UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
¨ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
or
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008
or
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
or
¨ | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Date of event requiring this shell company report
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 0-28564
QIAGEN N.V.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
n/a
(Translation of Registrants name in English)
The Netherlands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Spoorstraat 50
5911 KJ Venlo
The Netherlands
011-31-77-320-8400
(Address of principal executive offices)
Roland Sackers, Tel: (240) 686-7700, Fax: (240) 686-7772
QIAGEN N.V., 19300 Germantown Rd. Germantown, Maryland 20874
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of class: Common Shares, par value EUR 0.01 per share |
Name of each exchange on which registered: NASDAQ Stock Market LLC |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
The number of outstanding Common Shares as of December 31, 2008 was 197,839,113.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. x Yes ¨ No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. ¨ Yes x No
NoteChecking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
x | U.S. GAAP |
¨ | International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board |
¨ | Other |
If Other has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:
¨ | Item 17 |
¨ | Item 18 |
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No
Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to we, us, our, the Company or to QIAGEN are to QIAGEN N.V. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Our name together with our logo is registered as a trademark in the United States and a number of other countries: QIAGEN®. Other trademarks registered in the United States and in other countries include, inter alia: QIAexpress®, QIAwell®, QIAEX® , QIAprep®, QIAamp®, QIAquick®, Oligotex®, RNeasy®, BIOROBOT®, ENDOFREE®, R.E.A.L.®, PolyFect®, SuperFect®, DNeasy®, UltraFect®, TurboFilter®, HotStarTaq®, agAttract®, DirectPrep®, InhibitEX®, DoubleTag®, QuantiScript®, UltraSens®, pAlliance®, MinElute®, EverGene®, ProofStart®, FlexiGene®, QuantiTect®, DNAprotect®, RNAprotect® and LiquiChip®, LabelStar®, EasyXpress®, RNAiFect®, BioSprint®, TISSUERUPTOR®, THE SAMPLE & ASSAY COMPANY®, QIAGEN THE SAMPLE & ASSAY COMPANY®, QIAGEN SAMPLE & ASSAY TECHNOLGIES® , QIACUBE®, QIASYMPHONY®.
In 2008, 11 trademark applications were filed in Germany, Countries of the European Community, Japan, Canada and the United States of America such as Allprotect, Rod Covers®, Cartridges® , Artus®, Type-it®, Bisulfitome®, QIAGEN Device Management Service, QIAGEN Silver Logo, QIAgilty, PyroMark and PyroTect.
This Annual Report on Form 20-F may also contain trade names or trademarks of companies other than QIAGEN.
EXCHANGE RATES
QIAGEN publishes its financial statements in U.S. dollars. In this Annual Report on Form 20-F, references to dollars or $ are to U.S. dollars, and references to EUR or the euro are to the European Monetary Union euro. Except as otherwise stated herein, all monetary amounts in this Annual Report on Form 20-F have been presented in U.S. dollars.
The exchange rate used for the euro was the noon buying rate of the euro in New York City for cable transfers in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Board of New York. This rate at March 20, 2009, was $1.3566 per EUR 1.
For information regarding the effects of currency fluctuations on our results, see Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
PART I | ||||
Page | ||||
Item 1. |
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Item 2. |
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Item 3. |
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Item 4. |
19 | |||
Item 4A. |
31 | |||
Item 5. |
32 | |||
Item 6. |
48 | |||
Item 7. |
57 | |||
Item 8. |
58 | |||
Item 9. |
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Item 10. |
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Item 11. |
76 | |||
Item 12. |
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PART II | ||||
Item 13. |
78 | |||
Item 14. |
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds |
78 | ||
Item 15. |
78 | |||
Item 16A. |
79 | |||
Item 16B. |
79 | |||
Item 16C. |
79 | |||
Item 16D. |
80 | |||
Item 16E. |
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers |
80 | ||
Item 16F. |
80 | |||
Item 16G. |
80 | |||
PART III | ||||
Item 17. |
83 | |||
Item 18. |
83 | |||
Item 19. |
83 | |||
85 |
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Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors
Not applicable.
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.
The selected consolidated financial data below should be read in conjunction with Operating and Financial Review and Prospects and the Consolidated Financial Statements, notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. The selected consolidated statements of income data for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2008 and 2007 are derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements of QIAGEN which have been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, and are included herein. The selected consolidated statements of income data presented for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, is derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included herein.
Selected Financial Data
The information below should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) and Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Income Data: (amounts in thousands, except per share data) |
||||||||||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 892,975 | $ | 649,774 | $ | 465,778 | $ | 398,395 | $ | 380,629 | ||||||||
Cost of sales |
293,285 | 216,227 | 147,303 | 126,513 | 128,528 | |||||||||||||
Gross profit |
599,690 | 433,547 | 318,475 | 271,882 | 252,101 | |||||||||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
97,331 | 64,935 | 41,560 | 35,780 | 34,351 | |||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
227,408 | 164,690 | 115,942 | 94,312 | 87,506 | |||||||||||||
General and administrative, integration and other costs |
113,936 | 87,178 | 56,087 | 43,336 | 46,104 | |||||||||||||
Acquisition related intangible amortization |
14,368 | 7,711 | 2,085 | 378 | | |||||||||||||
Purchased in-process research and development |
985 | 25,900 | 2,200 | 3,239 | | |||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
454,028 | 350,414 | 217,874 | 177,045 | 167,961 | |||||||||||||
Income from operations |
145,662 | 83,133 | 100,601 | 94,837 | 84,140 | |||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net |
(26,376 | ) | (7,407 | ) | 5,467 | 2,427 | (11,453 | ) | ||||||||||
Income before provision for income taxes and minority interest |
119,286 | 75,726 | 106,068 | 97,264 | 72,687 | |||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
29,762 | 25,555 | 35,529 | 35,039 | 23,982 | |||||||||||||
Minority interest |
491 | 49 | | | | |||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 89,033 | $ | 50,122 | $ | 70,539 | $ | 62,225 | $ | 48,705 | ||||||||
Basic net income per Common Share(1) |
$ | 0.45 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.47 | $ | 0.42 | $ | 0.33 | ||||||||
Diluted net income per Common Share(1) |
$ | 0.44 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.46 | $ | 0.41 | $ | 0.33 | ||||||||
Weighted average number of Common Shares used to compute basic net income per Common Share |
196,804 | 168,457 | 149,504 | 147,837 | 146,658 | |||||||||||||
Weighted average number of Common Shares used to compute diluted net income per Common Share |
204,259 | 175,959 | 153,517 | 150,172 | 148,519 |
(1) | See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the computation of the weighted average number of Common Shares. |
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As of December 31, | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: (amounts in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 333,313 | $ | 347,320 | $ | 430,357 | $ | 191,700 | $ | 196,375 | |||||
Working capital |
$ | 441,180 | $ | 482,215 | $ | 566,660 | $ | 278,586 | $ | 299,029 | |||||
Total assets |
$ | 2,885,323 | $ | 2,775,174 | $ | 1,212,012 | $ | 765,298 | $ | 714,599 | |||||
Total long-term liabilities, including current portion |
$ | 1,431,479 | $ | 1,220,084 | $ | 536,738 | $ | 230,086 | $ | 234,138 | |||||
Total shareholders equity |
$ | 1,453,844 | $ | 1,391,575 | $ | 566,165 | $ | 450,457 | $ | 400,376 | |||||
Common Shares |
$ | 2,212 | $ | 2,175 | $ | 1,535 | $ | 1,513 | $ | 1,495 | |||||
Shares outstanding |
197,839 | 195,335 | 150,168 | 148,456 | 147,020 |
Risk Factors
Note regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors
Our future operating results may be affected by various risk factors, many of which are beyond our control. Certain of the statements included in this Annual Report and the documents incorporated herein by reference may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding potential future net sales, gross profit, net income and liquidity. These statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as believe, hope, plan, intend, seek, may, will, could, should, would, expect, anticipate, estimate, continue or other similar words. Reference is made in particular to the description of our plans and objectives for future operations, assumptions underlying such plans and objectives, and other forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on managements current expectations and are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. We caution investors that there can be no assurance that actual results or business conditions will not differ materially from those projected or suggested in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. Factors which could cause such results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements include those set forth in the risk factors below. As a result, our future success involves a high degree of risk. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind that the risk factors could cause our actual results to differ significantly from those contained in any forward-looking statement.
Risks Related to Our Business
An inability to manage our growth, manage the expansion of our operations, or successfully integrate acquired businesses could adversely affect our business.
Our business has grown rapidly, with total net revenues increasing from $380.6 million in 2004 to $893.0 million in 2008. Recently, we have made several acquisitions, including our acquisition of Corbett Life Science Pte. Ltd (Corbett) in July 2008 and Digene Corporation in July 2007, and may acquire additional businesses in the future. The successful integration of acquired businesses requires a significant effort and expense across all operational areas, including sales and marketing, research and development, manufacturing, finance and administration and information technologies.
In January 2009 we purchased land adjacent to our facility in Germany and are in the planning stage to further expand the German facilities for research and development and production space beginning in 2009 and continuing through 2011. In addition, we are planning for expansions at our Germantown, Maryland facility for production and administrative space, construction on which may begin in late 2009 and continue through 2011. Such expansions increase fixed costs. These higher fixed costs will continue to be a cost of operations in the future, and until we fully utilize the additional capacity of the facilities, our gross profit and operating income will be negatively impacted. We also continue to upgrade our operating and financial systems and expand the
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geographic area of our operations, resulting in the hiring of new employees, as well as increased responsibility for both existing and new management personnel. The rapid expansion of our business and addition of new personnel may place a strain on our management and operational systems.
Our future operating results will depend on the ability of our management to continue to implement and improve our research, product development, manufacturing, sales and marketing and customer support programs, enhance our operational and financial control systems, expand, train and manage our employee base, integrate acquired businesses, and effectively address new issues related to our growth as they arise. There can be no assurance that we will be able to manage our recent or any future expansion or acquisition successfully, and any inability to do so could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our acquisitions expose us to new risks, and we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of acquisitions of technologies and businesses.
During the past several years we have acquired a number of companies, including our acquisition of Corbett in July 2008 and Digene Corporation in July 2007, through which we have gained access to technologies and products that complement our internally developed product lines. In the future, we may acquire additional technologies, products or businesses to expand our existing and planned business. Acquisitions, including our acquisition of Corbett and Digene, expose us to the addition of new operating and other risks including the risks associated with the:
| assimilation of new technologies, operations, sites and personnel; |
| application for and achievement of regulatory approvals or other clearances; |
| diversion of resources from our existing business and technologies; |
| generation of revenues to offset associated acquisition costs; |
| implementation and maintenance of uniform standards and effective controls and procedures; |
| maintenance of relationships with employees and customers and integration of new management personnel; |
| issuance of dilutive equity securities; |
| incurrence or assumption of debt; |
| amortization or impairment of acquired intangible assets or potential businesses; and |
| exposure to liabilities of and claims against acquired entities. |
Our failure to address the above risks successfully in the future may prevent us from achieving the anticipated benefits from any acquisition in a reasonable time frame, or at all.
Our continued growth is dependent on the development and success of new products.
Rapid technological change and frequent new product introductions are typical in the markets we serve. Our future success will depend in part on continuous, timely development and introduction of new products that address evolving market requirements. We believe successful new product introductions provide a significant competitive advantage because customers make an investment of time in selecting and learning to use a new product and are reluctant to switch thereafter. To the extent that we fail to introduce new and innovative products, or such products are not accepted in the market, we may lose market share to our competitors which will be difficult or impossible to regain. An inability, for technological or other reasons, to successfully develop and introduce new products could reduce our growth rate or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business. In the past, we have experienced, and are likely to experience in the future, delays in the development and introduction of products. We cannot assure you that we will keep pace with the rapid rate of change in our
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markets or that our new products will adequately meet the requirements of the marketplace or achieve market acceptance. Some of the factors affecting market acceptance of new products include:
| availability, quality and price relative to competitive products; |
| the timing of introduction of the new product relative to competitive products; |
| opinions of the new products utility; |
| citation of the new product in published research; |
| regulatory trends and approvals; and |
| general trends in life sciences research, applied markets and molecular diagnostics. |
The expenses or losses associated with unsuccessful product development activities or lack of market acceptance of our new products could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Global economic conditions could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our results of operations could be materially affected by general conditions in the global economy and in the global financial markets. The global financial crisis has caused extreme volatility and disruptions in the capital and credit markets. Therefore, access to financing has been adversely affected for many borrowers. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business, including:
| reductions or delays in planned improvements to the healthcare systems and research funding or cost-containment efforts by governments and private organizations that could lead to a reduction in future revenues, operating income and cash from operations; |
| severely limited access to financing over an extended period of time, which may limit our ability to fund our growth strategy could result in a need to delay capital expenditures, acquisitions or research and development projects; |
| further failures of currently solvent financial institutions, which may cause losses from our short-term cash investments or our hedging transactions due to a counterpartys inability to fulfill its payment obligations; |
| inability to refinance existing debt at competitive rates, reasonable terms or sufficient amounts; and |
| increased volatility or adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. |
We depend on patents and proprietary rights that may fail to protect our business.
Our success will depend to a large extent on our ability to develop proprietary products and technologies and to establish and protect our patent and trademark rights in these products and technologies. As of December 31, 2008, we owned 151 issued patents in the United States, 96 issued patents in Germany and 510 issued patents in other major industrialized countries. In addition, at December 31, 2008, we had 799 pending patent applications, and we intend to file applications for additional patents as our products and technologies are developed.
The patent positions of technology-based companies, including QIAGEN, involve complex legal and factual questions and may be uncertain, and the laws governing the scope of patent coverage and the periods of enforceability of patent protection are subject to change. In addition, patent applications in the United States are maintained in secrecy until patents issue, and publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature tend to lag behind actual discoveries by several months. Therefore, no assurance can be given that patents will issue
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from any patent applications that we own or license or if patents do issue, that the claims allowed will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. In addition, no assurance can be given that any issued patents that we own or license will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that the rights granted thereunder will provide us competitive advantages. Further, as issued patents expire, we may lose some competitive advantage as others develop competing products and as a result, we may lose revenue.
A significant portion of our HPV-related intellectual property is in the public domain, while additional HPV-related intellectual property is subject to patents some of which will begin to expire in the next few years or are licensed to us on a non-exclusive basis. As a result, we believe other companies are developing or may develop HPV detection tests.
Certain of our products incorporate patents and technologies that are licensed from third parties and for certain products, these in-licensed patents together with other patents provide us with a competitive advantage. These licenses impose various commercialization, sublicensing and other obligations on us. Our failure to comply with these requirements could result in the conversion of the applicable license from being exclusive to non-exclusive in nature or, in some cases, termination of the license and as a result we may lose some competitive advantage and experience a loss of revenue.
We also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how, which we seek to protect through confidentiality agreements with our employees and consultants. There can be no assurance that any confidentiality agreements that we have with our employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors will provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or adequate remedies in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information. There also can be no assurance that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors.
We currently engage in, and may continue to engage in, collaborations with academic researchers and institutions. There can be no assurance that under the terms of such collaborations, third parties will not acquire rights in certain inventions developed during the course of the performance of such collaborations.
Our concentration of a large amount of revenues in a single product and a small number of customers for that product increases our dependence on that products success, our reliance on our relationship with each of those customers, and our reliance on a diversification strategy.
Following our acquisition of Digene Corporation, we believe that revenue from sales of our HPV test product may represent as much as 30% of our total revenues. While the ultimate decision to order that test is made by the patient in consultation with her physician, the test is performed by reference laboratories. At present, sales to a limited number of reference laboratories account for the majority of our revenues for that product. A significant reduction in sales of this product may have a significant adverse impact on our earnings. Further, the cost of HPV testing is reimbursed to the reference laboratories by insurance providers and healthcare maintenance organizations. If these insurance companies decide to limit the availability of payments for our test to their members, it could have a significant adverse impact on our revenues. It is possible that our dependence on revenues from this product and those customers will continue in the future. If we fail to diversify our product line and customer base for this product, we continue to be at risk that the loss or under-performance of a single product or customer may materially affect our earnings.
Our sales of HPV products and our growth will also depend on continued increases in the acceptance of and the market for HPV screening by physicians and laboratories.
Our sales of HPV products and our ability to increase sales of HPV products depend upon continued and increasing acceptance by physicians and laboratories of HPV screening as a necessary part of the standard of care for cervical cancer screening and more specifically, of our HPV test products as a primary cervical cancer
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screening method, either alone or in conjunction with Pap tests and the implementation of prophylactic HPV vaccinations. Pap tests have been the principal means of cervical cancer screening since the 1940s. Technological advances designed to improve quality control over sample collection and preservation and to reduce the Pap tests susceptibility to human error may increase physician reliance on the Pap test and solidify its market position as the most widely used screen for cervical cancer. Currently, approximately 60 million Pap tests are performed annually in the United States and we believe that 60 to 100 million are performed annually in the rest of the world.
HPV testing applies a new molecular-based technology and testing approach that is different from the cytology-based (reviewing cells, for instance, under a microscope) approach of the Pap test. Significant resources are required to educate physicians and laboratories about the patient benefits that can result from using HPV test products in addition to the Pap test, and to assist laboratory customers in learning how to use our HPV test products. Using our HPV test products along with the Pap test for primary screening in the United States may be seen by some of these customers as adding unnecessary expense to the generally accepted cervical cancer screening methodology, and therefore, we continually need to provide information to counteract this impression on a case-by-case basis. If we are not successful in executing our marketing strategies, we may not be able to maintain or continue to grow our market share for HPV testing.
Direct-to-consumer (DTC) awareness marketing programs including television advertisements are used because a well educated female population will work with their health care providers to increase the use of the HPV test. If we are not successful in continuing to execute this marketing program, we may not be able to maintain or continue to increase the sales of our HPV tests to the extent we desire.
We are working with physician and laboratory customers and with others to develop and establish the role HPV screening will play in addition to and in conjunction with HPV vaccination. If we are not successful in this endeavor, we may not be able to maintain or grow the market for HPV screening or maintain or increase our HPV test revenues.
We are subject to risks associated with patent litigation.
The biotechnology industry has been characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. We are aware that patents have been applied for and/or issued to third parties claiming technologies for the separation and purification of nucleic acids that are closely related to those we use. From time to time we receive inquiries requesting confirmation that we do not infringe patents of third parties. We endeavor to follow developments in this field, and we do not believe that our technologies or products infringe any proprietary rights of third parties. However, there can be no assurance that third parties will not challenge our activities and, if so challenged, that we will prevail. In addition, the patent and proprietary rights of others could require that we alter our products or processes, pay licensing fees or cease certain activities, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to license any technologies that we may require on acceptable terms. In addition, litigation, including proceedings that may be declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or the International Trade Commission, may be necessary to respond to any assertions of infringement, enforce our patent rights and/or determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights or those of third parties. Litigation could involve substantial cost, and there can be no assurance that we would prevail in any such proceedings.
Our ability to accurately forecast our results during each quarter may be negatively impacted by the fact that a substantial percentage of our sales may be recorded in the final weeks or days of the quarter.
The markets we serve are characterized by a high percentage of purchase orders being received in the final few weeks or even days of each quarter. Although this varies from quarter to quarter, many customers make a large portion of their purchase decisions late in each fiscal quarter, as both their budgets and requirements for the coming quarter become clearer. As a result, even late in each fiscal quarter, we cannot predict with certainty
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whether our revenue forecasts for the quarter will be achieved. Historically, we have been able to rely on the overall pattern of customer purchase orders during prior periods to project with reasonable accuracy our anticipated sales for the current or coming quarters. However, if our customers purchases during a quarter vary from historical patterns, our final quarterly results could deviate significantly from our projections. Consequently, our revenue forecasts for any given quarter may prove not to have been accurate. We may not have enough information as a result of such patterns to confirm or revise our sales projections during a quarter. If we fail to achieve our forecasted revenues for a particular quarter, our stock price could be adversely affected.
Our operating results may vary significantly from period to period.
Our operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year, depending on factors such as the level and timing of our customers research and commercialization efforts, the timing of our customers funding, the timing of our research and development and sales and marketing expenses, the introduction of new products by us or our competitors, competitive conditions, exchange rate fluctuations and general economic conditions. Our expense levels are based in part on our expectations as to future revenues. Consequently, revenues or profits may vary significantly from quarter to quarter or from year to year, and revenues and profits in any interim period will not necessarily be indicative of results in subsequent periods.
Competition could reduce sales.
Our primary competition stems from traditional or home-brew methods that utilize widely available reagents and other chemicals to perform sample and assay processing steps. We are also aware that a significant number of laboratory organizations and other companies are developing and using internally developed molecular tests. These tests, in particular if approved by the FDA or similar non-U.S. regulatory authorities, might offer an alternative to our products that could limit the laboratory customer base for our products. The success of our business depends in part on the continued conversion of current users of such traditional methods and home brew tests to our sample and assay technologies and products. There can be no assurance, however, as to how quickly such conversion will occur.
We also have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, increasing competition in various segments of our business from companies providing competitive pre-analytical and other products. The markets for certain of our products are very competitive and price sensitive. Other product suppliers have significant financial, operational, sales and marketing resources, and experience in research and development. These and other companies may have developed or could in the future develop new technologies that compete with our products or even render our products obsolete. If a competitor develops superior technology or cost-effective alternatives to our kits and other products, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
We believe that customers in the market for pre-analytical solutions and assay technologies display a significant amount of loyalty to their initial supplier of a particular product. Therefore, it may be difficult to generate sales to customers who have purchased products from competitors. To the extent we are unable to be the first to develop and supply new products, our competitive position may suffer.
Reduction in research and development budgets and government funding may result in reduced sales.
Our customers include researchers at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions and government and private laboratories. Fluctuations in the research and development budgets of these researchers and their organizations for applications in which our products are used could have a significant affect on the demand for our products. Research and development budgets fluctuate due to changes in available resources, mergers of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, spending priorities and institutional budgetary policies. Our business could be adversely affected by any significant decrease in life sciences research and development expenditures by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions or government and private laboratories. In addition, short term changes in administrative, regulatory or purchasing-related procedures can create uncertainties or other impediments which can contribute to lower sales.
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In recent years, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have undergone substantial restructuring and consolidation. Additional mergers or corporate consolidations in the pharmaceutical industry could cause us to lose existing customers and potential future customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A significant portion of our sales have been to researchers, universities, government laboratories and private foundations whose funding is dependent upon grants from government agencies, such as the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and similar domestic and international agencies. Although the level of research funding has increased during the past several years, we cannot assure you that this trend will continue. Government funding of research and development is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable. The predictability of our revenues may be adversely affected if our customers delay purchases as a result of uncertainties surrounding the approval of government or industrial budget proposals. Also, government proposals to reduce or eliminate budgetary deficits have sometimes included reduced allocations to the NIH and other government agencies that fund research and development activities. A reduction in government funding for the NIH or other government research agencies could seriously and negatively impact our business.
We may encounter delays in receipt, or limit in amount, of some European reimbursement approvals and public health funding, which will impact our ability to grow revenues in these markets.
Outside the U.S., third-party payors are often reluctant to reimburse healthcare providers for the use of medical tests that involve new technology or novel diagnostic information. In addition, third-party payors are increasingly limiting reimbursement coverage for medical diagnostic products and, in many instances, are exerting pressure on diagnostic product suppliers to reduce their prices. Because each third-party payor individually approves reimbursement, obtaining such approvals is a time-consuming and costly process that requires us to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of each of our products for which we seek reimbursement to each payor separately with no assurance that such approval will be obtained. This process can delay the broad market introduction of new products and could have a negative effect on our revenues and operating results. As a result, outside the U.S., third-party reimbursement may not be consistently available or financially adequate to cover the cost of our products. This could limit our ability to sell our products, cause us to reduce the prices of our products or otherwise adversely affect our operating results.
We heavily rely on air cargo carriers and other overnight logistics services.
Our customers within the scientific research markets typically do not keep a significant inventory of QIAGEN products and consequently require overnight delivery of purchases. As such, we heavily rely on air cargo carriers such as DHL, UPS, FedEx and Panalpina. If overnight services are suspended or delayed and other delivery carriers cannot provide satisfactory services, customers may suspend a significant amount of work requiring nucleic acid purification. If there are no adequate delivery alternatives available, sales levels could be negatively affected.
We depend on suppliers for materials used to manufacture our products and if shipments from these suppliers are delayed or interrupted, we may be unable to manufacture our products.
We buy materials for our products from many suppliers and are not dependent on any one supplier or group of suppliers for our business as a whole. However, key components of certain products, including certain instrumentation components and chemicals, are available only from a single source. If supplies from these vendors are delayed or interrupted for any reason, we may not be able to obtain these materials timely or in sufficient quantities or qualities in order to produce certain products, and our sales levels could be negatively affected.
We rely on collaborative commercial relationships to develop some of our products.
Our long-term business strategy has included entering into strategic alliances and marketing and distribution arrangements with academic, corporate and other partners relating to the development, commercialization,
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marketing and distribution of certain of our existing and potential products. We may not continue to be able to negotiate such collaborative arrangements on acceptable terms, and such relationships may not be scientifically or commercially successful. In addition, we may not be able to maintain such relationships and our collaborative partners may not pursue or develop competing products or technologies, either on their own or in collaboration with others.
Doing business internationally creates certain risks for our business.
Our business involves operations in several countries outside of the United States. Our consumable manufacturing facilities are located in Germany, China, Sweden and the United States, and our instrumentation facilities are located in Switzerland and Australia. We also have established sales subsidiaries in numerous countries, including the United States, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Austria, The Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, Hong Kong, Singapore, Turkey, Korea, Malaysia, China, Spain, Brazil and Mexico. In addition, our products are sold through independent distributors serving more than 40 other countries. Conducting and launching operations on an international scale requires close coordination of activities across multiple jurisdictions and time zones and consumes significant management resources. We have invested heavily in computerized information systems in order to manage more efficiently the widely dispersed components of our operations. We use SAP as our business information system to integrate most of our subsidiaries in the Americas, Europe and Japan.
Our operations are also subject to other risks inherent in international business activities, such as general economic conditions in the countries in which we operate, overlap of different tax structures, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, compliance with a variety of foreign laws and regulations, and longer accounts receivable payment cycles in certain countries. Other risks associated with international operations include import and export licensing requirements, trade restrictions, exchange controls and changes in tariff and freight rates. As a result of these conditions, an inability to successfully manage our international operations could have a material adverse impact on our operations.
We have made investments in and are expanding our business into emerging markets and regions, which exposes us to new risks.
Recently, we have expanded our business into emerging markets in Asia and South America, and we expect to continue to focus on growing our business in these regions. In addition to the currency and international operation risks described above, our international operations are subject to a variety of risks including those, arising out of the economy, political outlook and language and cultural barriers in countries where we have operations or do business. In many of these emerging markets, we may be faced with several risks that are more significant than in the other countries in which we have a history of doing business. These risks include economies that may be dependent on only a few products and are therefore subject to significant fluctuations, weak legal systems which may affect our ability to enforce contractual rights, exchange controls, unstable governments, privatization or other government actions affecting the flow of goods and currency. In conducting our business, we move products from one country to another and may provide services in one country from a subsidiary located in another country. Accordingly, we are vulnerable to abrupt changes in customs and tax regimes that may have significant negative impacts on our financial condition and operating results.
Our business in countries with a history of corruption and transactions with foreign governments increase the risks associated with our international activities.
As we operate and sell internationally, we are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by U.S. and other business entities for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations, agreements with third parties and make sales in countries known to experience corruption. Further international expansion may involve more exposure to such practices. Our activities in these
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countries creates the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, consultants, sales agents or distributors that could be in violation of various laws including the FCPA, even though these parties are not always subject to our control. It is our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any future improvements may not prove to be effective, and our employees, consultants, sales agents or distributors may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA may result in criminal or civil sanctions, which could be severe, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our success depends on the continued employment of our key personnel, any of whom we may lose at any time.
Our senior management consists of an Executive Committee comprised of our most senior executives responsible for core functions, the Chairman of which is Mr. Peer Schatz, our Chief Executive Officer. The loss of Mr. Schatz or any of our Managing Directors could have a material adverse effect on us. Further, although we have not experienced any difficulties attracting or retaining key management and scientific staff, our ability to recruit and retain qualified skilled personnel will also be critical to our success. Due to the intense competition for experienced scientists from numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and academic and other research institutions, there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract and retain such personnel on acceptable terms. Our planned activities will also require additional personnel, including management, with expertise in areas such as manufacturing and marketing, and the development of such expertise by existing management personnel. The inability to recruit such personnel or develop such expertise by existing personnel could have a material adverse impact on our operations.
Our business may require substantial additional capital, which we may not be able to obtain on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Our future capital requirements and level of expenses will depend upon numerous factors, including the costs associated with:
| marketing, sales and customer support efforts; |
| research and development activities; |
| expansion of our facilities; |
| consummation of possible future acquisitions of technologies, products or businesses; |
| demand for our products and services; and |
| repayment of refinancing of debt. |
We currently anticipate that our short-term capital requirements will be satisfied by the results of operations. However, we have outstanding loan facilities at December 31, 2008 of approximately $500.0 million, of which $25.0 million is due in July 2009, $50.0 million will become due in July 2010, $75.0 million will become due in July 2011, and $350.0 million will become due in July 2012. As of December 31, 2008, we also had additional long-term debt obligations of $445.0 million, of which $145.0 million becomes due in July 2011 and $300.0 million becomes due in November 2012. Furthermore, as of December 31, 2008, we have capital lease obligations, including the current portion, of $32.7 million, that expire in various years through 2018. To the extent that our existing resources are insufficient to fund our activities, we may need to raise funds through public or private debt or equity financings. Such additional funds may not be available or, if available, may not be available on terms acceptable to us. If adequate funds are not available, we may have to reduce expenditures for research and development, production or marketing, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible securities, the issuance of such securities could result in dilution to our shareholders.
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An impairment of goodwill and intangible assets could reduce our earnings.
At December 31, 2008, our consolidated balance sheet reflected approximately $1.2 billion of goodwill and approximately $640.3 million of intangible assets. Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price of a business exceeds the fair market value of the tangible and separately measurable intangible net assets. U.S. generally accepted accounting principles generally require us to test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or when events or circumstances occur indicating that goodwill might be impaired. Long-lived assets, such as intangible assets with finite useful lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If we determine that any of our goodwill or intangible assets were impaired, we would be required to take an immediate charge to earnings.
Our strategic equity investments may result in losses.
We have made and may continue to make strategic investments in complementary businesses as the opportunities arise. We periodically review the carrying value of these investments for impairment, considering factors, such as the most recent stock transactions, book values from the most recent financial statements, and forecasts and expectations of the investee. The results of these valuations may fluctuate due to market conditions and other conditions over which we have no control. Estimating the fair value of non-marketable equity investments in life science companies is inherently subjective. If actual events differ from our assumptions and other than temporary unfavorable fluctuations in the valuations of the investments are indicated, it could require a write-down of the investment. This could result in future charges on our earnings that could materially impact our results of operations. It is uncertain whether or not we will realize any long-term benefits from these strategic investments.
Exchange rate fluctuations may adversely affect our business.
Since we currently market our products in over 40 countries throughout the world, a significant portion of our business is conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, our reporting currency. As a result, fluctuations in value, relative to the U.S. dollar, of the currencies in which we conduct our business have caused and will continue to cause foreign currency transaction gains and losses. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses arising from normal business operations are charged against earnings in the period when incurred. We hedge a portion of the anticipated cash flow that we expect to exchange into other currencies, subject to our short-term financing needs. Due to the number of currencies involved, the variability of currency exposures and the potential volatility of currency exchange rates, we cannot predict the effects of exchange rate fluctuations upon future operating results. While we engage in foreign exchange hedging transactions to manage our foreign currency exposure, there can be no assurance that our hedging strategy will adequately protect our operating results from the effects of future exchange rate fluctuations.
We have a significant amount of long-term debt which may adversely affect our financial condition.
We have a significant amount of debt which carries with it significant debt service obligations. A high level of indebtedness increases the risk that we may default on our debt obligations. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow to pay the interest on our debt or that future working capital, borrowings or equity financing will be available to repay or refinance such debt. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow to pay the interest on our debt, we may have to delay or curtail our research and development programs. The level of our indebtedness, among other things, could:
| make it difficult for us to make required payments on our debt; |
| make it difficult for us to obtain any necessary financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements or other purposes; |
| limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we compete; and |
| make us more vulnerable in the event of a downturn in our business. |
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The time and expense needed to obtain regulatory approval and respond to changes in regulatory requirements could adversely affect our ability to commercially distribute our products and generate revenue therefrom.
We and our customers operate in a highly regulated environment characterized by continuous changes in the governing regulatory framework. Genetic research activities as well as products commonly referred to as genetically engineered, such as certain food and therapeutic products, are subject to governmental regulation in most developed countries, especially in the major markets for pharmaceutical and diagnostic products (i.e., the European Union, the United States, and Japan). In the recent past, several highly publicized scientific successes (most notably in the areas of genomic research and cloning) have stirred a public debate in which ethical, philosophical and religious arguments have been raised against an unlimited expansion of genetic research and the use of products developed thereby. As a result of this debate, some key countries might increase the existing regulatory barriers; this, in turn, could adversely affect the demand for our products and prevent us from fulfilling our growth expectations. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any future changes of applicable regulations will not require further expenditures or an alteration, suspension or liquidation of our operations in certain areas, or even in their entirety.
Changes in the existing regulations or adoption of new requirements or policies could adversely affect our ability to sell our approved products or to seek to introduce new products in other countries around the world. Sales volumes of certain products in development may be dependent on commercial sales by us or by purchasers of our diagnostic and pharmaceutical products, which will require pre-clinical studies, clinical trials and other regulatory clearance. Such trials will be subject to extensive regulation by governmental authorities in the United States, including the FDA, international agencies and agencies in other countries with comparable responsibilities. These trials involve substantial uncertainties and could impact customer demand for our products. In addition, certain products, especially our products intended for use in in vitro diagnostics applications, are dependent on regulatory or other clearance. For example, since the European Union Directive 98/79/EC on in vitro diagnostic medical devices, or EU-IvD-D, went into effect on December 7, 2003, all products and kits which are used for in vitro diagnostic applications must be compliant with this directive. In addition to high-risk products such as HIV testing systems (list A of Annex II of the directive) or blood glucose testing systems (list B of Annex II of the directive), nucleic acid purification products which are used in diagnostic workflows are affected by this regulatory framework. The major goals of this directive are to standardize the diagnostic procedures within the European Union, to increase reliability of diagnostic analysis and to enhance patients safety through the highest level of product safety. These goals are expected to be achieved by the enactment of a large number of mandatory regulations for product development, production, quality control and life cycle surveillance. Our failing to obtain any required clearance or approvals may significantly damage our business in such segments.
Additionally, we may be required to incur significant costs to comply with laws and regulations in the future, and changes or additions to existing laws or regulations may have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The key products and product candidates we acquired in our acquisition of Digene are medical devices subject to extensive regulation by the FDA under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Governmental bodies in other countries also have medical device approval regulations which are becoming more extensive. Such regulations govern the majority of the commercial activities previously performed by Digene (which are now performed by us), including the indications for which these products can be used, product development, product testing, product labeling, product storage, use of these products with other products and the manufacturing, advertising and promotion of these products for the approved indications. Compliance with these regulations is expensive and time-consuming. Certain of our HPV test products were the first to obtain approval for regulated applications for HPV testing in the United States and in many countries in Europe, which adds to our expense and increases the degree of regulatory review and oversight. The expense of submitting regulatory approval applications in multiple countries as compared to our available resources will impact the decisions we make about entering new markets.
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Each medical device that we wish to distribute commercially in the United States will likely require either 510(k) clearance or pre-market approval from the FDA prior to marketing the device for in vitro-diagnostic use. Clinical trials related to our regulatory submissions take years to execute and are a significant expense. The 510(k) clearance pathway usually takes from three to twelve months, but can take longer. The pre-market approval pathway is much more costly, lengthy and uncertain and can take from one to three years, or even longer. It took more than four years to receive pre-market approval to offer our current generation HPV test product to test for the presence of HPV in women with equivocal Pap test results and pre-market approval to use our HPV Test as a primary adjunctive cervical cancer screening test to be performed in conjunction with the Pap test for women age 30 and older. The regulatory time span increases our costs to develop new products and increases the risk that we will not succeed in introducing or selling new products in the United States.
Our cleared or approved devices, including our diagnostic tests and related equipment, are subject to numerous post-market requirements. We are subject to inspection and marketing surveillance by the FDA to determine our compliance with regulatory requirements. If the FDA determines that we have failed to comply, it can institute a wide variety of enforcement actions, ranging from a public warning letter to more severe sanctions such as fines, injunctions and civil penalties, recall or seizure of our products, operating restrictions, partial suspension or total shutdown of production, denial of our requests for 510(k) clearance or pre-market approval of product candidates, withdrawal of 510(k) clearance or pre-market approval already granted and criminal prosecution. Any enforcement action by the FDA may also affect our ability to commercially distribute these products in the United States.
Risk of price controls is a threat to our profitability.
The ability of many of our customers to successfully market their products depends in part on the extent to which reimbursement for the costs of these products is available from governmental health administrations, private health insurers and other organizations. Governmental and other third-party payors are increasingly seeking to contain healthcare costs and to reduce the price of medical products and services. Therefore, the biotechnology, diagnostics and pharmaceutical industries are exposed to the potential risk of price controls by these entities. If there are not adequate reimbursement levels, the commercial success of our customers and, hence, our self, could be adversely affected.
Our business exposes us to potential liability.
The marketing and sale of our products and services for certain applications entail a potential risk of product liability, and, although we are not currently subject to any material product liability claims, product liability claims may be brought against us in the future. Further, there can be no assurance that our products will not be included in unethical, illegal or inappropriate research or applications, which may in turn put us at risk of litigation. We currently carry product liability insurance coverage, which is limited in scope and amount, but which we believe is currently appropriate for our purposes. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to maintain such insurance at reasonable cost and on reasonable terms, or that such insurance will be adequate to protect us against any or all potential claims or losses.
We are subject to various laws and regulations generally applicable to businesses in the different jurisdictions in which we operate, including laws and regulations applicable to the handling and disposal of hazardous substances. We do not expect compliance with such laws to have a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. Although we believe that our procedures for handling and disposing of hazardous materials comply with the standards prescribed by applicable regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of such an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result, and any such liability could have a material adverse effect on us.
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Our holding company structure makes us dependent on the operations of our subsidiaries.
We were incorporated under the laws of The Netherlands as a public limited liability company (naamloze venootschap) and we are organized as a holding company. Currently, our material assets are the outstanding shares of our subsidiaries. We, therefore, are dependent upon payments, dividends and distributions from our subsidiaries for funds to pay our operating and other expenses and to pay future cash dividends or distributions, if any, to holders of our Common Shares. Dividends or distributions by subsidiaries to us in a currency other than the U.S. dollar may result in a loss upon a subsequent conversion or disposition of such foreign currency, including a subsequent conversion into U.S. dollars.
Our Common Shares may have a volatile public trading price.
The market price of the Common Shares since our initial public offering in September 1996 has increased significantly and been highly volatile. In the last two fiscal years, the closing price of our Common Shares has ranged from a high of $23.55 to a low of $12.91 on the NASDAQ, and a high of EUR 16.24 to a low of EUR 10.04 on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. In addition to overall stock market fluctuations, factors which may have a significant impact on the market price of the Common Shares include:
| announcements of technological innovations or the introduction of new products by us or our competitors; |
| developments in our relationships with collaborative partners; |
| quarterly variations in our operating results or those of companies related to us; |
| changes in government regulations or patent laws; |
| developments in patent or other proprietary rights; |
| developments in government spending for life sciences related research; and |
| general market conditions relating to the diagnostics, applied testing, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. |
The stock market has from time to time experienced extreme price and trading volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market for technology-based companies and that have not necessarily been related to the operating performance of such companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Common Shares.
Holders of our Common Shares will not receive dividend income.
We have not paid cash dividends since our inception and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Common Shares for the foreseeable future. Although we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends, any cash dividends paid in a currency other than the U.S. dollar will be subject to the risk of foreign currency transaction losses. Investors should not invest in our Common Shares if they are seeking dividend income; the only return that may be realized through investing in our Common Shares is through the appreciation in value of such shares.
Future sales of our Common Shares could adversely affect our stock price.
Future sales of substantial amounts of our Common Shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could adversely affect the market price of the Common Shares. Under Dutch law, a company can issue shares up to its authorized share capital provided for in its articles of association. Pursuant to our Articles of Association as amended on October 11, 2007, our authorized share capital amounts to EUR 9.0 million, divided into 410.0 million Common Shares, 40.0 million financing preference shares and 450.0 million preference shares, with all shares having a EUR 0.01 par value. As of December 31, 2008, we had outstanding 197.8 million Common Shares plus 12.2 million additional shares reserved for issuance upon
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exercise or release of outstanding stock options and awards, of which 9.6 million were vested. A total of approximately 17.9 million Common Shares are reserved and available for issuances under our stock plans, including those shares subject to outstanding stock options and awards. All of our outstanding Common Shares are freely saleable except shares held by our affiliates, which are subject to certain limitations on resale. Additionally, holders of notes issued by QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. and QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. are entitled to convert their notes into approximately 26.5 million Common Shares, subject to adjustments in certain cases.
Provisions of our Articles of Association and Dutch law and an option we have granted may make it difficult to replace or remove management and may inhibit or delay a takeover.
Our Articles of Association, or Articles, provide that our shareholders may only suspend or dismiss our managing and supervisory directors against their wishes with a vote of two-thirds of the votes cast if such votes represent more than 50% of the outstanding Common Shares unless the proposal was made by the joint meeting of the Supervisory Board and the Managing Board in which case a simple majority is sufficient. They also provide that if the members of our Supervisory Board and our Managing Board have been nominated by the joint meeting of the Supervisory Board and Managing Board, shareholders may only overrule this nomination with a vote of two-thirds of the votes cast if such votes represent more than 50% of the outstanding Common Shares. Certain other provisions of our Articles allow us, under certain circumstances, to prevent a third party from obtaining a majority of the voting control of our Common Shares by issuing preference shares. Pursuant to our Articles and the resolution adopted by our General Meeting on June 16, 2004, QIAGENs Supervisory Board is entitled to resolve to issue Preference Shares in case of an intended take-over of our Company by (i) any person who alone or with one or more other persons, directly or indirectly, have acquired or given notice of an intent to acquire (beneficial) ownership of an equity stake which in aggregate equals 20% or more of our share capital then outstanding or (ii) an adverse person as determined by the Supervisory Board. If the Supervisory Board opposes an intended take-over and authorizes the issuance of preference shares, the bidder may withdraw its bid or enter into negotiations with the Managing Board and/or Supervisory Board and agree on a higher bid price for our shares.
In 2004, we granted an option to the Stichting Preferente Aandelen QIAGEN (the Foundation (Stichting)), subject to the conditions described in the paragraph above, which allows the Foundation to acquire preference shares from us. The option enables the Foundation to acquire such number of preference shares as equals the number of our outstanding Common Shares at the time of the relevant exercise of the right less one share. When exercising the option and exercising its voting rights on such shares, the Foundation must act in our interest and the interests of our stakeholders. The purpose of the Foundation option is to prevent or delay a change of control that would not be in the best interests of us and our stakeholders. An important restriction on the Foundations ability to prevent or delay a change of control is that issuing (preference or other) protective shares enabling the Foundation to exercise 30% or more of the voting rights without the obligation to make a mandatory offer for all shares held by the remaining shareholders, is only allowed after a public offer has been announced by a third party. In addition, the holding of such a block of shares by the Foundation is restricted to two years and as a consequence, the size of the protective stake will need to be decreased below the 30% voting rights threshold before the two year period lapses.
United States civil liabilities may not be enforceable against us.
We are incorporated under the laws of The Netherlands and substantial portions of our assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, certain members of our Managing and Supervisory Boards and our officers and certain experts named herein reside outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or such other persons, or to enforce outside the U.S. judgments obtained against such persons in U.S. courts, in any action, including actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws. In addition, it may be difficult for investors to enforce, in original actions brought in courts in jurisdictions located outside the United States, rights predicated upon the
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U.S. securities laws. There is no treaty between the United States and The Netherlands for the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments (other than arbitration awards) in civil and commercial matters. Therefore, a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any federal or state court in the United States based on civil liability, whether or not predicated solely upon the federal securities laws, would not be directly enforceable in The Netherlands. However, if the party in whose favor such final judgment is rendered brings a new suit in a competent court in The Netherlands, such party may submit to the Dutch court the final judgment which has been rendered in the United States. If the Dutch court finds that the jurisdiction of the federal or state court in the United States has been based on grounds which are internationally acceptable and that proper legal procedures have been observed, the Dutch court will, in principle, give binding effect to the final judgment which has been rendered in the United States unless such judgment contravenes Dutch principles of public policy. Based on the foregoing, there can be no assurance that U.S. investors will be able to enforce against us, members of our Managing or Supervisory Boards, officers or certain experts named herein who are residents of The Netherlands or countries other than the United States any judgments obtained in U.S. courts in civil and commercial matters, including judgments under the federal securities laws. In addition, there is doubt as to whether a Dutch court would impose civil liability on us, the members of our Managing or Supervisory Boards, our officers or certain experts named herein in an original action predicated solely upon the federal securities laws of the United States brought in a court of competent jurisdiction in The Netherlands against us or such members, officers or experts, respectively.
Item 4. | Information on the Company |
History and Development of the Company
QIAGEN N.V. is registered under its commercial and legal name QIAGEN N.V. with the trade register (kamer van koophandel) of the Dutch region Limburg Noord under file number 12036979. We began operations as a German company in 1986. On April 29, 1996, we were incorporated as QIAGEN N.V., a public limited liability company (naamloze vennnootschap) under Dutch law as a holding company. Our legal seat is in Venlo, The Netherlands. Our principal executive office is located at Spoorstraat 50, 5911 KJ Venlo, The Netherlands, and our telephone number is +31-77-320-8400. Our agent for service in the United States exclusively for actions brought by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the requirements of the United States federal securities laws, is Roland Sackers, QIAGEN North American Holdings, located at 19300 Germantown Road, Germantown, Maryland, 20874. As a holding company, we conduct our business through our subsidiaries located throughout the world, including subsidiaries in Europe, Japan, Australia, North America and East Asia. Further information about QIAGEN can be found at www.qiagen.com.
Since 1986, we have developed and marketed a broad range of proprietary products for the academic and industrial research markets as well as for the applied testing and molecular diagnostics markets. Our objective is to expand our leadership position in all markets we serve. We have experienced significant growth in the past, with a five-year compound annual growth through December 31, 2008 of approximately 21% in net sales and 16% in net income, as reported under U.S. GAAP. We have funded our growth through internally generated funds, debt, and private and public sales of equity securities. In recent years, we have made a number of strategic acquisitions and disposals expanding and focusing our technology and product offerings. Significant events in the development of our business in 2008 include:
| We were awarded an exclusive contract by the Singapore Ministry of Health to supply sample preparation solutions and molecular tests for the specific detection of Influenza H5N1 viruses (avian flu virus). The contract with the Singapore Ministry of Health is our latest supply agreement with public and private institutions engaged in H5N1 surveillance. More than 80 institutes worldwide involved in the surveillance of avian flu infection use procedures and reagents developed and offered by us. |
| We introduced the QIAsymphony SP, the first system of a novel modular processing platform, which can be integrated to automate entire workflowsfrom sample to result. The QIAsymphony offers the highest flexibility, convenience and safety for a broad range of sample and assay applications. |
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| We launched the QIAxcel, an innovative automated system that will replace tedious and time-consuming methods of nucleic acid separation in low- to high-throughput laboratories. QIAxcel, which is designed to take the place of traditional slab-gel analysis, is characterized by an unprecedented sensitivity. |
| We acquired a business unit from Diagnostic Technology Pty. Ltd., located in Belrose, Australia, which relates to the distribution of products in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Malaysia. |
| We established QIAGEN Mexico via the acquisition of certain assets of our former life science distributor Quimica Valaner. In July 2008, we acquired the minority interest in our Brazilian sub, QIAGEN Brasil Biotecnologia Ltda. The establishment of QIAGEN Mexico, as well as the acquisition of the minority interest in our Brazilian subsidiary, represents the Companys commitment to expanding our presence in Latin America. |
| We acquired a majority interest in Corbett Life Science Pty. Ltd. (Corbett), a privately-held developer, manufacturer, and distributor of life sciences instrumentation headquartered in Sydney, Australia. Corbett is best known for having developed the worlds first rotary real-time PCR cycler systemthe Rotor-Genea system used to detect real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions which make specific sequences of DNA and RNA targets visible through amplification and quantifiable through real-time measurement of such amplification. The addition of this proprietary PCR detection technology extends our molecular testing solution portfolio and enhances our options to offer sample and assay technology solutions spanning from sample to result. |
| In August 2008, new cervical cancer prevention guidelines issued by the German Association for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) recommended testing women 30 and over for HPV (human Papillomavirus)the primary cause of cervical cancer. The guidelines recommend that HPV testing be performed along with a Pap test on women 30 and older. |
| We acquired all assets related to the Biosystems Business from Biotage AB, a publicly listed developer, manufacturer and distributor of products for genetic analysis and medicinal chemistry headquartered in Uppsala, Sweden. This business division contains Pyrosequencing systems for genetic analysis, PyroMark products for methylation, sequence and mutation analysis and Pyro Gold reagents. All products are focused on faster and more accurate genetic analysis for clinical research. We acquired all assets related to the Biosystems Business including remaining minority interest in the outstanding stock of Corbett. |
| In November 2008, the Mexican Public Health Agency (Secretaria de Salud or SSA) announced the launch of the first phase of a program that will offer testing for HPV. The cost of the testing will be covered by the agency. In the first phase of the screening program, more than 200,000 women were being offered the HPV test along with the traditional Pap smear. In 2009, the pilot program will be expanded to include another 600,000 women in the 20 states with the highest death rate from cervical cancer. It is estimated that 6 million women a year will be eligible for HPV testing through the Mexican public health system once the screening program is national. |
Business Overview
Description of Our Business
We believe, based on the nature of our products and technologies and on our United States and European market shares as supported by independent market studies, that we are the worlds leading provider of innovative sample and assay technologies and products. Our products are considered standards in areas such as pre-analytical sample preparation and assay solutions in research for life sciences, applied testing and molecular diagnostics.
Sample Technologies: Sample technologies are used to collect, stabilize, isolate and purify deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins from any biological sample. Our sample
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technologies provide access to the content of biological samples. These include solutions for the collection, stabilization, purification, handling and storage of any analyte (DNA, RNA, protein) from any sample (blood, bone, tissue, etc.). Our sample technologies ensure that a sample is processed in a reproducible, standardized method with the highest level of quality before entering the subsequent analysis phase, for which the Company provides a broad range of assay technologies, such as reagents and testing solutions.
Assay Technologies: Assay technologies are then used to make specific target biomolecules, such as the DNA of a specific virus, visible for subsequent detection and analysis. Our assay technologies include reagents which enable the detection of such purified target analytes, e.g. the DNA sequence from a specific virus, from a purified sample. We also provide closed assays, in which such assay technologies have been pre-configured to test for specific targets such as the influenza virus, hepatitis, HIV, HPV or herpes. We hold a unique leadership positions in a wide range of tests including in HPV-testing, one of the largest and most rapidly expanding market segments for sample and assay technologies in molecular diagnostics and specifically in womens health testing.
Our Products
We offer more than 500 consumable products and automated solutions. We sell these products to academic research markets, to leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, to molecular diagnostics laboratories as well as to customers in applied testing markets, such as forensics, animal or food testing, and pharmaceutical process control. These products enable our customers to efficiently pursue their research and commercial goals that require the use of nucleic acids.
The main categories of our products include:
| Consumables: |
Our consumable products include our sample and assay technologies. Sample technologies are used to collect, stabilize, isolate and purify DNA, RNA and proteins from all biological samples such as blood or tissue. Assay technologies like our amplification consumables or molecular diagnostic assays are used to make such isolated biomolecules visible. We offer most of our sample and assay consumable products, which account for about 90% of our business, in kit form to maximize customer convenience and reduce user error. These kits contain all necessary reagents and buffers, and a technical handbook that includes a detailed protocol and background information. Each kit is sufficient to support a number of applications varying from one to one thousand depending on the kit. Each kit is covered by our quality guarantee.
Major applications for our consumable products are plasmid, DNA purification; RNA purification and stabilization; genomic and viral nucleic acid purification; nucleic acid transfection; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification; reverse transcription; DNA cleanup after PCR and sequencing; DNA cloning and protein purification. In 2005, we began offering validated PCR assays which allow PCR-based detection of viral, bacterial and parasite, human and animal pathogens as well as pharmacogenomic genotyping. In 2007, we acquired Digene Corporation and began offering the HC2 HPV Test, a signal amplified test for the Human Papillomavirus for use in cervical cancer screening programs. The majority of our assays is validated with either manual QIAamp sample preparation or automated MagAttract sample preparation from QIAGEN and CE-labeled according to the IvD-Directive in EU.
| Instrumentation: |
Our automated systems automate the above mentioned consumables in low, medium or high throughput scale as well as reaction set-up, allowing customers to perform reliable low- to high-throughput nucleic acid sample preparation, assay setup and other laboratory tasks.
Our automated systems offer walk-away automation of sample and assay technologies in low, medium or high throughput scale, as well as reaction set-up and other laboratory tasks. We also sell instruments
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to our OEM partners. In early 2007, we launched the QIAcube, a novel sample processing platform incorporating novel and proprietary technologies which allow users in research in life sciences, applied testing and molecular diagnostics to fully automate the processing of almost all our consumable products. The QIAcube received the distinguished New Product Award, or NPA, Designation of the Association for Laboratory Automation, or ALA, in February, 2007 and the QIAsymphony, which was introduced in January 2008, received the ALA NPA in 2008.
Also in early 2008, we released our QIAxcel, an innovative automated system that will replace tedious and time-consuming methods of nucleic acid separation in low- to high-throughput laboratories. QIAxcel, which is designed to take the place of traditional slab-gel analysis, is characterized by an unprecedented sensitivity and time to results.
In 2008, we acquired Corbett, who is best known for having developed the worlds first rotary real-time PCR cycler systemthe Rotor-GeneTMa system used to detect real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions which make specific sequences of DNA and RNA targets visible through amplification and quantifiable through real-time measurement of such amplification. The addition of this proprietary PCR detection technology extends QIAGENs molecular testing solution portfolio and enhances QIAGENs options to offer sample and assay technology solutions spanning from sample to result.
Also in 2008, we acquired the Biosystems Business of Biotage, best known for having pioneered Pyrosequencing®, which has become a fundamental technology in next-generation sequencing. Pyrosequencing is a patented assay technology that in special formats can achieve significantly longer runs and can be employed in a massively parallel design to address the needs for applications such as high volume data generation in whole genome sequencing applications. In its widely used standard format this technology provides the opportunity to read DNA-sequences up to 100 base pairs in real time and at a price per read in the single dollar range.
| Other: |
A very small part of our business revenues comes from custom services, such as whole genome amplification services, DNA sequencing, and non-cGMP DNA production on a contract basis. We also sell and/or license technology.
We regularly introduce new products in order to extend the life of our existing product lines as well as to address new market opportunities. To date in 2008, we have launched more than 80 new products in the area of sample & assay technologies, including the QIAxcel for fully automated capillary electrophoresis to separate and analyze DNA, RNA and proteins, the QIAsymphonySP, the first system of a novel modular processing platform which can be integrated to automate entire workflows and the EZ1 Advanced, the next generation of our successful EZ1 for the fully automated low throughput sample preparation with prefilled cartridges. In addition, we launched a number of assay technologies, including two tests for the applied testing markets to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD) in cattle and Taylorella equigenitalis in horses, a series of products for analyzing genetic differences and micro RNA (miRNA) analysis as well as a CE-marked test for the detection and quantification of Malaria (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae), the next generation of multiplex detection of respiratory viral targets (ResPlex II Panel v 2.0) and a molecular diagnostic assay in the EU to type the HLA-B*5701 allele, a genetic variation in the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) system, causing adverse reactions in AIDS patients.
Research and Development
By focusing our resources on our core expertise Sample & Assay Technologies and due to the size of the markets for products that utilize this core expertise, we can invest more in research and development on one core application area than we believe is typical in our industry. Over 500 employees in research and development, who work in five centers of excellence on three different continents, constantly develop new applications that push the frontiers of science further. Our investment in research and development accounts for more than 10% of
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our sales. Our total research and development expenses in 2008, 2007 and 2006 were approximately $97.3 million, $64.9 million, and $41.6 million, respectively. We have fast, proven innovation cycles, with approximately five percent of 2008 revenue growth stemming from new products launched in 2008. Our comprehensive intellectual property portfolio spans over 700 granted patents and almost 800 pending applications.
Our product development efforts are focused on expanding our existing products and developing innovative new products in selected areas where we have expertise and have identified substantial unmet market needs. We intend to maintain our technology leadership position through investments in product improvements, product extensions, and innovative new approaches. We believe that improvements in instrumentation will strengthen our leadership position in the automation of sample and assay technology applications and generate an increased demand for our consumable products.
Sales and Marketing
We market our products in more than 40 countries throughout the world. We have established subsidiaries in the markets that we believe have the greatest sales potentialincluding but not limited to the Americas, Germany, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, France, Japan, Australia, Canada, Italy, and throughout Asia. We have established a network of highly experienced marketing personnel and employ a dedicated field sales force of over 1,100 people, who sell our products and provide direct support to customers. A significant number of our marketing and sales staff are experienced scientists with academic degrees in molecular biology or related areas. We also have specialized independent distributors and importers.
Our marketing strategy is focused on providing high-quality products that offer customers unique advantages, coupled with a commitment to technical excellence and customer service. We have developed a range of marketing tools designed to provide customers with direct access to technical support and to inform them of new product offerings, as well as to enhance our reputation for technical excellence, high-quality products, and commitment to customer service. One such tool is our technical service hotline, which allows existing or potential customers to discuss, via phone and e-mail, a wide range of technical questions regarding our products and related molecular biology procedures with Ph.D. and M.Sc. scientists in our technical service group, who provide advice and training. Frequent communication with customers enables us to identify market needs, to gain early insight into new developments and business opportunities, and to respond with new products.
To enhance the knowledge base of clinicians and to provide for physician-directed marketing of our products, we have sales representatives dedicated to educating physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals about the benefits of HPV testing using hybrid capture 2, or HC2, technology. Additionally, we have implemented DTC advertising campaigns designed to educate women about the link between HPV and cervical cancer and the availability of our HC2 HPV Test. We plan to continue the DTC campaign during 2009.
We also distribute several publications, including our annual catalog, to existing and potential customers worldwide, providing new product information, product updates, and articles contributed by customers and by our scientists about existing and new applications for our products. In addition, we advertise in leading scientific journals such as Science, and hold numerous scientific seminars, in which our scientists present technical information at leading academic and industrial research institutes worldwide. We conduct direct mail campaigns to announce new products or offer special sales promotions, and also offer various personalized electronic newsletters for our worldwide customers that provide helpful hints and information for molecular biology applications. Our web site (www.qiagen.com) contains a full on-line product catalog and ordering system, as well as a host of support tools, scientific design tools and other resources. Some information is available on our website in French, German and Korean to support these local markets. In addition, we have full Japanese and Chinese language versions of our site. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Annual Report.
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In addition to keeping our customers informed of new product offerings, we also offer an inventory consignment program. The QIAcabinet is a storage cabinet owned by us and placed in customer laboratories at their request. The QIAcabinet is stocked with our products, offering customers the convenience of immediate access, thereby reducing product reorder procedures and shipping costs. We monitor cabinet inventory and bill the customers at regular intervals as the products are used. We believe that our QIAcabinet helps us maintain our competitive position while also reducing distribution costs and increasing our visibility in the laboratory.
Principal Markets
From our inception, we have believed that nucleic acids and proteins would play an increasingly important role in cutting-edge molecular biology and that major new commercial uses of nucleic acids would be developed. We have been supplying customers with proprietary products for the processing of nucleic acids since 1986. Customers include major academic institutions and governmental laboratories, such as the United States National Institutes of Health, or NIH, as well as leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. In addition, fundamental developments in recent years have created significant new opportunities for us in the emerging markets of nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostics, such as HPV-testing, and applied testing (or the use of molecular diagnostics outside of human healthcare), such as forensics, veterinary diagnostics, testing of genetically modified organism, or GMO, and other food testing, drug discovery and development. In response to these opportunities, we are currently targeting our products and marketing activities to each of these markets.
Research Market
The worldwide research market for nucleic acid and protein separation and purification products is comprised of an estimated 45,000 academic and industrial research laboratories with more than 400,000 researchers from leading academic institutions, diagnostics companies and laboratories, biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies. A substantial portion of this market continues to utilize traditional, labor intensive, manual methods for nucleic acid separation and purification, and we estimate that 15 percent of all molecular biology research time is spent on such processes. We recognized the opportunity to replace the traditional methods with reliable, fast, highly reproducible, and high-quality nucleic acid separation and purification technologies and products. We concentrated our product development and marketing efforts on this market and now offer over 500 nucleic acid sample processing products to customers. We also offer a broad and innovative portfolio for the expression, purification and fractionation of proteins. We believe that we are the technology leader in this growing research market and that we are well positioned to increase sales and expand our share of the research market as laboratories continue to convert from traditional methods to newer technologies such as ours. Based on estimates of the number of sample preparations being performed each year, we believe that the potential worldwide research market for our nucleic acid purification products exceeds $1 billion, as the majority of the market currently uses traditional methodology. In addition, we believe that an additional $800 million is spent annually in this market on PCR enzymes and reagents. We have expanded our product base for assay technologies such as PCR amplification and reverse transcription and continue to develop products for the PCR-related market segment. In 2005, we were one of the first companies to enter into a broad licensing agreement with Applied Biosystems Group regarding real-time PCR technology. This agreement enhances our value as a leading supplier of a broad range of real-time PCR technologies. These real-time PCR technologies are optimized for use with our market- and technology-leading preanalytical solutions. Our PCR reagent portfolio is also a critical component for ready-to-use real-time PCR assays which we offer and which are linked to our innovative RNAi assay offering. Finally, during 2008 through our acquisition of Corbett, we acquired the worlds first rotary real-time PCR cycler systemthe Rotor-GeneTMa system used to detect real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions which make specific sequences of DNA and RNA targets visible through amplification and quantifiable through real-time measurement of such amplification. The addition of this proprietary PCR detection technology extends QIAGENs molecular testing solution portfolio and enhances QIAGENs options to offer sample and assay technology solutions spanning from sample to result.
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Molecular Diagnostics Market
We believe that the molecular diagnostics market represents a significant market for nucleic acid sample and assay technology products. We believe that the advent of PCR and other amplification technologies has made the prospect of nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostics feasible. Molecular diagnostics have fundamental advantages over traditional diagnostic technologies, such as immunoassays, in potential applications and clinical specificity and sensitivity.
This new generation of molecular diagnostics can be used, for example, to detect or identify micro-organisms, cancer cells, bacteria and viruses by searching for their specific nucleic acid sequences. In order to prove that a disease is present in a patient, the unique sequence of the target nucleic acid causing the disease must be known, and either the sequence in the sample must be amplified (target amplification) or the signal from the DNA must be amplified (signal amplification) to facilitate detection. Potential commercial applications for nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostics include infectious disease diagnostics in bio banks, HLA typing for bone marrow and organ transplantation, genetic testing for predisposition to cancers and other common diseases, and genetic fingerprinting of humans, animals and plants.
We believe clinical sensitivity and specificity can be greatly enhanced by using nucleic acid-based information. In many cases, conventional diagnostic tests also lack the clinical sensitivity and specificity to provide definitive diagnoses during the early stages of disease. Clinical sensitivity is typically regarded as the measure of a tests ability to accurately detect the presence of disease. A false negative test result can lead to providing a negative or normal diagnosis to a patient who has the disease. Clinical specificity is typically regarded as the measure of a tests ability to correctly identify the absence of disease when it is not present. A false positive test result can lead to providing a positive or abnormal diagnosis to a patient who does not have disease.
For detection of HPV, we sell our products in the United States primarily for the two FDA-approved indications: adjunctive primary screening with a Pap test for women age 30 and older, and follow-up testing of equivocal Pap test results in women of any age. In Europe and the rest of the world, HPV testing is in varying stages of research and adoption, with most use limited to follow-up for equivocal Pap tests. We are aware of an increasing number of clinical trials being conducted to explore the use of HPV testing for primary screening, both with a Pap test or as a stand-alone primary screen, as well as for proof of clearance or cure after treatment for diagnosed cervical disease or cancer.
The success of molecular diagnostics will depend on the ability to analyze purified nucleic acid samples from a variety of specimens, including blood, tissue, body fluids and stool, and on automation so that hundreds of samples can be handled concurrently. Other key factors will be the convenience, versatility, reliability and standardization of the nucleic acid separation and purification procedures. Our automated systems series has been developed to handle low-, medium-, and high-throughput nucleic acid sample preparation and handling tasks in molecular biology laboratories, clinical laboratories, blood banks, forensic projects, and genomics projects. Nucleic acid samples purified on our instruments are ready for use in the demanding and sensitive downstream assays performed in molecular diagnostic applications. We offer closed and open assay technologies. The open assay technologies, such as real-time PCR or endpoint PCR, contain PCR reagents. Closed assays, diagnostics with predefined targets, include Multiplexing and other pathogen detection assays. In order to broadly address the molecular diagnostics market, in May 2005, we acquired artus Gesellschaft fur molekularbiologische Diagnostik und Entwicklung mbH, subsequently renamed QIAGEN Hamburg GmbH, which offers a broad range of real-time PCR assays for viral and bacterial pathogen detection that are complementary to our sample preparation kits. The majority of these assays are validated with either manual QIAamp sample preparation or automated MagAttract sample preparation and CE-labeled according to the EU-IvD-D. Assays are marketed directly to end customers by our sales channels and selected assays are marketed by major diagnostic partners with access to customers complementary to our customers. In addition, we intend to enter into partnerships or other agreements with established companies in the molecular diagnostics market in order to broaden the distribution of our products.
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We expect molecular diagnostic tests to create a fundamental shift in both the practice of medicine and the economics of the diagnostics industry. Molecular-based diagnostic tests are expected to create an increased emphasis on preventative and predictive molecular medicine. Physicians will be able to use these tests for the early detection of disease and to treat patients on a personalized basis, allowing them to select the most effective therapy with the fewest side effects. In addition, the relatively straight-forward format and significant automation capabilities of our tests allow ease of laboratory use, reducing overall processing costs.
Applied Testing Market
We believe that emerging applied testing markets (which we define as the molecular diagnostics market outside of human healthcare), such as forensics, veterinary and food, offer great opportunities for standardized sample preparation and assay solutions. Successes in crime cases due to DNA analyses, public debates about GMO and food safety as well as bioterrorism risks, have increased the value of the use of molecular-based methods. These methods are performed by well trained researchers in fully equipped laboratories as well as by less trained personnel calling for easy-to-use, reproducible and standardized methods. Our manual DNA and RNA purification methods and the automated solutions on QIAsymphony, BioRobot EZ1, BioSprint 15 and 96, as well as our amplification enzymes and quantitative assays address the needs in these markets. We market a range of assays to end users in applied testing markets, such as veterinary diagnostics and biodefense laboratories.
Seasonality
Our business does not experience predictable seasonality. Historically, a significant portion of our sales have been to researchers, universities, government laboratories and private foundations whose funding is dependent upon grants from government agencies, such as the U.S. NIH and similar domestic and international agencies. To the extent that our academic customers experience increases, decreases or delays in funding arrangements, and to the extent that any of our customers activities are slowed, such as during vacation periods or due to delays in the approval of governmental budgets, including the U.S. federal governments budget, we may experience fluctuations in sales volumes during the year or delays from one period to the next in the recognition of sales.
Revenue by Geographic Region
The table below sets forth total revenue during each of the past three fiscal years by geographical market, which includes revenue from all of our product and service offerings. It is not practicable to provide a detail of revenues by category of activity. Net sales are attributed to countries based on the location of the subsidiary making the sale as certain subsidiaries have international distribution. See Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 18. Financial Statements for additional information with respect to operations by geographic region.
Net Sales (in thousands) |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Americas* |
$ | 988,617 | $ | 465,878 | $ | 318,865 | ||||||
Germany* |
331,013 | 270,173 | 220,325 | |||||||||
Switzerland* |
77,745 | 56,615 | 40,044 | |||||||||
Asia* |
90,047 | 71,168 | 49,875 | |||||||||
All Other* |
210,439 | 148,082 | 109,025 | |||||||||
Corporate* |
878 | 350 | 525 | |||||||||
Subtotal |
1,698,739 | 1,012,266 | 738,659 | |||||||||
Intersegment Elimination+ |
(805,764 | ) | (362,492 | ) | (272,881 | ) | ||||||
Total |
$ | 892,975 | $ | 649,774 | $ | 465,778 | ||||||
* | Includes net sales to affiliates. |
+ | Represents intercompany sales between affiliates, which are accounted for by a formula based on local list prices and eliminated in consolidation. |
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Intellectual Property, Proprietary Rights and Licenses
We have made and may continue to make investments in intellectual property. In the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, our purchases of intangible assets have totaled approximately $18.5 million, $24.1 million, and $6.4 million, respectively. We do not depend solely on any individual patent or technologies owned or licensed by us. We are, however, significantly dependent in the aggregate on technology that we own or license. Therefore, we consider the protection of our proprietary technologies and products as one of the major keys to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of patents, licenses and trademarks to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our technologies and products. We currently own 151 issued patents in the United States, 96 issued patents in Germany and 510 issued patents in other major industrialized countries, and have 799 pending patent applications. Worldwide, we own 757 granted patents. Our policy is to file patent applications in Western Europe, the United States and Japan. U.S. patents have a term of 17 years from the date of issue for patents issued from applications submitted prior to June 8, 1995, and 20 years from the date of filing of the application in the case of patents issued from applications submitted on or after June 8, 1995. Patents in most other countries have a term of 20 years from the date of filing the patent application. We intend to aggressively prosecute and enforce our patents and otherwise protect our proprietary technologies. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovation and licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our competitive position.
Our practice is to require employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators, sponsored researchers and other advisors to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of their relationships with us. These agreements provide that all confidential information developed by or made known to the individual during the course of the individuals relationship with us is to be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties, subject to a right to publish certain information in scientific literature in certain circumstances and to other specific exceptions. In the case of our employees, the agreements provide that all inventions conceived by the individual in the course of their employment will be our exclusive property.
See Risk Factors included in Item 3 above for details regarding risks related to our reliance on patents and proprietary rights.
Partnerships, Alliances and Acquisitions
Our strategy includes the use of strategic alliances to augment our product development efforts with complementary technologies and to leverage our marketing and distribution capabilities with respect to select market opportunities. In order to expand our business, we also intend to continue to pursue strategic investments in our acquisitions of complementary businesses and technologies as the opportunities arise. We currently develop integrated solutions for and together with many manufacturers from pharma and diagnostics, including Roche Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories and Siemens.
Competition
We believe that our primary competition in sample technology products involves traditional separation and purification methods, such as phenol extraction, cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation, and precipitation. These methods utilize widely available reagents and other chemicals supplied by companies, such as Sigma-Aldrich Corp. and Roche Diagnostics GmbH (Applied Sciences Division). We compete with such methods through our innovative technologies and products, which offer a comprehensive solution for nucleic acid collection, pre-treatment, separation and purification needs and provide significant advantages over traditional methods with respect to speed, reliability, convenience, reproducibility and ease of use.
We also experience, and expect to continue to experience, competition in different segments of our business from other companies providing sample preparation products in kit form and assay solutions. These competitors include, but are not limited to: Promega Corp., Millipore Corp., Roche Diagnostics, and Macherey-Nagel GmbH
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for nucleic acid separation and purification; Life Technologies Corp. (created through the merger of Invitrogen Corp. and Applied Biosystems Inc. in 2008) and Promega Corp. for assay solutions; Life Technologies Corp. and Promega Corp. for transfection reagents; and Sigma-Aldrich Corp. and Fisher Scientific for protein fractionation products. We believe that our proprietary technologies and products offer significant advantages over competitors products with regard to purity, speed, reliability and ease-of-use.
In respect to our HPV franchise, we face competition from well established diagnostic technologies, such as cytology and, particularly in Europe, from emerging alternative HPV testing approaches, such as research-based PCR, other indicators of disease and other traditional testing methods developed by laboratories. Our competitors include companies, such as Roche Diagnostics, Gen-Probe, Inc., and Hologic Inc. (formerly Third Wave Technologies, Inc.), which are developing or marketing HPV products, and manufacturers of liquid-based Pap tests, such as Hologic, Inc. (formerly Cytyc Corp.) and Beckton Dickinson and Company (formerly TriPath Imaging). These tests, if approved by the FDA or similar non-U.S. regulatory authorities, might offer an alternative to our products and, considering the increasing acceptance of the importance of HPV testing, we expect competition to intensify.
With respect to our other diagnostic test products, the medical diagnostics and biotechnology industries are subject to intense competition. Some of our products, such as our tests for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus, compete against existing screening, monitoring and diagnostic technologies, including tissue culture and antigen-based diagnostic methodologies. Our competitors for gene-based diagnostic probes include Roche Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Siemens and Gen-Probe. We believe the primary competitive factors in the market for gene-based probe diagnostics and other screening devices are clinical validation, performance and reliability; ease of use; standardization; cost; proprietary position; the competitors share of the existing market; access to distribution channels; regulatory approvals; and availability of reimbursement.
We believe that our competitors do not have the same comprehensive approach to sample and assay technologies and therefore cannot provide the broad range of technologies and depth of products and services that we offer. With our complete range of manual and fully automated solutions, we believe we offer the value of standardization of procedures and therefore more reliable results. We also believe that our integrated strategic approach of sample and assay technologies gives us a competitive advantage. The quality of sample preparationa field in which we have a unique market and leadership positionis a key prerequisite for reliable molecular assay solutions which increasingly are being applied in emerging markets, such as applied testing and molecular diagnostics. Regarding our HPV test products, we believe we have a competitive advantage as a multitude of clinical trials, encompassing over 800,000 women, have validated that our HPV test products, when used in conjunction with the Pap test, have demonstrated their ability to enable significant diagnostic capabilities for cervical disease and cancer due to high clinical sensitivity and high negative predictive value. In addition to the industry leading clinical performance of our assay, considering the high volume of the HPV testing market, we believe additional competitive factors in the HPV testing market relate to automation including performance and reliability; ease of use; standardization; cost; proprietary position; and regulatory approvals. We believe the HC2 test and associated automation are the current industry leaders in all categories.
Our existing and potential competitors may be in the process of seeking FDA or foreign regulatory approvals for their respective products. Our continued future success will rely in large part on our ability to maintain our technological advantage over competing products, expand our market presence and preserve customer loyalty. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively against our past, present or future competitors or that development by others will not render our technologies or products non-competitive.
Suppliers
As part of our quality assessment procedures, we periodically evaluate the performance of our raw material suppliers, potential new alternative sources of such materials, and the risks and benefits of reliance on our
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existing suppliers. We buy materials for our products from many suppliers, and are not dependent on any one supplier or group of suppliers for our business as a whole. Raw materials generally include chemicals, raw separation media, biologics, plastics and packaging. Raw materials are generally readily available at competitive, stable prices from a number of suppliers. Certain raw materials are produced under our specifications, so we closely monitor stock levels to maintain adequate supplies. We believe we maintain inventories of raw materials at a sufficient level to ensure reasonable customer service levels, and to guard against normal volatility in availability.
Government Regulations
We are not subject to direct regulation other than regulation generally applicable to businesses pursuant to various laws and regulations in effect in the different jurisdictions in which we operate, including laws and regulations applicable to environmental matters, such as the handling and disposal of hazardous wastes. Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of small amounts of hazardous materials, chemicals and radioactive compounds. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials comply with the standards prescribed by applicable regulations, such as the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administrations, or OSHA, Hazard Communication and Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories standards, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of such an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result, and any such liability could have a material adverse effect on us.
We also comply with the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens standard and the Center for Disease Control/National Institutes of Health Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories standards for the handling of biological materials as well as comply with the United States Department of Transportation and International Air Transport Association regulations for the shipping of our kits which contain materials classified as hazardous. There are other federal, state and local laws and regulations applicable to our business, including those of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Maryland Department of the Environment. However, we do not expect that compliance with governmental regulations to which we are subject will have a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive positions.
International sales of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices are subject to the regulatory requirements of each country or defined economic region, such as the European Union. The regulatory review process varies from country to country and many countries also impose product standards, packaging requirements, labeling requirements and import restrictions on devices.
The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the safety of food, drug, medical device, biological, animal feed and drugs, cosmetic, and radiation-emitting products sold in the United States. QIAGEN products sold to U.S. clinical labs are IVD medical devices subject to varying levels of FDA regulation based on their potential public health risk. Pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and the related regulations, the FDA regulates product development, product testing, product labeling, product storage, pre-market clearance or approval, manufacturing, advertising, promotion, product sales and distribution of medical devices.
In the United States, IVD products are classified into 3 classes based on their potential health risk. Low risk products (e.g. QIAamp sample extraction products) are Class I. Typically exempt from FDA premarket submission requirements, manufacturers must document manufacturing/quality control procedures and testing data supporting product performance claims. Automated Class I products (e.g., BioRobot MDx DSP, EZ1 and BioRobot DSP) marketed to clinical labs also require design control documentation.
Moderate risk products (e.g., Chlamydia and Gonorrhea tests, PreAnalytix PaxGene Blood RNA Kit) are Class II, and most require FDA review of a premarket notification, or 510(k), submission prior to sale in the US. The intended use and technology principle must be substantially equivalent to another legally marketed U.S. product. Internal analytical and external clinical data supporting product performance claims are included in the
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submission. After a 90 day review, FDA may issue a 510(k) clearance letter stating that the product is substantially equivalent to another and the product can now be sold in the US. On average, two 90 day FDA review cycles are typically required after submission to obtain market clearance of a new Class II IVD product.
High-risk products, such as our HC2 HPV test are Class III, and require FDA approval prior to product sale. The premarket approval application (PMA) includes analytical and external clinical data to prove product safety and effectiveness. PMA submissions also include the product handbook and description of manufacturing/quality control procedures. Product changes after approval typically require a supplemental submission with FDA review cycles ranging from 30 to 180 days.
For Class I and II products, FDA may review manufacturing information during regular GMP audits of the manufacturing site. For Class III products, FDA conducts mandatory Quality System/Good Clinical Practice audits of the manufacturing and external clinical data collection sites during its 180 day review.
Any products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA clearances or approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including record keeping requirements and reporting of adverse experiences with the use of the device. Device manufacturers are required to register their establishments and list their devices with the FDA and are subject to periodic inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies. Noncompliance with applicable FDA requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, recalls or seizures of products, total or partial suspension of production, failure of the government to grant pre-market clearance or pre-market approval for devices, withdrawal of marketing clearances and/or approvals and criminal prosecution. The FDA also has the authority to request repair, replacement or refund of the cost of any device that we manufacture or distribute.
The FDA enforces regulations prohibiting the promotion of devices for unapproved (or off label) uses and the promotion of devices for which pre-market clearance or approval has not been obtained. Any failure by us to comply with these requirements can result in regulatory enforcement action by the FDA and possible limitations on the promotion and/or sale of our products.
Receipt and maintenance of regulatory authorization to market and sell our products is vital to our future success. In addition to seeking regulatory authorizations for our own products, we work with other companies to seek regulatory approval for use of their specimen collection products to provide the specimens necessary to perform our diagnostic tests. The time, money and resources required for new product approvals by the FDA and foreign government authorities may be unpredictable and the necessary approvals or clearances may not be granted on a timely basis or at all. Delays or a failure to receive, such approvals or clearances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Organizational Structure
QIAGEN N.V. is the holding for more than 60 consolidated subsidiaries, the majority of which have the primary function of the distribution of our products and services on a regional basis. Certain subsidiaries also have research and development or production activities. A listing of our significant subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned, and their jurisdiction of incorporation, is included in Exhibit 8.1 to this Annual Report.
Description of Property
Our production and manufacturing facilities for consumables products are located in Germany, the United States and China. Our instrument production facilities are located in Switzerland and Australia. Over the last several years, we have made investments in automated and interchangeable production equipment to increase our production capacity and improve efficiency. Our production and manufacturing operations are highly integrated and benefit from sophisticated inventory control. Our production management personnel are highly qualified and
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many have advanced degrees in engineering, business and science. We have also installed and continue to expand production-planning systems that are included in our integrated information and control system based on the business software package SAP R/3 from SAP AG. Worldwide, we use SAP software to integrate our material operating subsidiaries. Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment totaled $39.4 million, $34.5 million and $29.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
We have an established quality system, including standard manufacturing and documentation procedures, intended to ensure that products are produced and tested in accordance with the FDAs Quality System Regulations, which imposes current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) requirements. For cGMP production, special areas were built in our facilities in Hilden, Germany, and Germantown and Gaithersburg, Maryland. These facilities operate in accordance with cGMP requirements.
The consumable products manufactured at QIAGEN GmbH and QIAGEN Hamburg GmbH, both in Germany, and QIAGEN Sciences, Inc. and QIAGEN Gaithersburg, Inc., both in Maryland, are produced under ISO 9001: 2000, ISO 13485:2003 for Medical Devices, and ISO 13485:2003 CMDCAS, and the EC Directive 98/79/EC for medical devices. QIAGEN Instruments AG in Switzerland, which produces the majority of our instrumentation product line, is also ISO 9001: 2000 and 13485:2003 certified. Our certifications form part of our ongoing commitment to provide our customers high quality, state-of-the-art sample and assay technologies and to the development of our Total Quality Management system.
Our facilities in Hilden, Germany currently occupy a total of approximately 509,000 square feet, some of which is leased pursuant to separate contracts, the last of which expires in 2018. In two separate transactions between July 1997 and February 1998, we purchased a parcel of land directly adjacent to our existing German facilities, measuring approximately 549,000 square feet. During 2003, we completed a 115,000 square foot production facility and a 149,000 square foot administration building on this land. During 2005, we purchased our leased cGMP production facilities in Germany and began the planning for a new logistics center in Hilden. Construction on the new facility began in August 2006 and was completed in 2007. The new logistics center comprises approximately 61,000 square feet and cost approximately EUR 9.0 million (approximately $13.1 million). We are currently contemplating an expansion to our Hilden facility that would expand our office, lab and manufacturing space and in January 2009 purchased a building adjacent to our current facility for EUR 2.5 million (approximately $3.2 million). We are still in the planning phase and construction could potentially begin in 2009. This new construction would be financed either through working capital or new borrowing.
Our production capacity is increased through our manufacturing and research facilities in the United States. QIAGEN Sciences, Inc. owns a 24-acre site in Germantown, Maryland. The 200,000 square foot Germantown facility consists of several buildings in a campus-like arrangement and is intended to accommodate over 300 employees. There is room for future expansion of up to 400,000 square feet of additional facility space. We lease a facility in Gaithersburg, Maryland, comprising a total of 140,000 square feet for manufacturing, warehousing, distribution and research operations. We are in the planning stage of an expansion of our Germantown facility which would expand our office, lab and manufacturing space. Construction could potentially begin in 2009 and would be financed either through working capital or new borrowings.
Other subsidiaries throughout the world lease smaller amounts of space. Our corporate headquarters are located in leased office space in Venlo, The Netherlands.
We believe that our existing and planned production and distribution facilities can support our anticipated production needs for the next 36 months. Our production and manufacturing operations are subject to various federal, state, and local laws and regulations including environmental regulations. We believe we do not have any material issues relating to these laws and regulations.
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
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Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
This section contains a number of forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current management expectations, and actual results may differ materially. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ from managements expectations are those described in Risk Factors above, and Forward-looking and Cautionary Statements below.
Forwardlooking and Cautionary Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties. These statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as believe, hope, plan, intend, seek, may, will, could, should, would, expect, anticipate, estimate, continue or other similar words. Such statements are based on managements current expectations and are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. We caution investors that there can be no assurance that actual results or business conditions will not differ materially from those projected or suggested in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, the following: risks associated with our expansion of operations, including the acquisition of new businesses; variability in our operating results from quarter to quarter; management of growth, international operations, and dependence on key personnel; intense competition; technological change; our ability to develop and protect proprietary products and technologies and to enter into collaborative commercial relationships; our future capital requirements; general economic conditions and capital market fluctuations; and uncertainties as to the extent of future government regulation of our business. As a result, our future success involves a high degree of risk. For further information, refer to the more specific risks and uncertainties discussed under the caption Risk Factors in Item 3 and throughout this Form 20-F.
Results of Operations
Overview
We believe, based on the nature of our products and technologies and our United States and European market shares, as supported by independent market studies, that we are the worlds leading provider of innovative sample and assay technologies and products. Sample technologies are used to isolate DNA, RNA and proteins from any biological sample. Assay technologies are then used to make specific target biomolecules, such as the DNA of a specific virus, visible for subsequent analysis. Our products are considered standards in areas such as pre-analytical sample preparation and assay solutions in research for life sciences, applied testing and molecular diagnostics.
We have developed more than 500 consumable products and automated solutions. We sell these products to academic research markets, leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and molecular diagnostics laboratories as well as customers in applied testing markets, such as forensics, animal or food testing, and pharmaceutical process control. These products enable our customers to efficiently pursue their research and commercial goals that require the use of nucleic acids.
We market our products in more than 40 countries throughout the world. We have established subsidiaries in the markets that we believe have the greatest sales potentialincluding but not limited to throughout Europe and Asia, the Americas, Australia and Canada. We also have specialized independent distributors and importers. We employ more than 3,000 people in over 20 locations worldwide.
Since 2003, we have had a compound annual growth rate of approximately 21% in net sales and net income based on reported U.S. GAAP results. We have funded our growth through internally generated funds, debt, and private and public sales of equity securities. In recent years, we have made a number of strategic acquisitions and disposals expanding and focusing our technology and product offerings.
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These transactions include:
| In October 2008, we acquired all assets to the Biosystems Business from Biotage AB, a publicly listed developer, manufacturer and distributor of products for genetic analysis and medicinal chemistry headquartered in Uppsala, Sweden. The assets acquired also include the purchase of the remaining 17.5% of the outstanding stock of Corbett Life Science Pte. Ltd. (Corbett). |
| In July 2008, we acquired a major stake in Corbett, a privately-held developer, manufacturer, and distributor of life sciences instrumentation headquartered in Sydney, Australia. Corbett is best known for having developed the worlds first rotary real-time PCR cycler system the Rotor-Gene a system used to detect real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions which make specific sequences of DNA and RNA targets visible through amplification and quantifiable through real-time measurement of such amplification. The addition of this proprietary PCR detection technology extends our molecular testing solution portfolio and enhances our options to offer sample and assay technology solutions spanning from sample to result. |
| In February 2008, we acquired a business unit from Diagnostic Technology Pty. Ltd., located in Belrose, Australia, which relates to the distribution of products in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Malaysia. In May 2008, we established QIAGEN Mexico via the acquisition of certain assets of our former life science distributor Quimica Valaner. In July 2008, we acquired the minority interest of our Brazilian subsidiary, QIAGEN Brasil Biotecnologia Ltda. |
| In July 2007, we completed the acquisition of Digene Corporation (NASDAQ: DIGE) through a tender offer and subsequent merger of Digene with and into a wholly-owned subsidiary of QIAGEN N.V. Following the completion of the merger, Digene became a wholly-owned subsidiary of QIAGEN North American Holdings, Inc. and was subsequently renamed QIAGEN Gaithersburg, Inc. The merger combines our leading portfolio of sample and assay technologies, including a broad panel of molecular diagnostic tests, with Digenes leadership in HPV-targeted molecular diagnostic testing, creating a global leader in molecular diagnostics outside blood screening and viral load monitoring. |
| In July 2007, we completed our acquisition of eGene, Inc. (OTCBB: EGEI) pursuant to which eGene became a wholly-owned subsidiary of QIAGEN North American Holdings, Inc. eGene is an early-stage company located in Irvine, California that has developed and is commercializing a patented sample separation and analysis technology based on capillary electrophoresis. |
| In the fourth quarter of 2006, we completed the acquisition of Genaco Biomedical Products, Inc., located in Huntsville, Alabama. Genaco is an early-stage company applying a proprietary PCR-based multiplexing technology, Tem-PCR, to develop Templex molecular diagnostic tests. Multiplexing is a rapidly emerging segment in molecular diagnostics and is also highly synergistic with our portfolio of qPCR-based molecular diagnostic assays which in the segment of infectious disease diagnostics is considered to be the broadest in the world. In the fourth quarter of 2006, we also acquired former distributors PhileKorea Technology Inc., located in Daejeon, Korea, and ATC Health Products Ltd., located in Ankara, Turkey. |
| In the second quarter of 2006, we completed the acquisitions of Gentra Systems, Inc., located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Singapore-based Research Biolabs Pte. Ltd., and Research Biolabs Sdn Bhd, located in Malaysia. Gentra is a leading developer, manufacturer, and supplier of non-solid phase nucleic acid purification products, providing both consumables and automated platforms. The acquisition expands our position as a leading provider of preanalytical and molecular diagnostics solutions to research and diagnostic customers. The acquisition of Research Biolabs, previously our distributor, expands our direct presence in one of the most dynamic regions of our global business. Research Biolabs currently has sales and marketing teams in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, and will also support market development in Thailand and Vietnam. |
| During the first quarter of 2006, we completed two acquisitions. PG Biotech Co. Ltd. (PG Biotech) is a leading developer, manufacturer, and supplier of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular |
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diagnostic kits in China. The acquisition will support QIAGENs position as a leading provider of molecular diagnostics solutions to OEM partners and customers in the rapidly growing Asian markets. We also acquired certain assets and operations from Diatech s.r.l., Jesi, Italy, which distributes products produced by artus Gesellschaft fur molekularbiologische Diagnostik und Entwicklung mbH, which we acquired in 2005, in Italy. |
In 2008, on a consolidated basis, operating income increased to $145.7 million compared to $83.1 million in 2007. Our operating income was impacted by growth in consumables and instrument product sales, which experienced growth of 36% and 51% in 2008 as compared to 40% each in 2007, respectively. Our financial results include the contributions of our recent acquisitions from the date of their acquisition, as well as the costs related to the acquisitions and integrations, including charges for purchased in-process research and development and costs related to the relocation and closure of certain facilities in North America. Our results also reflect the benefits of our previous restructuring efforts, which have contributed to improved profitability as we continue to manage our operating costs.
In 2007, on a consolidated basis, operating income decreased to $83.1 million, compared to $100.6 million in 2006 primarily due to an in-process research and development charge of $25.9 million.
We manage our business based on the locations of our subsidiaries. Therefore, reportable segments are based on the geographic locations of our subsidiaries. Our reportable segments include our production, manufacturing and sales facilities located throughout the world. In addition, the Corporate segment includes our holding company located in The Netherlands, two subsidiaries located in Germany and one in Australia which operate only in a corporate support function. The reportable segments derive revenues from our entire product and service offerings. Our Luxembourg subsidiaries, QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A., or QIAGEN Finance, and QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A., or Euro Finance, which were established as financing vehicles for the issuance of convertible debt, are not consolidated.
The following table sets forth operating income by segment for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006. Further segment information can be found in Note 19 in the accompanying financial statements.
Operating Income (Loss) (in thousands) |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Americas |
$ | 66,962 | $ | 14,605 | $ | 31,414 | ||||||
Germany |
71,786 | 63,769 | 53,956 | |||||||||
Switzerland |
(8,249 | ) | (391 | ) | (1,558 | ) | ||||||
Asia |
905 | 5,941 | 8,302 | |||||||||
All Other |
32,683 | 21,922 | 15,594 | |||||||||
Corporate |
(16,552 | ) | (20,051 | ) | (6,550 | ) | ||||||
Subtotal |
147,535 | 85,795 | 101,158 | |||||||||
Intersegment Elimination |
(1,873 | ) | (2,662 | ) | (557 | ) | ||||||
Total |
$ | 145,662 | $ | 83,133 | $ | 100,601 | ||||||
In 2008, operating income in the Americas increased compared to the same period in 2007, primarily due to the July 2007 acquisitions which contributed for the entire year in 2008 versus a partial year in 2007. Additionally, the third quarter 2007 includes a charge of $25.9 million for purchased in-process research and development. While sales increased during 2008 as a result of acquisitions and organic growth, expenses in the Americas, including the amortization of acquired intangibles, were also higher following the acquisitions and ongoing integration efforts.
In Germany, operating income was higher in 2008, compared to 2007, primarily due to increased sales, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses.
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In Switzerland, the decrease in operating income in 2008, as compared to 2007, was primarily due to an increase in research and development expense, partially offset by an increase in instrumentation sales.
The net decrease in operating income in our Asia segment in 2008 compared to 2007 is primarily due to an increase in operating expense in China, as a result of opening our new China sales office, located in Shanghai.
The increase in operating income in 2008 in our All Other segment is primarily due to the July 2008 acquisition of Corbett.
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to 2007
Net Sales
In 2008, net sales increased 37% to $893.0 million compared to $649.8 million in 2007. Our 2008 net sales include the results of operations of Corbett, which was acquired in July 2008, as well as Digene and eGene, which were acquired in the third quarter of 2007. The increase in total sales includes organic growth (13%), sales from our recently acquired businesses (22%), and the impact of foreign exchange rates (2%). Net sales are attributed to countries based on the location of the subsidiary recording the sale. In 2008, net sales in Germany increased by 25%, net sales in Asia increased by 25%, primarily driven by Singapore, China, and Korea, net sales in the Americas increased by 46% and net sales in all other countries increased by 38%, which includes the results of Corbett. The increase in sales in each of these regions was the result of an increase in sales of our sample and assay technologies, which represented approximately 88% of total sales, and instrumentation products, which represented approximately 11% of total sales. Sales of sample and assay technologies which include consumables and instrumentation experienced growth rates of 36% and 51%, respectively, in 2008 as compared to 2007. The current global financial crisis exposes us to the risk of a recession and while we expect continued growth in both our consumables and instrumentation businesses, it may be lower than our historical growth. Additionally, if the financial crisis endures too long and is not addressed promptly and effectively future growth could be adversely effected.
We regularly introduce new products in order to extend the life of our existing product lines as well as to address new market opportunities. In 2008, we launched more than 80 new products in the area of sample & assay technologies, including the QIAxcel for fully automated capillary electrophoresis to separate and analyze DNA, RNA and proteins, the QIAsymphonySP, the first system of a novel modular processing platform which can be integrated to automate entire sample and assay technology-related workflows and the EZ1 Advanced, the next generation of our successful EZ1 for the fully automated low throughput sample preparation with prefilled cartridges. In addition, we launched a number of assay technologies including two tests for the applied testing markets to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD) in cattle and Taylorella equigenitalis in horses, a series of products for analyzing genetic differences and micro RNA (miRNA) analysis as well as a CE-marked test for the detection and quantification of Malaria (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae), the next generation of multiplex detection of respiratory viral targets (ResPlex II Panel v 2.0) and a molecular diagnostic assay in the EU to type the HLA-B*5701 allele, a genetic variation in the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) system, causing adverse reactions in AIDS patients.
A significant portion of our revenues is denominated in euros and currencies other than the United States dollar. Changes in exchange rates can affect the growth rate of net sales, potentially to a significant degree. For the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to the same period in 2007, using the 2007 foreign exchange rates for both periods, net sales would have increased approximately by 35% as compared to the reported increases of 37%.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $599.7 million, or 67% of net sales, in the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to $433.5 million, or 67% of net sales, in 2007. The absolute dollar increase in 2008 compared to 2007 is attributable to the increase in net sales. Our sample and assay products have a higher gross margin than our
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instrumentation products, and fluctuations in the sales levels of these products can result in fluctuations in our gross margin during a quarter when compared to the gross margin of another quarter. During 2008 and 2007, sample and assay product sales represented approximately 88% and 89% of our total sales, respectively. The gross margin in 2008 as compared to 2007 reflects an increase in sample and assay sales at a more favorable margin, offset by an increase in amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.
Amortization expense related to developed technology and patent and license rights, which have been acquired in a business combination, is included in cost of sales. The amortization expense on acquisition-related intangibles within cost of sales increased to $48.7 million in 2008 as compared to $23.6 million in 2007. The increase in amortization expense is the result of an increase in intangibles acquired in our recent business combinations, namely Corbett and Digene which were acquired in July 2008 and 2007, respectively. We expect that our acquisition-related intangible amortization will continue to increase as a result of our acquisitions.
In addition, during 2008 a total of $1.4 million was expensed to acquisition-related cost of sales related to the write-up of acquired inventory to fair market value as a result of the 2008 business combinations. In accordance with purchase accounting rules, acquired inventory was written-up to fair market value and subsequently expensed as the inventory was sold. During 2007, a total of $2.8 million was expensed to acquisition-related cost of sales and included approximately $300,000 of inventory, which was written off as a result of the Digene and eGene acquisitions as well as $2.5 million in cost related to the write-up of acquired inventory to fair market value as a result of the 2007 business combinations.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased 50% to $97.3 million (11% of net sales) in 2008 compared to $64.9 million (10% of net sales) in the same period of 2007. Using identical foreign exchange rates for both years, research and development expenses increased approximately 44%. Our 2007 and 2008 acquisitions, along with the acquisition of new technologies, have resulted in an increase in our research and development costs. As we continue to discover, develop and acquire new products and technologies, we will incur additional expense related to research and development facilities, licenses and employees engaged in our research and development efforts. Additionally, our research and development costs are expected to increase as a result of seeking regulatory approvals, including US FDA Pre-Market Approval (PMA), US FDA 510(k) and EU CE approval of certain assays or instruments. We have a strong commitment to research and development and anticipate that research and development expenses will continue to increase, perhaps significantly.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses increased 38% to $227.4 million (25% of net sales) in 2008 from $164.7 million (25% of net sales) in 2007. Using identical foreign exchange rates for both years, sales and marketing expenses increased 35%. Sales and marketing expenses are primarily associated with personnel, commissions, advertising, trade shows, publications, freight and logistics expenses and other promotional expenses. The increase in sales and marketing expenses in 2008 as compared to 2007 is primarily due to our acquisitions of Corbett and Digene in July of 2008 and 2007, respectively, through which we acquired over 200 sales and marketing personnel. In addition, the sales and marketing expenses include the costs of maintaining separate sales organizations addressing customers in industrial and academic research, applied testing and molecular diagnostics. We anticipate that sales and marketing costs will continue to increase along with new product introductions and continued growth in sales of our products.
General and Administrative, Integration and Other Costs
General and administrative, business integration, restructuring and related costs increased 31% to $113.9 million (13% of net sales) in 2008 from $87.2 million (13% of net sales) in 2007. Using identical foreign exchange rates for both years, these expenses increased approximately 28%. The increase in these expenses in
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2008 is partly the result of general and administrative expenses related to our new businesses acquired in 2008, which have expanded our presence in Australia, as well as the full years expense from our 2007 acquisitions. Further, we have continued to incur integration costs for businesses acquired in 2007 as well as for the new businesses acquired in 2008. General and administrative expenses primarily represent the costs required to support our administrative infrastructure which generally has continued to expand along with our growth. Included in these costs are $8.1 million in 2008 and $7.2 million in 2007 for legal costs related to litigation assumed in connection with the acquisitions of Digene and Corbett. In connection with the integration of the acquired companies, we aim to improve efficiency in general and administrative operations. As we further integrate the acquired companies, we expect to continue to incur additional business integration costs in 2009. We believe that over time the results of the integration activities will result in a decrease in our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales.
Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization
Amortization expense related to developed technology and patent and license rights, which have been acquired in a business combination, is included in cost of sales. Amortization of trademarks, customer base and non-compete agreements, which have been acquired in a business combination, is recorded in operating expense under the caption acquisition-related intangible amortization. Amortization expenses of intangible assets not acquired in a business combination are recorded within either cost of sales, research and development or sales and marketing line items based on the use of the asset.
During 2008, the amortization expense on acquisition-related intangibles within operating expense increased to $14.4 million compared to $7.7 million in 2007. The increase in expense is the result of an increase in amortized intangibles acquired in our recent business combinations. We expect that our acquisition-related intangible amortization will continue to increase as a result of our acquisitions.
Purchased In-Process Research and Development
Purchased in-process research and development costs represent the value assigned to research and development projects which were commenced but not yet completed at the date of acquisition, technological feasibility for these projects has not been established and they have no alternative future use in research and development activities or otherwise. In connection with our 2008 acquisition of Corbett, we recorded charges of $985,000 for purchased in-process research and development. In connection with the acquisitions in 2007, we recorded a charge of $25.9 million for purchased in-process research and development which included $900,000 related to eGene and $25.0 million related to Digene. For further information on the purchased in-process research and development, see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 18.
Other Income (Expense)
Other expense was $26.4 million in 2008, as compared to other expense of $7.4 million in 2007. This increase in expense was mainly due to higher interest expense, lower interest income and the impairment of a cost-method investment. During the third quarter of 2008, in connection with the acquisition of Corbett, we recorded a $4.0 million impairment of a cost-method investment based on an assessment of the recoverability of the investment amount. Following the acquisition of Corbett, we anticipated a change in our purchasing pattern of the investees products, which is expected to negatively impact the forecasted financial condition of the investee. Accordingly, we believe the known impact to the investees financial condition, absent other evidence indicating a realizable value of the investment, indicated that the recoverability of the asset through future cash flows was not considered likely enough to support the carrying value.
For the year ended December 31, 2008, interest income decreased to $9.5 million from $19.5 million in 2007. The decrease in interest income was due to a decrease in the amount of investments along with a decline in interest rates.
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Interest expense increased to $37.5 million in 2008 compared to $31.5 million in 2007. Interest costs primarily relate to the $500.0 million term loan obtained in July 2007 in connection with the Digene acquisition and our long-term borrowings from QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance. The increase in interest expense in 2008 as compared to 2007 is primarily due to the interest expense on the new term loan obtained in July 2007 which is tied to LIBOR plus a margin.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes is based upon the estimated annual effective tax rates. Fluctuations in the distribution of pre-tax income among our operating subsidiaries can lead to fluctuations of the effective tax rate in the consolidated financial statements. Our operating subsidiaries are exposed to effective tax rates ranging from zero up to approximately 42%.
In 2008 and 2007, our effective tax rates were 25% and 34%, respectively. The effective tax rates during 2008 and 2007 are impacted as a result of non-recurring acquisition-related charges which were recorded without any related tax benefit. In 2008, an increasing portion of our pre-tax income is attributable to subsidiaries with lower effective tax rates as compared to 2007. In 2008, the German tax rate decreased to 30% as compared to 39% in 2007. Further, the effective tax rates during 2007 are impacted as a result of the $25.9 million purchased in-process research and development charge which was recorded without any related tax benefit.
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006
Net Sales
In 2007, net sales increased 40% to $649.8 million compared to $465.8 million in 2006. In 2007 compared to 2006, net sales in Germany increased 19%, net sales in Asia increased 41%, primarily driven by Singapore, China, and Korea, net sales in the Americas increased 53%, primarily due to the acquisition of Digene, and net sales in all other countries increased 35%. The increase in sales in each of these regions was the result of an increase in our consumable and instrumentation products, which both experienced overall growth rates of 40% in 2007 as compared to 2006. The increase in consumable sales includes organic growth (12%), sales from our recently acquired businesses (22%), and the impact of foreign exchange rates (6%). During 2007, sales from our instrumentation products increased primarily due to the launch of our new QIAcube system. Sales of our other offerings, primarily services, which represented 1% of our 2007 net sales, increased 30% in 2007 as compared to 2006.
We regularly introduce new products in order to extend the life of our existing product lines as well as to address new market opportunities. During 2007, we introduced 72 new products, including innovative sample and assay technologies for research in the areas of epigenetics, gene expression, micro RNA, proteomics, RNAi, applied testing and molecular diagnostics as well as innovative platform solutions such as the QIAcube.
A significant portion of our revenues is denominated in euros and currencies other than the United States dollar. Changes in exchange rates can affect the growth rate of net sales. For the year ended December 31, 2007 as compared to 2006, using the 2006 foreign exchange rates for both periods, net sales would have increased approximately 34% as compared to the reported increase of 40%.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $433.5 million, or 67% of net sales, in the year ended December 31, 2007 as compared to $318.5 million, or 68% of net sales, in 2006. The absolute dollar increase in 2007 compared to 2006 is attributable to the increase in net sales. The gross margin of 67% in 2007 as compared to the gross margin of 68% in 2006 reflects the impact of an increase in acquisition related costs and instrumentation sales, partially offset by the increase in consumable product sales.
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During 2007, a total of $2.8 million was expensed to acquisition-related costs within cost of sales. Included within this amount is approximately $300,000 of inventory which has been written off as a result of the acquisitions as well as $2.5 million related to the write-up of acquired inventory to fair market value as a result of a business combination. In accordance with purchase accounting rules, acquired inventory was recorded at fair market value and subsequently expensed as the inventory was sold.
In connection with our 2006 acquisitions, during the year ended December 31, 2006, we recorded a charge of $2.0 million related to inventory which needed to be replaced with products suitable to the newly acquired technologies.
Further, amortization expense related to developed technology and patent and license rights which have been acquired in a business combination is included in cost of sales. The amortization expense on acquisition related intangibles within cost of sales increased to $23.6 million in 2007 as compared to $6.1 million in 2006. The increase in amortization expense is the result of an increase in intangibles acquired in our recent business combinations. We expect that our acquisition related intangible amortization will continue to increase as a result of our acquisitions.
We experienced increased instrument sales in 2007, including sales of our QIAcube instrument which began shipping in April 2007. Our instrumentation products have a lower gross margin than our consumable products, and fluctuations in the sales levels of these products can result in fluctuation in our gross margin when compared to the gross margin of another period. During both 2007 and 2006, instrumentation sales represented approximately 10% of our total sales.
Our consumable sales in 2007 represent approximately 90% of our total sales and increased 40% over sales in 2006. In 2007, the gross margin on our consumable products increased primarily as a result of product sales from our recently acquired businesses.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased 56% to $64.9 million (10% of net sales) in 2007 compared to $41.6 million (9% of net sales) in 2006. Using identical foreign exchange rates for both years, research and development expenses increased approximately 47%. Our recent acquisitions of Digene and eGene, along with the acquisition of new technologies, have resulted in an increase in our research and development costs. As we continue to expand our research activities and product development capabilities, additional expense will be incurred related to research and development facility costs and the employees engaged in our research and development efforts. Additionally, our research and development costs are expected to increase as we incur costs in connection with obtaining 510(k) and CE approval of our assays. We have a strong commitment to research and development and anticipate that research and development expenses will continue to increase, perhaps significantly.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses increased 42% to $164.7 million (25% of net sales) in 2007 from $115.9 million (25% of net sales) in 2006. Using identical foreign exchange rates for both years, sales and marketing expenses increased 37%. Sales and marketing expenses are primarily associated with personnel, commissions, advertising, trade shows, publications, freight and logistics expenses and other promotional expenses. The increase in sales and marketing expenses in 2007 as compared to 2006 is primarily due to our third quarter acquisition of Digene through which we acquired an additional 200 sales and marketing personnel. In addition the sales and marketing expenses include the costs of maintaining separate sales organizations addressing customers in industrial and academic research, applied testing and molecular diagnostics. We anticipate that sales and marketing costs will continue to increase along with new product introductions and continued growth in sales of our products.
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General and Administrative, Integration and Other Costs
General and administrative, integration and other costs increased 55% to $87.2 million (13% of net sales) in 2007 from $56.1 million (12% of net sales) in 2006. These expenses primarily represent the costs required to support our administrative infrastructure which, except for the period following our restructuring, has continued to expand along with our growth, as well as costs The increase in general and administrative expenses in 2007 is primarily the result of expenses related to the new subsidiaries in North America acquired during 2007, Digene and eGene, including $7.2 million for legal costs related to assumed litigation as well as costs related to the integration of the new businesses. In 2007 and 2006 we incurred costs related to the restructuring of acquired businesses located in Norway and North America for which a restructuring was not contemplated at the time of acquisition. The restructuring was completed in 2007 at total cost of approximately $2.0 million, of which approximately $500,000 was recorded in 2007 and $1.5 million in 2006. In 2007, we commenced the restructuring of our Huntsville, Alabama facility. The restructuring was completed during 2008.
Acquisition-Related Intangible Amortization
Amortization expense related to developed technology and patent and license rights which have been acquired in a business combination is included in cost of sales. Amortization of trademarks, customer base and non-compete agreements which have been acquired in a business combination is recorded in operating expense under the caption acquisition related intangible amortization. Amortization expenses of intangible assets not acquired in a business combination are recorded within either the cost of sales, research and development or sales and marketing line items based on the use of the asset.
During 2007, the amortization expense on acquisition-related intangibles within operating expense increased to $7.7 million compared to $2.1 million in 2006. The increase in expense is the result of an increase in amortized intangibles acquired in our recent business combinations. We expect that our acquisition-related intangible amortization will continue to increase as a result of our acquisitions.
Purchased In-Process Research and Development
In connection with our acquisitions in 2007, we recorded a charge of $25.9 million for purchased in-process research and development. This amount represents $900,000 related to the acquisition of eGene and $25.0 million related to the acquisition of Digene Corporation and represents the value assigned to research and development projects which were commenced but not yet completed at the date of acquisition, technological feasibility for these projects has not been established and they have no alternative future use in research and development activities or otherwise. For further information on the purchased in-process research and development, see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 18.
Other Income (Expense)
Other expense was $7.4 million in 2007 compared to other income of $5.5 million in 2006. This increase in expense was mainly due to higher interest expense.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, interest income increased to $19.5 million from $16.4 million in 2006. The increase in interest income was primarily the result of an increase in interest rates. At December 31, 2007, we had $347.3 million in cash and cash equivalents compared to $430.4 million at December 31, 2006. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents is primarily due to the use of cash to acquire eGene and Digene during the third quarter of 2007.
Interest expense increased to $31.5 million in 2007 compared to $11.9 million in 2006. Interest costs relate to the $500.0 million term loan obtained in July 2007 in connection with the Digene acquisition and our long-term borrowings from QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance. The increase in interest expense in 2007 as compared to 2006 is primarily due to the interest expense on the new term loan obtained in July 2007.
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In 2007, research and development grant income from European, as well as German, state and federal government grants increased to $1.8 million from $795,000 in 2006. We conduct significant research and development activities in Germany, and expect to continue to apply for such research and development grants in the future.
We recorded a gain from foreign currency transactions of $2.0 million in 2007 as compared to a loss of $660,000 in 2006. The gain or loss from foreign currency transactions reflects net effects from conducting business in different currencies. See Currency Fluctuations.
In 2007, we recorded a net gain from equity method investees of $1.6 million compared to $1.3 million in 2006. The gain primarily represents our share of profits from our equity investment in PreAnalytiX. As previously disclosed, we intend to continue to make strategic investments in complementary businesses as the opportunities arise. During 2007, we entered into a joint venture with BioOne*Capital to establish Dx Assay Pte Ltd, one of the first centers in Singapore for assay development in which molecular diagnostics for infectious and genetic diseases will be developed. Accordingly, we may record losses on equity investments based on our ownership interest in such companies.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes is based upon the estimated annual effective tax rates. Fluctuations in the distribution of pre-tax income among our operating subsidiaries can lead to fluctuations of the effective tax rate in the consolidated financial statements. Our operating subsidiaries are exposed to effective tax rates ranging from zero up to approximately 42%. During 2007, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.
In 2007 and 2006, our effective tax rate was 34%. The effective tax rates during 2007 and 2006 are impacted as a result of non-recurring acquisition related charges which were recorded without any related tax benefit. Further, effective January 1, 2007, The Netherlands corporate tax rate decreased to 25.5% from 29.6%. In addition, our newer subsidiaries in Asia, including Singapore and Korea which joined the consolidated group in the later half of 2006, have lower tax rates of 18% and 27%, respectively. Thus, in 2007, an increasing portion of our pre-tax income is attributable to subsidiaries with lower effective tax rates as compared to 2006. In addition, due to the expiration of the statute of limitations, $2.2 million of tax benefits have been recognized during 2007. In future periods, we expect that the adoption of FIN 48 may result in greater volatility in the effective tax rate. In 2008, the German tax rate decreased to 30% from 39% which positively impacted our 2008 consolidated effective tax rate.
Foreign Currency
QIAGEN N.V.s functional currency is the U.S. dollar and our subsidiaries functional currencies are the local currency of the respective countries in which they are headquartered, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation. All amounts in the financial statements of entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollar equivalents at exchange rates as follows: (1) assets and liabilities at period-end rates, (2) income statement accounts at average exchange rates for the period, and (3) components of shareholders equity at historical rates. Translation gains or losses are recorded in shareholders equity, and transaction gains and losses are reflected in net income. The net gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions in 2008, 2007 and 2006 was ($230,000), $2.0 million and ($660,000), respectively, and is included in other income (expense), net.
Derivatives and Hedging
In the ordinary course of business, we use derivative instruments, including swaps, forwards and/or options, to manage potential losses from foreign currency exposures and variable rate debt. The principal objective of
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such derivative instruments is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with global financial and operating activities. We do not utilize derivative or other financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. We account for derivative instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities and related guidance which require that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet, measure those instruments at fair value and recognize the change in fair value in earnings in the period of change, unless the derivative qualifies as an effective hedge that offsets certain exposures. In determining fair value, we consider both the counterparty credit risk and our own creditworthiness. To determine our own credit risk we estimated our own credit rating by benchmarking the price of our outstanding debt to publicly-available comparable data from rated companies. Using the estimated rating, we quantified our credit risk by reference to publicly-traded debt with a corresponding rating.
Foreign Currency Derivatives. As a globally active enterprise, we are subject to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currencies in our ordinary operations. This includes foreign currency-denominated receivables, payables, debt, and other balance sheet positions. We manage our balance sheet exposure on a group-wide basis primarily using foreign exchange forward contracts.
Interest Rate Derivatives. We use interest rate derivative contracts on certain borrowing transactions to hedge fluctuating interest rates. We have entered into interest rate swaps in which we agree to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and floating interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount.
We make use of economic hedges, i.e. derivatives that do not have a formally designated hedging relationship as well as SFAS 133-qualifying accounting hedges. All derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting in accordance with SFAS 133 are cash-flow hedges. Further details of our derivative and hedging activities can be found in Note 6 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
To date, we have funded our business primarily through internally generated funds, debt and the private and public sales of equity. Our primary use of cash has been to support continuing operations and our capital expenditure requirements including acquisitions. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents of $333.3 million and $347.3 million, respectively, and investments in current marketable securities of $2.3 million at December 31, 2007. Cash and cash equivalents are primarily held in U.S. dollars, euros and Australian dollars, other than those cash balances maintained in the local currency of subsidiaries to meet local working capital needs. At December 31, 2008, cash and cash equivalents had decreased by $14.0 million from December 31, 2007 primarily due to cash provided by operating activities of $173.0 million and financing activities of $12.8 million, offset by cash used in investing activities of $210.5 million. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had working capital of $441.2 million and $482.2 million, respectively.
Operating Activities. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, we generated net cash from operating activities of $173.0 million and $84.8 million, respectively. Cash provided by operating activities increased in 2008 compared to 2007 primarily due to increases in net income, depreciation and amortization, and accrued and other liabilities, partially offset by an increase in inventories. The increase in net income is primarily attributable to our 2008 sales growth, while the increase in depreciation and amortization is primarily due to our 2007 acquisitions which recorded depreciation and amortization for the full year 2008, as compared to only a partial year in 2007. Further, our depreciation and amortization also increased in connection with the 2008 acquisitions. The increase in accrued and other liabilities reflects higher accruals as a result of our growth, such as accrued payroll and royalties. Additionally, approximately $9.4 million of the increase in accrued and other liabilities is related to the derivative transactions used to offset the effects from short-term balance sheet exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives have been recognized in other income, net. The increase in inventories in 2008 primarily reflects our new product introductions along with increases related to safety stock in order to minimize potential challenges in abilities to supply. Because we
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rely heavily on cash generated from operating activities to fund our business, a decrease in demand for our products, longer collection cycles or significant technological advances of competitors would have a negative impact on our liquidity.
Investing Activities. Approximately $210.5 million of cash was used in investing activities during 2008, compared to $659.7 million during 2007. Investing activities during 2008 consisted principally of cash paid for the acquisition of Corbett and the Biosystems Business along with purchases of property and equipment and intangible assets. In 2007, investing activities consisted principally of cash paid for the acquisitions of Digene and eGene during the third quarter of 2007 partially offset by proceeds from the sale of marketable securities.
In January 2009, we purchased land adjacent to our facility in Germany for EUR 2.5 million (approximately $3.2 million) and are in the planning stage to further expand the German facilities for research and development and production space beginning in 2009 and continuing through 2011 at an estimated investment of EUR 27.6 million. In addition, we are planning for expansions at our Germantown facility for production and administrative space, construction on which may begin in late 2009 and continue through 2011 at an estimated cost of $29.0 million. We anticipate that we will be able to fund such expansions with cash generated by our operating activities.
In connection with certain acquisitions, we could be required to make additional contingent cash payments totaling up to $42.0 million based on the achievement of certain revenue and operating results milestones as follows: $7.9 million in 2009, $15.9 million in 2010, $3.2 million in 2011, $3.5 million in 2012 and $11.5 million payable in any 12 month period from now until 2012 if certain criteria are met. If paid, these contingent payments will be accounted for as additional cash paid for acquisitions.
Financing Activities. Financing activities provided $12.8 million in cash for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $494.1 million for 2007. Cash provided during 2008 was primarily due to the issuance of common shares in connection with our employee stock plans, tax benefits from stock-based compensation and proceeds from a warrant exercise, partially offset by a repayment of debt and capital lease payments. In 2007 cash provided was primarily due to proceeds from debt.
We have credit lines totaling $165.3 million at variable interest rates, $0.1 million of which was utilized as of December 31, 2008. We also have capital lease obligations, including interest, in the amount of $32.7 million, and carry $945.0 million of long-term debt.
In July 2007, we signed a Syndicated Multi-Currency Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement with Deutsche Bank AG, Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A., and the lenders named in the syndication agreement. The lenders made available to us an aggregate amount of $750 million in the form of (1) a $500.0 million term loan, (2) a $100.0 million bridge loan, and (3) a $150.0 million revolving credit facility. Under the agreement, the $500.0 million term loan will mature in July 2012 with an amortization schedule commencing July 2009. The $150.0 million revolving credit facility will also expire in July 2012. The $100.0 million bridge loan was utilized and repaid within the third quarter of 2007. We used the proceeds of the term loan and the bridge loan to pay the cash component of the Digene acquisition consideration and the fees and expenses of the Digene offer and the merger. The revolving credit facility is available for general corporate purposes. The interest due on the $500.0 million term loan and the $150.0 million currently undrawn revolving credit facility is tied to the LIBOR benchmark and therefore variable. A $200.0 million portion of the $500.0 million term loan has been swapped into a fixed interest rate.
We have notes payable, which are the long-term borrowings of the proceeds from the issuances of $150.0 million senior unsubordinated convertible notes, with a 1.5% coupon due in 2024 through QIAGEN Finance (2004 Notes), and of $300.0 million 3.25% senior convertible notes (2006 Notes) due in 2026 through Euro Finance. QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance are unconsolidated subsidiaries which were established for this purpose. At December 31, 2008, $145.0 million and $300.0 million are included in long-term debt for the amount
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of 2004 Notes and 2006 Notes payable to QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance, respectively. In connection with conversion of $5.0 million of the 2004 Notes, we repaid $5.0 million of the debt to QIAGEN Finance. The 2004 Notes have an effective rate of 1.95%, are due in July 2011 and are convertible into our common shares at a conversion price of $12.6449, subject to adjustment. The 2006 Notes have an effective rate of 4.2%, are due in November 2012 and are convertible into our common shares at a conversion price of $20.00, subject to adjustment. QIAGEN N.V. has guaranteed the 2004 and 2006 Notes and has agreements with QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance to issue shares to the investors in the event of conversion. These subscription rights, along with the related receivable, are recorded at fair value in the equity of QIAGEN N.V. as paid-in capital. In November 2008, we issued 395,417 common shares upon the exercise of a portion of the subscription rights in connection the conversion of $5.0 million of the 2004 Notes.
We expect that cash from financing activities will continue to be impacted by issuances of our common shares in connection with our employee stock plans and that the market performance of our stock will impact the timing and volume of the issuances. Additionally, we may make future acquisitions or investments requiring cash payments or the issuance of additional equity or debt financing.
We believe that funds from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents, together with the proceeds from our public and private sales of equity, and availability of financing facilities, will be sufficient to fund our planned operations and expansion during the coming year. However, the global economic downturn may have a greater impact on our business than currently expected, and we may experience a decrease in the sales of our products which could impact our ability to generate cash. The availability of debt financing has also been negatively impacted by the global credit crisis. If our future cash flows from operations and other capital resources are not adequate to fund our liquidity needs, we may be required to obtain additional debt or equity financing or reduce or delay our capital expenditures, acquisitions or research and development projects. If we could not obtain financing on a timely basis or at satisfactory terms, or implement timely reductions in our expenditures, our business could be adversely affected.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Other than our arrangements with QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance as discussed above and in Notes 10, 14 and 18 to the consolidated financial statements, we did not use special purpose entities and do not have off-balance-sheet financing arrangements as of and during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2008, our future contractual cash obligations are as follows:
Contractual obligations (in thousands) |
Total | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||||
Long-term debt |
$ | 945,000 | $ | 25,000 | $ | 50,000 | $ | 220,000 | $ | 650,000 | $ | | $ | | |||||||
Capital lease obligations |
42,363 | 4,971 | 4,964 | 5,000 | 4,989 | 5,055 | 17,384 | ||||||||||||||
Operating leases |
21,988 | 8,399 | 6,660 | 4,301 | 2,025 | 554 | 49 | ||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations |
33,291 | 25,617 | 5,968 | 189 | 181 | 181 | 1,155 | ||||||||||||||
License and royalty payments |
8,752 | 4,670 | 1,212 | 742 | 642 | 670 | 816 | ||||||||||||||
Total contractual cash obligations |
$ | 1,051,394 | $ | 68,657 | $ | 68,804 | $ | 230,232 | $ | 657,837 | $ | 6,460 | $ | 19,404 | |||||||
In addition to the above and pursuant to purchase agreements for several of our recent acquisitions, we could be required to make additional contingent cash payments totaling up to $42.0 million based on revenue and other milestones in 2009 and beyond.
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Liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions, including interest, are currently estimated at $8.3 million and are not included in the table above as we cannot reasonably estimate when, if ever, an amount would be paid to a government agency. Ultimate settlement of these liabilities is dependent on factors outside of our control, such as examinations by each agency and expiration of statutes of limitation for assessment of additional taxes.
Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingencies as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Critical accounting policies are those that require the most complex or subjective judgments often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Thus, to the extent that actual events differ from managements estimates and assumptions, there could be a material impact to the financial statements. In applying our critical accounting policies, at times we used accounting estimates that either required us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the estimate was made or it is reasonably likely that changes in the accounting estimate may occur from period to period that would have a material impact on the presentation of our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Our critical accounting policies are those related to revenue recognition, investments, goodwill and other intangible assets, share-based compensation, income taxes and purchase price allocation. We reviewed the development, selection, and disclosure of our critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of our Supervisory Board.
Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements (SAB 104). SAB 104 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) could require managements judgments regarding the fixed nature of the fee charged for services rendered and products delivered and the collectability of those fees. Should changes in conditions cause management to determine that these criteria are not met for certain future transactions, revenue recognized for any reporting period could be adversely affected.
Investments. We have equity investments accounted for under the cost method. We periodically review the carrying value of these investments for permanent impairment, considering factors such as the most recent stock transactions, book values from the most recent financial statements, and forecasts and expectations of the investee. Estimating the fair value of these non-marketable equity investments in life science companies is inherently subjective, and if actual events differ from managements assumptions, it could require a write-down of the investment that could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
In addition, generally accepted accounting principles require different methods of accounting for an investment depending on the level of control that we exert. Assessing the level of control involves subjective judgments. If managements assumptions with respect to control differ in future periods and we therefore have to account for these investments under a method other than the cost method, it could have a material impact to our financial statements.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. We account for acquisitions under the purchase method of accounting, typically resulting in goodwill. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, requires us to assess goodwill for impairment at least annually in the absence of an indicator of possible impairment and immediately upon an indicator of possible impairment. The statement requires estimates of the fair value of our reporting units. If we determine that the fair values are less than the carrying amount of goodwill recorded, we must recognize an impairment in our financial statements. Due to the numerous variables associated with our judgments and assumptions relating to the valuation of the reporting units and the effects of changes in circumstances affecting these valuations, both the precision and reliability of the resulting estimates are subject to uncertainty, and as additional information becomes known, we may change our estimate.
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At December 31, 2008, goodwill and intangible assets totaled $1.2 billion and $640.3 million, respectively, and were included in the following segments:
Goodwill | Intangibles | |||||
North America |
$ | 954,218 | $ | 485,737 | ||
Germany |
67,715 | 85,154 | ||||
Switzerland |
9,774 | 10,873 | ||||
Asia |
15,694 | 9,855 | ||||
All others |
104,704 | 46,301 | ||||
Corporate |
| 2,389 | ||||
Total |
$ | 1,152,105 | $ | 640,309 | ||
In the fourth quarter of 2008, we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill (using data as of October 1, 2008) in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142. In testing for potential impairment, we measured the estimated fair value of our reporting units based upon discounted future operating cash flows using a discount rate reflecting our estimated average cost of funds. Differences in assumptions used in projecting future operating cash flows and cost of funds could have a significant impact on the determination of impairment amounts. In estimating future cash flows, we used our internal budgets. Our budgets were based on recent sales data for existing products, planned timing of new product launches or capital projects, and customer commitments related to new and existing products. These budgets also included assumptions of future production volumes and pricing. We concluded that no impairment existed. Even if our estimates of projected future cash flows were too high by 10%, there would be no impact on the reported value of goodwill at December 31, 2008.
Due to the numerous variables associated with our judgments and assumptions relating to the valuation of the reporting units and the effects of changes in circumstances affecting these valuations, both the precision and reliability of the resulting estimates are subject to uncertainty, and as additional information becomes known, we may change our estimates.
Share-Based Compensation. Our stock plan, the QIAGEN N.V. Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Plan (the Plan), allows for the granting of stock rights, incentive stock options, as well as for non-qualified options, stock grants and stock based awards. Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of FASB Statement No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, (SFAS 123(R)) and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment, (SAB 107), using the modified prospective transition method. Under the modified prospective transition method, compensation cost recognized in 2006 includes compensation cost for all equity-based payments granted prior to but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123 and compensation cost for all equity-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R).
We use the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model for estimating the fair value of our stock option grants. Option valuation models, including Black-Scholes-Merton, require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the risk-free rate of interest, expected dividend yield, expected volatility, and the expected life of the award. Changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant date fair value of an award.
Income Taxes. The calculation of our tax provision is complex due to the international operations and multiple taxing jurisdictions in which we operate. We have significant deferred tax assets due to net operating losses (NOL). The utilization of NOLs is not assured and is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income in the future. Although management believes it is more likely than not that we will generate sufficient taxable income to utilize all NOL carryforwards, evaluating the NOLs related to our newer subsidiaries requires us to make estimates that we believe are reasonable, but may also be highly uncertain given that we do not have direct experience with such subsidiaries or their products and thus the estimates also may be subject to significant
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changes from period to period as we gain that experience. To the extent that our estimates of future taxable income are insufficient to utilize all available NOLs, a valuation allowance will be recorded in the provision for income taxes in the period the determination is made, and the deferred tax assets will be reduced by this amount, which could be material. In the event that actual circumstances differ from managements estimates, or to the extent that these estimates are adjusted in the future, any changes to the valuation allowance could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
Purchase Price Allocation. The purchase price allocation for acquisitions requires extensive use of accounting estimates and judgments to allocate the purchase price to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired, including in-process research and development, and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. Additionally, we must determine whether an acquired entity is considered to be a business or a set of net assets, because a portion of the purchase price can only be allocated to goodwill in a business combination.
We have made several acquisitions in recent years. The purchase prices for the acquisitions were allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition dates. We engaged an independent third-party valuation firm to assist us in determining the estimated fair values of in-process research and development and identifiable intangible assets. Such a valuation requires significant estimates and assumptions, including but not limited to, determining the timing and estimated costs to complete the in-process projects, projecting regulatory approvals, estimating future cash flows, and developing appropriate discount rates. We believe the estimated fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on reasonable assumptions. However, the fair value estimates for the purchase price allocations may change during the allowable allocation period, which is up to one year from the acquisition dates, if additional information becomes available.
The above listing is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, with limited or no need for managements judgment. There are also areas in which managements judgment in selecting available alternatives may or may not produce a materially different result. See our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Item 18 of this Form 20-F which contain a description of accounting policies and other disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.
Recent Authoritative Pronouncements
For information on recent accounting pronouncements impacting our business, see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 18.
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Item 6. | Directors, Senior Management and Employees |
Managing Directors and Supervisory Board Members are appointed annually for the period beginning on the date following the Annual General Meeting up to and including the date of the Annual General Meeting held in the following fiscal year.
Our Supervisory Directors and Managing Directors, and their ages as of January 26, 2009, are as follows:
Managing Directors:
Name |
Age | Position | ||
Peer M. Schatz |
43 | Managing Director, Chief Executive Officer | ||
Roland Sackers |
40 | Managing Director, Chief Financial Officer | ||
Dr. Joachim Schorr |
48 | Managing Director, Senior Vice President, Research and Development | ||
Bernd Uder |
51 | Managing Director, Senior Vice President, Global Sales |
Supervisory Board Members:
Name |
Age | Position | ||
Prof. Dr. Detlev H. Riesner |
67 | Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Supervisory Director and Chairman of the Selection and Appointment Committee | ||
Dr. Werner Brandt |
55 | Supervisory Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee | ||
Dr. Metin Colpan |
53 | Supervisory Director | ||
Erik Hornnaess |
71 | Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Supervisory Director, Chairman of the Compensation Committee, Member of the Audit Committee and Member of the Selection and Appointment Committee | ||
Prof. Dr. Manfred Karobath |
67 | Supervisory Director and Member of the Compensation Committee | ||
Heino von Prondzynski |
59 | Supervisory Director and Member of the Audit Committee |
Prof. Dr. jur Carsten P. Claussen was appointed as non-voting Special Advisor to the Supervisory Board and Honorary Chairman in 1999.
The following is a brief summary of the background of each of the Supervisory Directors and Managing Directors. References to QIAGEN and the Company in relation to periods prior to April 29, 1996 mean QIAGEN GmbH and its consolidated subsidiaries:
Peer M. Schatz, 43, joined the Company in 1993 and has been Chief Executive Officer since January 1, 2004. Between 1993 and 2003 he was Chief Financial Officer and became a Managing Director in 1998. Mr. Schatz was previously a partner in a private management buyout group in Switzerland and worked in finance and systems positions in Sandoz, Ltd. and Computerland AG, as well as in finance, operations, management and sales positions in various start-up companies in the computer and software trading industry in Europe and the United States. Mr. Schatz graduated from the University of St. Gall, Switzerland, with a Masters degree in Finance in 1989 and obtained an M.B.A. in Finance from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business in 1991. Mr. Schatz also serves as a member of the German Corporate Governance Commission.
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Roland Sackers, 40, joined the Company in 1999 as Vice President Finance and has been Chief Financial Officer and Deputy Managing Director since 2004. In 2006, Mr. Sackers became a Managing Director. Between 1995 and 1999, he served as an auditor with Arthur Andersen Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft Steuerberatungsgesellschaft. Mr. Sackers graduated from the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany with an M.B.A. Until 2006, he was a member of the Supervisory Board of IBS AG and a member of the Audit Committee of IBS AG. Until December 2007, Mr. Sackers was also a member of the board of directors of Operon Biotechnologies, Inc. Since January 2007, Mr. Sackers has served as QIAGENs representative observer on the board of Eurofins Genomics BV.
Dr. Joachim Schorr, 48, joined the Company in 1992 and has been Senior Vice President Research & Development since January 1, 2004. He became a Managing Director in 2004. Initially, Dr. Schorr served the Company as Project Manager and later had responsibilities as Business Unit Manager. In 1999, Dr. Schorr became Vice President Research & Development with the responsibility for the world-wide QIAGEN R&D activities. Before joining QIAGEN, Dr. Schorr worked for the pharmaceutical company Hoechst AG on the development of oral malaria vaccines and was awarded with the IHK research award in 1991. Dr. Schorr holds a Ph.D. in Molecular Biology and Virology from the University of Cologne. Dr. Schorr is a co-founder of Coley Pharmaceuticals, EnPharma Pharmaceuticals and QBM Cell Sciences and is currently a member of the Supervisory Board of QBM Cell Sciences.
Bernd Uder, 51, joined the Company in 2001 as Vice President Sales & Marketing and became a Managing Director and Senior Vice President Sales & Marketing in 2004. With completion of the restructuring of the Companys Sales & Marketing organization, Bernd Uder became Senior Vice President Global Sales in 2005. Before joining the Company, Mr. Uder gained wide experience in building up and coordinating world-wide distribution networks as Vice President European Biolab Sales & Marketing with Pharmacia and Vice President global e.business with Amersham Pharmacia Biotech. Today, Mr. Uder is responsible for the extension and the improvement of efficiencies of the Companys global distribution network.
Professor Dr. Detlev H. Riesner, 67, is a co-founder of the Company. Professor Riesner served as member of the Supervisory Board of QIAGEN GmbH since 1984 and acted as its Chairman until 1988. In 1999, he was appointed Chairman of the Supervisory Board of QIAGEN N.V., and in 2005, he was also appointed Chairman of the Selection and Appointment Committee. Professor Riesner has held the Chair of Biophysics at the Heinrich-Heine-University in Düsseldorf since 1980 and retired in 2007. In 1996, he was also appointed to the position of Vice President of Research, and from 1999 until 2007, he was Director of Technology at the University of Düsseldorf. In 2007, he became a member of the Universitys board of trustees. Prior to that, he was Professor of Biophysical Chemistry at the Darmstadt Institute of Technology and, from 1975 to 1977, Lecturer of Biophysical Chemistry at Hannover Medical School. He has held guest professorships at the Institute of Microbiology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, and the Department of Neurology at the University of California, San Francisco. He received his M.S. in Physics from Hannover Institute of Technology and his Ph.D. from the University of Braunschweig, with post-graduate work at Princeton University. Professor Riesner is either a member of the Supervisory Board or a director of AC Immune S.A., Lausanne, Spinal Cord Therapeutics GmbH, Erkrath and Evocatal GmbH, Düsseldorf. Professor Riesner is also a member of the scientific advisory boards of the RiNA network, Berlin, the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Isle of Riems, PrioNet, Canada and Alberta Prion Research Institute, Canada.
Dr. Werner Brandt, 55, joined the Companys Supervisory Board in 2007 and was appointed Audit Committee Chairman. Dr. Brandt has been a member of the Executive Board and the Chief Financial Officer of SAP AG since 2001. From 1999 to 2001, he was a member of the Executive Board and Chief Financial Officer of the German-American healthcare company, Fresenius Medical Care AG, where he also served as Labor Relations Director. From 1992 to 1999, Dr. Brandt was a member of the Managing Board of Baxter Deutschland GmbH and Vice President for European Operations. In this capacity, he was responsible for Baxters financial operations in Europe. Dr. Brandt began his career in 1981 at the former Price Waterhouse GmbH (now PricewaterhouseCoopers) in Frankfurt. Dr. Brandt completed his Doctorate in business administration from the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany in 1991, after studying business administration at the University of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany from 1976 to 1981. Dr. Brandt is currently a member of the Supervisory Boards of Deutsche Lufthansa AG and Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG.
49
Dr. Metin Colpan, 53, is a co-founder of the Company and was Chief Executive Officer and a Managing Director from 1985 through 2003. Dr. Colpan obtained his Ph.D. and M.Sc. in Organic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering from the Darmstadt Institute of Technology in 1983. Prior to founding QIAGEN, Dr. Colpan was an Assistant Investigator at the Institute for Biophysics at the University of Düsseldorf. Dr. Colpan has had wide experience in separation techniques and in the separation and purification of nucleic acids in particular, and has filed many patents in the field. Dr. Colpan currently serves as a Supervisory Board member of GenPat77 Pharmacogenetics AG, GPC Biotech AG and Morphosys AG, each in Munich, Germany. Until 2006, he was a member of the Supervisory Board of Ingenium Pharmaceuticals AG in Munich, Germany.
Erik Hornnaess, 71, has been a member of the Supervisory Board since 1998. He joined the Audit Committee in 2002, the Compensation Committee in 2005 and the Selection and Appointment Committee in 2007. He was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board in 2007. Mr. Hornnaess worked for Astra Pharmaceuticals, Sweden from 1965 until 1979 in various management positions in Sweden, Australia, and Canada and, for the last three years of this period, as the General Manager for the Benelux region (Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg). In 1979, he joined Abbott Laboratories European Headquarters in Paris, France, and from 1982, he was the Area Vice-President of Abbott Diagnostic Division in Europe, Middle-East and Africa, with headquarters in Wiesbaden, Germany. Mr. Hornnaess retired from Abbott Laboratories on March 1, 1997 and currently serves as non-executive director of AXIS-SHIELDS Group, Scotland. Additionally, Mr. Hornnaess served as the Vice-President of European Diagnostic Manufacturers Association (EDMA), Brussels in the period 1995 through 1997. Mr. Hornnaess graduated from Aarhus Handelshojskole, Denmark with an M.B.A. and obtained a P.M.D. from the Harvard Business School.
Professor Dr. Manfred Karobath, 67, has been a member of the Supervisory Board since 2000 and joined the Compensation Committee in 2005. Prof. Dr. Karobath studied medicine, and from 1967 to 1980 he worked first in the Dept. of Biochemistry of the University of Vienna and, after a stage as postdoctoral fellow, he joined the Dept. of Psychiatry where he became professor of Biological Psychiatry. In 1980, he joined Sandoz Pharma in Basel, first, in drug discovery, and later, he became Senior Vice President and head of R&D. In 1992, Prof. Dr. Karobath joined Rhone Poulenc Rorer (RPR) as President of R&D and Executive Vice President, and later, he became a member of the boards of directors of RPR, Pasteur Mérieux Connought, Centeon and Rhone Poulenc Pharma. He has received several scientific awards and has published 92 scientific papers.
Heino von Prondzynski, 59, joined the Companys Supervisory Board as well as the Audit Committee in 2007. Mr. von Prondzynski retired in 2005 from Roche where he served as Chief Executive Officer of Roche Diagnostics and a member of the Executive Committee of the Roche Group. Prior to joining Roche in 2000, Mr. von Prondzynski worked at Chiron, first as General Manager and Chief Executive Officer in Germany and Italy, later as President of the Vaccines Division in Emeryville, USA. Mr. von Prondzynski started his career with Bayer in Germany as a sales representative and later worked in Austria and Brazil as General Manager. He studied mathematics, geography and history at Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster in Germany. Mr. von Prondzynski is Chairman of BBMedtech and a director of Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV, Epigenomics, CARIDIAN BCT and Hospira, Inc.
Professor Dr. jur. Carsten P. Claussen, 81, was Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Company from 1988 to June 1999 and was appointed as a Special Advisor and Honorary Chairman in 1999. This position is not required by Dutch law and Professor Claussen is no longer a voting member of the Supervisory Board. For many years he has pursued a career in private banking. Between 1976 and 1987, Professor Claussen was a member of the executive board of Norddeutsche Landesbank, Hannover, and Chairman of the Hannover Stock Exchange. Since 1987, he has been a lawyer in Düsseldorf and senior advisor to IKB Deutsche Industriekreditbank, Düsseldorf. At present, he is a partner in the law firm of Hoffmann Liebs Fritsch and Partner and specializes in corporate law and capital market transactions. He is Chairman of the Board of Flossbach & v. Storch Vermögensmanagement AG, Cologne; and WAS Worldwide Analytical Systems AG, Kleve and is a member of other boards. Professor Claussen received his Ph.D. in law from the University of Cologne.
50
Compensation of Directors and Officers
The tables below state the amounts earned on an accrual basis by our directors and officers in 2008. The variable component is based on performance relative to personal goals and corporate goals agreed to by the Supervisory Board.
The compensation granted to the members of the Managing Board in 2008 consisted of a fixed salary and other variable components. Variable compensation includes one-time and annual payments linked to business performance (bonuses), as well as long-term incentives containing risk elements, including, but not limited to, stock options or other equity-based compensation and pension plans. Stock options granted to the Managing Board members must have an exercise price that is higher than the market price at the time of grant. The variable part of the compensation is designed to strengthen the Board members commitment to QIAGEN and its objectives.
Year ended December 31, 2008 |
Annual Compensation | |||||||||||
Name |
Fixed Salary | Variable Cash Bonus |
Other (1) | Total | ||||||||
Managing Board: |
||||||||||||
Peer M. Schatz |
$ | 1,238,000 | $ | 533,000 | $ | 2,000 | $ | 1,773,000 | ||||
Roland Sackers |
$ | 529,000 | $ | 274,000 | $ | 44,000 | $ | 847,000 | ||||
Dr. Joachim Schorr |
$ | 353,000 | $ | 176,000 | $ | 25,000 | $ | 554,000 | ||||
Bernd Uder |
$ | 353,000 | $ | 176,000 | $ | 15,000 | $ | 544,000 |
(1) | Amounts include, among others, inventor bonus and relocation costs. We also occasionally reimburse our Managing Directors personal expenses related to attending out-of-town meetings but not directly related to their attendance. The value of such reimbursed personal expenses is reported above as other. Amounts do not include the reimbursement of certain expenses relating to travel incurred at the request of QIAGEN or other reimbursements or payments that in total did not exceed the lesser of $50,000 or 10% of the total salary and bonus reported in 2008 for the officer. |
Year ended December 31, 2008 |
Long-Term Compensation | ||||||
Name |
Defined Contribution Benefit Plan |
Stock Options | Restricted Stock Units | ||||
Managing Board: |
|||||||
Peer M. Schatz |
$ | 86,000 | 103,113 | 258,678 | |||
Roland Sackers |
$ | 77,000 | 33,638 | 84,386 | |||
Dr. Joachim Schorr |
$ | 27,000 | 16,020 | 40,190 | |||
Bernd Uder |
$ | 50,000 | 15,214 | 38,167 |
The Supervisory Board compensation for 2008 consists of fixed compensation, an additional amount for Chairman and Vice Chairman, and committee membership fees. Annual remuneration of the Supervisory Board members is as follows:
Fee paid to each member of the Supervisory Board |
30,000 | |
Additional compensation payable to members holding the following positions: |
||
Chairman of the Supervisory Board |
20,000 | |
Vice Chairman of the Supervisory Board |
5,000 | |
Chairman of the Audit Committee |
15,000 | |
Chairman of the Compensation Committee |
10,000 | |
Fee payable to each member of the Audit Committee |
7,500 | |
Fee payable to each member of the Compensation Committee |
5,000 |
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Members of the Supervisory Board also receive 1,000 for attending the Annual General Meeting and 1,000 for attending each meeting of the Supervisory Board.
Members of the Supervisory Board receive 1,000 for attending each meeting of any subcommittees (other than Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Selection and Appointment Committee).
Supervisory Board members also receive variable compensation, which is determined annually by the Compensation Committee pursuant to a formula based on growth of adjusted Earnings per Share provided that such remuneration will not exceed 5,000 per year. We did not pay any agency or advisory service fees to members of the Supervisory Board other than $234,000 to Dr. Colpan for his scientific consulting services, including travel reimbursements.
Name |
Fixed Salary | Chairman/ Vice-Chairman Committee |
Meeting Attendance |
Committee Membership |
Variable Cash Bonus |
Total | ||||||||||||
Supervisory Board: |
||||||||||||||||||
Prof. Dr. Detlev H. Riesner |
$ | 44,000 | $ | 29,000 | $ | 12,000 | $ | | $ | 7,000 | $ | 92,000 | ||||||
Dr. Werner Brandt |
$ | 44,000 | $ | 22,000 | $ | 6,000 | $ | | $ | 7,000 | $ | 79,000 | ||||||
Dr. Metin Colpan |
$ | 44,000 | $ | | $ | 12,000 | $ | | $ | 7,000 | $ | 63,000 | ||||||
Erik Hornnaess |
$ | 44,000 | $ | 22,000 | $ | 9,000 | $ | 11,000 | $ | 7,000 | $ | 93,000 | ||||||
Prof. Dr. Manfred Karobath |
$ | 44,000 | $ | | $ | 12,000 | $ | 7,000 | $ | 7,000 | $ | 70,000 | ||||||
Heino von Prondzynski |
$ | 44,000 | $ | | $ | 13,000 | $ | 11,000 | $ | 7,000 | $ | 75,000 |
Board members also receive a variable component, in the form of share-based compensation. Stock options granted to the Supervisory Board members must have an exercise price that is higher than the market price at the time of grant. During 2008, the following options or other share-based compensation were granted to the members of the Supervisory Board.
Year ended December 31, 2008 |
2008 Grants | |||
Name |
Stock Options | Restricted Stock Units | ||
Supervisory Board: |
||||
Prof. Dr. Detlev H. Riesner |
1,389 | 3,486 | ||
Dr. Werner Brandt |
1,389 | 3,486 | ||
Dr. Metin Colpan |
1,389 | 3,486 | ||
Erik Hornnaess |
1,389 | 3,486 | ||
Prof. Dr. Manfred Karobath |
1,389 | 3,486 | ||
Heino von Prondzynski |
1,389 | 3,486 |
The following table sets forth the vested and unvested options and stock awards of our officers and directors as of January 26, 2009:
Name |
Total Vested Options |
Total Unvested Options |
Expiration Dates | Exercise Prices | Total Unvested Stock Awards | ||||||
Peer M. Schatz |
2,398,059 | 179,481 | 5/2009 to 2/2018 | $ | 4.590 to $22.430 | 576,853 | |||||
Roland Sackers |
203,346 | 45,311 | 3/2011 to 2/2018 | $ | 11.985 to $22.430 | 181,671 | |||||
Dr. Joachim Schorr |
177,127 | 27,386 | 10/2011 to 2/2018 | $ | 8.940 to $22.430 | 87,545 | |||||
Bernd Uder |
125,758 | 26,732 | 3/2011 to 2/2018 | $ | 11.985 to $22.430 | 86,153 | |||||
Prof. Dr. Detlev H. Riesner |
91,314 | 2,684 | 1/2010 to 4/2018 | $ | 6.018 to $22.430 | 8,873 | |||||
Dr. Werner Brandt |
0 | 1,389 | 4/2018 | $22.430 | 3,486 | ||||||
Dr. Metin Colpan |
976,797 | 2,684 | 5/2009 to 4/2018 | $ | 6.018 to $22.430 | 8,873 | |||||
Erik Hornnaess |
96,647 | 2,684 | 1/2010 to 4/2018 | $ | 6.018 to $22.430 | 8,873 | |||||
Prof. Dr. Manfred Karobath |
90,647 | 2,684 | 1/2010 to 4/2018 | $ | 6.018 to $22.430 | 8,873 | |||||
Heino von Prondzynski |
0 | 1,389 | 4/2018 | $22.430 | 3,486 |
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Committees of the Supervisory Board
The Supervisory Board has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Selection and Appointment Committee, which are comprised of the following members:
Name of Supervisory Director |
Independent | Member of Audit Committee |
Member of Compensation Committee |
Member of Selection and Appointment Committee | ||||
Prof. Dr. Detlev Riesner |
ü | ü (Chairman) | ||||||
Dr. Werner Brandt |
ü | ü (Chairman) |
||||||
Erik Hornnaess |
ü | ü | ü (Chairman) |
ü | ||||
Prof. Dr. Manfred Karobath |
ü | ü | ||||||
Heino von Prondzynski |
ü | ü |
We believe that all of our Supervisory Directors, except for Dr. Metin Colpan, meet the independence requirements set forth in the Marketplace Rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market. Pursuant to the NASDAQ Rules, a majority of the Supervisory Directors must qualify as independent, as defined in the Rules. Presently, Dr. Colpan is not considered to be independent due to his former position as our Chief Executive Officer and member of our Managing Board. In addition, Mr. Colpan continues to provide scientific advisory services to the Company. Dr. Colpan does not serve on any committees of the Supervisory Board.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee operates pursuant to a charter approved by the Supervisory Board and available online at www.qiagen.com. The Audit Committee consists of three members, Dr. Brandt (Chairman), Mr. Hornnaess and Mr. von Prondzynski, and meets at least quarterly. The Audit Committee members are appointed by the Supervisory Board and serve for a term of one year. We believe that all members of our Audit Committee meet the independence requirements as set forth in Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Marketplace Rules of the NASDAQ. The Audit Committee is responsible to review major financial risk exposures, pre-approve related-party transactions, and review any legal matter that could have a significant impact on the financial statements. Further, the Audit Committee is responsible to establish complaint procedures, including confidential, anonymous submission by employees of concerns, regarding the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters. The Audit Committee is also responsible together with the Managing Board for the proposal of the independent registered public accounting firm to the Supervisory Board, which proposes the appointment of the independent registered public accounting firm to the General Meeting of Shareholders. The independent registered public accounting firm audits the consolidated financial statements and certain local books and records of QIAGEN and its subsidiaries, and the Audit Committee is further responsible for pre-approving the fees for such services. Additionally, the Audit Committee reviews the performance of the independent registered public accounting firm with management, discussing on a quarterly basis the scope and results of the reviews and audits with the independent registered public accounting firm; discusses our financial accounting and reporting principles and policies and the adequacy of our internal accounting, financial and operating controls and procedures with the independent registered public accounting firm and management; considers and approves any recommendations regarding changes to our accounting policies and processes; reviews with management and the independent registered public accounting firm our quarterly earnings reports prior to their release to the press; and reviews the quarterly and annual reports (reported on Forms 6-K and 20-F) to be furnished to or filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Deutsche Boerse. The Board has designated Dr. Brandt as an audit committee financial expert as that term is defined in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission rules adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
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Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee operates pursuant to a charter approved by the Supervisory Board and available online at www.qiagen.com. The Compensation Committee consists of two members, Mr. Erik Hornnaess (Chairman) and Professor Karobath. Members are appointed by the Supervisory Board and serve for a term of one year. We believe that all of the members of the Compensation Committee meet the independence requirements set forth in the Marketplace Rules of the NASDAQ. The Compensation Committee reviews and approves all equity-based compensation, reviews and approves the annual salaries, bonuses and other benefits of executive officers, and reviews general policies relating to employee compensation and benefits.
Selection and Appointment Committee
The Selection and Appointment Committee operates pursuant to a charter approved by the Supervisory Board and available online at www.qiagen.com. The current members of the Selection and Appointment Committee are Prof. Dr. Detlev H. Riesner (Chairman) and Mr. Erik Hornnaess. Members are appointed by the Supervisory Board and serve for a term of one year. The Selection and Appointment Committee prepares the selection criteria and appointment procedures for members of our Supervisory Board and the Managing Board; periodically evaluates the scope and composition of the Managing Board and Supervisory Board and proposes the profile of the Supervisory Board in relation thereto. Additionally, the Committee periodically evaluates the functioning of individual members of the Managing Board and Supervisory Board and reports the results thereof to the Supervisory Board and proposes the (re-)appointments of members of our Managing Board and Supervisory Board. The Committee prepares and submits to the Supervisory Board on an annual basis a report of its deliberations and findings.
Share Ownership
The following table sets forth certain information as of January 26, 2009 concerning the ownership of Common Shares by our Directors and Officers. In preparing the following table, we have relied on information furnished by such persons.
Name and Country of Residence |
Shares Beneficially Owned (1) Number |
Percent Ownership (2) |
||||
Peer M. Schatz, Germany |
1,482,064 | (3) | 0.75 | % | ||
Roland Sackers, Germany |
0 | (4) | * | |||
Dr. Joachim Schorr, Germany |
0 | (5) | * | |||
Bernd Uder, Germany |
0 | (6) | * | |||
Prof. Dr. Detlev H. Riesner, Germany |
1,952,068 | (7) | 0.99 | % | ||
Dr. Werner Brandt, Germany |
800 | * | ||||
Dr. Metin Colpan, Germany |
4,938,703 | (8) | 2.50 | % | ||
Erik Hornnaess, Spain |
10,000 | (9) | * | |||
Professor Dr. Manfred Karobath, UK |
0 | (10) | * | |||
Heino von Prondzynski, Switzerland |
0 | * |
* | Indicates that the person beneficially owns less than 0.5% of the Common Shares issued and outstanding as of January 26, 2009. |
(1) | The number of Common Shares issued and outstanding as of January 26, 2009 was 197,870,057. The persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them and have the same voting rights as other shareholders with respect to Common Shares. |
(2) | Does not include Common Shares subject to options or awards held by such persons at January 26, 2009. See footnotes below for information regarding options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days of the date of this table. |
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(3) | Does not include 2,470,614 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $4.590 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between May 2009 and February 2018. |
(4) | Does not include 214,558 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $11.985 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between March 2011 and February 2018. |
(5) | Does not include 188,150 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $8.940 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between October 2011 and February 2018. |
(6) | Does not include 136,588 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $11.985 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between March 2011 and February 2018. |
(7) | Does not include 91,314 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $6.018 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between January 2010 and April 2018. Prof. Riesner also has the option to purchase 82,302 Common Shares through Thomé Asset Management & Controlling. Includes 1,952,068 shares held by Riesner Verwaltungs GmbH, of which Professor Riesner is the sole stockholder. |
(8) | Does not include 976,797 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $6.018 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between May 2009 and April 2018. Includes 4,138,703 shares held by CC Verwaltungs GmbH, of which Dr. Colpan is the sole stockholder and 800,000 shares held by Colpan GbR. Dr. Colpan also has the option to purchase 330,566 Common Shares through Thomé Asset Management & Controlling. |
(9) | Does not include 96,647 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $6.018 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between January 2010 and April 2018. |
(10) | Does not include 90,647 shares issuable upon the exercise of options now exercisable or that could become exercisable within 60 days from the date of this table having exercise prices ranging from $6.018 to $22.430 per share. Options expire in increments during the period between January 2010 and April 2018. |
Employees
As of December 31, 2008, we employed 3,041 individuals, 17% of whom worked in research and development, 37% in sales, 25% in production/logistics, 7% in marketing and 14% in administration.
Region |
Research & Development |
Sales | Production | Marketing | Administration | Total | ||||||
Americas |
111 | 437 | 260 | 74 | 138 | 1,020 | ||||||
Europe |
378 | 392 | 382 | 121 | 209 | 1,482 | ||||||
Asia |
20 | 253 | 57 | 19 | 60 | 409 | ||||||
Rest of World |
20 | 33 | 56 | 4 | 17 | 130 | ||||||
12 / 31 / 2008 |
529 | 1,115 | 755 | 218 | 424 | 3,041 | ||||||
At December 31, 2007 and 2006, we employed 2,662 and 1,954 individuals, respectively. None of our employees is represented by a labor union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement. Management believes that its relations with employees are good.
Our success depends, to a significant extent, on key members of our management and our scientific staff. The loss of such employees could have a material adverse effect on QIAGEN. Our ability to recruit and retain qualified skilled personnel to perform future research and development work will also be critical to our success. Due to the intense competition for experienced scientists from numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology
55
companies and academic and other research institutions, there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract and retain such personnel on acceptable terms. Our planned activities will also require additional personnel, including management, with expertise in areas such as manufacturing and marketing, and the development of such expertise by existing management personnel. The inability to acquire such personnel or develop such expertise could have a material adverse impact on our operations.
Stock Plans
During 2005, we adopted the QIAGEN N.V. Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Plan (the Plan) which was approved by our shareholders on June 14, 2005. Pursuant to the Plan, stock rights, which include options to purchase our Common Shares, stock grants and stock-based awards, may be granted to employees and consultants of QIAGEN and its subsidiaries and to Supervisory Directors. An aggregate of 22,000,000 Common Shares have been reserved for issuance pursuant to the Plan, subject to certain antidilution adjustments. Options granted pursuant to the Plan may either be incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), or non-qualified stock options. Options granted to members of the Supervisory Board and the Managing Board must have an exercise price that is higher than the market price at the time of grant. Generally, each of the options has a term of ten years, subject to earlier termination in the event of death, disability or other termination of employment.
The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Supervisory Board, which selects participants from among eligible employees, consultants and directors and determines the number of shares subject to the option, the length of time the option will remain outstanding, the manner and time of the options exercise, the exercise price per share subject to the option and other terms and conditions of the option consistent with the Plan. The Compensation Committees decisions are subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board.
The vesting and exercisability of certain stock rights will be accelerated in the event of a Change of Control. A Change of Control means the occurrence of a merger or consolidation of QIAGEN, whether or not approved by the Board of Directors, other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of QIAGEN outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity or the parent of such corporation) at least 50% of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of QIAGEN or such surviving entity or parent of such corporation, as the case may be, outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation, or the stockholders of QIAGEN approve an agreement for the sale or disposition by QIAGEN of all or substantially all of QIAGENs assets.
In connection with the acquisition of Digene Corporation during the third quarter of 2007, the Company assumed three additional equity incentive plans and exchanged Digene stock options and awards into the Companys common stock. No new grants will be made under these plans.
The Compensation Committee has the power, subject to Supervisory Board approval, to interpret the plans and to adopt such rules and regulations (including the adoption of sub plans applicable to participants in specified jurisdictions) as it may deem necessary or appropriate. The Compensation Committee or the Supervisory Board may at any time amend the plans in any respect, subject to Supervisory Board approval, and except that (i) no amendment that would adversely affect the rights of any participant under any option previously granted may be made without such participants consent and (ii) no amendment shall be effective prior to shareholder approval to the extent such approval is required to ensure favorable tax treatment for incentive stock options or to ensure compliance with Rule 16b-3 under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) at such times as any participants are subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
As of January 26, 2009, there were 10.3 million options outstanding at prices ranging between $1.85 and $49.75 and expiring between January 2009 and December 2018. The exercise price of the options is the fair
56
market value of the Common Shares as of the date of grant or a premium above fair market value. Additionally there were 1.9 million restricted stock unit awards outstanding as of January 26, 2009. These awards will be released between July 2009 and December 2018. As of January 26, 2009, options to purchase 4.5 million Common Shares and 974,686 restricted stock units were held by the officers and directors of QIAGEN, as a group.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2008, concerning the ownership of Common Shares of each holder of greater than five percent ownership. None of these holders have any different voting rights than other holders of our Common Shares.
Name and Country of Residence |
Shares Beneficially Owned Number |
Percent Ownership (1) | ||||
FMR LLC, United States |
23,079,319 | (2) | 11.67 | % |
(1) | The percentage ownership was calculated based on 197,839,113 Common Shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2008. |
(2) | Of the 23,079,319 shares attributed to FMR LLC, it has sole voting power over 10,224,131 shares and sole dispositive power over all 23,079,319 shares. Such voting and dispositive power is also attributable to Edward C. Johnson III by virtue of his position, Chairman, and ownership interests in FMR LLC, and to members of Mr. Johnsons family by virtue of their ownership interests in FMR LLC. This information is based solely on the Schedule 13G filed jointly by FMR LLC, Edward C. Johnson III, and Fidelity Management and Research Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2009, which reported ownership as of December 31, 2008. FMR Corp. reported that it beneficially owned 28,386,926 shares representing 14.53% of the total Common Shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007 and 18,425,233 shares representing 12.27% of the total Common Shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006. |
Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market in the United States, and on the Prime Standard Segment of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in Germany. A significant portion of our shares are held in street name, therefore we generally have no way of determining who our shareholders are, their geographical location or how many shares a particular shareholder owns. As of January 25, 2009, there were 191 shareholders of record of our common shares.
Control of Registrant
To our knowledge, we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation, by any foreign government, or by any other natural or legal person. As of January 26, 2009, the officers and directors of QIAGEN as a group beneficially owned 8,383,635 Common Shares, or 4.24% of the then outstanding Common Shares.
Related Party Transactions
In 2004, we entered into a consulting agreement with Dr. Metin Colpan, our former Chief Executive Officer and current Supervisory Board member, pursuant to which Dr. Colpan is paid a fee of EUR 2,750 per day for scientific consulting services subject to adjustment. During 2008 and 2007, we paid approximately $234,000 and $471,000, respectively, to Dr. Colpan for scientific consulting services under this agreement.
From time to time, we have transactions with companies in which we hold an interest all of which are individually and in sum immaterial except for certain transactions as discussed below.
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We have a 50% interest in a joint venture company, PreAnalytiX GmbH, which is accounted for under the equity method. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had accounts receivable from PreAnalytix of $276,000 and $670,000, and accounts payable to PreAnalytix of $250,000 and $116,000, respectively.
During 2007, we made an initial investment of $747,000 in Dx Assays Pte Ltd, a joint venture with Bio*One Capital, which represents a 33.3% interest in Dx Assays Pte Ltd. In the first quarter of 2008, we made a $1.4 million loan to Dx Assays, which bears interest at 15% and is due in March 2013.
We have a 100% interest in QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (QIAGEN Finance) and QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (Euro Finance), which were established for the purpose of issuing convertible debt. As discussed in Note 10, QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance are variable interest entities with no primary beneficiary, thus they are not consolidated. Accordingly, the convertible debt is not included in the consolidated statements of QIAGEN N.V., though we do report the full obligation of the debt through its liabilities to QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had loans payable to QIAGEN Finance of $145.0 million and $150.0 million, respectively, and accrued interest due to QIAGEN Finance of $3.4 million and amounts receivable from QIAGEN Finance of $2.4 million. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had a loan payable to Euro Finance of $300.0 million, accrued interest due to Euro Finance of $3.0 million and amounts receivable from Euro Finance of $1.7 million.
See Item 18.
Legal Proceedings
For information on legal proceedings, see Note 16 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
While no assurances can be given regarding the outcome of proceedings described in Note 16, based on information currently available, we believe that the resolution of these matters is unlikely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of future operations for QIAGEN N.V. as a whole. However, because of the nature and inherent uncertainties of litigation, should the outcomes be unfavorable, certain aspects of our business, financial condition, and results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Statement of Dividend Policy
We have not paid any dividends on our Common Shares since our inception and do not intend to pay any dividends on our Common Shares in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain our earnings, if any, for the development of our business.
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Item 9. The Listing of QIAGENs Common Shares
Effective July 3, 2006, our Common Shares began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol QGEN. Previously, since February 15, 2005, our Common Shares had been quoted on the NASDAQ National Market under the symbol QGEN. Prior to that, since June 27, 1996, our Common Shares had been quoted on the NASDAQ National Market under the symbol QGENF. The following table sets forth the annual high and low closing sale prices for the last five years, the quarterly high and low closing sale prices for the last two fiscal years, and the monthly high and low closing sale prices for the last six months of our Common Shares on the NASDAQ National Market.
High ($) | Low ($) | |||
Annual |
||||
2004 |
15.61 | 8.74 | ||
2005 |
13.77 | 10.56 | ||
2006 |
16.15 | 11.72 | ||
2007 |
23.55 | 15.32 | ||
2008 |
23.39 | 12.91 | ||
High ($) | Low ($) | |||
Quarterly 2007: |
||||
First Quarter |
17.91 | 15.32 | ||
Second Quarter |
18.14 | 15.58 | ||
Third Quarter |
19.53 | 16.31 | ||
Fourth Quarter |
23.55 | 19.26 | ||
High ($) | Low ($) | |||
Quarterly 2008: |
||||
First Quarter |
23.53 | 18.17 | ||
Second Quarter |
22.62 | 18.49 | ||
Third Quarter |
21.83 | 16.26 | ||
Fourth Quarter |
20.27 | 12.91 | ||
Quarterly 2009: |
||||
First Quarter (through March 20, 2009) |
18.00 | 15.08 | ||
High ($) | Low ($) | |||
Monthly |
||||
September 2008 |
21.42 | 16.26 | ||
October 2008 |
20.28 | 12.52 | ||
November 2008 |
16.29 | 13.82 | ||
December 2008 |
17.56 | 14.84 | ||
January 2009 |
18.00 | 16.32 | ||
February 2009 |
17.89 | 16.02 |
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Since September 25, 1997, our Common Shares were traded officially on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Neuer Markt under the symbol QIA and with the security code number 901626. As of January 1, 2003, the trading of our Common Shares was transferred from the Neuer Markt segment of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange to the Prime Standard Segment of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. The Neuer Markt segment was discontinued in 2004. The following table sets forth the annual high and low closing sale prices for the last five years, the quarterly high and low closing sale prices for the last two fiscal years, and the monthly high and low closing sale prices for the last six months of our Common Shares on the Neuer Markt or the Prime Standard, as applicable.
High (EUR) | Low (EUR) | |||
Annual |
||||
2004 |
12.40 | 7.15 | ||
2005 |
11.43 | 8.20 | ||
2006 |
13.09 | 9.55 | ||
2007 |
16.24 | 11.67 | ||
2008 |
15.58 | 10.19 | ||
High (EUR) | Low (EUR) | |||
Quarterly 2007: |
||||
First Quarter |
13.95 | 11.67 | ||
Second Quarter |
13.61 | 11.97 | ||
Third Quarter |
13.64 | 12.16 | ||
Fourth Quarter |
16.24 | 13.49 | ||
High (EUR) | Low (EUR) | |||
Quarterly 2008: |
||||
First Quarter |
15.58 | 11.69 | ||
Second Quarter |
14.62 | 11.96 | ||
Third Quarter |
14.79 | 11.94 | ||
Fourth Quarter |
14.09 | 10.19 | ||
Quarterly 2008: |
||||
First Quarter (through March 20, 2009) |
14.04 | 11.51 | ||
High (EUR) | Low (EUR) | |||
Monthly: |
||||
September 2008 |
14.69 | 13.08 | ||
October 2008 |
14.09 | 10.19 | ||
November 2008 |
12.46 | 11.38 | ||
December 2008 |
13.21 | 11.86 | ||
January 2009 |
13.75 | 12.26 | ||
February 2009 |
14.04 | 12.73 |
Item 10. Additional Information
Memorandum and Articles of Association
We are registered in the commercial register of the Chamber of Commerce and Industries (Kamer van Koophandel), Limburg-Noord, under the entry number 12036979. Set forth is a summary of certain provisions of our Articles of Association, as amended on July 2, 2008, or the Articles, and Dutch law, where applicable. Furthermore, a Dutch Corporate Governance Code, or Code, has been published on December 9, 2003 including principles of good corporate governance and best practice provisions. The Code contains the principles and concrete provisions which the persons involved in a listed company (including Managing Board members and Supervisory Board members) and stakeholders should observe in relation to one another. A listed company
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should explain in its annual report whether, and if so why and to what extent, it does not comply with the best practice provisions of the Code. The Code has been taken into account in the summary below.
Such summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Articles, Dutch Law and the Code.
Our Objects
Our objects are found in Article 2 of the Articles. Our objects include, without limitation, the performance of activities in the biotechnology industry, as well as incorporating, acquiring, participating in, financing, managing and having any other interest in companies or enterprises of any nature, raising and lending funds and such other acts as may be conducive to our business.
Managing Directors
QIAGEN shall be managed by a Managing Board consisting of one or more Managing Directors under the supervision of the Supervisory Board. The majority view in Dutch law is that in managing QIAGEN, the Managing Directors must take into account our interests and our business and the interests of all stakeholders (which includes but is not limited to our shareholders). Managing Directors shall be appointed by the General Meeting upon the joint meeting of the Supervisory Board and the Managing Board, or Joint Meeting, having made a binding nomination for each vacancy. However, the General Meeting may at all times overrule the binding nature of such a nomination by a resolution adopted by at least a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, if such majority represents more than half the issued share capital. This is different from the provisions of many American corporate statutes, including the Delaware General Corporation Law, which give the directors of a corporation greater authority in choosing the executive officers of a corporation. Under our Articles, the General Meeting may suspend or dismiss a managing director at any time. The Supervisory Board shall also at all times be entitled to suspend (but not to dismiss) a Managing Director. The Articles provide that the Supervisory Board may adopt management rules governing the internal organization of the Managing Board.
Furthermore, the Supervisory Board shall determine the salary, the bonus, if any, and the other compensation terms and conditions of employment of the Managing Directors within the scope of the remuneration policy. The remuneration policy of the Managing Board has been adopted in our annual General Meeting on June 14, 2005.
Under Dutch law, in the event that there is a conflict of interest between a Managing Director and us, we are represented by the Supervisory Board. However, the General Meeting should at all times in an event of a conflict of interest be given the opportunity to appoint a person who is authorized to represent QIAGEN in such event. According to the Code, any conflict of interest or apparent conflict of interest between the company and Managing Directors should be avoided. Decisions to enter into transactions under which Managing Directors would have conflicts of interest that are of material significance to the Company and/or to the relevant Managing Director require the approval of the Supervisory Board.
Supervisory Directors
The Supervisory Board shall be responsible for supervising the policy pursued by the Managing Board and our general course of affairs. Under our Articles, the Supervisory Directors are required to serve our interests and our business and the interest of all stakeholders (which includes but is not limited to our shareholders) in fulfilling their duties. The Supervisory Board shall consist of such number of members as the Joint Meeting may from time to time determine, with a minimum of three members. The Supervisory Directors shall be appointed by the General Meeting upon the Joint Meeting having made a binding nomination for each vacancy. If during a financial year a vacancy occurs in the Supervisory Board, the Supervisory Board may appoint a Supervisory Director who will cease to hold office at the next Annual General Meeting. Under Dutch law and the Code, a
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Supervisory Director must excuse him or herself in the case of any conflict of interest. Decisions to enter into transactions under which a Supervisory Director would have a conflict of interest that are of material significance to QIAGEN and/or to the Supervisory Director concerned, require the approval of the Supervisory Board.
Under Dutch law and the Code, the General Meeting determines the compensation of the Supervisory Directors upon the proposal of the Compensation Committee. Any shares held by a Supervisory Director in the company on whose board he sits should be long-term investments.
Under our Articles, the General Meeting may suspend or dismiss a Supervisory Director at any time. This is different from the provisions of many American corporate statutes, including the Delaware General Corporation Law, which provides that directors may vote to fill vacancies on the board of directors of a corporation.
Liability of Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors
Under Dutch law, as a general rule, Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors are not liable for obligations we incur. Under certain circumstances, however, they may become liable, either towards QIAGEN (internal liability) or to others (external liability), although some exceptions are described below.
Liability Towards QIAGEN
Failure of a Managing or Supervisory Director to perform his or her duties does not automatically lead to liability. Liability is only incurred in the case of a clear, indisputable shortcoming about which no reasonably judging business-person would have any doubt. In addition, the Managing or Supervisory Director must be deemed to have been grossly negligent. Managing Directors and Supervising Directors are jointly and severally liable for failure of the Managing Board and Supervisory Board as a whole, respectively, but an individual Managing or Supervisory Director will not be held liable if he or she is determined not to have been responsible for the mismanagement and has not been negligent in preventing its consequences.
Liability for Misrepresentation in Annual Accounts
Managing and Supervisory Directors are also jointly and severally liable to any third party for damages suffered as a result of misrepresentation in the annual accounts, annual report or interim statements of QIAGEN, although a Managing or Supervisory Director will not be held liable if found not to be personally responsible for the misrepresentation. Moreover, a Managing or Supervisory Director may be found to be criminally liable if he deliberately publishes false annual accounts or deliberately allows the publication of such false annual accounts.
Tort Liability
Under Dutch law, there can be liability if one has committed a tort (onrechtmatige daad) against another person. Although there is no clear definition of tort under Dutch law, breach of a duty of care towards a third party is generally considered to be a tort. Therefore, a Dutch corporation may be held liable by any third party under the general rule of Dutch laws regarding tort claims. In exceptional cases, Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors have been found liable on the basis of tort under Dutch common law, but it is generally difficult to hold a Managing or Supervisory Director personally liable for a tort claim. Shareholders cannot base a tort claim on any losses which derive from and coincide with losses we suffered. In such cases, only we can sue the Managing or Supervisory Directors.
Criminal Liability
Under Dutch law, if a legal entity has committed a criminal offence, criminal proceedings may be instituted against the legal entity itself as well as against those who gave order to or were in charge of the forbidden act. As a general rule, it is held that a Managing Director is only criminally liable if he played a reasonably active role in the criminal act.
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Indemnification
Article 27 of our Articles provide that we shall indemnify every person who is or was a Managing Director or Supervisory Directors against all expenses (including attorneys fees) judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any threatened pending or completed action, suit or proceeding as well as against expenses (including attorneys fees) actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of an action or proceeding, if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably could believe to be in or not opposed to our best interests. An exception is made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable for gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of his duty to us.
Classes of Shares
The authorized classes of our shares consist of Common Shares, Financing Preference Shares and Preference Shares. No Financing Preference Shares or Preference Shares have been issued.
Common Shares
Common Shares are issued in registered form only. Common Shares are available either without issue of a share certificate, or Type I shares, or with issue of a share certificate, or Type II shares, in either case in the form of an entry in the share register. At the discretion of the Supervisory Board, Type I shares may be issued and the holders of such Type I shares will be registered in the shareholders register of QIAGEN with TMF Management B.V. in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The Type II shares are registered with American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, or New York Transfer Agent, our transfer agent and registrar in New York.
The transfer of registered shares requires that we issue a written instrument of transfer and the written acknowledgment of such transfer (or, in the case of Type II shares, the New York Transfer Agent (in our name)), and surrender of the share certificates, if any, to us or (in our name) to the New York Transfer Agent. Upon surrender of a share certificate for the purpose of transfer of the relevant shares, we (or the New York Transfer Agent in our name) acknowledge the transfer by endorsement on the share certificate or by issuance of a new share certificate to the transferee, at the discretion of the Managing Board.
Financing Preference Shares
No Financing Preference Shares are outstanding. If issued, Financing Preference Shares will be issued in registered form only. No share certificates are issued for Financing Preference Shares. Financing Preference Shares must be fully paid up upon issue. The preferred dividend rights attached to Financing Preference Shares are described under Dividends below. We have no present plans to issue any Financing Preference Shares.
Preference Shares
No Preference Shares are currently outstanding. If issued, Preference Shares will be issued in registered form only. No share certificates are issued for Preference Shares. Only 25% of the par value thereof is required to be paid upon subscription for Preference Shares. The obligatory payable part of the nominal amount (call) must be equal for each Preference Share. The Managing Board may, subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board, resolve on which day and up to which amount a further call must be paid on Preference Shares which have not yet been paid up in full. The preferred dividend rights attached to Preference Shares are described under Dividends below.
Pursuant to our Articles and the resolution adopted by our General Meeting on June 16, 2004, QIAGENs Supervisory Board is entitled to resolve to issue Preference Shares in case of an intended take-over of our Company by (i) any person who alone or with one or more other persons, directly or indirectly, have acquired or
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given notice of an intent to acquire (beneficial) ownership of an equity stake which in aggregate equals 20% or more of our share capital then outstanding or (ii) an adverse person as determined by the Supervisory Board. For this purpose, an adverse person is generally any (legal) person, alone or together with affiliates or associates, with an equity stake in our Company which the Supervisory Board considers to be substantial and where the Supervisory Board is of the opinion that this (legal) person has engaged in an acquisition that is intended to cause or pressure QIAGEN to enter into transactions intended to provide such person with short-term financial gain under circumstances that would not be in the interest of QIAGEN and our shareholders or whose ownership is reasonably likely to cause a material adverse impact on our business prospects.
On August 2, 2004, we entered into an agreement, or Option Agreement, with Stichting Preferente Aandelen QIAGEN (SPAQ). Pursuant to the Option Agreement, SPAQ was granted an option to acquire such a number of Preference Shares as are equal to the total number of all outstanding Common Shares minus one in our share capital at the time of the relevant exercise of the right. The right to acquire Preference Shares is granted subject to the conditions referred to in the previous paragraph. Due to the implementation of the EC Directive on Takeover Bids in Dutch legislation, the exercise of the option to acquire Preference Shares by SPAQ and the subsequent issuance of Preference Shares to SPAQ needs to be done with due observance and in consideration of the restrictions imposed by the Public Offer Rules.
SPAQ was incorporated on August 2, 2004. Its principal office is located at Spoorstraat 50, 5911 KJ Venlo, The Netherlands. Its statutory objectives are to protect the interest of QIAGEN and its enterprise and the enterprises of companies which are linked to QIAGEN. SPAQ shall attempt to accomplish its objectives by way of acquiring Preference Shares in the share capital of QIAGEN and to exercise the voting rights in the interest of QIAGEN and its stakeholders.
The board of SPAQ shall consist of at least two directors. Upon incorporation of SPAQ two members have been appointed. Board members shall be appointed by the board of SPAQ. Board resolutions will be adopted by unanimity of the votes cast. SPAQ will be represented either by the board or by the chairman of the board.
Pre-emptive Rights
Under the Articles, existing holders of Common Shares will have pre-emptive rights in respect of future issuances of Common Shares in proportion to the number of Common Shares held by them, unless limited or excluded as described below. Holders of Common Shares shall not have pre-emptive rights in respect of future issuances of Financing Preference Shares or Preference Shares. Holders of Financing Preference Shares and Preference Shares shall not have pre-emptive rights in respect of any future issuances of share capital. Pre-emptive rights do not apply with respect to shares issued against contributions other than in cash or shares issued to our employees or one of our group companies. Under the Articles, the Supervisory Board has the power to limit or exclude any pre-emptive rights to which shareholders may be entitled, provided that it has been authorized by the General Meeting to do so. The authority of the Supervisory Board to limit or exclude pre-emptive rights can only be exercised if at that time the authority to issue shares is in full force and effect. The authority to limit or exclude pre-emptive rights may be extended in the same manner as the authority to issue shares. If there is no designation of the Supervisory Board to limit or exclude pre-emptive rights in force, the General Meeting shall have authority to limit or exclude such pre-emptive rights, but only upon the proposal of the Supervisory Board.
Resolutions of the General Meeting (i) to limit or exclude pre-emptive rights or (ii) to designate the Supervisory Board as the corporate body that has authority to limit or exclude pre-emptive rights, require a majority of at least two-thirds of the votes cast in a meeting of shareholders if less than 50% of the issued share capital is present or represented. For these purposes, issuances of shares include the granting of rights to subscribe for shares, such as options and warrants, but not the issue of shares upon exercise of such rights.
On July 20, 2007, the General Meeting of shareholders of QIAGEN resolved to authorize the Supervisory Board to issue Common Shares and Financing Preference Shares or grant rights to subscribe to those shares for a
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period of 5 years commencing on October 11, 2007 and for a maximum of Common Shares and Financing Preference Shares included in the authorized share capital (as included in the Articles as of October 11, 2007) of QIAGEN.
The General Meeting of shareholders subsequently resolved to grant the authority to exclude or limit any pre-emptive rights. However, the General Meeting has limited this authority in a way that the Supervisory Board can only exclude or limit the pre-emptive rights in relation to no more than 50% of the aggregate number of Common Shares and Financing Preference Shares to be issued or rights to subscribe for those shares to be granted under the authorization previously mentioned. The authority to exclude or limit pre-emptive rights covers a period of 5 years commencing as of October 11, 2007.
Acquisition of our Own Shares
We may acquire our own shares, subject to certain provisions of Dutch law and the Articles, if (i) shareholders equity less the payment required to make the acquisition does not fall below the sum of paid-up and called up capital and any reserves required by Dutch law or the Articles and (ii) we and our subsidiaries would not thereafter hold shares with an aggregate par value exceeding half of our issued share capital. Shares that we hold in our own capital or shares held by one of our subsidiaries may not be voted. The Managing Board, subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board, may effect our acquisition of shares in our own capital. Our acquisitions of shares in our own capital may only take place if the General Meeting has granted to the Managing Board the authority to effect such acquisitions. Such authority may apply for a maximum period of 5 years and must specify the number of shares that may be acquired, the manner in which shares may be acquired and the price limits within which shares may be acquired. On June 26, 2008, the General Meeting resolved to extend the authorization of the Managing Board in such manner that the Managing Board may cause us to acquire shares in our own share capital, up to 20% of the outstanding shares, for an 18-month period from June 26, 2008 until December 26, 2009, without limitation against a price between one Euro cent (Euro 0.01) and one hundred ten percent (110%) of the price for such shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for the five trading days prior to the day of purchase, or, with respect to preference and finance preference shares, against a price between one Euro cent (Euro 0.01) and three times the issuance price and in accordance with applicable provisions of Dutch law and our Articles.
Capital Reduction
Subject to the provisions of Dutch law and the Articles, the General Meeting may, upon the proposal of the Supervisory Board, resolve to reduce the issued share capital by (i) canceling shares or (ii) reducing the par value of shares through an amendment of the Articles. Cancellation with repayment of shares or partial repayment on shares or release from the obligation to pay up may also be made or given exclusively with respect to Common Shares, Financing Preference Shares or Preference Shares.
Annual Accounts
We have a calendar fiscal year. Dutch law and the Articles require that within four months after the end of our fiscal year, the Managing Board must make available a report with respect to such fiscal year, including our financial statements for such year prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards and accompanied by a report of an independent accountant. The annual report is submitted to the annual General Meeting for adoption.
Dividends
Subject to certain exceptions, dividends may only be paid out of profits as shown in our annual financial statements as adopted by the General Meeting. Distributions may not be made if the distribution would reduce shareholders equity below the sum of the paid-up capital and any reserves required by Dutch law or the Articles.
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Out of profits, dividends must first be paid on any outstanding Preference Shares (the Preference Share Dividend) in a percentage (the Preference Share Dividend Percentage) of the obligatory amount (call) paid up on such shares at the beginning of the fiscal year in respect of which the distribution is made. The Preference Share Dividend Percentage is equal to the Average Main Refinancing Rates during the financial year for which the distribution is made. Average Main Refinancing Rate shall be understood to mean the average value on each individual day during the financial year for which the distribution is made of the Main Refinancing Rates prevailing on such day. Main Refinancing Rate shall be understood to mean the rate of the Main Refinancing Operation as determined and published from time to time by the European Central Bank. If and to the extent that profits are not sufficient to pay the Preference Share Dividend in full, the deficit shall be paid out of the reserves, with the exception of any reserve, which was formed as share premium reserve upon the issue of Financing Preference Shares. If in any fiscal year the profit is not sufficient to make the distributions referred to above and if no distribution or only a partial distribution is made from the reserves referred to above, such that the deficit is not fully made good no further distributions will be made as described below until the deficit has been made good.
Out of profits remaining after payment of any dividends on Preference Shares, such amounts shall be kept in reserve as determined by the Supervisory Board. Out of any remaining profits not allocated to reserve, a dividend (the Financing Preference Share Dividend) shall be paid on the Financing Preference Shares in a percentage (the Financing Preference Share Dividend Percentage) over the par value, increased by the amount of share premium that was paid upon the first issue of Financing Preference Shares, which percentage is related to the average effective yield on the prime interest rate on corporate loans in the United States as quoted in the Wall Street Journal. If and to the extent that the profits are not sufficient to pay the Financing Preference Share Dividend in full, the deficit may be paid out of the reserves if the Managing Board so decides with the approval of the Supervisory Board, with the exception of the reserve which was formed as share premium upon the issue of Financing Preference Shares.
Insofar as the profits have not been distributed or allocated to reserves as specified above, they are at the free disposal of the General Meeting provided that no further dividends will be distributed on the Preference Shares or the Financing Preference Shares.
The General Meeting may resolve, on the proposal of the Supervisory Board, to distribute dividends or reserves, wholly or partially, in the form of QIAGEN shares.
Distributions as described above are payable as from a date to be determined by the Supervisory Board. The date of payment on Type I shares may differ from the date of payment on Type II shares. Distributions will be made payable at an address or addresses in The Netherlands to be determined by the Supervisory Board, as well as at least one address in each country where the shares are listed or quoted for trading. The Supervisory Board may determine the method of payment of cash distributions, provided that cash distributions in respect of Type II shares will, subject to certain exceptions, be paid in the currency of a country where our shares are listed or quoted for trading, converted at the close of business on a day to be determined for that purpose by the Supervisory Board.
Dutch law, making the declaration of dividends out of the profits that are at the free disposal of the General Meeting the exclusive right of the General Meeting, is different from the corporate law of most jurisdictions in the United States, which permit a corporations board of directors to declare dividends.
Shareholder Meetings, Voting Rights and Other Shareholder Rights
The annual General Meeting is held within six months after the end of each fiscal year for the purpose of, among other things, adopting the annual accounts and filling of any vacancies on the Managing and Supervisory Boards.
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Extraordinary General Meetings are held as often as deemed necessary by the Managing Board or Supervisory Board, or upon the request of one or more shareholders and other persons entitled to attend meetings jointly representing at least 40% of our issued share capital or by one or more shareholders jointly representing at least 10% of our issued share capital as provided for and in accordance with the laws of The Netherlands.
General Meetings are held in Amsterdam, Haarlemmermeer (Schiphol Airport), Arnhem, Maastricht, Rotterdam, Venlo or The Hague. The notice convening a General Meeting must be given to the shareholders by advertisement in at least one national daily newspaper published in The Netherlands no later than the fifteenth day prior to the meeting. The notice will contain the agenda for the meeting or state that the agenda can be obtained at the offices of the Company.
The agenda shall contain such subjects to be considered at the General Meeting, as the persons convening or requesting the meeting shall decide. Under Dutch law, holders of shares representing solely or jointly at least one hundredth part of the issued share capital, or represents a value of at least EUR 50,000,000 may request the company not later than on the sixtieth day prior to the day of the General Meeting to include certain subjects on the notice convening a meeting, provided that it is not detrimental to the vital interest of the company. No valid resolutions can be adopted at a General Meeting in respect of subjects which are not mentioned in the agenda.
General Meetings are presided over by the chairman of the Supervisory Board or, in his absence, by any person nominated by the Supervisory Board.
At the General Meeting, each share shall confer the right to cast one vote, unless otherwise provided by law or the Articles. No votes may be cast in respect of shares that we or our subsidiaries hold, or by usufructuaries and pledges of shares. All shareholders and other persons entitled to vote at General Meetings are entitled to attend General Meetings, to address the meeting and to vote. They must notify the Managing Board in writing of their intention to be present or represented not later than on the third day prior to the day of the meeting, unless the Managing Board permits notification within a shorter period of time prior to any such meeting. Subject to certain exceptions, resolutions may be passed by a simple majority of the votes cast.
Except for resolutions to be adopted by the meeting of holders of Preference Shares, our Articles do not allow the adoption of shareholders resolutions by written consent (or otherwise without holding a meeting).
A resolution of the General Meeting to amend the Articles, dissolve QIAGEN, issue shares or grant rights to subscribe for shares or limit or exclude any pre-emptive rights to which shareholders shall be entitled is valid only if proposed to the General Meeting by the Supervisory Board.
A resolution of the General Meeting to amend the Articles is further only valid if the complete proposal has been made available for inspection by the shareholders and the other persons entitled to attend General Meetings at our offices as from the day of notice convening such meeting until the end of the meeting. A resolution to amend the Articles to change the rights attached to the shares of a specific class requires the approval of the relevant class meeting.
Resolutions of the General Meeting in a meeting that has not been convened by the Managing Board and/or the Supervisory Board, or resolutions included on the agenda for the meeting at the request of shareholders, will be valid only if adopted with a majority of two-thirds of votes cast representing more than half the issued share capital, unless the Articles require a greater majority or quorum. Our Articles do not provide for shareholders to act by written consent outside of a General Meeting.
A resolution of the General Meeting to approve a legal merger or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets is valid only if adopted by a vote of at least two-thirds of the issued share capital, unless proposed by the Supervisory Board, in which case a simple majority of the votes cast shall be sufficient.
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A shareholder shall upon request be provided, free of charge, with written evidence of the contents of the share register with regard to the shares registered in its name. Furthermore any shareholder shall, upon written request, have the right, during normal business hours, to inspect our share register and a list of our shareholders and their addresses and shareholdings, and to make copies or extracts therefrom. Such request must be directed to our Managing Directors at our registered office in the Netherlands or at our principal place of business. Financial records and other company documents (other than made public) are not available in this manner for shareholder review but an extract of the minutes of the General Meeting shall be made available.
According to Dutch law certain resolutions of the Managing Board regarding a significant change in the identity or nature of the company are subject to the approval of the General Meeting. The following resolutions of the Managing Board acquire the approval of the General Meeting in any event:
(i) The transfer of the enterprise or practically the entire enterprise to a third party;
(ii) To conclude or cancel any long lasting cooperation by the company or an affiliate (dochtermaatschappij) with any other legal person or company or as a fully liable general partner of a limited partnership or a general partnership, provided that such cooperation or the cancellation thereof is of essential importance to the company; and
(iii) To acquire or dispose of a participation interest in the capital of a company with a value of at least one-third of the sum of the assets according to the consolidated balance sheet with explanatory notes thereto according to the last adopted annual accounts of the company, by the company or an affiliate (dochtermaatschappij).
No Derivative Actions; Right to Request Independent Inquiry
Dutch law does not afford shareholders the right to institute actions on behalf of or in our interest. Shareholders holding at least one-tenth of our issued capital, or EUR 225,000, in nominal amount of our shares may inform the Managing Board and the Supervisory Board of their objections as to the policy or the course of our affairs and, within a reasonable time thereafter, may request the Enterprises Division of the Court of Appeal in Amsterdam to order an inquiry into the policy and the course of our affairs by independent investigators. If such an inquiry is ordered and the investigators conclude that there has been mismanagement, the shareholders can request the Division to order certain measures such as a suspension or annulment of resolutions.
Liquidation Rights
In the event of our dissolution and liquidation, the assets remaining after payment of all debts and liquidation expenses will be distributed among registered holders of Common Shares in proportion to the par value of their Common Shares, subject to liquidation preference rights of holders of Preference Shares and Financing Preference Shares, if any.
Restrictions on Transfer of Preference Shares
The Supervisory board upon application in writing must approve each transfer of Preference Shares. If approval is refused, the Supervisory Board will designate prospective purchasers willing and able to purchase the shares, otherwise the transfer will be deemed approved.
Limitations on Rights to Own Securities
Other than with respect to usufructuaries and pledges who have no voting rights, our Articles do not impose limitations on rights to own securities.
Provisions which may Defer or Prevent a Change in Control
The Option Agreement and our Articles could, under certain circumstances, prevent a third party from obtaining a majority of the voting control of our shares by issuing Preference Shares. Pursuant to the Articles
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(and pursuant to the resolution adopted by our General Meeting on June 16, 2004), the Supervisory Board is authorized to issue Preference Shares if (i) a person has (directly or indirectly) acquired or has expressed a desire to acquire, more than 20% of our issued capital or (ii) a person holding at least a 10% interest in us has been designated as an adverse person by the Supervisory Board. Under the Option Agreement, SPAQ could acquire Preference Shares subject to the provisions mentioned in this paragraph.
If the Supervisory Board opposes an intended take-over and authorizes the issuance of Preference Shares, the bidder may withdraw its bid or enter into negotiations with the Managing Board and/or Supervisory Board and agree on a higher bid price for our shares.
Due to the implementation of the EC Directive or Takeover Bids, or 13th Directive, in Dutch legislation, shareholders who obtain control of a company are obliged to make a mandatory offer to all other shareholders. The threshold for a mandatory offer is set at the ability to exercise 30% of the voting rights at the General Meeting of shareholders in a Dutch public limited company (naamloze vennootschap) whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market in the EU (i.e. QIAGEN).
Ownership Threshold Requiring Disclosure
Our Articles do not provide an ownership threshold above which ownership must be disclosed.
Exchange Controls
There are currently no limitations either under the laws of The Netherlands or in our Articles, to the rights of shareholders from outside The Netherlands to hold or vote Common Shares. Under current foreign exchange regulations in The Netherlands, there are no material limitations on the amount of cash payments that we may remit to residents of foreign countries.
Obligation of Shareholders to Disclose Major Holdings
Holders of our Common Shares or rights to acquire Common Shares (which include options and convertible bonds) may be subject to notification obligations under Chapter 5.3 of the Dutch Financial Markets Supervision Act, or the FMSA.
Under Chapter 5.3 FMSA any person whose direct or indirect interest (including potential interest, such as options and convertible bonds) in our capital or voting rights reaches or crosses a threshold percentage must notify the Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets, or AFM: (a) immediately, if this is the result of an acquisition or disposal by it; (b) within 4 trading days after such reporting, if this is the result of a change in our share capital or votes reported in the AFMs public register. The threshold percentages are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75 and 95 percent.
Furthermore persons holding 5 percent or more in our voting rights or capital interest must within 4 weeks after December 31 of each year notify the AFM of any changes in the composition of their interest since their last notification.
The following instruments qualify as shares: (i) shares, (ii) depositary receipts for shares (or negotiable instruments similar to such receipts), (iii) negotiable instruments for acquiring the instruments under (i) or (ii) (such as convertible bonds), and (iv) options for acquiring the instruments under (i) or (ii). Among others the following shares and votes qualify as shares and votes held by a person: (i) those directly held by him; (ii) those held by his subsidiaries; (iii) shares held by a third party for such persons account and the votes such third party may exercise; (iv) the votes held by a third party if such person has concluded an oral or written agreement with such party which provides for a lasting common policy on voting; (v) the votes held by a third party if such person has concluded an oral or written agreement with such party which provides for a temporary
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and paid transfer of the shares; (vi) the votes which a person may exercise as a proxy but in his own discretion. Special rules apply to the attribution of the Common Shares which are part of the property of a partnership or other community of property. A holder of a pledge or right of usufruct in respect of Common Shares can also be subject to a notification obligation if such person has, or can acquire, the right to vote on Common Shares. If a pledgor or usufructuary acquires such voting rights, this may trigger a notification obligation for the holder of the Common Shares.
Under section 5:48 of the FMSA, each of our managing and supervisory directors must without delay notify the AFM of any changes in his interest or potential interest in our capital or voting rights.
The AFM will publish all notifications on its public website (www.afm.nl).
Non-compliance with the notification obligations of Chapter 5.3 FMSA can lead to imprisonment or criminal fines, or administrative fines or other administrative sanctions. In addition, non-compliance with these notification obligations may lead to civil sanctions, including, without limitation, suspension of the voting rights attaching to our shares held by the offender for a maximum of three years, (suspension and) nullification of a resolution adopted by our General Meeting of shareholders (if it is likely that such resolution would not have been adopted if the offender had not voted) and a prohibition for the offender to acquire our Common Shares or votes for a period of not more than five years.
Taxation
The following is a general summary of certain material United States federal income and The Netherlands tax consequences to holders of our Common Shares (collectively, U.S. Holders) who are (i) citizens or residents of the United States, (ii) entities subject to U.S. corporate tax, (iii) certain pension trusts and other retirement or employee benefits organizations established in the United States but generally exempt from U.S. tax, (iv) certain not-for-profit organizations established in the United States but generally exempt from U.S. tax, (v) United States regulated investment companies, United States real estate investment trusts, and United States real estate mortgage conduits, and (vi) partnerships or similar pass-through entities, estates, and trusts to the extent the income of such partnerships, similar entities, estates, or trusts is subject to tax in the United States as income of a resident in its hands or the hands of its partners, beneficiaries, or grantors. This summary does not discuss every aspect of such taxation that may be relevant to U.S. Holders. Therefore, all prospective purchasers of our Common Shares who would be U.S. Holders are advised to consult their own tax advisor with respect to the United States federal, state and local tax consequences, as well as the Netherlands tax consequences, of the ownership of our Common Shares. This summary is based upon the advice of Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. with respect to tax consequences for U.S. Holders and Baker & McKenzie with respect to tax consequences under Netherlands law.
The statements of The Netherlands and United States tax laws set out below are based on the laws in force as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F, and as a consequence are subject to any changes in United States or The Netherlands law, or in the double taxation conventions between the United States and The Netherlands, occurring after such date.
Netherlands Tax Considerations
The following describes the material tax consequences under Netherlands law of an investment in our Common Shares. Such description is based on current Netherlands law as interpreted under officially published case law, and is limited to the tax implications for an owner of our Common Shares who is not, or is not deemed to be, a resident of The Netherlands for purposes of the relevant tax codes (a non-resident Shareholder or Shareholder).
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Dividend Withholding Tax
General. Upon distribution of dividends, we would be obligated to withhold 15% dividend tax at source and to pay the amount withheld to The Netherlands tax authorities. The term dividends means income from shares or other rights participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights that is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of The Netherlands. Dividends include dividends in cash or in kind, constructive dividends, certain repayments of capital qualified as dividends, interest on loans that are treated as equity for Netherlands corporate income tax purposes and liquidation proceeds in excess of, for Netherlands tax purposes, recognized paid-in capital. Stock dividends are also subject to withholding tax derived from our paid-in share premium which is recognized for Netherlands tax purposes.
No withholding tax applies on the proceeds resulting from the sale or disposition of our Common Shares to persons other than QIAGEN and our affiliates.
A Shareholder can be eligible for a reduction or a refund of Netherlands dividend withholding tax under a tax convention which is in effect between the country of residence of the Shareholder and The Netherlands. The Netherlands has concluded such conventions with, among others, the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Japan and virtually all EU Member States.
U.S. Shareholders. Under the Tax Convention between The Netherlands and the United States (the Convention), the withholding tax on dividends we pay to a resident of the United States (as defined in the Convention) who is entitled to the benefits of the Convention, may be reduced to 5% (in the case of a corporate U.S. Shareholder that holds 10% or more of the voting power of a Netherlands company) or 15% (in the case of other U.S. Shareholders), unless such U.S. shareholders have a permanent establishment in The Netherlands with which the shares are effectively connected.
A full exemption from Netherlands withholding tax may apply to certain U.S. corporate shareholders owning at least 80% of QIAGEN voting power for a period of at least twelve months prior to the distribution.
Dividends we pay to U.S. pension funds and U.S. tax exempt organizations may be eligible for an exemption from dividend withholding tax.
Dividend Stripping. A refund, reduction, exemption, or credit of Netherlands dividend withholding tax on the basis of Netherlands tax law or on the basis of a tax treaty between The Netherlands and another state, will only be granted if the dividends are paid to the beneficial owner (uiteindelijk gerechtigde) of the dividends. A recipient of a dividend is not considered to be the beneficial owner of a dividend in an event of dividend stripping, in which he has paid a consideration related to the receipt of such dividend. In general terms, dividend stripping can be described as the situation in which a foreign or domestic person (usually, but not necessarily, the original shareholder) has transferred his shares or his entitlement to the dividend distributions to a party that has a more favorable right to a refund or reduction of Netherlands dividend withholding tax than the foreign or domestic person. In these situations, the foreign or domestic person (usually the original shareholder) avoids Netherlands dividend withholding tax while retaining his beneficial interest in the shares and the dividend distributions, by transferring his shares or his entitlement to the dividend distributions.
Income Tax and Corporate Income Tax
General. A non-resident Shareholder will not be subject to Netherlands income tax with respect to dividends we distribute on our Common Shares or with respect to capital gains derived from the sale or disposition of our Common Shares, provided that:
(a) the non-resident Shareholder has not made an election for the application of the rules of The Netherlands 2001 Income Tax Act as they apply to residents of The Netherlands;
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(b) the non-resident Shareholder does not carry on or have an interest in a business in The Netherlands through a permanent establishment or a permanent representative to which or to whom the Common Shares are attributable or deemed to be attributable;
(c) the non-resident Shareholder does not have a direct or indirect substantial or deemed substantial interest (aanmerkelijk belang, as defined in the Netherlands tax code) in our share capital or, in the event the Shareholder does have such a substantial interest, such interest is a business asset; and
(d) the non-resident Shareholder is not entitled to a share in the profits of an enterprise, to which our Common Shares are attributable and that is effectively managed in The Netherlands, other than by way of securities or through an employment contract.
In general terms, a substantial interest (aanmerkelijk belang) in our share capital does not exist if the Shareholder (individuals as well as corporations), alone or together with his partner, does not own, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of the nominal paid-in capital of, or any class of our shares, does not have the right to acquire 5% or more of the nominal paid-in capital of, or any class of our shares (including a call option) and does not have the right to share in our profit or liquidation revenue amounting to 5% or more of the annual profits or liquidation revenue.
There is no all-encompassing definition of the term business asset; whether this determination can be made in general depends on the facts presented and in particular on the activities performed by the Shareholder. If the Shareholder materially conducts a business activity, while the key interest of his investment in our Shares will not be his earnings out of the investment in our Shares but our economic activity, an investment in our Shares will generally be deemed to constitute a business asset, in particular if the Shareholders involvement in our business will exceed regular monitoring of his investment in our Shares.
U.S. Shareholders. Pursuant to the Convention, the gain derived by a U.S. Shareholder from an alienation of our Common Shares constituting a substantial interest of the Shareholder in QIAGEN, not effectively connected or deemed connected with a permanent establishment or permanent representative of the Shareholder in The Netherlands, is not subject to Netherlands income tax or corporate income tax, provided that the gain from the alienation of our Common Shares is not derived by an individual Shareholder who has, at any time during the five-year period preceding such alienation, been a resident of The Netherlands according to Netherlands tax law and who owns, at the time of the alienation, either alone or together with close relatives, at least 25% of any class of our shares.
Gift and Inheritance Tax
A gift or inheritance of our Common Shares from a non-resident Shareholder will generally not be subject to a Netherlands gift and inheritance tax, provided that the Shareholder does not own a business which is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment or a permanent representative in The Netherlands to which or to whom our Common Shares are attributable. The Netherlands has concluded a tax convention with the United States based on which double taxation on inheritances may be avoided if the inheritance is subject to Netherlands and/or U.S. inheritance tax and the deceased was a resident of either The Netherlands or the United States.
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following summarizes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership of our Common Shares by an investor that purchases such Common Shares and that will hold the Common Shares as capital assets. This summary does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential tax considerations and does not address holders subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws (including insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, regulated investment companies, financial institutions, broker dealers or holders that own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of our voting shares).
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As used herein, references to a U.S. Holder are to a holder of our Common Shares that is (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation organized under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof, or (iii) a person or entity otherwise subject to United States federal income taxation on a net income basis with respect to our Common Shares (including a non-resident alien or foreign corporation that holds, or is deemed to hold, our Common Shares in connection with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business); and references to a non-U.S. Holder are to a holder that is not a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Taxation of Dividends
To the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, distributions, if any, made with respect to our Common Shares will be includable for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the income of a U.S. Holder as ordinary dividend income in an amount equal to the sum of any cash and the fair market value of any property that we distribute, before reduction for Netherlands withholding tax. For tax years beginning before 2011, such dividends will be eligible to be treated by U.S. Holder individuals as qualified dividend income subject to a maximum tax rate of 15 percent, if the shareholder receiving the dividend satisfies the holding period requirements, and if we are not treated for our taxable year in which the dividend is paid, or our preceding taxable year, as a passive foreign investment company (see TaxationUnited States Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsPassive Foreign Investment Company Status). To the extent that such distribution exceeds our current or accumulated earnings and profits, it will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in our Common Shares and thereafter as taxable capital gain. Dividends generally will be treated as income from sources outside the United States and generally will be passive income (or, in the case of certain holders, financial services income) for purposes of the foreign tax credit limitation. Dividends we pay will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations in certain circumstances under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). A U.S. Holder may elect annually to either deduct The Netherlands withholding tax (see TaxationNetherlands Tax ConsiderationsDividend Withholding Tax) against their income (in which case, the election will apply to all foreign income taxes such U.S. Holder paid in that year) or take the withholding taxes as a credit against their U.S. tax liability, subject to U.S. foreign tax credit limitation rules. If the dividends are qualified for the lower applicable capital gains rate (as discussed in the above paragraph), the amount of the dividend income taken into account for calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will be in general be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the reduced rate, divided by the highest rate of tax normally applicable to dividends, For the purposes of computing the foreign tax credit, dividends paid on our Common Shares will be treated as income from sources outside the United States, but generally will be grouped separately, together with other items of passive or financial services income. Recently enacted legislation (the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, or the Act) will modify the foreign tax credit limitation by reducing the number of classes of foreign source income to two for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2006. Under the Act, dividends paid on our Common Shares will generally constitute passive category income but could, in the case of certain US holders, constitute general category income. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex. We urge you to consult with your own tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit in your particular circumstances.
Dividends we pay in a currency other than the U.S. dollar will be included in the income of a U.S. Holder in a U.S. dollar amount based upon the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt. A U.S. Holder will have a tax basis in such foreign currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any gain or loss on a subsequent disposition of such foreign currency (including a subsequent conversion into U.S. dollars) will be ordinary income or loss. Such gain or loss will generally be income from sources within the U.S. for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
A non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on distributions with respect to our Common Shares that are treated as dividend income for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless such dividends are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States by such non-U.S. Holder, (and are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained in the
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United States by such non-U.S. Holder, if an applicable income tax treaty so requires as a condition for such non-U.S. Holder to be subject to U.S. taxation on a net income basis in respect of income from our Common Shares), in which case the non-U.S. Holder generally will be subject to tax in respect of such dividends in the same manner as a U.S. Holder. Any such effectively connected dividends received by a non-United States corporation may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. A non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on distributions with respect to our Common Shares that are treated as capital gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless such holder would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares, as discussed below.
Taxation of Capital Gains
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, upon the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares, a U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the disposition of our Common Shares and the U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in our Common Shares. Such gain or loss generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax. An individual U.S. Holder is generally subject to a maximum capital gains rate of 15% for our Common Shares held for more than a year. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, capital losses are subject to limitations on deductibility. Gain realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares generally will be treated as income from sources within the United States for purposes of the foreign tax credit limitation.
A non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax or withholding tax on gain realized on the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares unless (i) the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of the non-U.S. Holder in the United States (and is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained in the United States by such non-U.S. Holder, if an applicable income tax treaty so requires as a condition for such non-U.S. Holder to be subject to U.S. taxation on a net income basis in respect of gain from the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares) or (ii) such holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale, and certain other conditions are met. Effectively connected gains realized by a corporate Non-U.S. Holder may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Status
We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company (PFIC) for U.S. federal income tax purposes if certain tests are met. We will be a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder if for any taxable year in which the U.S. Holder held our Common Shares, either (i) 75% or more of our gross income for the taxable year is passive income; or (ii) the average value of our assets (during the taxable year) which produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least 50% of the average value of all assets for such year. Passive income means, in general, dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person), annuities, and gains from assets which would produce such income other than sales of inventory. For the purpose of the PFIC tests, if a foreign corporation owns at least 25% by value of the stock of another corporation, the foreign corporation is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation, and as if it had received directly its proportionate share of the income of such other corporation. The effect of this special provision with respect to QIAGEN and our ownership of our subsidiaries is that we, for purposes of the income and assets tests described above, will be treated as owning directly our proportionate share of the assets of our subsidiaries and of receiving directly our proportionate share of each of those companies income, if any, so long as we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% by value of the particular companys stock. Active business income of our subsidiaries will be treated as our active business income, rather than as passive income. Based on our current income, assets and activities, we do not believe that we are currently a PFIC. No assurances can be made, however, that the IRS will not challenge this position or that we will not subsequently become a PFIC. Following the close of any tax year, we intend to promptly send a notice to all shareholders of record at any time during such year, if we determine that we are a PFIC.
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Prospective purchasers of our Common Shares are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the PFIC rules and their effect on an investment in our Common Shares, with particular regard to (i) the advisability of making the qualified election in the event that we notify the shareholders that we have become a PFIC in any taxable year, or (ii) the advisability of making the mark-to-market election provided in the tax law.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, dividend payments, or other taxable distributions, paid within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries on our Common Shares will be subject to information reporting requirements and backup withholding tax at the rate of 28% for a non-corporate United States person and, who also:
| fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number; |
| is notified by the Internal Revenue Service that the individual has failed to report all interest or dividends required to be shown on the Federal income tax returns; or |
| in certain circumstances, fails to comply with applicable certification requirements. |
Certain corporations and persons that are not United States persons may be required to establish their exemption from information reporting and backup withholding by certifying their status on Internal Revenue Service Form W-8 or W-9.
If a United States person sells our Common Shares to or through a United States office of a broker, the payment of the proceeds is subject to both United States backup withholding and information reporting unless the individual can certify that they are a non-U.S. person, under penalties of perjury, or they otherwise establish an exemption. If a United States person sells our Common Shares through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker and the sale proceeds are paid to the person outside the United States then information reporting and backup withholding generally will not apply to that payment. However, United States information reporting requirements, but not backup withholding, will apply to a payment of sales proceeds, even if that payment is made to the United States person outside the United States, if the person sells our Common Shares through a non-U.S. office of a broker that is a U.S. person or has certain other contacts with the United States.
A Holder generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules that exceed such holders income tax liability by filing a refund claim with the United States Internal Revenue Service.
Foreign Currency Issues
If dividends are paid in euros, the amount of the dividend distribution included in the income of a U.S. Holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the payments made in euros, determined at a spot, euro/U.S. dollar rate applicable to the date such dividend is includible in the income of the U.S. Holder, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Generally, gain or loss (if any) resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend is paid to the date such payment is converted into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss. We have never paid cash dividends on our share capital and do not intend to do so for the foreseeable future.
Documents on Display
Documents referred to in this Annual Report may be inspected at our principal executive office located at Spoorstraat 50, 5911 KJ Venlo, The Netherlands.
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Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our market risk relates primarily to interest rate exposures on cash, marketable securities and borrowings and foreign currency exposures. Financial risk is centrally managed and is regulated by internal guidelines which require a continuous internal risk analysis. The overall objective of our risk management is to reduce the potential negative earnings effects from changes in interest and foreign exchange rates. Exposures are managed through operational methods and financial instruments relating to interest rate and foreign exchange risks. In the ordinary course of business, we use derivative instruments, including swaps, forwards and/or options, to manage potential losses from foreign currency exposures and variable rate debt. The principal objective of such derivative instruments is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with global financial and operating activities. We do not utilize derivative or other financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. We account for derivative instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities and related guidance which require that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet, measure those instruments at fair value and recognize the change in fair value in earnings in the period of change, unless the derivative qualifies as an effective hedge that offsets certain exposures.
Foreign Currency Derivatives. As a globally active enterprise, we are subject to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currencies in our ordinary operations. This includes foreign currency-denominated receivables, payables, debt, and other balance sheet positions. We manage our balance sheet exposure on a group-wide basis primarily using foreign exchange forward contracts.
Interest Rate Derivatives. We use interest rate derivative contracts on certain borrowing transactions to hedge fluctuating interest rates. We have entered into interest rate swaps in which we agree to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and floating interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount.
We make use of economic hedges, i.e. derivatives that do not have a formally designated hedging relationship as well as SFAS 133-qualifying accounting hedges. All derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting in accordance with SFAS 133 are cash-flow hedges. Further details of our derivative and hedging activities can be found in Note 6 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Interest Rate Risk
At December 31, 2008, we had $333.3 million in cash and cash equivalents. Interest income earned on our cash investments is affected by changes in the relative levels of market interest rates. We only invest in high-grade investment instruments. A hypothetical adverse 10% movement in market interest rates would decrease 2008 earnings by approximately $950,000.
Borrowings against lines of credit are at variable interest rates. We had insignificant amounts outstanding against our lines of credit at December 31, 2008. A hypothetical adverse 10% movement in market interest rates would not have materially impacted our financial statements.
At December 31, 2008, we had $945.0 million in long-term debt, of which $300.0 million was, taking existing cash flow hedges into considerations, effectively at a variable rate. A hypothetical adverse 10% movement in market interest rates would decrease 2008 earnings by approximately $0.1 million, based on the period-end interest rate.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
As a global enterprise, we are subject to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currencies with regard to our ordinary operations. This includes foreign currency-denominated receivables, payables, debt, and other balance sheet positions as well as future cash flows resulting from anticipated transactions including intra-group transactions.
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A significant portion of our revenues and expenses are earned and incurred in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The euro is the most significant such currency, with others including the British pound, Japanese yen, Swiss franc, and Canadian and Australian dollars. Fluctuations in the value of the currencies in which we conduct our business relative to the U.S. dollar have caused and will continue to cause U.S. dollar translations of such currencies to vary from one period to another. Due to the number of currencies involved, the constantly changing currency exposures, and the potential substantial volatility of currency exchange rates, we cannot predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations upon future operating results. In general terms, depreciation of the U.S. dollar against our other foreign currencies will increase reported net sales. However, this effect is, at least partially, offset by the fact, that we also incur substantial expenses in foreign currencies.
We have significant production and manufacturing facilities located in Germany and Switzerland, and intercompany sales of inventory also expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk. Intercompany sales of inventory are generally denominated in the local currency of the subsidiary purchasing the inventory in order to centralize foreign currency risk with the manufacturing subsidiary. Payment for intercompany purchases of inventory is required within 30 days from invoice date. The delay between the date the manufacturing subsidiaries record revenue and the date when the payment is received from the purchasing subsidiaries exposes us to foreign exchange risk. To the extent practicable, such exposures are offset by operational measures, which include intercompany factoring transactions. We have entered into in the past, and may enter into in the future, foreign exchange derivatives, including forward contracts and options, to manage the remaining foreign exchange risk.
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not Applicable.
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Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Not applicable.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Managing Directors, with the assistance of other members of management, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, within 90 days of the date of this report. Based on that evaluation, they concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in this report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis.
There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed, such as the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective may not prevent or detect misstatements and can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. In addition, any determination of effectiveness of controls is not a projection of any effectiveness of those controls to future periods, as those controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13(a)-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Companys system of internal controls over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements and even when determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.
Based on our assessment under the COSO Internal Control-Integrated Framework, management believes that, as of December 31, 2008, our internal control over financial reporting is effective. Securities and Exchange Commission guidelines permit companies to exclude acquisitions from their assessment of internal control over financial reporting during the first year following an acquisition.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft Steuerberatungsgesellschaft the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008,
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has issued an attestation report on managements assessment of our internal control over financial reporting, which is included in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. This report appears on page F-2.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
The Supervisory Board has designated Dr. Werner Brandt as an audit committee financial expert as that term is defined in the SEC rules adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Dr. Brandt is independent as defined in the Marketplace Rules of the NASDAQ as applicable to Audit Committees.
QIAGEN has in place a Code of Conduct which qualifies as a code of ethics, as required by SEC and NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. The Code of Conduct applies to all of QIAGENs employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller and other persons performing similar functions. The full text of the Code of Conduct is available on our website at www.qiagen.com.
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The Audit Committee has adopted a pre-approval policy that requires the pre-approval of all services performed for us by our independent registered public accounting firm. Additionally, the Audit Committee has delegated to the Committee Chairman full authority to approve any management request for pre-approval, provided the Chairman presents any approval given at its next scheduled meeting. All audit-related services, tax services and other services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm or their affiliates were pre-approved by the Audit Committee and are compatible with maintaining the auditors independence.
At our 2008 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 26, 2008, our shareholders appointed Ernst & Young AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft Steuerberatungsgesellschaft to serve as our auditors for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008. Set forth below are the total fees billed (or expected to be billed), on a consolidated basis, by Ernst & Young AG and affiliates for providing audit and other professional services in each of the last two fiscal years:
(in thousands) |
2008 | 2007 | ||||
Audit fees |
$ | 1,971 | $ | 2,576 | ||
Audit related fees |
499 | 773 | ||||
Tax fees |
51 | 88 | ||||
All other fees |
| 14 | ||||
Total |
$ | 2,521 | $ | 3,451 | ||
Audit fees consist of fees and expenses billed for the annual audit and quarterly review of QIAGENs consolidated financial statements. They also include fees billed for other audit services, which are those services that only the statutory auditor can provide, and include the review of documents filed with the Securities Exchange Commission.
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Audit-related fees consist of fees and expenses billed for assurance and related services that are related to the performance of the audit or review of QIAGENs financial statements and include consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards and review of the opening balance sheets of newly acquired companies.
Tax fees include fees and expenses billed for tax compliance services, including assistance on the preparation of tax returns and claims for refund; tax consultations, such as assistance and representation in connection with tax audits and appeals, tax advice related to mergers and acquisitions, transfer pricing, and requests for rulings or technical advice from taxing authorities; tax planning services; and expatriate tax compliance, consultation and planning services.
All other fees include fees and expenses billed for services such as information technology projects, transaction due diligence and cost segregation studies as allowed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Item 16D. Exemptions From the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Not applicable.
Item 16F. Change in Registrants Certifying Accountant
Not applicable.
Item 16G. Corporate Governance
Our corporate governance practices generally derive from the provisions of [the Dutch Civil Code, and] the Dutch Corporate Governance Code. Further, due to our listing at the German Stock Exchange in Frankfurt, the Managing Board and the Supervisory Board of QIAGEN N.V. declared their intention to disclose in QIAGENs future Annual Reports the Companys compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code adopted by the Government Commission on the German Corporate Governance Code pursuant to §161 of the German Stock Corporation Law or state the deviations recorded in the period. These standards differ in some respects from the corporate governance practices followed by U.S. companies under the NASDAQ listing standards. A brief summary of the principal differences follows.
Two-Tier Board
QIAGEN is a Naamloze Vennootschap, or N.V., a Dutch limited liability company similar to a corporation in the United States. QIAGEN has a two-tier board structure. QIAGEN is managed by a Managing Board consisting of executive management acting under the supervision of a Supervisory Board (non executives), similar to a Board of Directors in a U.S. corporation. The Managing Board manages QIAGEN and is responsible for defining and achieving QIAGENs aims, strategy, policies and results. The Managing Board is also responsible for complying with all relevant legislation and regulations as well as for managing the risks associated with the business activities and the financing of QIAGEN. It reports related developments to and discusses the internal risk management and control systems with the Supervisory Board. The Managing Board is accountable for the performance of its duties to the Supervisory Board and the General Meeting of Shareholders (General Meeting). The Managing Board consists of one or more members as determined by the Supervisory Board. The members of the Managing Board are appointed by the General Meeting upon the joint meeting of the Supervisory Board and the Managing Board having made a binding nomination for each vacancy. However, the General Meeting may at all times overrule the binding nature of such a nomination by a resolution adopted by at
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least a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, if such majority represents more than half the issued share capital. Managing Directors are appointed annually for the period beginning on the date following the General Meeting up to and including the date of the General Meeting held in the following fiscal year. The remuneration of the management has been determined by a remuneration policy which has been approved by QIAGENs shareholders in the General Meeting dated June 14, 2005. The remuneration of the members of the Managing Board will, with due observance of the remuneration policy, be determined by the Supervisory Board based on a proposal by its Compensation Committee.
The Supervisory Board supervises the policies of the Managing Board, the general course of QIAGENs affairs and the business enterprises which it operates. The Supervisory Board assists the Managing Board by providing advice relating to the business activities of QIAGEN. In discharging its duties, the Supervisory Board takes into account the interests of QIAGEN, its enterprise and all parties involved in QIAGEN, including shareholders and other stakeholders.
Members of the Supervisory Board are appointed annually for the period beginning on the date following the General Meeting up to and including the date of the General Meeting held in the following fiscal year. Members of the Supervisory Board may be suspended and dismissed by the General Meeting by a resolution adopted by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, if such majority represents more than half of the issued share capital, unless the proposal was made by the Managing Board and the Supervisory Board in which case a simple majority of votes cast is sufficient. Pursuant to our Articles, members of the Supervisory Board cannot be involved in the day-to-day management of our business. Our Supervisory Board has specified matters requiring its approval, including decisions and actions which would fundamentally change the companys assets, financial position or results of operations. The Supervisory Board has appointed an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Selection and Appointment (Nomination) Committee from among its members and can appoint other committees as deemed beneficial. The Supervisory Board has approved charters pursuant to which each of the committees operates.
Independence
Unlike the NASDAQ listing standards which require a majority of the Supervisory Board members to be independent, the Dutch Corporate Governance Code recommends that all Supervisory Board members, with the exception of not more than one person, shall be independent within the meaning of best practice provision. In some cases the Dutch independence requirement is more stringent, such as by requiring a longer look back period (five years) for former executive directors. In other cases, the NASDAQ rules are more stringent, such as a broader definition of disqualifying affiliations. Currently, a majority of our Supervisory Board are independent under both the NASDAQ and Dutch definitions.
Independent Auditors
In contrast to rules applicable to U.S. companies, which require that external auditors be appointed by the Audit Committee, Dutch law requires that external auditors be appointed by the General Meeting. In accordance with the requirements of Dutch law, the appointment and removal of our independent registered public auditor must be approved by the General Meeting. The Supervisory Board nominates a candidate for the appointment of an external auditor, for which purpose both the Audit Committee and the Managing Board advise the Supervisory Board. The remuneration of the external auditor, and instructions to the external auditor to provide non-audit services, shall be approved by the Supervisory Board on the recommendation of the Audit Committee and after consultation with the Managing Board. At least once every four years, the Supervisory Board and the Audit Committee shall conduct a thorough assessment of the functioning of the external auditor. The main conclusions of this assessment shall be communicated to the General Meeting for the purposes of assessing the nomination for the appointment of the external auditor.
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Exemptions
Exemptions from the NASDAQ corporate governance standards are available to foreign private issuers, such as QIAGEN when those standards are contrary to a law, rule or regulation of any public authority exercising jurisdiction over such issuer or contrary to generally accepted business practices in the issuers country of domicile. In connection with QIAGENs initial public offering, NASDAQ granted QIAGEN exemptions from certain corporate governance standards that are contrary to the laws, rules, regulations or generally accepted business practices of The Netherlands. These exemptions and the practices followed by QIAGEN are described below:
| QIAGEN is exempt from NASDAQs quorum requirements applicable to meetings of ordinary shareholders. In keeping with the law of The Netherlands and generally accepted business practices in The Netherlands, QIAGENs Articles of Association provide that there are no quorum requirements generally applicable to meetings of the General Meeting. |
| QIAGEN is exempt from NASDAQs requirements regarding the solicitation of proxies and provision of proxy statements for meetings of the General Meeting. QIAGEN does furnish proxy statements and solicit proxies for meetings of shareholders. However, the laws of The Netherlands do not provide for a record date to be fixed in advance of a General Meeting. As a result, the holder of the shares on the day of the meeting may vote the shares at the meeting. QIAGENs transfer agent has implemented procedures to check votes by proxy for validity on the day of the meeting. |
| QIAGEN is exempt from NASDAQs requirements that shareholder approval be obtained prior to the establishment of, or material amendments to, stock option or purchase plans and other equity compensation arrangements pursuant to which options or stock may be acquired by directors, officers, employees or consultants. QIAGEN is also exempt from NASDAQs requirements that shareholder approval be obtained prior to certain issuances of stock resulting in a change of control, occurring in connection with acquisitions of stock or assets of another company or issued at a price less than the greater of book or market value other than in a public offering. QIAGENs Articles of Association do not require approval of the General Meeting prior to the establishment of a stock plan. The Articles of Association also permit the General Meeting to grant the Supervisory Board general authority to issue shares without further approval of the General Meeting. QIAGENs General Meeting has granted the Supervisory Board general authority to issue up to a maximum of our authorized capital without further approval of the General Meeting. QIAGEN plans to seek approval of the General Meetings for stock plans and stock issuances only where required under the law of The Netherlands or under QIAGENs Articles of Association. |
Further Information
For additional information regarding our boards, including the audit and other committees of our Supervisory Board, please refer to the discussion in Items 6 and 9 above.
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See Item 18.
See pages F-1 through F-46 included herein.
(A) | The following financial statements, together with the reports of Ernst & Young thereon, are filed as part of this annual report: |
F-1 | ||
F-2 | ||
F-3 | ||
F-4 | ||
F-6 | ||
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity and Comprehensive Income |
F-7 | |
F-8 | ||
F-10 | ||
S-1 |
*1.1 | Articles of Association as confirmed by notorial deed as of July 2, 2008 (English translation) | |
2.3 | Indenture between QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A., QIAGEN N.V., Deutsche Trustee Company Limited, Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A. dated August 18, 2004 (3) | |
2.4 | Agreement In Connection With The Delivery Of Ordinary Shares In The Share Capital Of QIAGEN N.V. Pursuant To Convertible Notes Due 2024 Issued By QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. dated August 18, 2004 (3) | |
2.5 | Amendment to Agreement In Connection With The Delivery Of Ordinary Shares In The Share Capital Of QIAGEN N.V. Pursuant To Convertible Notes Due 2024 Issued By QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. dated July 1, 2006 (5) | |
2.6 | Indenture between QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A., QIAGEN N.V., Deutsche Trustee Company Limited, Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A. dated May 16, 2006 (5) | |
2.7 | Agreement In Connection With The Delivery Of Ordinary Shares In The Share Capital Of QIAGEN N.V. Pursuant To Convertible Notes Due 2026 Issued By QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. dated May 8, 2006 (5) | |
2.8 | Amendment to Agreement In Connection With The Delivery Of Ordinary Shares In The Share Capital Of QIAGEN N.V. Pursuant To Convertible Notes Due 2026 Issued By QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. dated July 1, 2006 (5) | |
2.9 | Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement, dated July 13, 2007, between QIAGEN N.V. and Deutsche Bank AG (filed as Exhibit (b)) (7) | |
2.10 | Syndication and Amendment Agreement, dated September 25, 2007, between QIAGEN N.V. and Deutsche Bank AG (8) |
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4.1 | Lease Between QIAGEN GmbH and Gisantus Grundstucksverwaltungsgesellscharft mbH, dated January 13, 1997 (the Max-Volmer-Strasse 4 Lease) (Filed as Exhibit 10.3) (1) | |
4.2 | The Max-Volmer-Strasse 4 Lease Summary (Filed as Exhibit 10.3(a)) (1) | |
4.3 | Lease, dated as of March 2, 1998, by and between Digene and ARE-Metropolitan Grove I, LLC (8) | |
4.4 | Fourth Amendment to Lease, dated November 15, 2005, between ARE-Metropolitan Grove I, LLC and Digene Corporation (8) | |
4.5 | Agreement and Plan of Merger among QIAGEN N.V., QIAGEN North American Holdings, Inc., QIAGEN Merger Sub, LLC and Digene Corporation, dated as of June 3, 2007 (Filed as Exhibit 2.1) (6). | |
4.6 | Consultancy Agreement between QIAGEN GmbH and Dr. Metin Colpan dated December 4, 2003 (Filed as Exhibit 4.23) (3) | |
4.7 | Amendment No. 1 to the Consultancy Agreement between QIAGEN GmbH and Dr. Metin Colpan dated February 11, 2004 (4) | |
4.8 | QIAGEN N.V. Amended and Restated Stock Plan (Filed as Exhibit 99.4) (2) | |
4.9 | Digene Corporation Amended and Restated Omnibus Plan (Filed as Exhibit 99.2) (2) | |
4.10 | Digene Corporation Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (Filed as Exhibit 99.3) (2) | |
4.11 | Digene Corporation Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (Filed as Exhibit 99.1) (2) | |
*8.1 | List of Subsidiaries | |
*12.1 | Certifications under Section 302; Peer M. Schatz, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer | |
*12.2 | Certifications under Section 302; Roland Sackers, Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer | |
*13.1 | Certifications under Section 906; Peer M. Schatz, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer and Roland Sackers, Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer | |
*15.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
*15.2 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
* | Filed herewith. |
(1) | Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2000. |
(2) | Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement of QIAGEN N.V. on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 7, 2007. |
(3) | Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 19, 2005. |
(4) | Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 3, 2006. |
(5) | Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 2, 2007. |
(6) | Incorporated by reference to Form F-4 (File No. 333-143791) of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 15, 2007. |
(7) | Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to Schedule TO of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 18, 2007. |
(8) | Incorporated by reference to Form 20-F Annual Report of QIAGEN N.V. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 20, 2008. |
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The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
QIAGEN N.V. | ||||||||
Dated: March 25, 2009 |
||||||||
By: | /s/ Peer M. Schatz | |||||||
Peer M. Schatz, Chief Executive Officer |
85
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page | ||
F-1 | ||
F-2 | ||
F-3 | ||
F-4 | ||
F-6 | ||
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity and Comprehensive Income |
F-7 | |
F-8 | ||
F-10 |
86
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Supervisory Board and Shareholders of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for the years then ended. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 listed in the Index at Item 18A. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
As discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, QIAGEN N.V. changed its method of accounting for uncertainties in income taxes in 2007 upon adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 23, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young AG
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
Steuerberatungsgesellschaft
Mannheim, Germany
March 23, 2009
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Supervisory Board and Shareholders of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries
We have audited QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the COSO criteria.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for the years then ended of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries and our report dated March 23, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young AG
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
Steuerberatungsgesellschaft
Mannheim, Germany
March 23, 2009
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Supervisory Board and Shareholders of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2006. Our audit also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 19(A) for the year in the period ended December 31, 2006. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of QIAGEN N.V. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2006 and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the information in the related financial statement schedule for the year ended December 31, 2006, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
March 30, 2007
McLean, Virginia
F-3
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
ASSETS
As of December 31, | ||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
Assets |
||||||
Current Assets: |
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 333,313 | $ | 347,320 | ||
Marketable securities |
| 2,313 | ||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,070 and $3,344 in 2008 and 2007, respectively |
158,440 | 141,846 | ||||
Income taxes receivable |
14,441 | 10,696 | ||||
Inventories, net |
108,563 | 88,346 | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other |
61,424 | 33,693 | ||||
Deferred income taxes |
27,374 | 23,732 | ||||
Total current assets |
703,555 | 647,946 | ||||
Long-Term Assets: |
||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net |
289,672 | 283,491 | ||||
Goodwill |
1,152,105 | 1,107,882 | ||||
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $132,570 and $65,129 in 2008 and 2007, respectively |
640,309 | 639,107 | ||||
Deferred income taxes |
73,766 | 72,128 | ||||
Other assets |
25,916 | 24,620 | ||||
Total long-term assets |
2,181,768 | 2,127,228 | ||||
Total assets |
$ | 2,885,323 | $ | 2,775,174 | ||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
As of December 31, | ||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
Liabilities and Shareholders Equity |
||||||
Current Liabilities: |
||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 48,836 | $ | 40,379 | ||
Accrued and other liabilities (of which $6,358 and $6,410 due to related parties in 2008 and 2007, see Note 18) |
163,513 | 104,224 | ||||
Income taxes payable |
14,288 | 13,456 | ||||
Current portion of long-term debt |
25,000 | | ||||
Current portion of capital lease obligations |
2,984 | 2,769 | ||||
Deferred income taxes |
7,754 | 4,903 | ||||
Total current liabilities |
262,375 | 165,731 | ||||
Long-Term Liabilities: |
||||||
Long-term debt, net of current portion (of which $445,000 in 2008 and $450,000 in 2007 due to related parties, see Note 18) |
920,000 | 950,000 | ||||
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion |
29,718 | 33,017 | ||||
Deferred income taxes |
212,589 | 225,893 | ||||
Other (of which $1,391 due to related party in 2008, see Note 18) |
6,797 | 8,405 | ||||
Total long-term liabilities |
1,169,104 | 1,217,315 | ||||
Minority interest |
| 553 | ||||
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 16) |
||||||
Shareholders Equity: |
||||||
Preference shares, 0.01 EUR par value, authorized450,000,000 shares, no shares issued and outstanding |
| | ||||
Financing preference shares, 0.01 EUR par value, authorized40,000,000 shares, no shares issued and outstanding |
| | ||||
Common Shares, 0.01 EUR par value, authorized410,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding197,839,113 and 195,335,076 shares at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively |
2,212 | 2,175 | ||||
Additional paid-in capital |
958,665 | 925,597 | ||||
Retained earnings |
477,812 | 388,779 | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
15,155 | 75,024 | ||||
Total shareholders equity |
1,453,844 | 1,391,575 | ||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 2,885,323 | $ | 2,775,174 | ||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 892,975 | $ | 649,774 | $ | 465,778 | ||||||
Cost of sales |
293,285 | 216,227 | 147,303 | |||||||||
Gross profit |
599,690 | 433,547 | 318,475 | |||||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Research and development |
97,331 | 64,935 | 41,560 | |||||||||
Sales and marketing |
227,408 | 164,690 | 115,942 | |||||||||
General and administrative, integration and other |
113,936 | 87,178 | 56,087 | |||||||||
Acquisition-related intangible amortization |
14,368 | 7,711 | 2,085 | |||||||||
Purchased in-process research and development |
985 | 25,900 | 2,200 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses |
454,028 | 350,414 | 217,874 | |||||||||
Income from operations |
145,662 | 83,133 | 100,601 | |||||||||
Other Income (Expense): |
||||||||||||
Interest income |
9,511 | 19,509 | 16,359 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
(37,527 | ) | (31,455 | ) | (11,918 | ) | ||||||
Other income, net |
1,640 | 4,539 | 1,026 | |||||||||
Total other (expense) income |
(26,376 | ) | (7,407 | ) | 5,467 | |||||||
Income before provision for income taxes and minority interest |
119,286 | 75,726 | 106,068 | |||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
29,762 | 25,555 | 35,529 | |||||||||
Minority interest |
491 | 49 | | |||||||||
Net income |
$ | 89,033 | $ | 50,122 | $ | 70,539 | ||||||
Basic net income per common share |
$ | 0.45 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.47 | ||||||
Diluted net income per common share |
$ | 0.44 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.46 | ||||||
Shares used in computing basic net income per common share |
196,804 | 168,457 | 149,504 | |||||||||
Shares used in computing diluted net income per common share |
204,259 | 175,959 | 153,517 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Common Shares | Additional Paid-In Capital |
Retained Earnings |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Total Shareholders Equity |
|||||||||||||||||
(in thousands except shares) | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2005 |
148,455,864 | 1,513 | 157,796 | 274,200 | 16,948 | 450,457 | |||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | 70,539 | | 70,539 | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss, net on hedging contracts |
| | | | (539 | ) | (539 | ) | |||||||||||||
Realized loss, net on hedging contracts |
| | | | 2,122 | 2,122 | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss, net on marketable securities |
| | | | (1,565 | ) | (1,565 | ) | |||||||||||||
Translation adjustment |
| | | | 24,473 | 24,473 | |||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
| | | | | 95,030 | |||||||||||||||
Transition adjustment to pension liability upon adoption of new accounting standard, net of deferred taxes |
| | | | (204 | ) | (204 | ) | |||||||||||||
Stock issued for acquisition |
125,000 | 2 | 1,846 | | | 1,848 | |||||||||||||||
Common stock issuances under employee stock plan |
1,586,676 | 20 | 10,986 | | | 11,006 | |||||||||||||||
Tax benefit of employee stock plan |
| | 7,385 | | | 7,385 | |||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| | 326 | | | 326 | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from subscription receivable |
| | 317 | | | 317 | |||||||||||||||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2006 |
150,167,540 | 1,535 | 178,656 | 344,739 | 41,235 | 566,165 | |||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | 50,122 | | 50,122 | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain, net on hedging contracts |
| | | | 903 | 903 | |||||||||||||||
Realized loss, net on hedging contracts |
| | | | 611 | 611 | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss, net on marketable securities |
| | | | (504 | ) | (504 | ) | |||||||||||||
Realized gain, net on marketable securities |
| | | | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||||||||||
Unrealized gain, net on pension |
| | | | 47 | 47 | |||||||||||||||
Translation adjustment |
| | | | 32,733 | 32,733 | |||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
| | | | | 83,911 | |||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect due to the adoption of uncertain tax positions |
| | | (6,082 | ) | | (6,082 | ) | |||||||||||||
Stock issued for the acquisition of eGene Inc. |
870,444 | 12 | 15,598 | | | 15,610 | |||||||||||||||
Stock issued for the acquisition of Digene Corporation. |
39,618,164 | 563 | 635,388 | | | 635,951 | |||||||||||||||
Equity awards issued in connection with the Digene acquisition |
| | 33,212 | | | 33,212 | |||||||||||||||
Common stock issuances under employee stock plans |
4,678,928 | 65 | 42,217 | | | 42,282 | |||||||||||||||
Tax benefit of employee stock plans |
| | 9,944 | | | 9,944 | |||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| | 8,982 | | | 8,982 | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from subscription receivables |
| | 1,600 | | | 1,600 | |||||||||||||||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2007 |
195,335,076 | $ | 2,175 | $ | 925,597 | $ | 388,779 | $ | 75,024 | $ | 1,391,575 | ||||||||||
Net income |
| | | 89,033 | | 89,033 | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss, net on hedging contracts |
| | | | (3,920 | ) | (3,920 | ) | |||||||||||||
Realized gain, net on hedging contracts |
| | | | 533 | 533 | |||||||||||||||
Realized loss, net on marketable securities |
| | | | (780 | ) | (780 | ) | |||||||||||||
Unrealized gain, net on pension |
| | | | 65 | 65 | |||||||||||||||
Translation adjustment |
| | | | (55,767 | ) | (55,767 | ) | |||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
| | | | | 29,164 | |||||||||||||||
Stock issued for the acquisition of eGene Inc. |
16,860 | 1 | 301 | | | 302 | |||||||||||||||
Stock issued for the acquisition of Corbett. |
218,504 | 3 | 4,231 | | | 4,234 | |||||||||||||||
Common stock issuances from conversion of warrants |
395,417 | 5 | 4,995 | | | 5,000 | |||||||||||||||
Common stock issuances under employee stock plans |
1,873,256 | 28 | 13,427 | | | 13,455 | |||||||||||||||
Tax benefit of employee stock plans |
| | (662 | ) | | | (662 | ) | |||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| | 9,791 | | | 9,791 | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from subscription receivables |
| | 985 | | | 985 | |||||||||||||||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2008 |
197,839,113 | $ | 2,212 | $ | 958,665 | $ | 477,812 | $ | 15,155 | $ | 1,453,844 | ||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |
||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 89,033 | $ | 50,122 | $ | 70,539 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, net of effects of businesses acquired: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
42,618 | 31,257 | 21,818 | |||||||||
Amortization of purchased intangible assets |
63,086 | 31,326 | 8,220 | |||||||||
Purchased in-process research and development |
985 | 25,900 | 2,200 | |||||||||
Non-cash acquisition related costs |
5,869 | 2,839 | 4,745 | |||||||||
Share-based compensation: |
||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
9,791 | 8,982 | 326 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation |
(1,775 | ) | (9,944 | ) | (7,385 | ) | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
(17,694 | ) | (1,654 | ) | 5,210 | |||||||
Other |
(843 | ) | 1,809 | 889 | ||||||||
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
(Increase) decrease in: |
||||||||||||
Accounts receivable |
(19,078 | ) | (21,378 | ) | (3,275 | ) | ||||||
Income taxes receivable |
4,705 | (7,598 | ) | (5,385 | ) | |||||||
Inventories |
(30,371 | ) | (8,738 | ) | (4,202 | ) | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other |
(396 | ) | (4,604 | ) | 1,238 | |||||||
Other assets |
4,975 | (887 | ) | (1,662 | ) | |||||||
Increase (decrease) in: |
||||||||||||
Accounts payable |
5,753 | 956 | 2,720 | |||||||||
Accrued and other liabilities |
19,081 | (23,539 | ) | 1,523 | ||||||||
Income taxes payable |
(3,110 | ) | 7,534 | 525 | ||||||||
Other |
369 | 2,428 | 3,435 | |||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
172,998 | 84,811 | 101,479 | |||||||||
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |
||||||||||||
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |
(39,448 | ) | (34,492 | ) | (28,995 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of equipment |
1,233 | 715 | 1,256 | |||||||||
Purchases of intangible assets |
(18,469 | ) | (24,122 | ) | (6,358 | ) | ||||||
Purchases of investments |
(4,175 | ) | (747 | ) | | |||||||
Collections of note receivable in connection with disposed synthetic DNA business unit |
| 5,106 | 652 | |||||||||
Purchases of marketable securities |
| (45,444 | ) | (56,606 | ) | |||||||
Sales of marketable securities |
2,313 | 299,005 | 20,000 | |||||||||
Investment in unconsolidated subsidiary |
| | (42 | ) | ||||||||
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
(150,531 | ) | (859,692 | ) | (95,379 | ) | ||||||
Loan to related party |
(1,441 | ) | | | ||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(210,518 | ) | (659,671 | ) | (165,472 | ) | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(CONTINUED)
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |
||||||||||||
Proceeds from debt |
| 780,018 | 295,022 | |||||||||
Repayment of debt |
(5,000 | ) | (337,811 | ) | (9,825 | ) | ||||||
Principal payments on capital leases |
(2,995 | ) | (1,979 | ) | (745 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from subscription receivables |
985 | 1,600 | 317 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefits from share based compensation |
1,775 | 9,944 | 7,385 | |||||||||
Issuance of common shares under employee stock plans |
13,455 | 42,282 | 11,006 | |||||||||
Issuance of common shares under exercise of warrant |
5,000 | | | |||||||||
Other financing activities |
(451 | ) | | | ||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
12,769 | 494,054 | 303,160 | |||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
10,744 | (2,231 | ) | (510 | ) | |||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
(14,007 | ) | (83,037 | ) | 238,657 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year |
347,320 | 430,357 | 191,700 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year |
$ | 333,313 | $ | 347,320 | $ | 430,357 | ||||||
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: |
||||||||||||
Cash paid for interest |
$ | 36,460 | $ | 30,531 | $ | 24,289 | ||||||
Cash paid for income taxes |
$ | 39,475 | $ | 14,234 | $ | 36,384 | ||||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities: |
||||||||||||
Equipment purchased through capital lease |
$ | 141 | $ | 59 | $ | 175 | ||||||
Issuance of common shares in connection with acquisitions |
$ | 4,536 | $ | 651,561 | $ | 1,847 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2008
1. | Description of Business |
QIAGEN N.V., a Netherlands holding company, and subsidiaries (the Company) is a leading provider of innovative technologies and products for preanalytical sample preparation and linked molecular assay solutions. The Company has developed a comprehensive portfolio of more than 500 proprietary, consumable products and automated solutions for sample collection, and nucleic acid and protein handling, separation, and purification as well as open and target specific assays. The Company also supplies diagnostic kits, tests, and assays for human and veterinary molecular diagnostics. Products are sold to academic research markets, to leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, to applied testing customers (such as in forensics, veterinary, biodefense and industrial applications) as well as to molecular diagnostics laboratories. In addition, the Company sells and/or licenses technologies to others. The Companys products are subject to rapid technological change. Because of these technological changes, the Company needs to continuously expend resources toward research and development. Products are sold through a dedicated sales force and a global network of distributors in more than 40 countries.
During 2008, the Company acquired Corbett Life Science Pty. Ltd. and the assets related to the Biosystems Business from Biotage AB. During 2007, the Company acquired eGene Inc. and Digene Corporation, as discussed more fully in Note 4. These acquisitions have been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, and the acquired companies results have been included in the accompanying financial statements from their respective dates of acquisition.
2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries other than those that are considered variable interest entities for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. All amounts are presented in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated. Investments in companies where the Company exercises significant influence over the operations, and which the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary, are accounted for using the equity method. All other investments are accounted for under the cost method.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Concentrations of Risk
The Company buys materials for products from many suppliers, and is not dependent on any one supplier or group of suppliers for the business as a whole. However, key components of certain products, including certain instrumentation components and chemicals, are available only from a single source. If supplies from these vendors were delayed or interrupted for any reason, the Company may not be able to obtain these materials timely or in sufficient quantities in order to produce certain products and sales levels could be negatively
F-10
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
affected. Additionally, the Companys customers include researchers at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions and government and private laboratories. Fluctuations in the research and development budgets of these researchers and their organizations for applications in which the Companys products are used could have a significant effect on the demand for our products.
The financial instruments used in managing the Companys foreign currency and interest rate exposures have an element of risk in that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements. The Company attempts to minimize this risk by limiting the counterparties to a diverse group of highly-rated international financial institutions. The carrying values of the Companys financial instruments incorporate the non-performance risk by using market pricing for credit risk. However, the Company has no reason to believe that any counterparties will default on their obligations and therefore does not expect to record any losses as a result of counterparty default. In order to minimize the Companys exposure with any single counterparty, the Company has entered into master agreements which allow it to manage the exposure with the respective counterparty on a net basis. In connection with such agreements the Company does not require and is not required to pledge collateral for derivative transactions.
Other financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and accounts receivable. The Company attempts to minimize the risks related to cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments by using highly-rated financial institutions that invest in a broad and diverse range of financial instruments. The Company has established guidelines related to credit ratings and maturities of investments intended to maintain safety and liquidity. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to a large and diverse customer base, which is dispersed over different geographic areas. Allowances are maintained for potential credit losses and such losses have historically been within expected ranges.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying value of the Companys cash and cash equivalents, notes receivable, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short maturities of those instruments. The carrying value of the Companys variable rate debt and capital leases approximate their fair values because of the short maturities and/or interest rates which are comparable to those available to the Company on similar terms. The fair values of the notes payable to QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance, further discussed in Note 14, were estimated by using available over-the-counter market information on the convertible bonds which were issued by QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance, the values of which correlate to the fair value of the loan arrangements the Company has with QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance which includes the notes payable, the guarantee and the warrant agreement (further discussed in Note 10).
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities and Investments
Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit in banks and other cash invested temporarily in various instruments that are short-term and highly liquid, and having an original maturity of less than 90 days at the date of purchase.
Marketable Securities and Investments: The Company accounts for marketable securities in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. All such investments are classified as available for sale and stated at fair value. Interest income is accrued when earned, and changes in market values are reflected as unrealized gains and losses, calculated on the specific identification method, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
F-11
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The Company also has investments in non-marketable securities issued by privately held companies. These investments are included in other long-term assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are accounted for using the equity or cost method of accounting.
Marketable securities and investments are evaluated at least quarterly, or sooner if impairment indicators are noted, to determine if declines in value are other-than-temporary. In making that determination, the Company considers all available evidence relating to the realizable value of a security. This evidence includes, but is not limited to, the following:
| adverse financial conditions of a specific issuer, segment, industry, region or other variables; |
| the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; and |
| the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. |
Temporary declines in the value of investments classified as available-for-sale are recorded as an unrealized loss and netted with unrealized gains and reported as a separate component of shareholders equity. A decline in fair value below amortized cost that is judged to be other-than-temporary is accounted for as a realized loss and the write down is included in the consolidated statements of income. Realized gains and losses on the sale of investments are determined on a specific identification basis.
Accounts Receivable
The Companys accounts receivable are unsecured and the Company is at risk to the extent such amounts become uncollectible. The Company continually monitors accounts receivable balances, and provides for an allowance for doubtful accounts at the time collection becomes questionable based on payment history or age of the receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, write-offs of accounts receivable totaled $703,000, $1.1 million and $333,000 while provisions for doubtful accounts which were charged to expense totaled $827,000, $1.8 million and $378,000, respectively. For all years presented, no single customer represented more than ten percent of accounts receivable or consolidated net sales.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or market and include material, capitalized labor and overhead costs. Inventories consist of the following as of December 31, 2008 and 2007:
(in thousands) | ||||||
Raw materials |
$ | 34,820 | $ | 26,855 | ||
Work in process |
36,305 | 35,894 | ||||
Finished goods |
37,438 | 25,597 | ||||
Total inventories |
$ | 108,563 | $ | 88,346 | ||
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, including equipment acquired under capital lease obligations, are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (one to 60 years). Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the remaining life of the lease or the estimated useful life. The Company has a policy of capitalizing expenditures
F-12
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
that materially increase assets useful lives and charging ordinary maintenance and repairs to operations as incurred. When property or equipment is disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in other income (expense).
Acquired Intangibles and Goodwill
Acquired intangibles are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and consist of licenses to technology held by third parties and other intangible assets acquired by the Company. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful life of the underlying patents, which has historically ranged from one to twenty years. SFAS No. 142 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS No. 142) requires purchased intangible assets other than goodwill to be amortized over their estimated useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite. In accordance with SFAS No. 142, intangibles are assessed for recoverability considering the contract life and the period of time over which the intangible will contribute to future cash flow. The unamortized cost of intangible assets is evaluated periodically and adjusted, if necessary, if events and circumstances indicate that a permanent decline in value below the carrying amount has occurred.
Amortization expense related to developed technology and patent and license rights which have been acquired in a business combination is included in cost of sales. Amortization of trademarks, customer base and non-compete agreements which have been acquired in a business combination is recorded in operating expense under the caption acquisition-related intangible amortization. Amortization expenses of intangible assets not acquired in a business combination are recorded within either the cost of sales, research and development or sales and marketing line items based on the use of the asset.
Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price and the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired arising from business combinations. In accordance with SFAS No. 142, goodwill is subject to impairment tests annually or earlier if indicators of potential impairment exist, using a fair-value-based approach. The Company has elected to perform its annual test for indications of impairment as of October 1st of each year. Goodwill is potentially impaired when, in the first step, the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. Our reporting units are our subsidiaries. If impairment is indicated, then the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. In testing for potential impairment, the estimated fair value of reporting units is based upon discounted future operating cash flows using a discount rate reflecting the estimated average cost of funds. Future cash flows are based on recent sales data for existing products, planned timing of new product launches or capital projects, and customer commitments related to new and existing products. These budgets also included assumptions of future production volumes and pricing. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, goodwill has not been impaired.
Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or a group of assets may not be recoverable. The Company considers a history of operating losses or a change in expected sales levels to be indicators of potential impairment. Assets are grouped and evaluated for impairment at the lowest level for which there are identified cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. The Company deems an asset to be impaired if a forecast of undiscounted projected future operating cash flows directly related to the asset, including disposal value, if any, is less than its carrying amount. If an asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds fair value. The Company generally measures fair value by discounting projected future cash flows. Considerable judgment is necessary to estimate discounted future cash flows. Accordingly, actual results could differ from such estimates.
F-13
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Revenue Recognition
The Companys revenues are reported net of sales and value added taxes, discounts and sales allowances, and are derived primarily from the sale of consumable and instrumentation products, and to a much lesser extent, from the sale of services and technology. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commissions Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements (SAB 104). SAB 104 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.
Consumable Products
Revenue from consumable product sales is generally recognized upon transfer of title consistent with the shipping terms, and when all of the criteria of SAB 104 are achieved. Per the Companys usual shipping terms, title and risk of loss pass to the customer upon delivery of product to the shipping location. The Company maintains a small amount of consignment inventory at certain customer locations. Revenues for the consumable products which are consigned in this manner are recognized upon consumption. The Company generally allows returns of consumable products if the product is returned in a timely manner and in good condition. Allowances for returns are provided for based upon the historical pattern of returns and Managements evaluation of specific factors that impact the risk of returns.
Instrumentation
Revenue from instrumentation includes the instrumentation equipment, installation, training and other instrumentation services, such as extended warranty services or product maintenance contracts. Revenue from instrumentation equipment is generally recognized when title passes to the customer, upon either shipment or written customer acceptance after satisfying any installation and training requirements. For instrumentation equipment sales that contain other obligations, such as providing consumables, advanced training, separately-priced extended warranty services or separately-priced extended maintenance contracts, revenue is first allocated to separately-priced extended warranty or maintenance contracts based on the stated contract price, then the remaining contract value is allocated to the remaining elements based on objective, verifiable evidence of the fair value of the individual components. The price charged when the element is sold separately generally determines its fair value. Revenues for extended warranty services or extended product maintenance contracts are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period.
Other
Other revenue includes license fees, royalties and milestone payments. License fees from research collaborations include payments for technology transfer and access rights. Non-refundable, up-front payments received in connection with collaborative research and development agreements are generally deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period during which there is any continuing obligation. Payments for milestones, generally based on the achievement of substantive and at-risk performance criteria, are recognized in full at such time as the specified milestone has been achieved according to the terms of the agreement. Royalties from licensees are based on reported sales of licensed products and revenues are calculated based on contract terms when reported sales are reliably measurable, fees are fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.
Research and Development
Research and product development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses, facility costs and amounts paid to contract research
F-14
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
organizations, and laboratories for the provision of services and materials. Purchased in-process research and development is expensed if technological feasibility has not been demonstrated and there is no alternative use for the in-process technology.
Shipping and Handling Income and Costs
Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are recorded as revenue in the period that the related product sale revenue is recorded. Associated costs of shipping and handling are included in sales and marketing expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, shipping and handling costs totaled $17.1 million, $17.1 million and $8.8 million, respectively.
Advertising Costs
The costs of advertising are expensed as incurred according to Statement of Position 93-7, Reporting on Advertising Costs. Advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $21.5 million, $5.0 million and $2.6 million, respectively.
General and Administrative, Integration and Other Costs
General and administrative expenses primarily represent the costs required to support administrative infrastructure. In addition, the Company incurs indirect acquisition and business integration costs in connection with its purchase business combinations. These costs represent incremental costs that the Company believes would not have been incurred absent the business combinations. Major components of these costs include payroll and related costs for employees remaining with the Company on a transitional basis; public relations, advertising and media costs for re-branding of the combined organization; and, consulting and related fees incurred to integrate or restructure the acquired operations. Other costs include relocation and restructuring costs incurred in connection with a restructuring which was not contemplated at the time of acquisition. These costs are expensed as incurred.
Warranty
The Company warrants its products against defects in materials and workmanship generally for a period of one year. A provision for estimated future warranty costs is recorded at the time product revenue is recognized. The Companys product warranty obligations are included in accrued and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The changes in the carrying amount of warranty obligations are as follows:
(in thousands) | ||||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2006 |
$ | 1,413 | ||
Provision charged to income |
1,078 | |||
Usage |
(775 | ) | ||
Adjustments to previously provided warranties, net |
(155 | ) | ||
Currency translation |
60 | |||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2007 |
$ | 1,621 | ||
Provision charged to income |
1,884 | |||
Usage |
(622 | ) | ||
Adjustments to previously provided warranties, net |
(32 | ) | ||
Currency translation |
(127 | ) | ||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2008 |
$ | 2,724 | ||
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QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109 Accounting for Income Taxes. The deferred tax assets and/or liabilities are determined by multiplying the differences between the financial reporting and tax reporting bases for assets and liabilities by the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such differences are recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of SFAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. Tax benefits are initially recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Companys functional currency is the U.S. dollar and subsidiaries functional currencies are the local currency of the respective countries in which they are headquartered. All amounts in the financial statements of entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollar equivalents at exchange rates as follows: (1) assets and liabilities at period-end rates, (2) income statement accounts at average exchange rates for the period, and (3) components of shareholders equity at historical rates. Translation gains or losses are recorded in shareholders equity, and transaction gains and losses are reflected in net income. Realized gains or losses on the value of financial contracts entered into to hedge the exchange rate exposure of receivables and payables are also included in net income. The net gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions in 2008, 2007 and 2006 was ($230,000), $2.0 million, and ($660,000), respectively, and is included in other income (expense), net.
Derivative Instruments
The Company enters into derivative financial instrument contracts only for hedging purposes and accounts for them in accordance with SFAS No. 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and its amendments. The purpose of the derivative instruments is to minimize the variability of cash flows associated with the anticipated transactions being hedged or to hedge fluctuating interest rates. As changes in foreign currency or interest rate impact the value of anticipated transactions, the fair value of the forward or swap contracts also changes, offsetting foreign currency or interest rate fluctuations. Derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in fair value of derivatives are recorded in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction.
Share-Based Payments
The Company accounts for share-based payments in accordance with the provisions of FASB Statement No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, (SFAS No. 123(R)) and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment, (SAB 107). Under SFAS No 123(R), compensation cost for all share-based payments granted subsequent to January 1, 2006 are recorded based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R).
Stock Options: The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model for estimating the fair value of its stock options granted. Option valuation models, including Black-Scholes-Merton, require the input of highly subjective assumptions, and changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant date fair value
F-16
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
of an award. These assumptions include the risk-free rate of interest, expected dividend yield, expected volatility, and the expected life of the award.
Risk-Free Interest RateThis is the average U.S. Treasury rate (having a term that most closely resembles the expected life of the option) at the date the option was granted.
Dividend YieldThe Company has never declared or paid dividends on its common stock and does not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.
Expected VolatilityVolatility is a measure of the amount by which a financial variable such as a share price has fluctuated (historical volatility) or is expected to fluctuate (expected volatility) during a period. The Company uses a combination of the historical volatility of its stock price and the implied volatility of market-traded options of the Companys stock to estimate the expected volatility assumption input to the Black-Scholes-Merton model in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R) and SAB 107. The Companys decision to use a combination of historical and implied volatility is based upon the availability of actively traded options of its stock and its assessment that such a combination is more representative of future expected stock price trends.
Expected Life of the OptionThis is the period of time that the options granted are expected to remain outstanding. The Company estimated the expected life by considering the historical exercise behavior. The Company uses an even exercise methodology, which assumes that all vested, outstanding options are exercised uniformly over the balance of their contractual life.
Forfeiture RateThis is the estimated percentage of options granted that are expected to be forfeited or cancelled on an annual basis before becoming fully vested. The Company estimated the forfeiture rate based on historical forfeiture experience.
Restricted Stock Units: Restricted stock units represent rights to receive Common Shares at a future date. The fair market value is determined based on the number of restricted stock units granted and the market value of the Companys shares on the grant date. The fair market value at the time of the grant, less an estimate for pre-vesting forfeitures, is amortized to expense ratably over the vesting period.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications of prior year amounts have been made to conform to the current year presentation. Amounts reported in prior years as acquisition, integration and related costs within operating expenses are now included as part of the line General and administrative, integration, and other costs.
Recent Authoritative Pronouncements
In March 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (SFAS 161)an amendment of SFAS 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. SFAS 161 is intended to improve financial reporting about derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosures to enable investors to better understand their effects on an entitys financial condition, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. SFAS 161 will impact disclosures only and will not have an impact on the Companys consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, (SFAS 157). This statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting
F-17
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 requires disclosure of information that enables users of the financial statements to assess the inputs used to develop fair value measurements and, for recurring fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs, the effects of the measurements on earnings for the period. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. In February 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position 157-2, Effective date of FASB 157, which delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The delay is intended to allow the FASB and constituents additional time to consider the effect of various implementation issues that have arisen, or that may arise, from the application of SFAS 157. In October 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position (FSP) 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active (FSP 157-3). FSP 157-3 clarifies the application of SFAS No. 157 and provides an example to illustrate key considerations in determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that financial asset is not active. FSP 157-3 is effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements have not been issued. In accordance with the Staff Positions, we adopted SFAS 157 for financial assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2008. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations and financial position. The provisions of FAS 157 related to other nonfinancial assets and liabilities became effective for the Company on January 1, 2009, and are being applied prospectively. Additional information with respect to the adoption of this standard is set forth in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets, which amends the factors that must be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life over which to amortize the cost of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS 142. FSP 142-3 amends paragraph 11(d) of SFAS 142 to require an entity to consider its own assumptions about renewal or extension of the term of the arrangement, consistent with its expected use of the asset. FSP 142-3 also requires incremental disclosures for renewable intangible assets. FSP 142-3 is effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The guidance for determining the useful life of a recognized intangible asset must be applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date. Early adoption is prohibited. However, the incremental disclosure requirements would apply to all intangible assets, including those recognized in periods prior to the effective date of FSP 157-3. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R, Business Combinations, or SFAS 141R. SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer of a business recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree. The statement also provides guidance for recognizing and measuring the goodwill acquired in the business combination and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statement to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141R is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. While FAS No. 141R applies only to business combinations with an acquisition date after its effective date, the amendments to FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (FAS 109), with respect to deferred tax valuation allowances and liabilities for income tax uncertainties will be applied to all deferred tax valuation allowances and liabilities for income tax uncertainties recognized in prior business combinations. The Company expects SFAS No. 141R will have an impact on the consolidated financial statements when effective, but the nature and magnitude of the specific effects will depend upon the nature, terms and size of the acquisitions consummated after the effective date. The Company is still assessing the impact of this standard on the future consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51, which establishes new standards governing the accounting for and
F-18
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
reporting of noncontrolling interests (NCIs) in partially owned consolidated subsidiaries and the loss of control of subsidiaries. Certain provisions of this standard indicate, among other things, that NCIs (previously referred to as minority interests) be treated as a separate component of equity, not as a liability; that increases and decreases in the parents ownership interest that leave control intact be treated as equity transactions, rather than as step acquisitions or dilution gains or losses; and that losses of a partially owned consolidated subsidiary be allocated to the NCI even when such allocation might result in a deficit balance. This standard also requires changes to certain presentation and disclosure requirements. SFAS No. 160 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2009. The provisions of the standard are to be applied to all NCIs prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, which are to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the future impacts of and disclosures under this standard.
In December 2007, the FASB ratified the Emerging Issues Task Force consensus on EITF Issue No. 07-1, Accounting for Collaborative Arrangements that discusses how parties to a collaborative arrangement (which does not establish a legal entity within such arrangement) should account for various activities. The consensus indicates that costs incurred and revenues generated from transactions with third parties (i.e., parties outside of the collaborative arrangement) should be reported by the collaborators on the respective line items in their income statements pursuant to EITF Issue No. 99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal Versus Net as an Agent. Additionally, the consensus provides that income statement characterization of payments between the participants in a collaborative arrangement should be based upon existing authoritative pronouncements; analogy to such pronouncements if not within their scope; or a reasonable, rational, and consistently applied accounting policy election. EITF Issue No. 07-1 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2009 and is to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented for collaborative arrangements existing as of the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of and disclosures under this standard.
3. | Net Income per Common Share |
The following schedule summarizes the information used to compute earnings per Common Share:
Years ended December 31, | ||||||
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||
Weighted average number of Common Shares used to compute basic net income per Common Share |
196,804 | 168,457 | 149,504 | |||
Dilutive effect of stock options and restrictive stock units |
3,122 | 3,716 | 2,635 | |||
Dilutive effect of outstanding warrant shares |
4,333 | 3,786 | 1,378 | |||
Weighted average number of Common Shares used to compute diluted net income per Common Share |
204,259 | 175,959 | 153,517 | |||
Outstanding stock options and restrictive stock units having no dilutive effect, not included in above calculation |
2,149 | 2,207 | 3,309 | |||
Outstanding warrants having no dilutive effect, not included in above calculation |
22,430 | 23,166 | 22,071 | |||
4. | Acquisitions |
Significant 2008 Acquisitions
On July 1, 2008, the Company acquired an 82.5% interest in Corbett Life Science Pty. Ltd. (Corbett), a privately-held developer, manufacturer, and distributor of life sciences instrumentation headquartered in Sydney, Australia, with an option to acquire the minority interest. On October 1, 2008, the Company acquired all assets
F-19
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
related to the Biosystems Business from Biotage AB, a publicly listed developer, manufacturer and distributor of products for genetic analysis and medicinal chemistry headquartered in Uppsala, Sweden. This business division contains Pyrosequencing systems for genetic analysis, PyroMark products for methylation, sequence and mutation analysis and Pyro Gold reagents. Additionally, the transaction included the acquisition of Biotages 17.5% shareholding in Corbett.
The total Corbett transaction, including the 17.5% acquired via the Biosystems Business acquisition, is preliminarily valued at approximately $115.4 million, including $111.2 million in cash including transaction costs, net of cash acquired and 218,504 shares of QIAGEN restricted common shares, valued at approximately $4.2 million. Contingent consideration includes performance and development milestone payments and other contingencies of up to approximately $24.2 million payable through 2012. The Biosystems Business transaction, excluding the 17.5% Corbett shareholding, is preliminarily valued at approximately $31.0 million in cash including transaction costs. Contingent consideration includes performance milestone payments of up to $6.5 million through 2012, of which $500,000 was earned in 2008 and will be paid in 2009.
These acquisitions have been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, and the acquired companies results have been included in the accompanying statements of operations from the date of acquisition. The allocation of the purchase price is preliminary and is based upon information that was available to management at the time the financial statements were prepared. Accordingly, the allocation may change. The Company has gathered no information that indicates the final purchase price allocations will differ materially from the preliminary estimates other than for the final determination of the fair-value of acquired pre-acquisition contingencies and restructuring costs in connection with the acquisition of Corbett and the Biosystems Business, as well as the resulting deferred taxes.
The preliminary purchase allocations are as follows:
(in thousands) | Corbett Acquisition |
Biosystems Business Acquisition |
Total | |||||||||
Purchase Price: |
||||||||||||
Issuance of restricted shares |
$ | 4,234 | $ | | $ | 4,234 | ||||||
Cash, including transaction costs |
97,197 | 52,024 | 149,221 | |||||||||
Cash acquired |
(7,075 | ) | | (7,075 | ) | |||||||
Cash for 17.5% interest in Corbett |
21,071 | (21,071 | ) | | ||||||||
$ | 115,427 | $ | 30,953 | $ | 146,380 | |||||||
Preliminary Allocation: |
||||||||||||
Working capital |
$ | 8,192 | $ | 3,030 | $ | 11,222 | ||||||
Fixed and other long-term assets |
4,204 | 234 | 4,438 | |||||||||
Acquired intangible assets |
56,000 | 15,300 | 71,300 | |||||||||
Goodwill |
63,806 | 14,662 | 78,468 | |||||||||
Purchased in-process research and development expense |
1,000 | | 1,000 | |||||||||
Deferred tax liability on fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired |
(16,800 | ) | | (16,800 | ) | |||||||
Liabilities assumed |
(975 | ) | (2,273 | ) | (3,248 | ) | ||||||
$ | 115,427 | $ | 30,953 | $ | 146,380 | |||||||
In connection with the acquisition of Corbett, $25.1 million has been paid into an escrow account to cover preacquistion contingencies assumed in the acquisition, including any payments required under the resolution of
F-20
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
acquired litigation (see Note 16). The escrow amounts are recorded as an asset in prepaid and other expenses. Correspondingly, $25.1 million for preacquistion contingencies, including matters other than the ABI litigation, is recorded as a liability under accrued and other liabilities as of December 31, 2008.
The Companys acquisitions have historically been made at prices at or above the fair value of the acquired assets, resulting in goodwill, due to expectations of synergies of combining the businesses. These synergies include the use of the Companys existing infrastructure such as sales force, distribution channels and customer relations to expand sales of the acquired businesses products; use of the infrastructure of the acquired businesses to effectively expand sales of the Companys products; and elimination of duplicative facilities, functions and staffing.
Identifiable Intangible Assets
Identifiable intangible assets acquired in 2008 are as follows:
(in thousands) | Corbett Acquisition |
Biosystems Business Acquisition |
Total | ||||||
Product technology and know how |
$ | 35,000 | $ | 12,600 | $ | 47,600 | |||
Customer relationships |
17,400 | 1,800 | 19,200 | ||||||
Tradename |
3,600 | 900 | 4,500 | ||||||
$ | 56,000 | $ | 15,300 | $ | 71,300 | ||||
The weighted-average amortization period for all intangible assets acquired in 2008 is 10 years. The goodwill acquired in these acquisitions is not deductible for tax purposes.
Purchased In-process Research and Development
Purchased in-process research and development expense represents the value assigned to research and development projects, which were commenced but not yet completed at the date of acquisition, technological feasibility for these projects has not been established and they have no alternative future use in research and development activities or otherwise. In accordance with FASB SFAS No. 2, Accounting for Research and Development Costs, as interpreted by FASB Interpretation No. 4, Applicability of FASB Statement No. 2 to Business Combinations Accounted for by the Purchase Method, amounts assigned to purchased in-process research and development meeting these criteria must be charged to expense at the date of consummation of the purchase business combination. In 2008, a charge of approximately $1.0 million was recorded for purchased in-process research and development in connection with the Corbett acquisition, based on preliminary allocations of the purchase price. While the in-process research and development project was expected to represent new differentiating technology, the revenues forecasted for the project were a minor component of the overall projected revenues.
The estimated fair values of the projects were determined using the income approach, which discounts expected future cash flows to present value. The fair value of the purchased in-process research and development was estimated using a present value discount rate of 25%, which is based on the estimated return requirements for the projects and includes a premium over the Companys weighted average cost of capital due to the inherent uncertainties associated with the incomplete programs. The rate is consistent with Corbetts internal rates for similar research and development projects, and represents the rate market participants would use to value the purchased in-process research and development. The projected cash flows were estimated by
F-21
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
forecasting total revenues expected from these products and deducting appropriate operating expenses, cash flow adjustments and contributory asset returns to establish a forecast of the net return on the in-process technology. These net returns were reduced to take into account the time value of money and the risks associated with the inherent difficulties and uncertainties in achieving commercial readiness. While the assumptions used in valuing in-process research and development are reasonable, they are inherently uncertain.
Pro forma results
The following unaudited pro forma information assumes that the above acquisition occurred at the beginning of the periods presented. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, pro forma net sales would have been $929.6 million and $708.4 million, pro forma net income would have been $95.3 million and $57.7 million, and pro forma diluted net income per common share would have been $0.47 and $0.33, respectively. These unaudited pro forma results are intended for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred had the acquisitions been in effect at the beginning of the periods presented, or of future results of the combined operations.
Other 2008 Acquisitions
On February 11, 2008, the Company acquired a business unit from Diagnostic Technology Pty. Ltd., located in Belrose, Australia, which relates to the distribution of products in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Malaysia. The purchase price consisted of an upfront payment in the amount of Australian dollars (AUD) 0.9 million and a potential milestone payment amounting to a maximum of AUD 0.4 million, which will become due upon the accomplishment of certain revenue targets in the 12-month period following the acquisition.
On May 2, 2008, the Company established QIAGEN Mexico via the acquisition of certain assets of the Companys former life science distributor Quimica Valaner. In July 2008, the Company acquired the minority interest in its Brazilian sub, QIAGEN Brasil Biotecnologia Ltda., for $3.2 million in cash. The establishment of QIAGEN Mexico, as well as the acquisition of the minority interest in its Brazilian subsidiary, represents the Companys commitment to expanding its presence in Latin America. The Company does not consider these acquisitions to be material.
2007 Acquisitions
During 2007, the Company completed the acquisition of eGene, Inc. pursuant to which eGene, Inc. (eGene) became a wholly-owned subsidiary of QIAGEN North American Holdings, Inc. eGene is an early-stage company located in Irvine, California that has developed and is commercializing a patented sample separation and analysis technology based on capillary electrophoresis. Under the terms of the agreement, eGene shareholders received $0.65 in cash and 0.0416 Common Shares of QIAGEN stock per share of eGene common stock. The aggregate purchase consideration amounts to approximately $30.7 million, consisting of approximately $15.0 million in cash, including direct acquisition costs of approximately $.6 million and net of $.2 million cash acquired, and 887,304 QIAGEN Common Shares valued at $15.9 million.
Also in 2007, the Company acquired Digene Corporation (Digene) in a transaction consisting of 55% cash and 45% QIAGEN Common Shares combining the Companys leading portfolio of sample and assay technologies, including a broad panel of molecular diagnostic tests, with Digenes leadership in human Papillomavirus (HPV)-targeted molecular diagnostic testing, creating a global leader in molecular diagnostics outside blood screening and viral load monitoring. In July 2007, the Company successfully completed its exchange offer and, through a short-form merger under Delaware law, the Company acquired all other Digene shares. Following the completion of the merger, Digene became a wholly-owned subsidiary of QIAGENs subsidiary QIAGEN North American Holdings, Inc. and was subsequently renamed QIAGEN Gaithersburg, Inc.
F-22
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Net of $17.5 million in cash acquired, the aggregate purchase consideration amounted to approximately $1.5 billion and consisted of approximately $856.0 million in cash, including direct acquisition costs of approximately $19.5 million, 39.6 million QIAGEN Common Shares valued at $636.0 million and 5.0 million of exchanged equity awards valued at $33.2 million. The estimated fair value of Common Shares was determined using an average price of $16.05 per share, which was determined by averaging the closing price of our common stock from two trading days before to two trading days after the announcement date in accordance with EITF Issue No. 99-12, Determination of the Measurement Date for the Market Price of Acquirer Securities Issued in a Purchase Business Combination. The fair value of stock options assumed was calculated using a Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model with the following assumptions: expected life ranging from 0.73 to 1.46 years, risk-free interest rate ranging from 4.67% to 4.75%, expected volatility ranging from 26.5% to 26.9% and no dividend yield. The Companys acquisitions have historically been made at prices at or above the fair value of the acquired assets, resulting in goodwill, due to expectations of synergies of combining the businesses. These synergies include use of the Companys existing infrastructure such as sales force, distribution channels and customer relations to expand sales of the acquired businesses products; use of the infrastructure of the acquired businesses to cost effectively expand sales of Company products; and elimination of duplicative facilities, functions and staffing.
These acquisitions have been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, and the acquired companies results have been included in the accompanying statements of operations from their respective dates of acquisition.
Final Allocation of 2007 Acquisitions
The allocation of the purchase price and transaction costs for eGene and Digene as of December 31, 2008 is as follows:
(in thousands) | eGene Acquisition |
Digene Acquisition |
Total | |||||||||
Purchase Price: |
||||||||||||
Stock issued or to be issued |
$ | 15,912 | $ | 635,951 | $ | 651,863 | ||||||
Cash, including direct costs |
15,032 | 856,159 | 871,191 | |||||||||
Exchanged equity awards |
| 33,211 | 33,211 | |||||||||
Cash acquired |
(202 | ) | (17,534 | ) | (17,736 | ) | ||||||
$ | 30,742 | $ | 1,507,787 | $ | 1,538,529 | |||||||
Allocation: |
||||||||||||
Working capital |
$ | (2,757 | ) | $ | 198,777 | $ | 196,020 | |||||
Fixed and other long-term assets |
234 | 40,341 | 40,575 | |||||||||
Acquired intangible assets |
13,100 | 504,000 | 517,100 | |||||||||
Goodwill |
24,733 | 925,857 | 950,590 | |||||||||
Purchased in-process research and development expense |
900 | 25,000 | 25,900 | |||||||||
Deferred tax liability on fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired |
(4,734 | ) | (155,481 | ) | (160,215 | ) | ||||||
Liabilities assumed |
(734 | ) | (30,707 | ) | (31,441 | ) | ||||||
$ | 30,742 | $ | 1,507,787 | $ | 1,538,529 | |||||||
F-23
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Identifiable Intangible Assets
Identifiable intangible assets acquired in 2007 are as follows:
(in thousands) | eGene Acquisition |
Digene Acquisition |
Total | ||||||
Customer relationships |
$ | 700 | $ | 93,000 | $ | 93,700 | |||
Product technology and know how |
12,400 | 252,000 | 264,400 | ||||||
Patented technology |
| 138,000 | 138,000 | ||||||
Tradename |
| 21,000 | 21,000 | ||||||
$ | 13,100 | $ | 504,000 | $ | 517,100 | ||||
Restructuring of Acquired Businesses
The Company has undertaken restructuring activities related to the 2007 acquired businesses. These activities, which were accounted for in accordance with EITF Issue No. 95-3, Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination, have primarily included reductions in staffing levels and the abandonment of excess facilities. In connection with these restructuring activities, as part of the cost of acquisitions, the Company established reserves as detailed below. In accordance with EITF Issue No. 95-3, the Company finalizes its restructuring plans no later than one year from the respective dates of the acquisitions. Upon finalization of restructuring plans or settlement of obligations for less than the expected amount, any excess reserves are reversed with a corresponding decrease in goodwill. Accrued acquisition expenses are included in accrued and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. In connection with the 2008 acquisitions, the Company accrued $359,000 for lease and facility costs.
Changes in the acquisition accrual for the 2007 acquired businesses for the year ended December 31, 2008 are as follows:
(in thousands) | Relocation, severance and employee related |
Lease and facility | Other | Total | ||||||||||||
ACCRUAL BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2007 |
$ | 2,310 | $ | 1,561 | $ | 152 | $ | 4,023 | ||||||||
Amounts accrued |
1,324 | (84 | ) | 235 | 1,475 | |||||||||||
Amounts paid in cash or settled |
(2,267 | ) | (481 | ) | (286 | ) | (3,034 | ) | ||||||||
ACCRUAL BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2008 |
$ | 1,367 | $ | 996 | $ | 101 | $ | 2,464 | ||||||||
F-24
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
5. | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income requires that comprehensive income, which is the total of net income and all other non-owner changes in equity, be displayed in the financial statements. The components of the Companys comprehensive income or loss as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity include net income, unrealized gains and losses from foreign currency translation, forward contracts, pension liabilities and available-for-sale marketable securities. The following table is a summary of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income:
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Net unrealized gain on marketable securities |
$ | | $ | 780 | ||||
Net unrealized gain (loss) on hedging contracts, net of tax of $1.5 million and $512,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively |
(2,162 | ) | 1,225 | |||||
Net unrealized loss on pension, net of tax of $40,000 and $67,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively |
(92 | ) | (157 | ) | ||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
17,409 | 73,176 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
$ | 15,155 | $ | 75,024 | ||||
6. | Fair Value Measurements |
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS 157 for financial assets and liabilities, which requires the Company to define fair value, establish a framework for measuring fair value, and expand disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 clarifies the fair value measurement objective within U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and its application under the varying pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. SFAS 157 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1. Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2. Inputs, other than the quoted price in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
The Companys financial assets and liabilities subject to SFAS 157 consist of derivative contracts used to hedge currency risk on foreign denominated assets and liabilities, which are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. In determining fair value, both the counterparty credit risk and the Companys creditworthiness are considered. To determine the Companys credit risk we estimated the Companys credit rating by benchmarking the price of outstanding debt to publicly-available comparable data from rated companies. Using the estimated rating, the Companys credit risk was quantified by reference to publicly-traded debt with a corresponding rating.
Derivatives and Hedging
In the ordinary course of business, the Company uses derivative instruments, including swaps, forwards and/or options, to manage potential losses from foreign currency exposures and variable rate debt. The principal objective of such derivative instruments is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with global financial and operating activities. The Company does not utilize derivative or other financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. The Company accounts for its derivative instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities and related guidance which require that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet, measure those instruments at fair
F-25
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
value and recognize the change in fair value in earnings in the period of change, unless the derivative qualifies as an effective hedge that offsets certain exposures. The Company makes use of economic hedges, i.e. derivatives that do not have a formally designated hedging relationship as well as SFAS 133-qualifying accounting hedges. All derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting in accordance with Statement 133 are cash-flow hedges. In 2008, the Company did not record any hedge ineffectiveness in income (expense) and did not discontinue any cash-flow hedges. The Company does not expect to reclassify any amount currently included in accumulated other comprehensive income as unrealized gain or loss from derivative contracts into earnings.
As of December 31, the carrying amounts of, which are equal to the respective fair values, of derivative financial instruments were as follows:
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
Assets |
||||||
Derivatives without a hedging relationship |
$ | 344 | $ | | ||
Derivatives with a hedging relationship (hedge accounting) |
$ | | $ | 63 | ||
Liabilities |
||||||
Derivatives without a hedging relationship |
$ | 10,891 | $ | 1,500 | ||
Derivatives with a hedging relationship (hedge accounting) |
$ | 14,839 | $ | 5,888 |
Foreign Currency Derivatives
As a globally active enterprise, the Company is subject to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currencies in its ordinary operations. This includes foreign currency-denominated receivables, payables, debt, and other balance sheet positions. The Company manages balance sheet exposure on a group-wide basis primarily using foreign exchange forward contracts.
The Company has foreign currency forward contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $44.0 million, which have been entered into in connection with the notes payable to QIAGEN Finance (see Footnotes 10 and 14 for details) and which qualify for hedge accounting as cash flow hedges. The Company has determined that no ineffectiveness exists related to these derivatives. However, the differences between spot and forward rates were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and included in interest income as it effectively constitutes the delta in the interest rates of the respective currency pairs. The contracts mature in July 2011 and had fair market values at December 31, 2008 and 2007 of approximately $3.1 million and $5.1 million, respectively, which are included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
In addition, at year-end the Company was party to cross currency swaps which have been entered into in connection with the notes payable to Euro Finance (see Footnotes 10 and 14 for details) and which qualified as cash flow hedges with a notional amount of $60.0 million which mature in November 2012 and had a fair market value of $4.9 million at December 31, 2008 which is included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
The Company is party to various foreign exchange forward and swap arrangements which had, at December 31, 2008, an aggregate notional value of approximately $163.3 million and a fair value of $0.3 million and $10.9 million which is included in other assets and other liabilities respectively and which expire during January and March 2009. The transactions have been used to offset the effects from short-term balance sheet exposure to foreign exchange risk. Changes in their fair value have been recognized in other income, net.
In 2007, the Company had forward arrangements which qualified as cash flow hedges of foreign currency denominated liabilities. At December 31, 2007, the Company held a contract for Canadian dollars 5.0 million
F-26
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
which matured in February 2008 and had a fair market value of $788,000 at December 31, 2007 included in other liabilities. Additionally the Company held a contract for Japanese yen 160.0 million which matured in March 2008 and had a fair market value of $63,000 at December 31, 2007 which is included in prepaid and other assets at December 31, 2007.
Interest Rate Derivatives
The Company uses interest rate derivative contracts on certain borrowing transactions to hedge fluctuating interest rates. The Company has entered into interest rate swaps in which it agrees to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and floating interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional principal amount. During 2008, the Company entered into interest rate swaps which effectively fix the variable interest rates on $200.0 million of the Companys variable rate debt, which qualify for hedge accounting as cash flow hedges. The Company has determined that no ineffectiveness exists related to these swaps. The swaps mature in October 2010 and 2011, and as of December 31, 2008, had an aggregate fair value of $6.8 million recorded in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
7. | Marketable Securities |
At December 31, 2008, the Company had no investments in marketable securities. At December 31, 2007, the Company held 289,096 shares in Coley Pharmaceutical Group (CPG) with a fair market value of $2.3 million and a cost of $1.4 million. In December 2007, CPG was acquired in a tender offer and as a result the Company tendered its shares in exchange for $8 per share. Upon the exchange in January 2008, the Company received $2.3 million in cash and recognized a gain of approximately $780,000.
For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities totaled $2.3 million, $299.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively. There were no realized gains or losses during 2007 and 2006.
8. | Prepaid Expenses and Other |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets are summarized as follows as of December 31, 2008 and 2007:
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
Prepaid expenses |
$ | 19,418 | $ | 18,555 | ||
Escrow in connection with Corbett Acquisition |
25,139 | | ||||
Value Added Tax |
10,427 | 4,980 | ||||
Other receivables |
6,440 | 10,158 | ||||
$ | 61,424 | $ | 33,693 | |||
F-27
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
9. | Property, Plant and Equipment |
Property, plant and equipment, including equipment acquired under capital lease obligations, are summarized as follows as of December 31, 2008 and 2007:
(in thousands) | Estimated useful life (in years) |
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Land |
| $ | 13,357 | $ | 13,793 | |||||
Buildings and improvements |
1-40 | 225,284 | 225,804 | |||||||
Machinery and equipment |
2-10 | 131,118 | 111,930 | |||||||
Computer software |
1-5 | 44,268 | 37,724 | |||||||
Furniture and office equipment |
2-10 | 58,783 | 52,877 | |||||||
Construction in progress |
| 10,932 | 7,842 | |||||||
483,742 | 449,970 | |||||||||
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(194,070 | ) | (166,479 | ) | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net |
$ | 289,672 | $ | 283,491 | ||||||
Amortization of assets acquired under capital lease obligations is included within accumulated depreciation and amortization above for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 depreciation and amortization expense totaled $36.2 million, $26.1 million and $19.7 million, respectively. Repairs and maintenance expense was $9.7 million, $7.4 million and $4.5 million in fiscal years 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
10. | Investments |
The Company has made strategic investments in certain companies that are accounted for using the equity or cost method of accounting. The method of accounting for an investment depends on the extent of the Companys control. The Company monitors changes in circumstances that may require a reassessment of the level of control. The Company periodically reviews the carrying value of these investments for impairment, considering factors such as the most recent stock transactions and book values from the recent financial statements. The fair value of cost-method investments is estimated when there are identified events or changes in circumstances that may have an impact on the fair value of the investment.
A summary of these investments, which are included in other assets, as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, is as follows:
Company (in thousands) |
Ownership Percentage |
Equity Investments As of December 31, |
Share of income (loss) For the years ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||
PreAnalytiX GmbH |
50.00 | % | $ | 7,008 | $ | 4,555 | $ | 1,459 | $ | 1,318 | $ | 1,009 | |||||||||
QBM Cell Science |
19.50 | % | $ | 443 | $ | 504 | $ | (61 | ) | $ | (42 | ) | $ | (28 | ) | ||||||
QIAGEN Finance |
100.00 | % | $ | 703 | $ | 277 | $ | 426 | $ | 86 | $ | 66 | |||||||||
QIAGEN Euro Finance |
100.00 | % | $ | 733 | $ | 476 | $ | 257 | $ | 250 | $ | 204 | |||||||||
Dx Assays Pte Ltd |
33.30 | % | $ | 316 | $ | 747 | $ | (408 | ) | $ | | $ | |
During 2008, the Company invested $4.2 million for a 5% interest in a privately-held company. This investment is accounted for under the cost method of accounting.
F-28
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
At December 31, 2007, the Company had a $4.0 million investment in a privately-held company accounted for under the cost method of accounting. During 2008, in connection with the acquisition of Corbett, the Company recorded a $4.0 million impairment of this investment based on the Companys assessment of the recoverability of the investment amount. Following the acquisition of Corbett, management anticipated a change in the Companys purchasing pattern of the investees products, which is expected to negatively impact the forecasted financial condition of the investee. Accordingly, the Company believes the known impact to the investees financial condition, absent other evidence indicating a realizable value of the investment, indicates that the Companys investment is worthless and that recoverability of the asset through future cash flows is not considered likely enough to support the current carrying value. The Company has no contractual obligation to provide any additional investment or other financing beyond its present investment in the investee. The impairment is included in other income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
At December 31, 2008, the Company had a loan receivable of $1.4 million included in other long-term assets, due from Dx Assays, which bears interest at 15% and is due in March 2013. As of December 31, 2008, total assets of Dx Assays totaled $4.9 million and shareholders equity amounted to $189,000. In 2008, Dx Assays recorded revenues of $121,000 and a net loss of $1.7 million.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, total assets of QBM Cell Science totaled $233,000, and $383,000, respectively, and shareholders equity amounted to $191,000 and $317,000, respectively. In 2008, QBM Cell Science recorded revenues of $348,000 and a net loss of $280,000. In 2007, revenues of $303,000 and a net loss of $396,000 were recorded.
The Company has a 50% interest in a joint venture company, PreAnalytiX GmbH, for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary within the provisions of FASB revised Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. Thus, the investment is accounted for under the equity method. PreAnalytiX was formed to develop, manufacture and market integrated systems for the collection, stabilization and purification of nucleic acids for molecular diagnostic testing. At present, the Companys maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with PreAnalytiX is limited to the Companys share of losses from the equity method investment itself. Total assets of PreAnalytiX amounted to $16.4 million and $12.3 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The shareholders equity for PreAnalytiX amounted to $15.9 million as of December 31, 2008 and $11.0 million as of December 31, 2007. PreAnalytiX revenues totaled $10.2 million and $7.8 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively. PreAnalytiX net income was $3.9 million and $3.3 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The Company has a 100% interest in QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (QIAGEN Finance) and QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (Euro Finance), companies established for the purpose of issuing convertible debt in 2004 and 2006, respectively. In August 2004, the Company issued $150.0 million of 1.5% Senior Convertible Notes (2004 Notes) due in 2024 through QIAGEN Finance. In May 2006, the Company completed the offering of $300.0 million of 3.25% Senior Convertible Notes (2006 Notes) due in 2026 through Euro Finance. The proceeds of the 2004 and 2006 Notes were loaned to subsidiaries within the consolidated QIAGEN N.V. group. QIAGEN N.V. has guaranteed all of these Notes, and has agreements with each of QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance to issue common shares to the investors in the event of conversion of any of the Notes. According to the provisions of FIN 46R, QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance are variable interest entities. The Company is not the primary beneficiary, therefore neither is consolidated. Accordingly, the 2004 and 2006 convertible debt is not included in the consolidated statements of QIAGEN N.V., though QIAGEN N.V. does report the full obligation of the debt through its liabilities to QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance. QIAGEN N.V. accounts for its investments in QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance as equity investments pursuant to Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 18, and accordingly records 100% of the profit or loss of
F-29
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance in the gain or loss from equity method investees. At present, the Companys maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance is limited to the Companys share of losses from the equity method investments.
11. | Intangible Assets |
The following sets forth the acquired intangible assets by major asset class as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007:
(in thousands) | Weighted Average Life |
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
|||||||||||||
Amortized Intangible Assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Patent and license rights |
11 years | $ | 233,083 | $ | (43,399 | ) | $ | 216,871 | $ | (24,557 | ) | |||||
Developed technology |
10 years | 379,763 | (65,456 | ) | 345,213 | (30,412 | ) | |||||||||
Customer base, Trademarks and non-compete agreements |
11 years | 160,033 | (23,715 | ) | 142,152 | (10,160 | ) | |||||||||
$ | 772,879 | $ | (132,570 | ) | $ | 704,236 | $ | (65,129 | ) | |||||||
Unamortized Intangible Assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Goodwill |
$ | 1,152,105 | $ | 1,107,882 | ||||||||||||
Amortization expense on intangible assets totaled approximately $69.4 million, $36.4 million and $10.3 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006. In connection with the acquisitions as more fully discussed in Note 4, approximately $1.0 million and $25.9 million of purchase price was allocated to purchased in-process research and development and expensed during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Amortization of intangibles for the next five years is expected to be approximately:
Amortization | |||
Years ended December 31: |
|||
2009 |
$ | 70,849 | |
2010 |
$ | 70,327 | |
2011 |
$ | 69,047 | |
2012 |
$ | 64,575 | |
2013 |
$ | 62,173 |
F-30
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment, for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, are as follows:
(in thousands) | Germany | Americas | Asia | Switzerland | Other Countries |
Total | |||||||||||||||||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2006 |
$ | 55,504 | $ | 61,959 | $ | 13,689 | $ | | $ | 28,989 | $ | 160,141 | |||||||||||
Goodwill acquired during the year |
| 950,036 | | | | 950,036 | |||||||||||||||||
Intersegment goodwill transfer |
802 | (802 | ) | | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Earn-out and milestone payments |
| 3,000 | | | 875 | 3,875 | |||||||||||||||||
Purchase adjustments |
(1,748 | ) | (17,053 | ) | 193 | | | (18,608 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Effect of foreign currency translation |
5,930 | 1,199 | 962 | | 4,347 | 12,438 | |||||||||||||||||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2007 |
$ | 60,488 | $ | 998,339 | $ | 14,844 | $ | | $ | 34,211 | $ | 1,107,882 | |||||||||||
Goodwill acquired during the year |
4,017 | 1,422 | | 10,645 | 63,858 | 79,942 | |||||||||||||||||
Intersegment goodwill transfer |
6,067 | (37,779 | ) | | (2,507 | ) | 34,219 | | |||||||||||||||
Earn-out and milestone payments |
363 | | | 137 | 904 | 1,404 | |||||||||||||||||
Purchase adjustments |
| (5,745 | ) | | (97 | ) | (1,409 | ) | (7,251 | ) | |||||||||||||
Effect of foreign currency translation |
(3,220 | ) | (2,019 | ) | 850 | 1,596 | (27,079 | ) | (29,872 | ) | |||||||||||||
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2008 |
$ | 67,715 | $ | 954,218 | $ | 15,694 | $ | 9,774 | $ | 104,704 | $ | 1,152,105 | |||||||||||
Purchase adjustments primarily reflect adjustments to the acquired tax assets and liabilities along with final settlements of escrow accounts. During 2008, goodwill acquired in connection with the Digene acquisition in 2007 was allocated to the respective operating subsidiaries.
12. | Income Taxes |
Income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 consisted of:
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||
Pretax income in The Netherlands |
$ | 53,032 | $ | 38,396 | $ | 16,131 | |||
Pretax income from foreign operations |
66,254 | 37,330 | 89,937 | ||||||
$ | 119,286 | $ | 75,726 | $ | 106,068 | ||||
The provisions for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
CurrentThe Netherlands |
$ | 8,999 | $ | 3,590 | $ | 386 | ||||
Foreign |
23,326 | 18,880 | 21,143 | |||||||
32,325 | 22,470 | 21,529 | ||||||||
DeferredThe Netherlands |
| 1,257 | 376 | |||||||
Foreign |
(2,563 | ) | 1,828 | 13,624 | ||||||
(2,563 | ) | 3,085 | 14,000 | |||||||
Total provision for income taxes |
$ | 29,762 | $ | 25,555 | $ | 35,529 | ||||
F-31
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The Netherlands statutory income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was 25.5%, 25.5% and 29.6%, respectively. The principal items comprising the differences between income taxes computed at The Netherlands statutory rate and the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | |||||||||||||||
Income taxes at The Netherlands statutory rate |
$ | 30,418 | 25.5 | % | $ | 19,310 | 25.5 | % | $ | 31,396 | 29.6 | % | |||||||||
Earnings of subsidiaries taxed at different rates |
1,432 | 1.2 | 4,894 | 6.5 | 5,011 | 4.7 | |||||||||||||||
Tax impact from permanent items |
(3,064 | ) | (2.6 | ) | (3,825 | ) | (5.1 | ) | (1,944 | ) | (1.8 | ) | |||||||||
Purchased in-process research & development |
300 | 0.3 | 9,803 | 12.9 | 825 | 0.8 | |||||||||||||||
Tax contingencies, net |
(1,665 | ) | (1.4 | ) | (3,806 | ) | (5.0 | ) | 51 | | |||||||||||
Taxes due to changes in tax rates |
2,429 | 2.0 | (1,123 | ) | (1.5 | ) | 199 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||
Other items, net |
(88 | ) | (0.1 | ) | 302 | 0.4 | (9 | ) | | ||||||||||||
Total provision for income taxes |
$ | 29,762 | 24.9 | % | $ | 25,555 | 33.7 | % | $ | 35,529 | 33.5 | % | |||||||||
Certain countries benefit from tax holidays which represent a tax exemption period aimed to attract foreign investment in certain tax jurisdictions. These agreements include programs that reduce up to 100% of taxes in years covered by the agreements. The Companys tax holidays expire at various dates through 2011.
The Company conducts business globally and, as a result, files numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in The Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland and the U.S. federal jurisdiction, as well as in various other state and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. The Companys tax years since 2001 are open for income tax examinations by tax authorities. Its subsidiaries with few exceptions are no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2004.
On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income tax positions. This interpretation requires the Company to recognize in the consolidated financial statements those tax positions determined to be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Upon adoption, the Company derecognized $6.1 million tax benefits for positions previously recognized through a debit to retained earnings. After considering the impact of adopting FIN 48, the Company had an approximate $12.6 million reserve for uncertain tax positions as of January 1, 2007. The reserve for uncertain income tax positions is included in taxes payable in the consolidated balance sheet.
The Company does not currently anticipate that its existing reserves related to uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2008 will significantly increase or decrease during the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2009; however, various events could cause the Companys current expectations to change in the future. The majority of these uncertain tax positions, if ever recognized in the financial statements, would be recorded in the statement of operations as part of the income tax provision.
F-32
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Changes in the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are as follows:
(in thousands) | Unrecognized Tax Benefits |
|||
Balance at January 1, 2007 |
$ | 12,567 | ||
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |
728 | |||
Additions for tax positions of prior years |
4,724 | |||
Reductions for tax positions of prior years |
(307 | ) | ||
Settlements with taxing authorities |
(1,080 | ) | ||
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations |
(8,271 | ) | ||
Increase due to acquisitions |
1,250 | |||
Increase from currency translation |
883 | |||
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
$ | 10,494 | ||
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |
897 | |||
Additions for tax positions of prior years |
1,590 | |||
Settlements with taxing authorities |
(1,547 | ) | ||
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations |
(2,605 | ) | ||
Increase from currency translation |
(520 | ) | ||
Balance at December 31, 2008 |
$ | 8,309 | ||
At December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Companys net unrecognized tax benefits totaled approximately $7.7 million and $9.1 million, respectively, of which $7.7 million in benefits, if recognized, would favorably affect the Companys effective tax rate in any future period. It is possible that approximately $1.2 million of the unrecognized tax benefits may be released during the next 12 months due to lapse of statute of limitations or settlements with tax authorities.
The Companys policy is to recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties within tax provision expense. At December 31, 2008, the Company has $315,000 of accrued interest included in accrued and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. During 2008, the amount of accrued interest decreased by $537,000 with approximately $767,000 of interest income and $242,000 of interest expense recognized during 2008. The Company has recorded net deferred tax liabilities of $119.2 million and $134.9 million at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively which are reflected on the Companys consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2008 and 2007 as follows:
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Current deferred tax asset |
$ | 27,374 | $ | 23,732 | ||||
Current deferred tax liabilities |
(7,754 | ) | (4,903 | ) | ||||
Non-current deferred tax asset |
73,766 | 72,128 | ||||||
Non-current deferred tax liabilities |
(212,589 | ) | (225,893 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax liabilities |
$ | (119,203 | ) | $ | (134,936 | ) | ||
F-33
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The components of the net deferred tax liability at December 31, 2008 and 2007 are as follows:
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | Deferred Tax Assets |
Deferred Tax Liability |
Deferred Tax Assets |
Deferred Tax Liability |
||||||||||||
Net operating loss carry forwards |
$ | 62,156 | $ | | $ | 59,389 | $ | | ||||||||
Accrued and other liabilities |
23,973 | (231 | ) | 17,375 | (418 | ) | ||||||||||
Inventories |
7,333 | (1,886 | ) | 7,434 | (817 | ) | ||||||||||
Allowance for bad debts |
1,404 | (56 | ) | 795 | (15 | ) | ||||||||||
Currency Revaluation |
(10,060 | ) | 531 | (2,384 | ) | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
1,603 | (4,513 | ) | 2,576 | (7,778 | ) | ||||||||||
Tax credits and state income taxes |
6,266 | 4,396 | (994 | ) | ||||||||||||
Unremitted profits and earnings |
| (1,055 | ) | |||||||||||||
Capital leases |
659 | (620 | ) | 674 | (378 | ) | ||||||||||
Intangibles |
787 | (191,754 | ) | 1,917 | (204,189 | ) | ||||||||||
Equity Awards |
2,418 | | ||||||||||||||
Other |
6,511 | (3,483 | ) | 1,348 | (1,356 | ) | ||||||||||
Valuation allowance |
(17,292 | ) | (14,405 | ) | | |||||||||||
$ | 93,400 | $ | (212,603 | ) | $ | 84,448 | $ | (219,384 | ) | |||||||
Net deferred tax liabilities |
$ | (119,203 | ) | $ | (134,936 | ) | ||||||||||
At December 31, 2008, the Company had $ 126.9 million and $140.1 million of U.S. federal and state net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards, respectively. These amounts include $9.4 million related to deductions for equity awards. These NOLs have, for the most part, been acquired in recent acquisitions and a portion of these NOLs are subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had other foreign carryforwards totaling approximately $36.4 million and $39.6 million, respectively. These NOLs were primarily generated from acquisitions and operating losses from the Companys subsidiaries. A portion of these NOLs, approximately $ 23.6 million at December 31, 2008, expire in various years through 2021. The balance does not expire.
Deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, relating primarily to net operating loss carryforwards have been reduced by a valuation allowance of approximately $13.4 million and $14.4 million, respectively, to a net amount that management believes is more likely than not to be realized. During 2008, the valuation allowance related to prior year deferred tax assets decreased by approximately $1.0 million. The decrease in the valuation allowance for 2008 is related to acquired NOLs and therefore offsets against goodwill. The remaining valuation allowances, if reversed, would favorably impact income from operations as part of the tax provision in accordance with FAS 141R.
The Company has undistributed earnings in foreign subsidiaries. Upon repatriation of those earnings, in the form of dividends or otherwise, in some jurisdictions the Company would be subject to withholding taxes payable to the foreign countries or the receipts would be subject to tax. For those subsidiaries where the earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested, no provision for taxes has been provided. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had deferred income tax liabilities of approximately $614,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, for taxes that would be payable on the unremitted earnings of certain of the Companys subsidiaries. It is not practicable to determine the amount of income tax payable in the event the Company repatriated all undistributed foreign earnings.
There are no income tax consequences for the Company regarding payment of dividends to the shareholders of the Company. To date, the Company has never paid dividends.
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QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
13. | Accrued and Other Liabilities |
Accrued and other liabilities at December 31, 2008 and 2007 consist of the following:
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
Payroll and related accruals |
$ | 32,271 | $ | 29,086 | ||
Accrued expenses |
45,341 | 30,787 | ||||
Swaps and forwards |
22,652 | 2,303 | ||||
Royalties |
16,610 | 15,720 | ||||
Deferred revenue |
12,049 | 8,934 | ||||
Accrued interest on long-term debt |
6,430 | 6,560 | ||||
Acquisition and related costs |
3,021 | 4,093 | ||||
Preacquistion contingencies assumed in acquisition |
25,139 | | ||||
Accrued change in control payments related to acquisition |
| 6,741 | ||||
Total accrued liabilities |
$ | 163,513 | $ | 104,224 | ||
14. | Lines of Credit and Debt |
The Company has eight separate lines of credit amounting to $165.3 million with variable interest rates, $110,000 of which was utilized at December 31, 2008. There were insignificant short-term borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
At December 31, 2008, total debt was approximately $945.0 million, $25.0 million of which is current. Total debt consists of the following:
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
$500.0 million note payable at LIBOR plus a variable margin ranging from 0.4% to 0.775%, or 1.01% and 5.545% at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, due on July 12, 2012, with payments beginning in 2009 |
$ | 500,000 | $ | 500,000 | ||
Notes payable to QIAGEN Euro Finance bearing interest at an effective rate of 4.2% due in November 2012 |
300,000 | 300,000 | ||||
Notes payable to QIAGEN Finance bearing interest at an effective rate of 1.95% due in July 2011 |
145,000 | 150,000 | ||||
Total long-term debt |
945,000 | 950,000 | ||||
Less current portion |
25,000 | | ||||
Long-term portion |
$ | 920,000 | $ | 950,000 | ||
During 2007, the Company repaid debt of EUR 5.0 million, which was originally due in June 2008, and a note payable of EUR 30.0 million, which was due in annual installments through June 2011.
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QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Future principal maturities of long-term debt as of December 31, 2008 are as follows:
Year ending December 31, |
(in thousands) | ||
2009 |
$ | 25,000 | |
2010 |
50,000 | ||
2011 |
220,000 | ||
2012 |
650,000 | ||
$ | 945,000 | ||
Interest expense on long-term debt was $33.7 million, $29.7 million and $10.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
During 2007, the Company signed a Syndicated Multi-Currency Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement with Deutsche Bank AG, Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A., and the lenders named in the agreement. The lenders made available to the Company an aggregate amount of $750 million in the form of (1) a $500 million term loan, (2) a $100 million bridge loan, and (3) a $150 million revolving credit facility. Under the agreement, the $500 million term loan will mature in July 2012 with an amortization schedule commencing July 2009. The $100 million bridge loan was utilized and repaid within the third quarter of 2007. The $150 million revolving credit facility will expire in July 2012. The proceeds of the debt were loaned to a subsidiary of QIAGEN N.V., and QIAGEN N.V. has guaranteed the debt. The loan agreements contain certain financial and non-financial covenants, including but not limited to, restrictions on the encumbrance of land, restrictions on the transfer of any patents to third parties and the maintenance of certain financial ratios. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2008.
In May 2006, the Company completed the offering of the 2006 Notes due in 2026 through a new unconsolidated subsidiary, Euro Finance. The net proceeds of the 2006 Notes were loaned by Euro Finance to consolidated subsidiaries of the Company. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, $300.0 million is included in long-term debt for the amount of 2006 Note proceeds payable to Euro Finance. These long-term notes payable to Euro Finance have an effective fixed interest rate of 4.2% and are due in November 2012. Interest on the 2006 Notes is payable semi-annually in May and November. The 2006 Notes were issued at 100% of principal value, and are convertible into 15.0 million common shares at the option of the holders upon the occurrence of certain events, at a price of $20.00 per share, subject to adjustment. QIAGEN N.V. has an agreement with Euro Finance to issue shares to the investors in the event of conversion. This subscription right, along with the related receivable, is recorded at fair value in the equity of QIAGEN N.V. as paid-in capital. The 2006 Notes cannot be called for the first 7 years and are callable thereafter subject to a provisional call trigger of 130% of the conversion price. In addition, the holders of the 2006 Notes may require QIAGEN to repurchase all or a portion of the outstanding Notes for 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, on May 16, 2013, 2017 and 2022. Based on an estimation using available over-the-counter market information on the convertible bond issued by QIAGEN Euro Finance, the fair value of the Notes at December 31, 2008 was approximately $276.1 million. The Company has reserved 15.0 million shares of common stock for issuance in the event of conversion.
In August 2004, the Company completed the sale of the 2004 Notes, through its unconsolidated subsidiary QIAGEN Finance. The net proceeds of the 2004 Notes were loaned by QIAGEN Finance to consolidated subsidiaries in the U.S. and Switzerland. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, $145.0 million and $150.0 million, respectively, is included in long-term debt for the amount of 2004 Note proceeds payable to QIAGEN Finance. In November 2008, $5.0 million was repaid in connection with the conversion of a portion of the 2004 Notes issued by QIAGEN Finance. These long-term notes payable to QIAGEN Finance have an effective fixed interest
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QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
rate of 1.95% and are due in July 2011. Interest on the 2004 Notes is payable semi-annually in February and August. The 2004 Notes were issued at 100% of principal value, and are convertible into 11.5 million common shares at the option of the holders upon the occurrence of certain events at a price of $12.6449 per share, subject to adjustment. QIAGEN N.V. has an agreement with QIAGEN Finance to issue shares to the investors in the event of conversion. This subscription right, along with the related receivable, is recorded at fair value in the equity of QIAGEN N.V. as paid-in capital. In November 2008, the Company issued 395,417 common shares upon the exercise of a portion of the subscription rights in connection the conversion of $5.0 million of the 2004 Notes. The 2004 Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at QIAGENs option on or after August 18, 2011, at 100% of the principal amount, provided that the actual trading price of the Companys common stock exceeds 120% of the conversion price for twenty consecutive trading days. In addition, the holders of the 2004 Notes may require QIAGEN to repurchase all or a portion of the outstanding 2004 Notes for 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, on August 18, 2011, 2014 and 2019. Based on an estimation using available over-the-counter market information on the convertible bond issued by QIAGEN Finance, the fair value of the Notes at December 31, 2008 was approximately $206.4 million. The Company has reserved 11.5 million shares of common stock for issuance in the event of conversion.
15. | Share-Based Compensation |
The Company adopted the QIAGEN N.V. Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Plan (the Plan) in 2005. The Plan allows for the granting of stock rights and incentive stock options, as well as non-qualified options, stock grants and stock-based awards, generally with terms of up to 10 years, subject to earlier termination in certain situations. Generally, options vest over a three-year period. The vesting and exercisability of certain stock rights will be accelerated in the event of a Change of Control, as defined in the Plan. To date all option grants have been at the market value on the grant date or at a premium above the closing market price on the grant date. The Company issues new shares of its common stock to satisfy option exercises and had approximately 17.1 million shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance under this plan at December 31, 2008.
In connection with the acquisition of Digene Corporation during the third quarter of 2007, the Company assumed three additional equity incentive plans. No new grants will be made from these plans. The Company had approximately 0.8 million shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance under these plans at December 31, 2008.
Stock Options
During the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company granted 432,725 and 379,598 stock options, respectively. Following are the weighted-average assumptions used in valuing the stock options granted to employees for the years ended December 31:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Stock price volatility |
38 | % | 38 | % | 43 | % | |||
Risk-free interest rate |
2.91 | % | 4.27 | % | 4.74 | % | |||
Expected life (in years) |
5.27 | 5.47 | 6.00 | ||||||
Dividend rate |
0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | |||
Forfeiture rate |
8.5 | % | 5 | % | 9 | % |
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QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
A summary of the status of the Companys employee stock options as of December 31, 2008 and changes during the year then ended is presented below:
All Employee Options |
Number of Shares |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Weighted Average Contractual Term |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2008 |
11,362,641 | $ | 13.633 | ||||||||
Granted |
432,725 | $ | 20.339 | ||||||||
Exercised |
(1,340,914 | ) | $ | 9.923 | |||||||
Forfeited and cancelled |
(179,456 | ) | $ | 21.116 | |||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2008 |
10,274,996 | $ | 14.261 | 4.53 | $ | 52,206,322 | |||||
Exercisable at December 31, 2008 |
9,599,027 | $ | 13.914 | 4.23 | $ | 51,898,358 | |||||
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2008 |
10,219,845 | $ | 14.239 | 4.51 | $ | 52,178,386 | |||||
Generally, stock option grants are valued as a single award with a single average expected term and are amortized over the vesting period. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $7.80, $6.97 and $7.52, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $14.9 million and $42.0 million, respectively. At December 31, 2008, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to employee stock option awards is approximately $3.1 million and will be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.75 years.
At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, options were exercisable with respect to 9.6 million, 10.9 million and 11.5 million Common Shares at a weighted average price of $13.91, $13.49 and $13.40 per share, respectively. The options outstanding at December 31, 2008 expire in various years through 2018.
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units represent rights to receive Common Shares at a future date. There is no exercise price and the fair market value at the time of the grant is recognized ratably over the requisite vesting period, generally 10-years. The fair market value is determined based on the number of restricted stock units granted and the market value of the Companys shares on the grant date. Pre-vesting forfeitures were estimated to be approximately 6.0%. At December 31, 2008, there was $23.2 million remaining in unrecognized compensation cost related to these awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.19 years. The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the year ended December 31, 2008 was $21.06. The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $10.3 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
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QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
A summary of the Companys restricted stock units as of December 31, 2008 and changes during the year are presented below:
Restricted Stock Units |
Restricted Stock Units |
Weighted Average Contractual Term |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2008 |
1,585,558 | |||||||
Granted |
804,566 | |||||||
Vested |
(388,342 | ) | ||||||
Forfeited and cancelled |
(93,621 | ) | ||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2008 |
1,908,161 | 3.19 | $ | 33,507,306 | ||||
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2008 |
1,636,766 | 3.01 | $ | 28,741,614 | ||||
Compensation Expense
Share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 totaled approximately $9.8 million and $9.0, respectively as shown in the table below. For the year ended December 31, 2006, share-based compensation expense totaled approximately $326,000 with a recognized tax benefit of $112,000. No share-based compensation cost was capitalized in inventory in 2008, 2007 or 2006 as the amounts were not material. The actual tax benefit realized for the tax deductions of the share-based payment arrangements totaled $1.8 million, $9.9 million and $7.4 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
Compensation Expense (in thousands) |
2008 | 2007 | ||||
Cost of sales |
$ | 968 | $ | 362 | ||
Research and development |
1,818 | 1,267 | ||||
Sales and marketing |
2,999 | 1,758 | ||||
General and administrative |
3,620 | 2,432 | ||||
Acquisition and integration related |
386 | 3,163 | ||||
Share-based compensation expense before taxes |
9,791 | 8,982 | ||||
Income tax benefit |
3,025 | 3,252 | ||||
Net share-based compensation expense |
$ | 6,766 | $ | 5,730 | ||
16. | Commitments and Contingencies |
Lease Commitments
The Company leases facilities and equipment under operating lease arrangements expiring in various years through 2016. Certain rental commitments provide for escalating rental payments or have renewal options extending through various years. Certain facility and equipment leases constitute capital leases expiring in various years through 2018. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the assets and liabilities arising from these capital lease obligations. Rent expense under operating lease agreements was $11.2 million, $9.8 million and $9.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
F-39
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Minimum future obligations under capital and operating leases at December 31, 2008 are as follows:
Capital Leases |
Operating Leases | ||||||
2009 |
$ | 4,971 | $ | 8,399 | |||
2010 |
4,964 | 6,660 | |||||
2011 |
5,000 | 4,301 | |||||
2012 |
4,989 | 2,025 | |||||
2013 |
5,055 | 554 | |||||
Thereafter |
17,384 | 49 | |||||
42,363 | $ | 21,988 | |||||
Less: Amount representing interest |
(9,661 | ) | |||||
32,702 | |||||||
Less: Current portion |
(2,984 | ) | |||||
Long-term portion |
$ | 29,718 | |||||
Licensing and Purchase Commitments
The Company has licensing agreements with companies, universities and individuals, some of which require certain up-front payments. Royalty payments are required on net product sales ranging from one to 25 percent of covered products or based on quantities sold. Several of these agreements have minimum royalty requirements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include accrued royalties relating to these agreements in the amount of $16.6 million and $15.7 million at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Royalty expense relating to these agreements amounted to $34.0 million, $37.1 million and $24.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Royalty expense is primarily recorded in cost of sales, with a small portion recorded as research and development expense depending on the use of the technology under license. Some of these agreements also have minimum raw material purchase requirements and requirements to perform specific types of research.
At December 31, 2008, the Company had commitments to purchase goods or services, and for future minimum guaranteed royalties. They are as follows:
Purchase Commitments |
Royalty Commitments | |||||
2009 |
$ | 25,617 | $ | 4,670 | ||
2010 |
5,968 | 1,212 | ||||
2011 |
189 | 742 | ||||
2012 |
181 | 642 | ||||
2013 |
181 | 670 | ||||
Thereafter |
1,155 | 816 | ||||
$ | 33,291 | $ | 8,752 | |||
Contingent Consideration Commitments
Pursuant to the purchase agreements for certain acquisitions, as discussed more fully in Note 4, the Company could be required to make additional contingent cash payments totaling up to $42.0 million based on
F-40
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
the achievement of certain revenue and operating results milestones as follows: $7.9 million in 2009, $15.9 million in 2010, $3.2 million in 2011, $3.5 million in 2012 and $11.5 million payable in any 12 month period from now until 2012 if certain criteria are met.
Employment Agreements
Certain of our employment contracts contain provisions which guarantee the payments of certain amounts in the event of a change in control, as defined in the agreements, or if the executive is terminated for reasons other than cause, as defined in the agreements. At December 31, 2008, the total commitment under these agreements totaled $17.8 million.
Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, the Company warrants to customers that its products are free of defect and will conform to published specifications. Generally, the applicable product warranty period is one year from the date of delivery of the product to the customer or of site acceptance, if required. Additionally, the Company typically provides limited warranties with respect to its services. From time to time, the Company also makes other warranties to customers, including warranties that its products are manufactured in accordance with applicable laws and not in violation of third-party rights. The Company provides for estimated warranty costs at the time of the product sale. The Company believes its warranty reserves as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 appropriately reflect the estimated cost of such warranty obligations.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company may be party to legal proceedings incidental to its business. As of December 31, 2008, certain claims, suits or legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business have been filed or were pending against the Company or its subsidiaries. These matters have arisen in the ordinary course and conduct of the Companys business, as well as through acquisition.
As a result of the third quarter 2007 acquisition of Digene Corporation and the third quarter 2008 acquisition of Corbett, the Company has been involved in various claims and legal proceedings. Although it is not possible to predict the outcome of such litigation, based on the facts known to the Company and after consultation with legal counsel, management believes that such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial position or results of operations.
Digene Corporation v. Third Wave Technologies, Inc.
On January 11, 2007, Digene filed a patent infringement action against Third Wave Technologies, Inc. (Third Wave) in the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin. In this action, Digene alleges that Third Wave is infringing one or more claims of United States Patent No. 5,643,715 (the 715 patent), of which Digene is the exclusive licensee. On February 28, 2007, Third Wave filed an answer to Digenes complaint, in which Third Wave denied infringing the claims of the 715 patent. Third Wave further asserted counterclaims against Digene alleging violations of federal antitrust laws pursuant to Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act, the Clayton Act, and the Robinson-Patman Act. In response, on April 5, 2007, Digene filed a reply denying all of Third Waves counter claims. A claim construction hearing was held on June 22, 2007, and the Court issued two opinions construing the asserted claims. In light of the Courts construction of the claims at issue, Digene believes that it cannot meaningfully pursue its infringement action against Third Wave at the district court level. On October 19, 2007, Digene filed a Motion for Summary Judgment, seeking judgment against Third Waves antitrust claims. The Court granted Digenes Motion on January 11, 2008, dismissing all of Third Waves antitrust counterclaims. On February 25, 2008, Third Wave withdrew the only remaining claim on
F-41
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
the issue of exceptional case. Both QIAGEN and Third Wave filed a notice of appeal to the Federal Circuit and the briefing was completed on November 7, 2008. Oral argument before the Federal Circuit was held February 2, 2009 and a decision is expected in late spring or early summer 2009. QIAGEN intends to vigorously pursue this appeal and any potential remand to the district court.
Digene Corporation v. F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd. and Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.
There is a pending arbitration filed by Digene against F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd. and Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. (collectively Roche) in December of 2006 for breach of contract of a 1990 Cross License Agreement between Digene and Roche for rights to certain HPV patents. Digene claims that Roche has breached this license agreement by entering into an alleged Supply and Purchase Agreement with Gen-Probe, Inc. (Gen-Probe) in violation of the terms of the Cross License Agreement which has a prohibition against further sublicensing. On July 13, 2007, the arbitration Panel granted Gen-Probes request to intervene as a respondent in the arbitration. On August 27, 2007, Digene filed its First Amended Demand for Arbitration to include claims against both Roche and Gen-Probe. Thereafter, on September 6, 2007, both Roche and Gen-Probe filed their Statement of Defense denying the allegations and asserting counterclaims against Digene. Roche alleges that Digene interfered with its business relations and violated Digenes duties of good faith and fair dealing owed to Roche under the license agreement by bringing this lawsuit. Digene has denied Roches claims while asserting Roches counterclaims fail to state a cause of action. Gen-Probe contends that the Purchase and Supply Agreement with Roche is not made invalid by the prohibition on sublicenses contained in the Digene/Roche Cross License Agreement.
On October 13, 2007, Roche and Gen-Probe filed a Motion for Summary Judgment (the Motion) alleging that the Purchase and Supply Agreement with Roche does not violate the Cross License Agreement and that they are entitled to judgment as a matter of law. QIAGEN filed its response to the Motion on November 30, 2007 and a hearing was held on January 17, 2008 in New York. On January 29, 2008, the Panel denied the Motion and found that genuine issues of material fact exist with respect to each of the claims on which Roche and Gen-Probe sought summary disposition. On February 29, 2008, QIAGEN filed a motion requesting leave to file a Second Amended Arbitration Demand adding two new causes of action against Roche. Digenes new counts relate to a claim that Roche intentionally interfered with Digenes business relationship with Gen-Probe and a Declaration of Rights declaring that Roche does not have the rights in the 1990 Cross License it purports to have because the transaction in which Roche allegedly obtained those rights was invalid. On March 11, 2008, Gen-Probe filed its own motion to Amend its Statement of Defense and Counterclaims seeking to change the caption of the case to reflect Digenes merger with QIAGEN and to add QIAGEN as a party to the arbitration and to add an eighth affirmative action defense alleging that, as a result of the merger with QIAGEN, Digene has no standing to prosecute this arbitration. On April 4, 2008, the arbitration panel granted Digenes motion to add its count with respect to Roches interference but denied it leave to add a count directed to Roches rights in the Cross License Agreement at this stage of the proceedings. The panel also denied Gen-Probes motion to add QIAGEN as a party and change the caption of the case, but granted it leave to add its eighth affirmative defense. The oral hearing before the arbitration panel was held on October 27, 2008 to November 11, 2008, and post-arbitration briefing was completed on January 16, 2009. Subsequently, on January 30, 2009, oral argument was held before the panel on all issues. A written decision is expected in early 2009. QIAGEN intends to continue to vigorously pursue the arbitration.
Corbett v. ABI
A declaratory judgment action was filed by Corbett Research Pty. Ltd., Corbett Life Science, and Corbett Robotics Inc. (collectively, Corbett) against Applera Corporation and Applied Biosystems, Inc. (collectively, ABI) in the Northern District of California on June 30, 2008. The complaint seeks a judgment that Corbetts
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QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Rotor-Gene products do not infringe the claims of U.S. Patent No. 6,814,934 B1 (the 934 patent), and that the 934 patent claims are invalid or unenforceable. On July 1, 2008, QIAGEN finalized its acquisition of the outstanding shares of Corbett. ABI answered Corbetts complaint denying invalidity and unenforceability of the 934 patent and counterclaiming that Corbett Rotor-Gene products infringe the 934. ABIs counterclaims allege that Corbetts infringement is willful and seeks money damages and an injunction. Corbett answered denying ABIs counterclaims on October 17, 2008. On January 21, 2009, a joint stipulation for dismissal was granted by the Court and this case is now closed.
Preacquistion Contingencies
In connection with the acquisition of Corbett, $25.1 million has been paid into an escrow account to cover preacquistion contingencies assumed in the acquisition, including any payments required under the resolution of the above mentioned litigation with ABI. The escrow amounts are recorded as an asset in prepaid and other expenses. Correspondingly, $25.1 million for preacquistion contingencies, including matters other than the ABI litigation, is recorded as a liability under accrued and other liabilities as of December 31, 2008.
17. | Employee Benefit Plans |
The Company maintains various benefit plans, including defined contribution and defined benefit plans. The Companys U.S. defined contribution plan is qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, and covers substantially all U.S. employees. Participants may contribute a portion of their compensation not exceeding a limit set annually by the Internal Revenue Service. This plan includes a provision for the Company to match a portion of employee contributions. Total expense under the 401(k) plans, including the plans acquired via business acquisitions, was $2.7 million, $1.4 million and $881,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The Company also has a defined contribution plan which covers certain executives. The Company makes matching contributions up to an established maximum. In 2008, 2007 and 2006, matching contributions to the plan totaled approximately $378,000, $390,000 and $295,000, respectively.
The Company has four defined benefit, non-contributory retirement or termination plans that cover certain employees in Germany, France, Japan and Italy. These defined benefit plans provide benefits to covered individuals satisfying certain age and service requirements. For certain plans, the Company calculates the vested benefits to which employees are entitled if they separate immediately, in compliance with the Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 88-21, Determination of Vested Benefit Pension Plan (EITF 88-1). The benefits accrued on a pro-rata basis during the employees employment period are based on the individuals salaries, adjusted for inflation. The liability under the defined benefit plans was $2.9 million at December 31, 2008 and $2.2 million at December 31, 2007.
18. | Related Party Transactions |
The Company entered into a consulting agreement in 2004 with Dr. Metin Colpan, the Companys former Chief Executive Officer and current Supervisory Board member, pursuant to which Dr. Colpan shall be paid a fee of EUR 2,750 per day for consulting services, subject to adjustment. During 2008 and 2007, the Company paid approximately $234,000 and $471,000, respectively, to Dr. Colpan for scientific consulting services under this agreement.
From time to time, the Company has transactions with companies in which the Company holds an interest all of which are individually and in the aggregate immaterial except for certain transactions with the joint venture PreAnalytiX, Dx Assays Pte. Ltd., QIAGEN Finance and QIAGEN Euro Finance.
F-43
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The Company has a 50% interest in a joint venture company, PreAnalytiX GmbH, which is accounted for under the equity method. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had accounts receivable from PreAnalytix of $276,000 and $670,000, and accounts payable to PreAnalytix of $250,000 and $116,000, respectively.
During 2007, the Company made an initial investment of $747,000 in Dx Assays Pte Ltd, a joint venture with Bio*One Capital. The Companys investment represents a 33.3% interest in Dx Assays Pte Ltd. In the first quarter of 2008, the Company made a $1.4 million loan to Dx Assays, which bears interest at 15% and is due in March 2013.
The Company has a 100% interest in QIAGEN Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (QIAGEN Finance) and QIAGEN Euro Finance (Luxembourg) S.A. (Euro Finance), which were established for the purpose of issuing convertible debt. As discussed in Note 10, QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance are variable interest entities with no primary beneficiary, thus they are not consolidated. Accordingly, the convertible debt is not included in the consolidated statements of QIAGEN N.V., though QIAGEN N.V. does report the full obligation of the debt through its liabilities to QIAGEN Finance and Euro Finance. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had loans payable to QIAGEN Finance of $145.0 million and $150.0 million, respectively, and accrued interest due to QIAGEN Finance of $3.4 million and amounts receivable from QIAGEN Finance of $2.4 million. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company has a loan payable to Euro Finance of $300.0 million, accrued interest due to Euro Finance of $3.0 million and amounts receivable from Euro Finance of $1.7 million. The amounts receivables are related to subscription rights which are recorded net in the equity of QIAGEN N.V. as paid-in capital.
19. | Segment and Related Information |
The Company manages its business based on the locations of its subsidiaries. Therefore, reportable segments are based on the geographic locations of the subsidiaries. The Companys reportable segments include the Companys production, manufacturing and sales facilities located throughout the world. In addition, the Companys corporate segment includes its holding company located in The Netherlands and two subsidiaries located in Germany which operate only in a corporate support function. The reportable segments derive revenues from the Companys entire product and service offerings. It is not practicable to provide a detail of revenues for each group of similar products and services offered by the Company. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Summarized financial information concerning the Companys reportable segments is shown in the tables below.
F-44
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Net sales are attributed to countries based on the location of the Companys subsidiary generating the sale. QIAGEN operates manufacturing facilities in Germany, Switzerland, China and the United States that supply products to other countries. The sales from these manufacturing operations to other countries are included in the Net Sales of the countries in which the manufacturing locations are based. The intercompany portions of such net sales of a reportable segment are excluded through the intersegment elimination to derive consolidated net sales. No single customer represents more than ten percent of consolidated net sales.
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Net Sales |
||||||||||||
Americas |
$ | 988,617 | $ | 465,878 | $ | 318,865 | ||||||
Germany |
331,013 | 270,173 | 220,325 | |||||||||
Switzerland |
77,745 | 56,615 | 40,044 | |||||||||
Asia |
90,047 | 71,168 | 49,875 | |||||||||
All other |
210,439 | 148,082 | 109,025 | |||||||||
Corporate |
878 | 350 | 525 | |||||||||
Subtotal |
1,698,739 | 1,012,266 | 738,659 | |||||||||
Intersegment Elimination |
(805,764 | ) | (362,492 | ) | (272,881 | ) | ||||||
Total |
$ | 892,975 | $ | 649,774 | $ | 465,778 | ||||||
All intersegment sales are accounted for by a formula based on local list prices and manufacturing costs and eliminated in consolidation.
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Intersegment Sales |
||||||||||||
Americas |
$ | (535,199 | ) | $ | (155,052 | ) | $ | (115,924 | ) | |||
Germany |
(195,561 | ) | (162,149 | ) | (129,438 | ) | ||||||
Switzerland |
(63,401 | ) | (42,637 | ) | (26,518 | ) | ||||||
Asia |
(3,778 | ) | (1,876 | ) | (784 | ) | ||||||
All other |
(7,825 | ) | (778 | ) | (188 | ) | ||||||
Corporate |
| | (29 | ) | ||||||||
Total |
$ | (805,764 | ) | $ | (362,492 | ) | $ | (272,881 | ) | |||
The Company evaluates performance based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is operating income. The Corporate segment operating loss is primarily general and administrative expenses, including share-based compensation costs. The intersegment elimination represents primarily the elimination of intercompany profit.
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Operating Income (Loss) |
||||||||||||
Americas |
$ | 66,962 | $ | 14,605 | $ | 31,414 | ||||||
Germany |
71,786 | 63,769 | 53,956 | |||||||||
Switzerland |
(8,249 | ) | (391 | ) | (1,558 | ) | ||||||
Asia |
905 | 5,941 | 8,302 | |||||||||
All other |
32,683 | 21,922 | 15,594 | |||||||||
Corporate |
(16,552 | ) | (20,051 | ) | (6,550 | ) | ||||||
Subtotal |
147,535 | 85,795 | 101,158 | |||||||||
Intersegment Elimination |
(1,873 | ) | (2,662 | ) | (557 | ) | ||||||
Total |
$ | 145,662 | $ | 83,133 | $ | 100,601 | ||||||
F-45
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Assets of Corporate include cash and cash equivalents, investments, prepaid assets and certain intangibles. The intersegment elimination represents intercompany investments and advances.
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Americas |
$ | 2,927,088 | $ | 2,122,875 | ||||
Germany |
459,428 | 459,761 | ||||||
Switzerland |
127,677 | 97,730 | ||||||
Asia |
97,822 | 80,987 | ||||||
All other |
284,229 | 119,470 | ||||||
Corporate |
914,336 | 1,862,963 | ||||||
Subtotal |
4,810,580 | 4,743,786 | ||||||
Intersegment Elimination |
(1,925,257 | ) | (1,968,612 | ) | ||||
Total |
$ | 2,885,323 | $ | 2,775,174 | ||||
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
Long-Lived Assets |
||||||
Americas |
$ | 1,549,132 | $ | 1,653,244 | ||
Germany |
317,431 | 303,097 | ||||
Switzerland |
37,264 | 12,191 | ||||
Asia |
32,959 | 33,237 | ||||
All other |
162,873 | 45,817 | ||||
Corporate |
8,343 | 7,514 | ||||
Total |
$ | 2,108,002 | $ | 2,055,100 | ||
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, for Switzerland, the net investment in equity method investees was $7.0 million and $4.6 million, respectively. The Netherlands had a net investment in equity method investees of $2.2 million and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||
Capital Expenditures |
|||||||||
Americas |
$ | 11,220 | $ | 6,381 | $ | 4,206 | |||
Germany |
18,174 | 19,938 | 20,638 | ||||||
Switzerland |
5,675 | 3,445 | 2,211 | ||||||
Asia |
1,567 | 2,875 | 804 | ||||||
All other |
2,780 | 1,822 | 1,130 | ||||||
Corporate |
32 | 31 | 6 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 39,448 | $ | 34,492 | $ | 28,995 | |||
(in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||
Depreciation and Amortization |
|||||||||
Americas |
$ | 68,089 | $ | 34,274 | $ | 10,074 | |||
Germany |
23,761 | 20,186 | 14,070 | ||||||
Switzerland |
3,897 | 2,653 | 1,638 | ||||||
Asia |
3,672 | 2,512 | 1,626 | ||||||
All other |
5,576 | 2,373 | 1,850 | ||||||
Corporate |
709 | 585 | 780 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 105,704 | $ | 62,583 | $ | 30,038 | |||
F-46
QIAGEN N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE IIVALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008, 2007 AND 2006
(in thousands) | Balance at Beginning of Year |
Provision Charged to Expense |
Write-Offs | Foreign Exchange and Other |
Balance at End of Year | ||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2006: |
|||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
$ | 2,388 | $ | 378 | $ | (333 | ) | $ | 175 | $ | 2,608 | ||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2007: |
|||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
$ | 2,608 | $ | 1,807 | $ | (1,062 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | 3,344 | |||||
Year Ended December 31, 2008: |
|||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
$ | 3,344 | $ | 827 | $ | (703 | ) | $ | (398 | ) | $ | 3,070 |
S-1