 
$
5,858

 
$
5,424

1 Relates to the current portion of the 2014 USD Notes, due in April 2019, classified as current portion of long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet.
In February 2018, the Company issued $500 million principal amount of notes due February 2028 and $500 million principal amount of notes due February 2048 (collectively the “2018 USD Notes”). The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2018 USD Notes, after deducting the original issue discount, underwriting discount and offering expenses, were $991 million.
The net proceeds, after deducting the original issue discount, underwriting discount and offering expenses, from the issuance of the 2016 USD Notes, the 2015 Euro Notes and the 2014 USD Notes, were $1.969 billion, $1.723 billion and $1.484 billion, respectively.
None of the outstanding debt, described above, is subject to financial covenants and may be redeemed in whole, or in part, at the Company’s option at any time for a specified make-whole amount. These notes are senior unsecured obligations and would rank equally with any future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The proceeds of the notes are to be used for general corporate purposes.
In November 2015, the Company established a commercial paper program (the “Commercial Paper Program”) under which it is authorized to issue up to $3.75 billion in outstanding notes, with maturities up to 397 days from the date of issuance. The Commercial Paper Program is available in U.S. dollars.


23
Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


In conjunction with the Commercial Paper Program, the Company entered into a committed unsecured $3.75 billion revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). Borrowings under the Credit Facility are available in U.S. dollars and/or euros. In October 2017, the Company extended the Credit Facility for an additional year to October 2022. The extension did not result in any material changes to the terms and conditions of the Credit Facility. The facility fee and borrowing cost under the Credit Facility are based upon the Company’s credit rating. At September 30, 2018, the applicable facility fee was 8 basis points on the average daily commitment (whether or not utilized). In addition to the facility fee, interest on borrowings under the Credit Facility would be charged at the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin of 79.5 basis points, or an alternative base rate. The Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties, events of default and affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant limiting the maximum level of consolidated debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). The Company was in compliance in all material respects with the covenants of the Credit Facility at September 30, 2018. The majority of Credit Facility lenders are customers or affiliates of customers of the Company.
Borrowings under the Commercial Paper Program and the Credit Facility are used to provide liquidity for general corporate purposes, including providing liquidity in the event of one or more settlement failures by the Company’s customers. The Company may borrow and repay amounts under the Commercial Paper Program and Credit Facility from time to time. The Company had no borrowings under the Credit Facility and the Commercial Paper Program at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
In March 2018, the Company filed a universal shelf registration statement (replacing a previously filed shelf registration statement that was set to expire) to provide additional access to capital, if needed. Pursuant to the shelf registration statement, the Company may from time to time offer to sell debt securities, guarantees of debt securities, preferred stock, Class A common stock, depository shares, purchase contracts, units or warrants in one or more offerings.
Note 10. Stockholders’ Equity
The Company’s Board of Directors has approved share repurchase programs authorizing the Company to repurchase its Class A common stock. These programs become effective after the completion of the previously authorized share repurchase program.


24
Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


The following table summarizes the Company’s share repurchase authorizations of its Class A common stock through September 30, 2018, as well as historical purchases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Board authorization dates
December
2017
 
December
2016
 
December
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date program became effective
March
2018
 
April
2017
 
February 2016
 
Total
 
(in millions, except average price data)
Board authorization
$
4,000

 
$
4,000

 
$
4,000

 
$
12,000

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2017
$
—

 
$
1,735

 
$
996

 
$
2,731

Remaining authorization at December 31, 2017
$
4,000

 
$
1,234

 
$
—

 
$
5,234

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2018
$
2,811

 
$
1,234

 
$
—

 
$
4,045

Remaining authorization at September 30, 2018
$
1,189

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,189

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2017
—

 
14.0

 
9.1

 
23.1

Average price paid per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2017
$
—

 
$
123.81

 
$
109.16

 
$
118.03

Shares repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2018
14.6

 
7.2

 
—

 
21.8

Average price paid per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2018
$
192.82

 
$
171.11

 
$
—

 
$
185.64

Cumulative shares repurchased through September 30, 2018
14.6

 
28.2

 
40.4

 
83.2

Cumulative average price paid per share
$
192.82

 
$
141.99

 
$
99.10

 
$
130.07

The following table presents the changes in the Company’s outstanding Class A and Class B common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
 
Outstanding Shares
 
Class A
 
Class B
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2017
1,039.7

 
14.1

Purchases of treasury stock
(21.8
)
 
—

Share-based payments
2.6

 
—

Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock
2.2

 
(2.2
)
Balance at September 30, 2018
1,022.7

 
11.9



25
Table of Contents
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Note 11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments 1
 
Translation Adjustments on Net Investment Hedge 2
 
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
 
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
(949
)
 
$
12

 
$
11

 
$
2

 
$
(924
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period 3
515

 
(132
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
382

Balance at September 30, 2017
$
(434
)
 
$
(120
)
 
$
10

 
$
2


$
(542
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
(382
)
 
$
(141
)
 
$
25

 
$
1

 
$