Edgar Filing: MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS INC

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company

10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

x	Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014

¨	Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-36030

Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

20-5137161

(State or other jurisdiction of

Incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

1540 Drew Avenue, Davis, CA 95618

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(530) 750-2800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Class		Exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.00001 par value		NASDAQ Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 or Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

As of June 30, 2015, the last day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates was $20,508,703, based upon the closing price of the common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market. This calculation excludes the shares of common stock held by each officer, director and holder of 5% or more of the outstanding common stock as of June 30, 2015. This calculation does not reflect a determination that such persons are affiliates for any other purposes.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.


Class		Shares Outstanding at October 31, 2015
Common Stock, $0.00001 par value		24,464,582

EXPLANATORY NOTE

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or this Form 10-K, Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc., or the Company, is restating its consolidated financial statements, selected financial data (as applicable) and certain financial data in management’s discussion and analysis and other information for the following periods: (i) the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, including related quarterly periods; and (ii) the quarterly periods ended March 31 and June 30, 2014 (the Restatement). This is our first periodic report since our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2014. This report covers the fiscal years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 (as restated) and 2012 and includes unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and supplemental information as applicable for quarterly periods ended March 31, 2014 (as restated), June 30, 2014 (as restated), September 30, 2014, December 31, 2014, March 31, 2013 (as restated), June 30, 2013 (as restated), September 30, 2013 (as restated) and December 31, 2013 (as restated).

The Company has not amended, and does not intend to amend, its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 or any of its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for periods prior to December 31, 2014. The Company also does not intend to file a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014. The financial statements and related financial information for the restated periods contained in any of the Company’s filings prior to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 should no longer be relied upon.

Summary of the Restatement

On September 3, 2014, the Company announced that the Audit Committee of the Company’s board of directors had commenced an independent investigation after learning of documents calling into question the recognition of revenue in the fourth quarter of 2013 for an $870,000 transaction. The Audit Committee concluded, after consultation with management, that the Company’s previously reported financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, the related report of the independent auditors on those 2013 financial statements dated March 25, 2014, and the unaudited interim financial statements as of and for the three months, the three and six months and the three and nine months ended March 31, June 30 and September 30, 2013, respectively, and as of and for the three months and the three and six months ended March 31 and June 30, 2014, respectively, should no longer be relied upon.

In February 2015, the Company announced the conclusion and findings of the Audit Committee’s independent investigation. As discussed further below, the Audit Committee principally determined that as a result of the failure of certain employees to share with the Company’s finance department or the external auditors important transaction terms with distributors, including “inventory protection” arrangements that would permit the distributors to return to the Company certain unsold products, the Company inappropriately recognized revenue for certain historical sales transactions with these distributors prior to satisfying the criteria for revenue recognition required under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).

In light of the foregoing, the Company’s management evaluated the necessity, nature and scope of any restatements of its previously filed financial statements, as discussed further below. Based on such evaluation, the Company, among other things, determined to change its revenue recognition methodology from “sell-in” to “sell-through” for sales to certain distributors. The Company has now recognized, in the aggregate, approximately $6.7 million less in product revenues than previously reported for 2013 and the first six months of 2014, as discussed further below. Of this amount, an aggregate of approximately $2.0 million in product was returned by certain distributors subsequent to June 30, 2014 pursuant to “inventory protection” rights and will not result in recognition of revenue in future periods.

Audit Committee Investigation

In late August 2014, a written agreement executed on behalf of the Company with one its distributors was identified by management that had not previously been disclosed by certain sales personnel to the Company’s

finance department. This arrangement was promptly communicated to the Audit Committee, which decided to conduct an independent investigation of the issues identified by management. The Audit Committee promptly retained independent legal counsel to assist in the investigation.

The Audit Committee and its advisors investigated certain sales to distributors to determine whether undisclosed commitments were made that could have an impact on the timing and treatment of revenue recognition and whether the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures were sufficient. The Audit Committee and its advisors also considered risk areas other than revenue recognition.

The investigation focused on revenue recorded in 2013 and the first two quarters of 2014. During the course of the investigation, the Audit Committee and its advisors collected and reviewed hard copy documents from individual custodians, electronically stored information, and various Company files. The Audit Committee also conducted 44 interviews with both current and former employees.

Audit Committee Findings

In February 2015, the Audit Committee completed its internal investigation. The principal findings of the Audit Committee were as follows:

•

certain employees did not share with the Company’s finance department or the external auditors certain important transactional terms related to historical sales transactions;

•

certain sales personnel executed inaccurate “sales representation” letters, which are intended to inform the Company’s finance department and the external auditors of any commitments not included on a customer purchase order provided to the finance department; and

•

certain employees mischaracterized expenses related to agreements to pay for the storage and freight fees associated with certain transactions.

As a result the Audit Committee concluded that the Company recognized revenue for certain transactions prior to satisfying the criteria for revenue recognition required under GAAP. In addition, the Audit Committee found that supply chain personnel were directed to ship the wrong product to a customer because the Company did not have the ordered product readily available.

The employees primarily responsible for the foregoing conduct are no longer with the Company. The Audit Committee concluded that the Company can rely on current management to accurately prepare the Company’s financial statements.

Restatement Process and Impact

Based on the results of the investigation, the Company’s management carried out a further evaluation to determine whether and by what amounts to restate any of the Company’s previously filed financial statements. This evaluation included collection and review of additional electronically stored information, transactional records from certain customers and correspondence with certain customers. Specifically, the Company’s management evaluated all distributor sales transactions during 2013 and the first two quarters of 2014 on a customer-by-customer and transaction-by-transaction basis. With respect to each individual transaction, the Company’s management evaluated relevant facts and circumstances that came to light in their review in order to apply the Company’s revenue recognition policy to such transactions.

Historically, the Company had determined that with limited exceptions, the criteria for revenue recognition were met at the point at which title was transferred to the distributor. However, based on the review, the following circumstances were identified for certain transactions that would result in the criteria for revenue recognition not being met with respect to such transactions until the Company’s products were sold through by the distributor, including:

•

promises to certain distributors to accept returns of unsold inventory where the amount of future returns could not be reasonably estimated and/or we had significant obligations for future performance to bring about resale of the product by the distributor; and

•

arrangements with certain distributors that did not require payment of amounts due until product was resold by the distributor.

Accordingly, in the restated periods, and for the foreseeable future, the Company is now using a “sell-through” method for sales to certain distributors rather than the “sell-in” method previously used by the Company. In general, under the “sell-in” method, sales by the Company to distributors are recognized at the point at which title was transferred to the distributors, in contrast to the “sell-through” method, whereby sales by the Company to distributors are not recognized as product revenues until the distributors sell the product through to end-users. The principal impact of switching from a “sell-in” to a “sell-through” method is that product revenues with respect to the applicable distributors are deferred to later periods.

Primarily as a result of the change in methodology from “sell-in” to “sell-through” for certain sales to certain distributors, the Company recognized approximately $6.1 million and $0.6 million less revenue for the year ended December 31, 2013 and the six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, than had been previously reported. Of these amounts, an aggregate of approximately $2.0 million in product was returned by certain distributors subsequent to June 30, 2014 pursuant to “inventory protection” rights and will not result in recognition of revenue in future periods. The restatement of previously issued financial statements reduced the Company’s gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2013 and the six months ended June 30, 2014 by $2.6 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Net loss, basic loss per share and diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2013 was increased by approximately $2.8 million, $0.32 per share and $0.31 per share, respectively, and the six months ended June 30, 2014 was increased by approximately $0.4 million, $0.02 per share and $0.02 per share, respectively.

For additional discussion of the accounting errors identified and the restatement adjustments, see Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements, and Note 21, Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited), to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II–Item 8–“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Controls and Procedures

Management has assessed the adequacy of its internal control over financial reporting, and based on the Audit Committee’s recommendations, Company management has concluded that the following deficiencies related to the Audit Committee’s investigation constituted, individually or in the aggregate, material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014:

•

Control Environment - The control environment, which includes the Company’s Code of Conduct, is the responsibility of senior management, sets the tone of our organization, influences the control consciousness of employees, and is the foundation for the other components of internal control over financial reporting. The Audit Committee determined, based on the results of its independent investigation, that relevant information related to historical sales transactions, to which certain sales personnel were aware of, was consistently not shared with the finance department or the Company’s external auditors, certain sales personnel executed inaccurate representation letters, and certain sales personnel mischaracterized expense reports to pay for storage or freight charges associated with certain sales transactions. As a result of these findings, we determined that certain former sales personnel did not project an attitude of integrity and control consciousness, leading to insufficient attention to their responsibilities and internal controls. Further, effective mitigating controls were not in place to discourage, prevent or detect management override of internal control by certain sales personnel related to the Company’s process for recognizing revenue.

•

Revenue Recognition – The Company’s internal controls were not effectively designed to identify instances when sales personnel made unauthorized commitments with certain distributors, including “inventory protection” arrangements that would permit the distributors to return to the Company certain unsold products. In addition, controls were not in place to identify instances of management

iii

override of internal controls by sales personnel related to the recognition of sales to the Company’s distributors. Consequently, revenue for certain transactions was recognized prior to satisfaction of all required revenue recognition criteria.

While the Company has implemented the plan for remediation of these material weaknesses, the Company is still in the process of testing and evaluating the effectiveness of the remediation measures we have taken to date. In addition, many of these remediation efforts focus on continued training and communication of the Company’s enhanced policies and procedures. More specifically, the Company’s plan includes, among other things, improvement of the Company’s Code of Conduct and whistleblower policies; enhancement of training for all employees on the Company’s Code of Conduct and for sales personnel on the Company’s revenue recognition policy and the need for timely communication with the finance department; and expansion of the Company’s formal internal certification process to additional individuals within the Company. Additionally, as part of the Company’s remediation process the Company has taken steps to ensure that sales personnel primarily responsible for accounting improprieties are no longer employed by the Company.

The Company intends to continue to identify and implement actions to improve the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. For more information on the status of the Company’s remediation efforts, please see Part II-Item 9A-“Controls and Procedures” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Trade Names

This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a number of forward-looking statements that involve many risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of the words “would,” “could,” “will,” “may,” “expect,” “believe,” “should,” “anticipate,” “outlook,” “if,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “targets,” “seek” or “continue” and similar words and phrases, including the negatives of these terms, or other variations of these terms, that denote future events. These forward-looking statements include: our plans to target our existing products or product variations for new markets and for new uses and applications; our plans and expectations with respect to growth in sales of our product lines; our ability and plans to develop, register and commercialize additional new product candidates and bring new products to market across multiple categories faster and at a lower cost than other developers of pest management products; our expectations regarding registering new products and new formulations and expanded use labels for existing products, including submitting new products to the EPA; our belief that challenges facing the use of conventional chemical pesticides will continue to grow; our beliefs regarding the growth of markets for, and unmet demand for, bio-based products; our beliefs regarding market adoption for our products and our ability to compete in our target markets; our intention to maintain existing, and develop new, supply, sales and distribution channels and extend market access; expectations regarding potential future payments under strategic collaboration and development agreements; our plans to grow our business while improving efficiency, including by focusing on a limited number of product candidates, taking measures to reduce expenses and expanding our sales and marketing team; our plans with respect to manufacturing; our plans to seek third-party collaborations to develop and commercialize more early stage product candidates; our intention to continue to devote significant resources toward our proprietary technology and research and development; our expectations that sales will be seasonal and the impact of continued drought and other weather-related conditions; our ability to protect our intellectual property in the United States and abroad; our beliefs regarding the effects of the outcome of certain legal matters; our expectations regarding incurring additional costs related to the Audit Committee investigation, restatement of financial statements and director and officer liability insurance; our plans regarding remediation activities related to weakness in our internal control over financial reporting; our anticipated impact of certain accounting pronouncements; our ability to use carryforwards; our expectations regarding market risk, including interest rate changes, foreign currency fluctuations and commodity price changes; and our future financial and operating results. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and our potential financial performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results and financial position to differ materially and adversely from what is projected or implied in any forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These factors include, but are not limited to, the risks described under Part I–Item 1A—“Risk Factors,” Part II–Item 7—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and those discussed in other documents we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We make these forward-looking statements based upon information available on the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and we have no obligation (and expressly disclaim any such obligation) to update or alter any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information or otherwise except as otherwise required by securities regulations.

As used herein, “MBI,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and similar terms refer to Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc., unless the context indicates otherwise.

Except as context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to our product lines, such as Regalia, refer collectively to all formulations of the respective product line, such as Regalia Maxx, Regalia Rx or Regalia SC, and all trade names under which our distributors sell such product lines internationally, such as Sakalia, Sentry R or Milsana. Our logos, Grandevo^®, Regalia^®, Venerate^®, Zequanox^®, Haven^TM, Majestene^TM and other trade names, trademarks or service marks of Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. appearing herein are the property of Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains additional trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply relationships with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I.

Item 1.	Business		1

Item 1A.	Risk Factors		27

Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments		48

Item 2.	Properties		48

Item 3.	Legal Proceedings		48

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures		49

PART II.

Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities		50

Item 6.	Selected Financial Data		51

Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		54

Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		90

Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data		91

Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure		163

Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures		163

Item 9B.	Other Information		166

PART III.

Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance		167

Item 11.	Executive Compensation		175

Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters		185

Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence		188

Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services		190

PART IV.

Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules		191

SIGNATURES			192

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

We make bio-based pest management and plant health products. Bio-based products are comprised of naturally occurring microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and plant extracts. Our current products target the major markets that use conventional chemical pesticides, including certain agricultural and water markets, where our bio-based products are used as alternatives for, or mixed with, conventional chemical products. We also target new markets for which there are no available conventional chemical pesticides, the use of conventional chemical products may not be desirable or permissible because of health and environmental concerns (including for organically certified crops) or because the development of pest resistance has reduced the efficacy of conventional chemical pesticides. All of our current products are EPA-approved and registered as “biopesticides.” We expect our future products will include plant health products qualified as “biostimulants,” which may require state registrations but do not require EPA registration. We believe our current portfolio of products and our pipeline address the growing global demand for effective, efficient and environmentally responsible products to control pests, increase crop yields and reduce crop stress.

We currently primarily sell to the crop protection market. Our three commercially available crop protection product lines, are Regalia, for plant disease control and plant health, and Grandevo and Venerate, for insect and mite control. These products can be used in both conventional and organic crop production, and are sold to growers of specialty crops such as grapes, citrus, tomatoes, vegetables, nuts, leafy greens and ornamental plants. We have also had some sales of Regalia for large-acre row crops such as corn and soybeans. We have also developed a commercially available product line that we sell to the water treatment market. Zequanox selectively controls invasive mussels that cause significant infrastructure and ecological damage across a broad range of in-pipe and open-water applications, including hydroelectric and thermoelectric power generation, industrial applications and recreation. We believe that our existing crop protection products, or variations thereof, can also be specifically targeted for industrial and institutional, turf and ornamental, home and garden and animal health uses such as controlling grubs, ants, flies and mosquitoes in and around schools, parks, golf courses and other public-use areas.

Since the second half of 2014, we have been implementing a prioritization plan to focus our resources on continuing to improve and promote our commercially available products, advancing product candidates that are expected to have the greatest impact on near-term growth potential and expanding international presence and commercialization. Our goal has been to reduce expenses, conserve cash and improve operating efficiencies, to extract greater value from our products and product pipeline and to improve our communication to and connection with the global sustainability movement that is core to our cultural values.

In connection with this new strategy, we have significantly reduced overall headcount, while building a new sales organization with increased training and ability to educate and support customers, as well as providing our product development staff with greater responsibility for technical sales support, field-trials and demonstrations to promote sales growth. In addition, while we believe that we have developed a robust pipeline of novel product candidates, we are currently limiting our internal efforts to five product candidates, Majestene (MBI-305), a biopesticide for parasitic roundworm control, or “bionematicide,” based on the microbe used in Venerate, for which we have initiated a targeted placement to select customers, MBI-010, a bioherbicide that is also based on the microorganism in Venerate and Majestene, and MBI-110, a biofungicide, both of which we plan to submit to the EPA in 2016, Haven (MBI-505), a plant health product that does not require EPA registration, and MBI-601, a biopesticide that produces gaseous natural compounds, or “biofumigant,” which we submitted to the EPA in April 2014. Simultaneously, we are seeking collaborations with third parties to develop and commercialize more early stage candidates on which we have elected not to expend significant resources given our reduced budget.

We believe that collectively, these measures will best position us to respond to the business challenges reflected in our financial results for recent periods, but our long-term, global vision for our business and our commitment to that vision remains fundamentally unchanged.

Industry Overview

Pest management is an important global industry. Phillips McDougall, an independent advisory firm, estimates the 2014 agrichemical market (crop protection) at $56.6 billion, with Brazil ranking first at $11.6 billion in sales, followed by the United States at $9.2 billion. Most of the markets we currently target or plan to target primarily rely on conventional chemical pesticides, supplemented in certain agricultural markets by the use of genetically modified crops. Conventional chemical pesticides are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate pests. However, demand for effective and environmentally responsible bio-based products continues to increase. The global market for biopesticides, which control pests by non-toxic mechanisms such as attracting pests to traps or interfering with their ability to digest food, was valued at $3.6 billion for 2014 and projected to grow to $6.9 billion in 2019, reflecting a 13.9% compound annual growth rate of over the period, according to BCC Research, an independent market research firm. In comparison, global synthetic pesticides sales were projected at 5.7% compound annual growth for the same period. We believe these trends will continue as the benefits of using bio-based pest management and plant health products become more widely known.

Crop Protection

Conventional Production. Growers are constantly challenged to supply the escalating global demand for food, while reducing the negative impact of crop protection practices on consumers, farm workers and the environment. The dominant technologies for crop protection are conventional chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops. Major agrichemical companies have invested billions of dollars to develop genetically modified crops that resist pests or have high tolerance to conventional chemical pesticides. The market for genetically modified crops was estimated at $21 billion in 2014, according to Phillips McDougall. In addition, according to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, a third-party not-for-profit organization, in 2014, 182 million hectares (484 million acres) were planted with genetically modified crops in 28 countries, with the United States, Brazil, Argentina, India and Canada planting the most (in that order). Soybean, corn, cotton and canola plantings have made the greatest inroads, accounting for 50%, 30%, 14% and 9%, respectively, of genetically modified seeds planted globally.

Conventional chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops have historically been effective in controlling pests. However, there are increasing challenges facing the use of conventional chemical pesticides such as pest resistance and environmental, consumer and worker safety concerns. Governmental agencies are further pressuring growers, distributors and manufacturers by restricting or banning certain forms of conventional chemical pesticide usage, particularly in the European Union, as some conventional chemical pesticide products are being phased out, as well as at local levels, where many city and county governments have prohibited the sale of certain conventional chemical pesticide products, magnifying the complexity of agrichemical companies’ distribution and regulatory compliance. At the same time, a number of supermarket chains and food processors, key purchasers of specialty fruits, nuts and vegetables, are imposing synthetic chemical residue restrictions, limiting options available to growers close to harvest. Consumers, scientists and environmental groups have also voiced concerns about the unintended effects of genetically modified crops, including pest resistance and contamination of non-genetically modified crops. In response to consumer and environmental group concerns and restrictions by importing countries, several large-scale food purchasers have demanded that their contracted growers supply them only non-genetically modified crops.

These factors are significant market drivers for conventional producers, and their impact is continuing to grow. An increasing number of growers are implementing integrated pest management (IPM) programs that, among other things, combine bio-based pest management products and crop cultivating practices and techniques such as crop rotation, with conventional chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops. Bio-based pest management products are becoming a larger component of IPM programs due in part to the challenges associated with conventional chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops.

Organic Production. Certified organic crops such as food, cotton and ornamental plants, are produced without the use of synthetic chemicals, genetic modification or any other bioengineering or adulteration. As such, organic

growers are limited in the number of alternatives for pest management. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, or the USDA, approved national production and labeling standards for organic food marketed in the United States in late 2000. These standards have contributed to the growth of organic food consumption in the United States, and other countries have implemented similar programs. According to the Organic Trade Association, a business association, consumer demand for organic food has outpaced the available acreage in the United States, with $1.4 billion of organic food imported in 2013 and $49 billion of domestic organic food sales in 2014, or 5% of all food sales, up 11% over 2013. In addition, U.S. sales of non-GMO-labeled foods were estimated at $8.5 billion across 2,100 brands and 22,000 verified items in 2014, according to SPINS, a third party consulting firm. We believe this growing demand is primarily driven by concerns about food safety and the adverse environmental effects of conventional chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops.

Water Treatment

Global demand for water treatment products was estimated to be $48 billion in 2012, according to The Freedonia Group, an independent market research firm, and the global market for specialty biocide chemicals for water treatment was projected to be $5.2 billion in 2013, according to BCC Research. Invasive and native pest species are increasingly a concern in diverse applications such as hydroelectric and thermoelectric power generation, industrial applications, drinking water, aquaculture, irrigation and recreation. However, discharge of water treatment chemicals to target these pests is highly regulated, and in many cases, such as with management of open waters and sensitive environmental habitats, use of conventional chemicals is prohibited.

One particular area of concern has been the damage caused by invasive zebra and quagga mussels, which clog pipes, disrupt ecosystems, encrust infrastructure and blanket beaches with razor-sharp shells. These species initially infested the Great Lakes region and have spread across the United States. Industry reports estimate that these mussels cause approximately $1.0 billion in damage and associated control costs annually in parts of the United States alone. There are limited treatment options available, many of which are toxic to aquatic flora and fauna. To date, most treatment options have been focused either on manual removal of the mussels, which is time consuming and costly, or conventional chemical treatments, which potentially jeopardize the environment and are thus controlled tightly by regulatory agencies.

The water treatment market also includes products to control algae, aquatic weeds and unwanted microorganisms. For example, one of the most effective and popular methods for controlling algae and unwanted microorganisms is chlorination. One of the major concerns in using chlorination in surface water supplies is that chlorine combines with various organic compounds to form by-products, some of which are considered possible carcinogens.

Other Target Markets

We are also taking steps through strategic collaborations to commercialize our existing crop protection products, or variations thereof, for other markets. Although conventional chemical pesticides have traditionally serviced the industrial and institutional, professional turf and ornamental, home and garden and animal health markets, governmental regulations are restricting their use, and reports indicate that end users increasingly value environmentally friendly products, with some households willing to forego pest control treatments entirely if alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides are not available.

Benefits of Bio-Based Pest Management and Plant Health Products

While conventional chemical pesticides are often effective in controlling pests, some of these chemicals are acutely toxic, some are suspected carcinogens and some can have other harmful effects on the environment and other animals. Health and environmental concerns have prompted stricter legislation around the use of conventional chemical pesticides, particularly in Europe, where the use of some highly toxic or endocrine-disrupting chemical pesticides is banned or severely limited and the importation of produce is subject to strict regulatory standards on

pesticide residues. In addition, the European Union has passed the Sustainable Use Directive, which requires EU-member countries to reduce the use of conventional chemical pesticides and to use alternative pest management methods, including bio-based pest management products. Over the past two decades, U.S. regulatory agencies have also developed stricter standards and regulations. Furthermore, a growing shift in consumer preference towards organic and sustainable food production has led many large, global food retailers to require their supply chains to implement these practices, including the use of bio-based pest management and fertilizer solutions, water and energy efficiency practices, and localized food product sourcing.

Aside from the health and environmental concerns, conventional chemical pesticide users face additional challenges such as pest resistance and reduced worker productivity, as workers may not return to the fields for a certain period of time after treatment. Similar risks and hazards are also prevalent in the water treatment market, as chlorine and other chemicals used to control invasive water pests contaminate and endanger natural waterways. Costs of using conventional chemical pesticides are also increasing due to a number of factors, including raw materials costs such as rising costs of petroleum, stringent regulatory requirements and pest resistance to conventional chemical pesticides, which requires increasing application rates or the use of more expensive alternative products.

As the cost of conventional chemical pesticides increases and the use of conventional chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops meets increased opposition from government agencies and consumers, and the efficacy of bio-based pest management and plant health products becomes more widely recognized among growers, bio-based pest management products are gaining popularity and represent a strong growth sector within the market for pest management technologies. Growers are increasingly incorporating bio-based pest management products into IPM programs, and bio-based pest management products help create the type of sustainable agriculture programs that growers and food companies increasingly emphasize.

Bio-based pest management products include biopesticides, as well as minerals such as copper and sulfur. The EPA registers biopesticides in two major categories: (i) microbial pesticides, which contain a microorganism such as a bacterium or fungus as the active ingredient and (ii) biochemical pesticides, which are naturally occurring substances such as insect sex pheromones, certain plant extracts and fatty acids. Biostimulasts, which are not registered by the EPA absent additional pest control usages, are microorganisms or natural substances derived from microorganisms or plants that growers use to reduce plant stress, stimulate plant physiology to increase yield, manage pest resistance and reduce chemical residues.

We believe many bio-based pest management products perform as well as or better than conventional chemical pesticides. When used in rotation or in spray tank mixtures with conventional chemical pesticides, bio-based pest management products can increase crop yields and quality over chemical-only programs. Agricultural industry reports, as well as our own research, indicate that bio-based pest management products can affect plant physiology and morphology in ways that may improve crop yield and can increase the efficacy of conventional chemical pesticides. In addition, pests rarely develop resistance to bio-based pest management products due to their complex modes of action. Likewise, bio-based pest management products have been shown to extend the product life of conventional chemical pesticides and limit the development of pest resistance, a key issue facing users of conventional chemical pesticides, by eliminating pests that survive conventional chemical pesticide treatments. Most bio-based pest management products are listed for use in organic farming, providing those growers with compelling pest control options to protect yields and quality. Given their generally lower toxicity compared with many conventional chemical pesticides, bio-based pest management products can add flexibility to harvest timing and worker re-entry times and can improve worker safety. Many bio-based pest management products are also exempt from conventional chemical residue tolerances, which are permissible levels of chemical residue at the time of harvest set by governmental agencies. Bio-based pest management products may not be subject to restrictions by food retailers and governmental agencies limiting chemical residues on produce, which enables growers to export to wider markets.

In addition to performance attributes, bio-based pest management products registered with the EPA as biopesticides can offer other advantages over conventional chemical pesticides. From an environmental

perspective, biopesticides have low toxicity, posing low risk to most non-target organisms, including humans, other mammals, birds, fish and beneficial insects. Biopesticides are biodegradable, resulting in less risk to surface water and groundwater and generally have low air-polluting volatile organic compound content. Because biopesticides tend to pose fewer risks than conventional pesticides, the EPA offers a more streamlined registration process for these products, which generally requires significantly less toxicological and environmental data and a lower registration fee. As a result, both the time and money required to bring a new product to market are reduced.

Our Solution

We produce bio-based pest management and plant health products that are effective and generally designed to be compatible with existing pest control equipment and infrastructure. This allows them to be used as alternatives for, or mixed with, conventional chemical pesticides, as well as in markets for which there are no available conventional chemical pesticides or the use of conventional chemical products may not be desirable or permissible because of health and environmental concerns. We believe that compared with conventional chemical pesticides, our products:

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can be competitive in both price and efficacy;

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provide viable alternatives where conventional chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops are subject to regulatory restrictions;

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comply with market-imposed requirements for pest management programs by food processors and retailers;

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are environmentally friendly;

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meet stringent organic farming requirements;

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improve worker productivity by shortening field re-entry times after spraying and allowing spraying up to the time of harvest;

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are exempt from residue restrictions applicable to conventional chemical pesticides in both the agriculture and water markets; and

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are less likely to result in the development of pest resistance.

In addition, our experience has shown that when our products are mixed with conventional chemical pesticides, they can:

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increase the effectiveness of conventional chemical pesticides while reducing their required application levels;

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increase levels of pest control and consistency of control;

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increase crop yields;

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increase crop quality, including producing crops with higher levels of protein, better taste and color and more attractive flowers; and

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delay the development of pest resistance to conventional chemical pesticides.

We believe that the benefits of our products will encourage sustained adoption by end users. For example, we have seen that growers that have used our products on a trial basis in one year have generally continued to use our products in higher levels in subsequent years.

Our Competitive Strengths

Focus on Bio-Based Products

Our belief in and commitment to our vision is our greatest strength. We believe that the world needs more organic and sustainable products and practices, and our goal is to champion that cause. Our experience has shown that by using bio-based pest management and plant health products, growers can benefit the environment and produce more healthy food while improving yields. However, bio-based products have application methods and modes of action that differ fundamentally from conventional chemical products. While major agrichemical companies sell bio-based products, we do not believe that those companies have sufficiently prioritized bio-based products or invested in the internal and external education that is essential to successfully promote these products, and those companies are often conflicted when marketing both conventional chemical products and bio-based products. In contrast, we believe MBI has long been recognized as a thought leader in the bio-based product industry, and we have consistently sought to educate growers in the use and benefits of these products, both alone and mixed with conventional chemical products. We believe our drive to convert acres to these sustainable practices will make us disruptive.

Commercially Available Products

We have four commercially available product lines: Regalia, Grandevo, Venerate and Zequanox. All four of these product lines are EPA approved, and Regalia is also approved in Canada, nine Latin American countries (including Brazil), South Africa and parts of Europe. Zequanox is approved in Canada, and is the only product EPA-approved for open water application other than copper, which is rarely used due to its negative environmental effects. All four of these commercialized lines are subject to patents and trade secrets related to the work we have done to characterize, formulate, develop and manufacture marketable products. We believe these product lines, along with our other EPA-approved and EPA-submitted products and other pipeline product candidates, provide us the foundation for continuing to build the leading portfolio of bio-based pest management products.

Robust Pipeline of Novel Product Candidates

Our pipeline of early-stage discoveries and new product candidates extends across a variety of product types for different end markets, including herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, insecticides, algaecides (for algae control), molluscicides (for mussel and snail control) and plant growth and plant stress regulators. Our product candidates are developed both internally and sourced from third parties. Our research and development process enables us to discover, source and develop multiple products in parallel, which keeps our pipeline robust. In August 2014, we received EPA approval of MBI-011, a weed-controlling biochemical, sarmentine, discovered and isolated from a pepper plant species, and we are currently pursuing third-party manufacturers to synthesize the natural compound at a cost that allows us to introduce the product to the market. We are currently developing the active ingredient in Venerate, a Burkholderia rinojensis microbe we isolated using our discovery process, for commercial release as Majestene bionematicide (MBI-305). We also have additional product candidates at various other stages of development, including MBI-601, a fungus that produces volatile compounds and works as a soil biofumigant, which was submitted to the EPA in April 2014, and a new Bacillus-based fungicide, MBI-110 that has demonstrated activity against downy mildew, Sclerotinia and other crop diseases, which we expect to submit to the EPA by early 2016.

Rapid and Efficient Development Process

We believe we can develop and commercialize novel and effective products faster and at a lower cost than many other developers of pest management products. For example, we have moved each of Regalia, Grandevo, Venerate and Zequanox through development, EPA approval and first U.S. launch in approximately four years or less at a cost of $3 million to $6 million. Thereafter, we have continued to develop and refine these products producing new formulations, applying for expanded use labels, and seeking new markets, in each case at a cost of less than $10 million per product line. In comparison, a report from Phillips McDougall shows that the average

cost for major agrichemical companies to bring a new crop protection product to market has been over $250 million, and these products have historically taken an average of nearly ten years to move through development, regulatory approval and market launch.

Proprietary Discovery Process

Our discovery process allows us to efficiently discover microorganisms and plant extracts that produce or contain compounds that display a high level of pesticidal activity against various pests. After we identify pesticidal activity, we subject the microorganisms and plant extracts to tests to determine effects on plant growth, nutrient uptake and drought and salt stress. We then use various analytical chemistry techniques to identify and characterize the natural product chemistry of the compounds, which we optimize and patent. Four of our product candidates, one of which is EPA-approved, are what we believe to be newly identified microorganism species. We believe that four of our product candidates produce novel compounds that we identified, and four of our product candidates have been found to have, or produce compounds with, a novel mode of action. Our proprietary discovery process is protected by patents on the microorganisms, their natural product compounds and their uses for pest management, as well as a patent application we have filed on a screening process to identify enzyme-inhibiting herbicides. We also maintain trade secrets related to the discovery, formulation, process development and manufacturing capabilities. By conducting our own discovery as well as working with outside collaborators, we are able to access the broadest range of products for commercialization, giving us an advantage over other natural bio-based pest management companies.

Management Team with Significant Industry Experience

Our management team has deep experience in bio-based pest management products and the broader agriculture industry. Our chief executive officer and other key employees average over 25 years of experience and include individuals who have led agrichemical sales and marketing organizations, top scientists and industry experts, some of whom have served in leadership roles at large multinational corporations and governmental agencies, commercialized multiple products, brought multiple products through EPA, state and foreign regulatory processes, filed patent applications and received patents, led groundbreaking research studies and published numerous scientific articles. In addition, our chief financial officer brings over 30 years of financial management experience spanning a variety of industries, including over 13 years of service as several public companies’ chief financial officer. Our general counsel has over 30 years of experience (25 years with public companies) in senior legal, sales and operating roles, including general counsel, vice president of sales and chief operating officer.

Our Growth Strategy

Accelerate Adoption of New Products, Product Applications and Product Lines

Our goal is to provide growers with complete and effective solutions to a broad range of pest management and plant health needs. Due to the competitive nature of the industry and the seasonality of crop growing, speed is essential to ensure widespread adoption. Accordingly, we have launched targeted placements of our products with early adopters in the United States relatively early in the product commercialization stage and for a limited number of indications. These growers, many of whom have unmet market needs, help us to troubleshoot and refine our products and to maximize their value proposition, enabling us to efficiently develop new formulations and expand uses and market penetration with minimal up-front capital investment per product line. We also believe we will be able to leverage growers’ positive experiences using our Regalia, Grandevo and Venerate product lines to accelerate adoption of new products, product applications and product lines. We believe product diversity allows us to compete with larger companies, to strengthen relationships with growers and distributors and not to be dependent on any one product or product category. Further, by offering and developing multiple products simultaneously, we believe we are perceived as a technology leader and can gain the benefits of increased momentum with distributors and end users. We will continue to target early adopters of new pest management and plant health technologies with controlled product launches and to educate growers and water resource managers about the benefits of bio-based pest management products through demonstrations to accelerate commercial adoption of our products.

Deliberately Expand Applications of Our Product Lines

We want growers to know and trust that our products work. Although our initial EPA-approved master labels cover our products’ anticipated crop-pest use combinations, we launch early formulations of our pest management and plant health products to targeted customers under commercial labels that list a limited number of crops and applications that our initial efficacy data can best support. We then gather new data from experiments, field trials and demonstrations, gain product knowledge and get feedback to our research and development team from customers, researchers and agricultural agencies. Based on this information, we enhance our products, refine our recommendations for their use in optimal integrated pest management programs, expand our commercial labels, and submit new product formulations to the EPA and other regulatory agencies. For example, we began sales of Regalia SC, an earlier formulation of Regalia, in the Florida fresh tomatoes market in 2008, while a more effective formulation of Regalia with an expanded master label, including listing for use in organic farming, was under review by the EPA. When approved, we launched this new formulation into the Southeast United States in 2009 and nationally in 2010. In 2011, we received EPA approval of a newly expanded Regalia master label covering hundreds of crops and various new uses for applications to soil and through irrigation systems, and we recently expanded sales of Regalia in large-acre row crops as a plant stimulus product, in addition to its beneficial uses as a fungicide. Similarly, ongoing field development research on the microbe used in our insecticide product Venerate led to our October 2015 registration of Majestene (MBI-305) as a nematicide. We believe we have opportunities to broaden the commercial applications and expand the use of our existing products lines into several key end markets, including large-acre row crop applications, seed treatment, forestry, and public health to help drive significant growth for our company.

Focus on Proven Technology Families

We discover and develop more than one product line based on the same technology. For example, the Burkholderia microbe on which Venerate is based is also active against a broad range of nematodes, enabling development as our bionematicide product candidate, Majestene (MBI-305), and produces several herbicidal compounds, enabling development as our bioherbicide product candidate, MBI-010. In addition, our product candidates MBI-110 and MBI-507 are based on microbial fermentations of a newly identified Bacillus strain we isolated using our proprietary screening platform, and the Chromobacterium species on which Grandevo is based may also yield a promising bionematicide product, which we have begun development as MBI-304. Developing multiple products based on the same microbe allows for a more efficient use of research, development and manufacturing resources and enables us to leverage capital invested in existing technologies.

Continue to Develop and Commercialize New Products in Both Existing and New Markets

Our goal is to rapidly and efficiently develop, register and commercialize new products each year, with the goal of developing a full suite of pest management and plant health products. For example, while our current crop protection products address plant diseases and insects, we are developing products that can also control nematodes and weeds as well as products for improving fertilizer efficiency and reducing drought and salt stress. Our bioassay screening has identified at least four microbes that display activity against blue-green algae associated with toxic algal blooms, which have resulted in seasonal closures of some drinking water supplies in the Great Lakes region, and we are seeking partners to move these early-stage discoveries forward.

Target International Markets

Expanding international sales is an important component of our growth strategy, but the global markets for pest management products are intensely competitive. Our plan is to focus on key countries and regions with the largest and fastest growing biopesticide and plant health product markets for specialty crops and selected row crops. We intend to work with regional and country distributors who have brand recognition and established customer bases and who can conduct field trials and grower demonstrations and lead or assist in regulatory processes and market development.

Leverage Manufacturing Capabilities

We initially used third-party manufacturers to produce all of our products on a commercial scale. In 2014, we completed the repurpose of a manufacturing facility that we purchased in July 2012 by installing three 20,000 liter fermentation tanks and constructing a dedicated building to house them, which has enabled us to manufacture in-house the majority of our products. We believe that greater control of our own manufacturing capacity allows us to scale-up processes and institute process changes more quickly and efficiently while ultimately lowering manufacturing costs over time to achieve the desired margins and protecting the proprietary position of our products. We continue to use third party manufacturers for Venerate and for spray-dried powder formulations of Grandevo and Zequanox.

Our Products

Commercially Available Products

The table below summarizes our current portfolio of commercially available biopesticide products, which have been able to move through development, EPA approval and first U.S. market launch in four years or less and at a cost of $3.0 million to $6.0 million. We have continued to develop and refine these products after initial launch, producing new formulations, applying for expanded use labels, and seeking new markets.


NAME	MARKET	TARGET	USE	STATUS
Regalia	Crop Protection, Home and Garden, Turf	Plant Disease/ Plant Health	Protects against fungal and bacterial diseases and enhances yields	Commercially Available Domestically and Internationally

Grandevo	Crop Protection, Home and Garden, Turf	Insects and Mites	Controls a broad range of sucking and chewing insects through feeding	Commercially Available Domestically

Zequanox	Water Treatment	Invasive Mussels (In-Pipe and Open Water Habitat Restoration)	Controls invasive mussels that restrict water flow in industrial and power facilities and harm recreational waters	Commercially Available Domestically and in Canada

Venerate	Crop Protection, Home and Garden, Turf, Animal Health	Insects and Mites	Controls sucking and chewing insects on contact	Commercially Available Domestically

Regalia

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Biofungicide

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Crop Protection, Home and Garden, Turf: Targets Plant Disease, Improves Plant Health, Increases Yields

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Commercially Available Internationally

Regalia, a plant extract-based fungicidal biopesticide, or “biofungicide,” is EPA-registered for crop and non-crop uses and approved for use on foliage and roots in all states in the United States, including California and Florida, where the majority of the specialty crops are grown. It is also approved for sale in Brazil (tomatoes, potatoes, dried beans), Ecuador (flowers), Mexico (citrus and tree fruit, berries, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, cucurbits, flowers, potatoes and grapes), Turkey (covered vegetables), Canada (tomatoes, grapes, strawberries, cucurbits, apples, turf, blueberries, hops (emergency use), ornamental plants and wheat), Peru (grapes and quinoa), South

Africa (grapes), and Panama, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras (potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, tobacco, cucurbits, beans, avocados, citrus, peanuts, papayas and strawberries). Registration efforts are currently underway in China, with Regalia demonstrating efficacy in government-conducted trials on tomatoes, cucurbits, strawberries and grapes. University researchers have extensively tested the product against several important plant diseases, especially against mildews. We, and our commercial partners, have also conducted hundreds of trials in the United States and abroad, including five years of crop trials in Europe. The data show that Regalia is an effective addition to a disease management program against a broad range of diseases and can increase yields in crops such as strawberries, tomatoes, potatoes, soybeans, rice, wheat, alfalfa, sugarcane and corn.

Regalia is made from an extract of the giant knotweed plant and acts by turning on a plant’s “immune system,” a process called induced systemic resistance. Regalia also enhances the efficacy of major conventional chemical fungicides, and we have received a patent application on this synergism. Regalia also is effective for seed treatment of soybean, corn and cotton, for which we have filed a patent application, and we have received a patent on the effects on root growth and yield when Regalia is applied to the seed or as a root stimulant. For example, in field tests and in actual grower use, Regalia has shown significant yield increases on strawberries, tomatoes, potatoes, soybeans, rice, wheat, alfalfa, sugarcane and corn, with less irrigation required for strawberries treated with Regalia.

We obtained an exclusive license relating to the technology used in our Regalia product line while Regalia was in the process development and formulation stage of product development. In addition to developing the supply chain to commercially market the product, using our natural product chemistry expertise, we developed an analytical method to measure and characterize the major compounds in the plant extract, and we enhanced these compounds several times in new formulations, providing Regalia with a broader spectrum of activity and better efficacy than the original licensed product. In addition, we improved the physical properties of our Regalia formulations and developed four formulations that meet organic farming standards. We have filed several patent applications with respect to these innovations. In addition, we have received a U.S. patent for modulating plant growth by treating roots of plants with Regalia (or other compounds or extracts of knotweed), and transplanting the plants into soil. We have also received a patent on the synergistic combination of Regalia or knotweed extract and some important chemical fungicides.

We launched Regalia SC, an earlier formulation of Regalia, into the Florida fresh tomatoes market in December 2008. This formulation had a limited label with a few crops and uses on the label and it was not compliant for organic listing. In 2009, we began sales of Regalia based plant health products in the United Kingdom (under the name Sentry R by Plant Health Care) and Ecuador (under the name Milsana), and we later received a revised, broader label with hundreds of crops for a new organic formulation, which we subsequently launched into the Florida vegetables and Arizona leafy greens markets. In January 2010, we received state approval in California and immediately launched Regalia into the leafy greens and walnuts markets. Key markets include vegetables in the southeast, citrus in Florida, leafy greens and vegetables in California and Arizona, walnuts and stone fruit in California and pome fruit and grapes in California and the Pacific Northwest. In December 2011 and August 2012, we received EPA approval and California regulatory approval, respectively, for an expanded Regalia label that includes new soil applications, instructions for yield improvement in corn and soybeans and additional crops and target pathogens. Our product for row crops is sold separately as Regalia Rx and for international markets, where the Regalia trademark is allowed, as Regalia Maxx. We submitted Regalia for registration in the European Union, which is one of the largest fungicide markets in the world. We received regulatory approval for Regalia in South Africa in June 2013, in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras in December 2013, in Peru in March 2014, in Colombia in June 2014, in Tunisia and Morocco in late 2014 and in Brazil, for tomato, potato and dry beans, in December 2014. We have recently received EPA approval for three new formulations (12%, 16% and a solvent-free 5%), which will be used for market segmentation and replacement of existing formulations.

Regalia, Regalia Maxx and Regalia Rx are USDA National Organic Program compliant and OMRI-USA/OMRI-Canada certified.

Grandevo

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Bioinsecticide

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Crop Protection, Home and Garden, Turf: Targets Insects and Mites

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Commercially Available Domestically, International Expansion Efforts Underway

Grandevo is based on a new species of microorganism, Chromobacterium subtsugae, which was discovered by a scientist at the USDA in Beltsville, Maryland, and which we have licensed and commercialized. Grandevo is a powerful feeding inhibitor: insects and mites become agitated when encountering it and will not feed and starve, or, if they do ingest it, die from disruption to their digestive system. Grandevo also has repellent effects on and reduces egg hatching and reproduction of target insects and mites. Grandevo is particularly effective against chewing insects (such as caterpillars and beetles) and sucking insects (such as stinkbugs and mealybugs, as well as thrips and psyllids, which are respectively known as “corn lice” and “plant lice”). Trials to date and reports from grower use have shown instances of commercial levels of efficacy as good as the leading conventional chemical pesticides on a range of chewing and sucking insect and mite pests, including two invasive species of psyllid affecting citrus and potato crops. Grandevo has also shown significant control of other pests such as plant-feeding fly larvae, mosquitoes, and white grubs in turf grass, “leafmining” caterpillar larvae and other leaf-eating caterpillars. Grandevo has also shown efficacy against corn rootworm, a major pest of corn, which has reportedly been resistant to corn engineered for rootworm control. Grandevo has shown efficacy against other soil pests, including white grubs, wireworms, and root maggots. Field trials are ongoing to further characterize Grandevo’s efficacy.

We obtained a co-exclusive license for the bacterial strain used in our Grandevo product line while Grandevo was undergoing primary screening as a potential product candidate. Since licensing the microorganism, we completed the testing and development necessary to produce and commercialize an EPA-approved product and have filed our own patent applications with respect to the microorganism, including its genome, synergistic combinations with conventional chemical pesticides, product formulations containing the bacterial strain as well as the chemistry produced by the microorganism upon which Grandevo is based. We have an issued U.S. patent on one of these novel compounds produced by the bacteria and novel insecticidal and nematicidal uses.

We placed a prototype liquid formulation of Grandevo on a targeted basis under a limited label into the Florida citrus crop market in 2011. Commencing in the summer of 2012, we launched a dry formulation of Grandevo in markets across the United States where state registrations have been approved, targeting key markets, including citrus, tomatoes, peppers, strawberries, potatoes, leafy greens and other fruits and vegetables. This dry formulation was approved by the EPA in May 2012 and has been registered in 49 of 50 states (Hawaii pending) as well as Puerto Rico. In May 2013, we received EPA approval for a revised label reflecting Grandevo’s safety for bees. In addition, we submitted the registration dossier for Grandevo to Mexico and Canada and for emergency use in Brazil in October 2014. Grandevo has received completeness determination from the European Commission and is now cleared to begin the evaluation for Annex 1 listing and commercialization in the European Union. A June 2015 policy decision by the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority and a Working Group of EU Member States has allowed Grandevo, which contains only non-viable Chromobacterium subtsugae cells, to be evaluated as a microbial pesticide. Until this recent EU decision, only pesticides containing live microbes could be evaluated under EU regulation. Grandevo is being assessed under the Netherlands Government’s “Green Deal” Initiative, which has been created with an aim to “speed up the sustainability of PPPs (plant protection products) in agriculture and horticulture by facilitating the authorization of green PPPs with a low risk for humans, animals and the environment.” Efficacy trials recently completed in Europe will be used to support uses of Grandevo for the control of whitefly and thrips in Solanaceae (tomato, pepper and aubergine) and Cucurbitaceae (melon, cucumber and squash) crops.

Grandevo is USDA National Organic Program compliant and OMRI-USA/OMRI-Canada certified.

Zequanox

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Biomolluscicide

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Water Treatment: Targets Invasive Mussels (In-Pipe and Open Water Habitat Restoration)

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Commercially Available in United States and Canada

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USDA “BioPreferred” Program Certified Product

Zequanox addresses the problem of invasive zebra and quagga mussels, which clog pipes, disrupt ecosystems, encrust infrastructure and blanket beaches with razor-sharp shells. These mussels cause approximately $1.0 billion in damage and associated control costs annually in parts of the United States alone. There are limited treatment options available, many of which are time-consuming and costly, or harm aquatic flora and fauna. Zequanox is a biomolluscicide derived from a common microbe found in soil and water bodies, Pseudomonas fluorescens. Zequanox is an environmentally friendly, bio-based pest management product that is designed to kill over 75% of invasive mussels in treated pipe systems without causing collateral ecological damage. In July 2012, we conducted an open water trial in Deep Quarry Lake, Illinois, where the Zequanox treatment killed more than 90% of the tested mussels on the lake bed. This level of control in open water treatments was repeated in 2013. We generated revenues for treating an Oklahoma Gas & Electric facility 2012 and 2013 and a First Light & Power facility along the Housatonic River in Connecticut in 2014. In addition, Zequanox was used by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Minnehaha Creek Watershed District’s Aquatic Invasive Species Program to treat a recent infestation of these invasive mussels in Christmas Lake, resulting in 100% control of the mussels in the tested area. Zequanox is approved in Canada and is the only product EPA-approved for open water application in the United States other than copper, which is rarely used due to its negative environmental effects.

At recommended application rates, Zequanox is not toxic to other aquatic life, including ducks, fish, crustaceans and other bivalve species such as native clams or mussels. Zequanox is safe to workers, less labor intensive and requires shorter treatment times compared with conventional chemical pesticides. Zequanox can be used by power plants and raw water treatment facilities as an alternative to conventional chemical treatments such as chlorine, or as a complement to those products.

We entered into a license agreement with The University of the State of New York pursuant to which we were granted an exclusive license under the University’s rights relating to the bacterial strain used in our Zequanox product line while the product’s natural product chemistry was still under investigation. Since then, we have developed dry powder formulations, significantly improved the fermentation process for higher cell yield, allowing us to increase manufacturing scale, and we have filed patent applications relating to natural product compounds in the Zequanox cells we have identified and product formulations we have developed. In addition, we have received $1.1 million in grants from the National Science Foundation for work needed to commercialize the bacterial strain in Zequanox, which is currently being marketed and sold directly to U.S. power and industrial companies.

Due to prioritization constraints, we have not committed resources to Zequanox sufficient to market it full-scale and substantially improve margins. However, we are currently in discussions with large water treatment companies to further develop Zequanox and expand it commercially. In addition, we continue to work with state, federal and bi-national partners via the Great Lakes Commission’s Invasive Mussel Collaborative and the EPA’s Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to further develop Zequanox in the Great Lakes/Upper Mississippi River Basin as a habitat restoration tool and potential harmful algal bloom management tool (as zebra and quagga mussels selectively feed on beneficial algae while rejecting toxic blue-green algae).

Venerate

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Bioinsecticide

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Crop Protection, Home and Garden, Turf and Ornamentals, Animal Health: Targets Insects and Mites

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Commercially Available Domestically

Venerate is based on a microbial fermentation of a new bacterial species we isolated using our proprietary discovery process. We have identified compounds produced by the microorganism in Venerate that control a broad range of chewing and sucking insects and mites, as well as flies and plant parasitic nematodes, on contact, which is complementary to the anti-feeding effects of Grandevo. In addition, because we currently sell Venerate in a liquid formulation and Grandevo in a powder formulation, we are seeking to exploit opportunities for market segmentation, including for combinations with liquid fertilizer and for low-volume aerial applications. Venerate was approved by the EPA in February 2014 and we began to sell in May 2014. We submitted Venerate for the Canadian Pest Management Regulatory Agency registration in April 2014 and submitted the registration dossier for Venerate to Mexico in April 2014. We have conducted field trials on several crops and insects and mites, many of which show efficacy as good as leading conventional chemical pesticides. Venerate has shown positive results in field trials against soil insects of corn, wheat and soybeans, applied both in-furrow and as seed treatments, and has shown broad spectrum activity across a wide range of pests, including Asian citrus psyllid, corn rootworm, stinkbugs, caterpillars and weevils. Additional trials are in progress in 2015.

We have filed patent applications on the microorganism and the natural product compounds that demonstrate insecticidal and nematicidal activity, as well as product formulations containing the microorganism. Venerate is USDA National Organic Program compliant and OMRI-USA/OMRI-Canada certified.

Product Pipeline

Our pipeline consists of product candidates in various stages of development, including biostimulant and plant health products that do not require EPA registration, products submitted to the EPA for registration, and other promising product candidates under development, as well as other early-stage discoveries. In 2014, we prioritized our pipeline candidates, focusing first on those are expected to have the greatest near-term growth potential. We are seeking collaborations with third parties to develop and commercialize more early stage candidates.

Majestene (MBI-305)

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Bionematicide

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Crop Protection, Turf: Targets Nematodes

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EPA Approved; Under Development

Majestene (MBI-305) is a bionematicide product candidate that we are developing based on the microorganism used in Venerate. This nematicide is active against a broad range of nematodes, and in field trials it has been as effective as or better than the leading conventional chemical nematicide against soybean cyst, root knot, lesion, stunt, reniform, lance and burrowing nematodes. Crops tested include soybean, corn, cotton, turf, tomato, potato and banana. Usage for Majestene as a nematicide was approved by the EPA in connection with its approval of the labels for Venerate in 2014, and a modified label with refined rates, nematode species and crops was approved in October 2015. We have filed a patent application for use of the bacterial strain in Majestene for use as a nematicide. We expect to do a targeted placement of Majestene with key, early adopter growers in 2015, with a broader launch in 2016.

Haven (MBI-505)

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Anti-transpirant

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Crop Protection, Turf, Ornamentals: Enhances Crop Yields and Plant Health

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EPA Exempt; Under Development

Haven (MBI-505), a plant health product candidate that helps prevent plants from drying out, or “anti-transpirant,” is based on a technology of naturally-derived, plant-based compounds that we licensed from Kao Corporation for use in the United States. The licensed patents are directed to methods of promoting plant growth and increasing biomass and crop yield. We have been actively developing new formulations and conducting field trials showing that Haven protects and enhances yields by reflecting heat from leaves, which reduces plant water lass, allowing plants to thrive better in sun-stressed environments. 2014 field trials in the United States and Chile demonstrated a reduction in sun-stressed fruit and an increase in quality characteristics on citrus, apples and grapes, increased yields on walnuts, almonds and wheat, often equal to or better than the commercial standard, and increased turf growth. Unlike competitor products, Haven does not leave an undesirable white deposit on crops.

MBI-010

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Bioherbicide

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Crop Protection, Home and Garden, Turf: Targets Weeds

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Under Development

MBI-010 is based on the same species of bacteria used to produce Venerate, which we isolated using a proprietary discovery process that identifies herbicides that inhibit a certain plant enzyme. MBI-010 produces several herbicidal compounds, some of which are novel, that are rapidly taken up by germinating seeds and by the roots of seedling and mature weeds. MBI-010 has demonstrated effectiveness against a range of weeds, including weeds resistant to leading conventional chemical herbicides, either after or before the weeds’ emergence. MBI-010 has also demonstrated a novel mode of action (inhibiting histone deacetylase enzymes), and some of its active compounds are transmitted systemically through the vascular structure of weeds. We have filed a patent application with respect to the MBI-010 formulation uses, and its associated natural product compounds as an herbicide. We also received a U.S. patent on the process we used to discover MBI-010, and certain other bioherbicides. We are working on formulations to provide the needed commercial shelf life stability and efficacy and fermentation processes to increase yields and lower costs. We expect to submit MBI-010 to the EPA in 2016.

MBI-601

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Biofumigant

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Crop Protection, Home, Industrial: Targets Plant Disease, Nematodes and Insects

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Under Development

MBI-601 is a biofumigant based on a novel and proprietary genus of fungus, Muscodor, which was discovered by a scientist at Montana State University. We obtained a co-exclusive license for several strains and species of this fungus, which produces a suite of gaseous natural product compounds that have been shown to control certain species of harmful fungi and bacteria that cause plant diseases and to control nematodes and some insect species. We believe that MBI-601 may be used for agricultural and industrial applications, including post-harvest control of fruit and flower decay and pre-planting control of plant diseases and nematodes, as a viable alternative to methyl bromide and other chemical fumigants, which are subject to significant regulatory restrictions and for which few effective, non-toxic alternatives are available. We submitted MBI-601 to the EPA in April 2014. In 2014, we obtained a license to an artificial mixture of the gaseous compounds produced by the Muscodor fungus, which extends the potential uses of this technology by enabling development of products at a potentially lower cost and better shelf stability than versions using the living fungus.

MBI-110

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Biofungicide and Plant Health

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Crop Protection, Home and Garden: Targets Plant Disease, Improves Plant Health

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Under Development

MBI-110 is based on microbial fermentations of a newly identified Bacillus strain we isolated using our proprietary screening platform. MBI-110 is being developed as a biofungicide, targeting difficult to control plant diseases such as Sclerotinia white molds, gray mold and downy mildews. We have identified compounds, some of which are novel, produced by the microorganism in MBI-110 that control a broad range of plant diseases. We have filed a U.S. patent application covering fungicidal uses and have received notice of allowance of related claims. We expect to submit MBI-110 product to the EPA by early 2016. Several field trials were conducted in 2014 in Europe and the United States in 2013 and 2014 that showed good efficacy against white molds and downy mildews.

Other Candidates

In addition to the above, we have developed patented technology relating to a number of other product candidates, including MBI-304, a bionematicide product candidate based on the microorganism used in Grandevo, MBI-011 and MBI-005, bioherbicides that have received EPA approval, MBI-302, a bionematicide with an EPA registration package that is nearly complete. We are also developing MBI-507, a plant health product and plant root and growth biostimulant based on the living spores of the microorganism used in Venerate, and we filed a U.S. patent application covering uses for growth promotion applications and have received notice of allowance of these claims. We are seeking collaborations with third parties to develop and commercialize certain of these and other promising early-stage candidates, but as resources permit, we may choose to move some of these product candidates forward internally.

We have also discovered several microorganisms with algaecidal activity and over 25 additional fungicide, herbicide, insecticide and nematicide candidates using our proprietary screening platform. In addition, we have produced a collection of microorganisms from taxonomic groups that research suggests may enhance nutrient uptake in plants, reduce stress and otherwise increase plant growth.

Our Discovery and Product Development Process

Our proprietary technology comprises a sourcing process for microorganisms and plant extracts, an extensive proprietary microorganism collection, microbial fermentation technology, screening technology and a process to identify and characterize natural compounds with pesticidal activity. Our technology enables us to isolate and screen naturally occurring microorganisms and plant extracts in an efficient manner and to identify those that may have novel, effective and safe pest management or plant health promoting characteristics. We then analyze and characterize the structures of compounds either produced by selected microorganisms or found in plant extracts to identify product candidates for further development and commercialization. We have screened more than 18,000 microorganisms and 350 plant extracts, and we have identified multiple product candidates that display significant levels of activity against insects, nematodes, weeds, plant diseases and invasive species such as zebra and quagga mussels, aquatic weeds and algae. We also have produced a collection of microorganisms from taxonomic groups that may enhance nutrient uptake in plants, reduce stress and otherwise increase plant growth. Our product candidates come primarily from our own discovery and development as well as in-licensed technology from universities, corporations and governmental entities.

Our proprietary product development process includes several important components. For all of our product candidates, we develop an analytical method to detect the quantity of the active natural product compounds that are produced by the microorganism or that are extracted from plants. For microbial products, we develop unique proprietary fermentation processes that increase the active natural compounds produced by the microorganisms. We also scale-up fermentation volumes to maximize yields consistently in each batch. Similarly, for our plant extract-based products, we develop a manufacturing process that increases the amount of active natural compounds extracted from plant materials.

Our deep understanding of natural product chemistry allows us to develop fermentation and formulations that optimize the concentrations, efficacy and stability of compounds produced by microorganisms or plants. These methods allow us to produce products that are highly effective and of a consistent quality on a commercial scale. With the successful commissioning of our manufacturing facility, we have added a wealth of know-how and demonstrated an ability to produce products that are effective and of a consistent quality on a commercial scale.

Our commercial products are sold in various formulations are tailored to meet customers’ needs and display performance characteristics such as effectiveness, shelf life, compatibility with other pesticides and ease of use. Our senior management’s numerous years of experience in the development of commercial products and formulations have resulted in a highly efficient product development process.

Our discovery and development process is illustrated in the following diagram:

LOGO

Discovery

We have found over 25 candidates for commercial development from our proprietary discovery process, including Venerate, a new bacterial species and bioinsecticide, MBI-011, a burndown bioherbicide, MBI-010, a systemic bioherbicide, MBI-302 and MBI-303, bionematicides, MBI-110, a biofungicide, and MBI-507, for plant health, as well as several bioalgaecides, additional biofungicides, bioherbicides and bionematicides and plant growth enhancers. Key aspects of our discovery process include:

Collection and isolation. Using our years of experience, we target selected habitats and niches of high biodiversity to collect soil, compost, insects, flowers, or other biological matter from which we isolate our proprietary microorganisms on proprietary media. We capture information in a microorganism database such as taxonomic groups, geographical locations, types of samples, niches and habitats where collected and biological activity. We also isolate microorganisms that improve the efficiency of plants to uptake nitrogen and phosphorous. In addition to isolating our own microorganisms, which make up approximately 90% of our collection, we have had collaborations with three companies plus the Scripps Institution of Oceanography to diversify our sourcing of microorganisms.

Fermentation. For our microbial products, before testing the selected microorganisms for activity against pests, we ferment them to produce sufficient quantities for testing. We grow the selected microorganisms in proprietary media, which maximizes their pesticidal properties. In addition, we use proprietary fermentation processes that are designed to replicate those that would be required for large-scale fermentation and commercial production, avoiding the time and expense of an unsuccessful scale-up.

Primary screening. We use automated, miniaturized biological assays to test the selected microorganism’s or plant extract’s effectiveness against several weed, insect and nematode pests and plant pathogens and algae. We compare those results to conventional chemical pesticide standards. When a microorganism shows a high level of pesticidal activity, we conduct further tests to determine the spectrum of activity, mode of action, stability and activity on plants. We also test for the microorganisms’ ability to reduce plant stress and promote growth.

Novel and proprietary screening methods for weeds and nematodes. We have used proprietary assays based on specific enzymes that find systemic herbicidal compounds from microorganisms, one of which is subject of a pending patent covering identification of compounds that act systemically through plants’ vascular systems. We have developed a rapid, efficient method to find microorganisms that produce compounds with a high level of activity against plant parasitic nematodes.

Natural product chemistry. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection technology, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we compare the natural product compounds produced by each of the selected microorganisms with known compounds. This allows us to eliminate those microorganisms that produce known toxins and to select those that we believe are novel and safe. From the selected microorganisms, we identify and characterize the natural product compounds responsible for their pesticidal activity by using HPLC, LCMS, GC-MS and NMR equipment. We then develop analytical methods to measure the quantity of these compounds in individual fermentation batches, determine the quantities needed to maximize efficacy and to insure consistent levels of these compounds from batch to batch.

Genetic identification. After confirming pesticidal activity during our primary screen, we perform the initial genetic identification of the microorganisms. Further characterization of the genome of our early stage candidates is contracted with one of several genome sequencing service companies. This characterization allows us to

determine novelty compared to discoveries from others, the relatedness to human or animal pathogens, genes for compounds that are not expressed in fermentation or detected by our chemists, and information about the

possible mode of action on the target pest. We also file additional patent applications based on the results of these genetic identification processes.

Product Development

We believe that by maintaining a strong reputation in the industry, many opportunities come to us for development in addition to our own discoveries from our in-house efforts. Once we discover or are brought an opportunity, we make a preliminary assessment of the commercial potential of a natural product determined through laboratory, greenhouse and initial field tests. We then select product candidates we have discovered in-house or in-licensed for further development. Key aspects of our product development include:

Development of the manufacturing process that maximizes the active natural product compounds. For our microbial biopesticide products, we develop proprietary processes that increase the yield of both the microorganism and the active natural product compounds produced by the microorganism during fermentation. Similarly, for our plant extract-based products, we develop proprietary processes that increase the amount of active natural compounds extracted from plant materials. This process development allows us to produce products that have superior performance. For our microbial products, we then scale-up these proprietary processes in progressively larger fermentation tanks. We develop quality control methods based on the active natural product compounds rather than just the microorganisms or plant extracts. This approach results in a more consistent and effective product.

Formulation. We are able to develop proprietary water-soluble powder, liquid and granule formulations that allow us to tailor our products to customers’ needs. This allows us to develop product formulations with enhanced performance characteristics such as effectiveness, value, shelf life, suitability for organic agriculture, water solubility, rain resistance, compatibility with other pesticides and ease of use. Formulation is critical to ensuring a bio-based pest management and plant health product’s performance. Our understanding of the natural product chemistry allows us to develop formulations that maximize the effectiveness and stability of the compounds produced by the microorganisms or plants.

Field testing. We conduct numerous field trials for each product candidate that we develop. These field trials are conducted in small plots on commercial farms or research stations by our own field development specialists as well as private and public researchers to determine large-scale effectiveness, use rates, spray timing and crop safety. We conduct crop protection product field trials globally in both hemispheres to accelerate the results of our field trials and provide alternate season learning opportunities. As the crop protection product candidate nears commercialization, we conduct demonstration trials on the farm. These trials are conducted with distributors, influential growers and food processors on larger acreages. For Zequanox, we have been working with large power and industrial customers both in the United States and Canada to obtain field trial data to help with product commercialization efforts and to obtain efficacy data.

Sales, Marketing and Distribution

In the United States, we sell our products through our own internal sales force, which consists of nine employees focused on managing distributor relationships and creating grower demand for our products. In addition, a dedicated team of four employees provide technical service support to both our customers and sales representatives on the use of our products in integrated pest management programs, both for conventional growers as well as for an expanding number of organic growers. Our sales force covers all major regions in the United States, including California and the Pacific Northwest, the Southeast, the Northeast, the Mid-Atlantic and the Midwest regions. We currently sell our crop protection product lines, Regalia, Grandevo and Venerate, through leading agricultural distributors such as Crop Production Services, Chem-Nut and members of the Integrated Agribusiness Professionals group. These are the same distribution partners that most major agrichemical companies use for delivering solutions to growers across the country. For our water treatment product line, Zequanox, we are seeking sales and distribution partners for in-pipe and open water uses. Zequanox is currently being marketed and sold directly to a selected group of U.S. power and industrial companies.

With respect to sales outside of the United States, we have signed exclusive international distribution agreements for Regalia with major international distributors such as FMC (for certain markets in Latin America), Syngenta

(for markets in Africa, Europe and the Middle East) and Engage Agro (for markets in Canada and professional turf and ornamental plant markets in the United States). We also intend to work with regional and country distributors who have brand recognition and established customer bases and who can conduct field trials and grower demonstrations and lead or assist in regulatory processes and market development. For example, we are in discussions and have testing agreements with distributors in Brazil, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe and for certain foreign markets for Grandevo and Venerate.

We derived approximately 91%, 95%, 96% and 94% of our revenues from Regalia and Grandevo for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 and the six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively. In addition, we currently rely, and expect to continue to rely, on a limited number of distributors for a significant portion of our revenues since we sell through highly concentrated, traditional distribution channels. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our top two distributors accounted for 43% of our total revenues, with Crop Production Services and Helena Chemicals accounting for 30% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively.

While the biopesticide industry has been growing, customers in the crop production sector and the water treatment sector are generally cautious in their adoption of new products and technologies and may perceive bio-based pest management products as less attractive than conventional chemical pesticides. Growers often require on-farm demonstrations of a given pest management or plant health product, and given the relative novelty of our water treatment products, consumers of those products will continue to require education on their use. We are implementing the following strategies to accelerate adoption rates and promote sales of our bio-based pest management and plant health products:

Establish a focused and effective sales and marketing team that shares our values. We were seriously and negatively impacted by the departures of our former chief operating officer, who led our sales and marketing teams, and significant members of our sales staff in the third quarter of 2014. Over the last year, we have been rebuilding our sales and marketing teams, including hiring highly experienced personnel to train our sales force and seeking a new head of marketing to guide an expanded marketing department. In addition, we are more effectively organizing the data and educational material that we have amassed over nine years of operations on our bio-based products as well as organic and sustainable agricultural practices in order to train and equip our sales staff to communicate with and educate distributors and growers. We believe that hiring and training a sales and marketing staff with high level of technical expertise and knowledge regarding the capabilities of our bio-based products is essential to expanding adoption of our products by growers and sales to distributors.

Develop an extensive demonstration program. We believe that for growers to be convinced that a bio-based pesticide or plant health product works, they often must see it for themselves. Growers risk their crop each time they try a new product, and often produce only one crop per year on any given plot of land. Further, bio-based pesticide and plant health products are often applied differently and at different times than conventional chemical pesticides, so may be used incorrectly by an inexperienced grower or advisor, decreasing efficacy. We typically conduct on-farm demonstrations with growers in the first year they try one of our products on smaller plots of land, to ensure successful application, promoting the continued use of our products in future years across more acres. In addition, we work with distributors to determine which crops to emphasize in a given year and area to maximize the effectiveness of our demonstration program.

Target early adopters of new pest management technologies. For crop protection products, we target large commercial growers in the United States, who generally set industry standards through more widespread adoption of new pest management technologies they initially test on portions of their crops. We also target organic growers, who are more willing to take risks on new products as they have had few alternatives and great demand for increased yields. We plan to continue to recruit these growers and their consultants to participate in demonstrations and field trials, enabling them to become familiar with our bio-based pest management and plant health products, to experience their benefits firsthand and to promote the use of our products with other growers in their regions. For Zequanox, we have developed strategic relationships with early adopters in the power generation business to do efficacy demonstrations while perfecting the formulations and application of the product.

Educate growers and water resource managers about the benefits of our bio-based pest management products. We will continue to perform on-farm and in-facility demonstrations and provide field data packages to support and validate our products claims. We will also continue to participate in trade shows and conferences to educate growers, their licensed pest control advisors and water resource managers about the benefits of our bio-based pest management products. When in the field, our sales and technical service team members have access to a wealth of information regarding our products and on pre-loaded tablet computers to assist in solving growers’ and distributors’ problems real-time. We have provided a free application for mobile phones users to assist in calculating tank mix quantities, as well as a webinar and an online course on bio-based pest management products, which can be taken by growers for continuing education credit to maintain crop protection product applicator licenses. We intend to continue and expand our efforts to work with utilities, which we believe will create increased demand for Zequanox in adjacent market spaces beyond the power and industrial treatment opportunities we are currently targeting.

Develop and leverage relationships with key industry influencers. We will continue to develop relationships early in the product development process with influential members within our target markets, including large innovative growers, technical experts at leading agricultural universities, licensed pest control advisors, wineries, food processors, produce packers, retailers and power facilities. We believe that educating industry influencers about the benefits of Regalia, Grandevo, Venerate, Zequanox and our future products increases the likelihood that they will recommend our products to our distributors and end users.

Focus our own sales and marketing on the United States, while signing strategic agreements for international markets, turf, ornamental plants and consumer retail. Because of the concentration of large growers in the United States, we can access these customers through our own sales force. For international markets for Zequanox, we intend to develop strategic partnerships with large suppliers and distributors of water products. For Regalia, we have signed distribution agreements with leading agrichemical companies and regional distributors. For Grandevo, Venerate and future products, distribution agreements will be developed with regional and national distributors or large multinationals on a case-by-case basis, depending on their expertise in the regions. We have engaged distributors that are selling Regalia in Canada for specialty crops, in the United States for turf and ornamental plants, and in parts of the Midwest United States for row crops. We have also engaged a distributor, Engage Agro, who is selling Grandevo and Regalia in the United States for turf and ornamental plants, as Grandevo PTO and Regalia PTO, respectively. We have an exclusive relationship with Scotts Miracle-Gro for the consumer retail market, and have recently submitted dossiers to Canadian regulators for consumer retail uses of Regalia and Grandevo, as part of our relationship with Scotts Miracle-Gro.

Manufacturing

We have substantially transitioned our manufacturing process in-house to our Bangor, Michigan facility which was formerly used as a biodiesel plant prior to our acquisition in July 2012. Biopesticide formulation, microbial fermentation and product packaging are among the facility’s core competencies. We believe in-house manufacturing enhances control and flexibility in production while lowering manufacturing costs over time to achieve desired margins, in addition to strengthening intellectual property security. The facility has significant room for expansion to install drying capacity and larger fermenters to accommodate production of multiple products at higher volumes.

We produced the first test batch of Grandevo and produced small-scale amounts of Regalia at this facility in the last quarter of 2013. We now ferment our Grandevo and Zequanox products in our manufacturing facility, but use a third-party contractor for formulating them into spray-dried powders. The facility also accommodates full-scale production of Regalia. While we have the ability to produce the majority of our products using our own manufacturing capacity, we currently exclusively use third parties to manufacture Venerate, and we expect to continue to utilize third-party manufactures for supplemental production capacity to meet excess seasonal demand. Once manufactured, we may use our own facility or third parties to package and label products.

The active ingredient in our Regalia product line is derived from the giant knotweed plant, which we obtain from China. We have scaled production of Regalia using a single supplier to acquire raw knotweed from numerous regional sources and perform an extraction process on this plant and create a dried extract that is shipped to our manufacturing plant for production and packaging. We do not maintain a long-term supply contract with this supplier. While there can be no assurance that we will continue to be able to obtain dried giant knotweed plant extract from our supplier in China at a competitive price point, we estimate that our current supply of the ingredient will be sufficient to manufacture product to meet the next 12 months’ demand. Should we elect or be required to do so, we do not believe that we would have substantial difficulty in finding an alternative supplier as we have identified and received quality knotweed from a number of new possible suppliers, although there can be no assurance that we will continue to be able to obtain dried extract from China at a competitive price point.

Research and Development

As of September 30, 2015, we had 45 full-time equivalent employees dedicated to research and development and patent related activities, seven of whom hold Ph.D. degrees, plus four sales and field development personnel who focus on technical support and demonstration and research field trials. Our research and development team has technical expertise in microbiology, natural product and analytical chemistry, biochemistry, fermentation, entomology, nematology, weed science, plant physiology, plant pathology and aquatic sciences. Our research and development activities are principally conducted at our Davis, California facility as well as by our field development specialists on crops and mussel-infested facilities in their respective regions. We have reduced the size of our research and development staff compared to prior periods as part of our measures to streamline business operations, but we have made, and will continue to make, substantial investments in research and development. Our research and development expenses, including patent expenses, were $19.3 million, $17.9 million, $12.7 million and $6.8 million in fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 and the six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively.

Intellectual Property Rights

We rely on patents and other proprietary right protections, including trade secrets and proprietary know-how, to preserve our competitive position. As of September 30, 2015, we had 23 issued U.S. patents and 64 issued foreign patents (of which 5 U.S. patents and 25 foreign patents were in-licensed), 31 pending provisional and non-provisional patent applications (of which one was in-licensed), and 189 pending foreign patent applications (of which 6 were in-licensed) relating to microorganisms and natural product compounds, uses and related technologies. As of September 30, 2015, we had received 16 U.S. trademark registrations and had 7 trademark applications pending in the United States. As of September 30, 2015, we also had received 59 trademark registrations and had 12 trademark applications pending in various other countries.

When we find a microbial product in our screen that kills or inhibits one or more pests or pathogens in at least three replicated tests and identify the microorganism and its associated chemistry, we file a patent application claiming any one or more of the following:

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the microorganism, its DNA products, as well as mutations and other derivatives;

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the use of the microorganism for pest management;

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novel natural product compounds, their analogs and unique mixtures of compounds produced by the microorganism;

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the new use of known natural product compounds for pest management;

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formulations of the microorganism or compounds; and

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synergistic mixtures of the microorganism or compounds with conventional chemical or other pesticides.

One of our commercially available products and certain of our lead product candidates are based on microbes we have identified using our proprietary discovery process, including Venerate, MBI-305 and MBI-010, which are based on a Burkholderia bacterium, and with respect to which we have 7 issued patents and have 44 pending patent applications (both U.S. and foreign), and MBI-110 and MBI-507, which are based on a Bacillus strain with respect to which we have one issued patents and have 12 pending patent applications (both U.S. and foreign).

We have also entered into in-license and research and development agreements with respect to the use and commercialization of Regalia, Grandevo and Zequanox, as well as certain products under development, including Haven (MBI-505) and MBI-601. Under the licensing arrangements for our commercially available products, we are obligated to pay royalty fees between 2% and 5% of net sales of these products, subject in certain cases to aggregate dollar caps. The exclusivity and royalty provisions of these agreements are generally tied to the expiration of underlying patents. For Regalia, the licensed patent is related to a method of extraction of knotweed. These patents acquired for Regalia and in-licensed for Zequanox will expire in 2017, although we have filed separate patent applications with respect to both product lines and have been issued two U.S. patents with respect to Regalia and one for Zequanox. In addition, the in-licensed U.S. patent for Grandevo is expected to expire in 2024, but there is a pending in-licensed patent application relating to Grandevo that could expire later than 2024, if issued, and we have also filed separate patent applications for Grandevo of which three have been issued on a novel compound and uses for nematodes and corn rootworm. While third parties thereafter may develop products using the technology under the expired patents, we do not believe that they can produce competitive products without infringing other aspects of our proprietary technology, and we therefore do not expect the expiration of the patents or the related exclusivity obligations to have a significant adverse financial or operational impact on our business. Certain additional information regarding the intellectual property associated with commercially available products based in part on in-licensed technology follows:

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Regalia. We entered into an exclusive license agreement with a company co-founded by Dr. Hans von Amsberg, a former employee of German chemical producer BASF, in May 2007 for U.S. and limited international use of a U.S. patent and technology used in our Regalia product line. We have also filed patent applications with respect to new formulations of Regalia. Two U.S. patents have been issued on the synergistic combinations with biopesticides and conventional chemical pesticides and one patent has been issued on the new uses for soil and roots.

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Grandevo. We entered into a co-exclusive license agreement with the USDA in November 2007 for the use in the United States of a U.S.-issued patent and a U.S. patent application relating to the Chromobacterium subtsugae bacteria used in our Grandevo product line. We have filed patent applications on the compounds produced in the bacterial cells, gene sequences, new uses for the Chromobacterium subtsugae bacteria and for new uses and new formulations of our Grandevo product line. Four U.S. patents have been issued, on a novel compound produced by the bacteria, use for corn rootworm populations and for nematode control. While a second company has licensed the USDA’s patent with respect to the Chromobacterium subtsugae bacteria and could develop products based on the same underlying intellectual property, we have not provided this company access to the proprietary technology we have developed relating to Grandevo.

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Zequanox. We entered into a license agreement with The University of the State of New York in December 2009 pursuant to which we were granted an exclusive license under the University’s rights for the worldwide use of a U.S.-issued patent and a Canadian-issued patent relating to the Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria used in our Zequanox product line. One U.S. patent has been issued on the natural, mussel-killing compounds in the bacteria, and we have filed patent applications relating to various Zequanox active ingredients.

Regulatory Considerations

Our activities are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign governmental regulations. These regulations may prevent us or our collaborators from developing or commercializing products in a timely manner

or under technically or commercially feasible conditions and may impose expenses, delays and other impediments to our product development and registration efforts. In the United States, the EPA regulates our bio-based pest management products under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA) and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). In addition, some of our plant health products are regulated as fertilizers or biostimulants in each of the fifty states.

In 2004, the United States Congress passed the Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act, which was reauthorized in 2007 and 2012, a result of efforts from an industry coalition of pesticide companies and environmental groups, to codify pesticide approval times in return for user fees. This law facilitates faster approval times for biopesticides, with EPA approvals typically received within 16 to 24 months, compared with 36 months or longer for conventional chemical pesticides. Registration processes for state and foreign governments vary between jurisdictions and can take up to 12 months for state governments such as California and New York and up to 36 months or more for foreign governments. In some instances, California and Canada will conduct joint reviews with the EPA, which allows some pesticides to receive concurrent approvals in California, Canada and the United States. However, in most instances, most foreign government submissions will not occur until after a U.S. registration has been secured. To register a crop protection product with the EPA, companies must demonstrate the product is safe to mammals, non-target organisms, endangered species and the environment. To demonstrate the bio-based pest management product’s safety, required studies must be conducted that evaluate mammalian toxicology, toxicological effects to non-target organisms in the environment (ecotoxicological exposures) and physical and chemical properties of the product. The registration dossier is subject to both scientific and administrative reviews by EPA scientists and management before registration approval. The scientific review involves thorough evaluation of submitted data and completion of risk assessments for human dietary and ecotoxicological exposures. Upon completion of this process, the registration package, including the proposed label, is sent to the Office of General Council for legal review. The final step in the registration process is administrative sign-off by the EPA director of the Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division.

In addition to EPA approval, we are required to obtain regulatory approval from the appropriate state regulatory authority in individual states and foreign regulatory authorities before we can market or sell any pest management product in those jurisdictions. Foreign governments typically require up to two seasons of locally generated field efficacy data on crop-pest combinations before a product dossier can be submitted for review. California and foreign jurisdictions also require us to submit product efficacy data, which the EPA historically has not required, but may request.

While these regulations substantially increase the time and cost associated with bringing our products to market, we believe that our management team’s significant experience in bringing our and other companies’ technologies through EPA, state and foreign regulatory approval, efficient development process, and ability to leverage our strategic collaborations to assist with registrations, particularly in Europe and Latin America, will enable us to overcome these challenges.

Since our plant health products (which are classified by the EPA as biostimulants) are not used to control pests, they currently fall outside the legal scope of FIFRA, FFDCA and FQPA and, therefore, we do not need to submit applications for EPA registrations for such products. However, we must still submit state registrations for our plant health products, and those containing microbes of foreign origin may also need to “deregulated” (or determined not to be a plant pest) under the Plant Protection Act by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service prior to use in field trials or for large scale release. Nevertheless, the regulatory process is significantly accelerated compared to that for biopesticides.

Regalia. The EPA granted approval for the Regalia SC formulation in August 2008, for the Regalia 5% (Regalia) formulation in May 2009, for the Regalia 20% (Regalia Maxx) formulation in January 2010 and for a “ready to use” consumer formulation in January 2010. Regalia is currently registered in all U.S. states. We have also

registered Regalia Maxx in Brazil, Mexico, Canada, South Africa, Ecuador, Turkey, Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru, the Dominican Republic, Morocco and Tunisia. We submitted an Annex 1 registration dossier to the European Union. Our Regalia registration package has completed initial review by regulatory authorities in the United Kingdom, which is serving as lead for completing the Annex 1 (active substance) listing of Regalia for the European Union. The UK-generated risk assessment has completed its technical review by the European Food Safety Authority, and it is currently being reviewed by the European Commission for Annex 1 listing consideration. In addition to obtaining the Annex 1 listing, we must obtain Annex 3 authorization approval from each country in which we plan to market and sell products. “Regalia Maxx” will be marketed as “Sakalia” by Syngenta in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

Grandevo. In August 2011 and May 2012, the EPA granted approval for the Grandevo insecticide “technical grade active ingredient” and a wettable powder formulation, respectively. This wettable powder formulation is registered in all 50 states as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. In May 2013, we received EPA approval for a revised label reflecting Grandevo’s safety for bees. In addition, we submitted the registration dossier for Grandevo to Mexico and we also received permission to field test Grandevo in Brazil, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa allowing us to prepare the dossiers for submission in those countries. We submitted dossiers for Grandevo registration in Europe and Canada in 2015, with the Netherlands recently finding the Grandevo dossier meeting “completeness check” requirements in July 2015 and officially starting the dossier review for the EU. Grandevo is also currently being field evaluated in a Brazilian government sponsored emergency use program to control an outbreak of Heliocoverpa armigera infestations in cotton and soya. Grandevo was submitted to the emergency use program in October 2014 and is under active review and field evaluation by Brazilian regulatory agencies. Concurrently, we have other field trials either underway or planned in Brazil for 2015 on a variety of insect pests, in order to have additional crop-pest uses added to the regulatory dossier and label.

Zequanox. In July 2011, the EPA granted a conditional approval of the “technical grade active ingredient” in an early formulation of Zequanox. A spray-dried powder formulation, which is an improvement over the “end product” approved in July 2011, was approved in March 2012, and this formulation is now commercially available. We have also received approval for Zequanox use in hydroelectric plants in Canada in November of 2012. We received EPA approval for open water uses in June 2014. Currently, Zequanox is being evaluated by several U.S. and Canadian federal, state and provincial entities as an invasive mussel eradication, native mussel habitat restoration and harmful algal bloom prevention tool in the Great Lakes regional under the auspices of government programs. In pipe and open water labels have been approved in all targeted states, with the exception of California where in pipe uses are currently registered and the open water use label is under evaluation.

Venerate. In February 2014, the EPA granted approval for Venerate. Venerate is currently registered in 49 states and Puerto Rico, with registration pending in Hawaii. In 2014, we submitted Venerate registration dossiers in Canada and Mexico. Several key regulatory efficacy trials to support Venerate Annex 1 listing in Europe have been completed and ongoing 2015 work will enable us to submit a dossier for Venerate in 2016. As with Grandevo, Venerate is also currently being field evaluated in a Brazilian government sponsored emergency use program to control an outbreak of Heliocoverpa armigera infestations in cotton and soya. Venerate also was submitted to the emergency use program in October 2014 and is under active review by Brazilian regulatory agencies. Concurrently, we have other field trials either underway or planned in Brazil for 2015 on a variety of insect pests, in order have broader uses available.

As with any pesticide, our pest management products will continue to be subject to review by the EPA and state regulatory agencies. The EPA has the authority to revoke the registration or impose limitations on the use of any of our pest management products if we do not comply with the regulatory requirements, if unexpected problems occur with a product or the EPA receives other newly discovered adverse information. See Part I-Item 1A-“Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Strategy—Our inability to obtain regulatory approvals, or to comply with ongoing and changing regulatory requirements, could delay or prevent sales of the products we are developing and commercializing.” Our research and development activities are also subject to federal, state and

local worker safety, air pollution, water pollution and solid and hazardous waste regulatory programs and periodic inspection. We believe that our facilities are in substantial compliance with all applicable environmental regulatory requirements.

Competition

For pest management products, performance and value are critical competitive factors. To compete against manufacturers of conventional chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops, we need to demonstrate the advantages of our products over these more established pest management products. Many large agrichemical companies are developing and have introduced new conventional chemical pesticides and genetically modified products that they believe are safer and more environmentally friendly than older conventional chemical products.

The pest management market is very competitive and is dominated by multinational chemical and life sciences companies such as Arysta, BASF, Bayer, Dow Agrosciences, DuPont, FMC, Monsanto, Sumitomo Chemical and Syngenta. Universities, research institutes and government agencies may also conduct research, seek patent protection and, through collaborations, develop competitive pest management products. Other companies, including bio-specialized biopesticide businesses such as AgraQuest (now a part of Bayer), Certis USA (now a part of Mitsui), Novozymes (in a joint venture with Monsanto) and Valent Biosciences (now a part of Sumitomo) may prove to be significant competitors in the bio-based pest management and plant health market.

In many instances, agrichemical companies have substantially greater financial, technical, development, distribution and sales and marketing resources than we do. Moreover, these companies may have greater name recognition than we do and may offer discounts as a competitive tactic. There can be no assurance that our competitors will not succeed in developing pest management products that are more effective or less expensive than ours or that would render our products obsolete or less competitive. Our success will depend in large part on our ability to maintain a competitive position with our technologies and products.

Employees

In connection with our recent changes in business strategy, we have significantly reduced overall headcount, while building a new sales and marketing organization which provides for increased training and a better ability to educate and support customers as well as transitioning our product development staff to undertake greater responsibility for technical sales support, field trials and demonstrations to promote sales growth. As of September 30, 2015, we had 86 full-time equivalent employees, of whom nine hold Ph.D. degrees. Approximately 45 employees are engaged in research and development and patent related activities, 16 in sales and marketing (including four sales and field development personnel who focus on technical support and demonstration and research field trials) and 25 in management, operations, accounting/finance and administration. None of our employees are represented by a labor union.

Restatement

Matters relating to or arising from the Audit Committee investigation, the Restatement and weaknesses in our internal controls, including adverse publicity, regulatory inquiries and litigation matters, have caused us to incur significant legal, accounting and other professional fees and other costs, have exposed us to greater risks associated with other civil litigation, regulatory proceedings and government enforcement actions, have diverted resources and attention that would otherwise be directed toward our operations and implementation of our business strategy and may have impacted our ability to attract and retain customers, employees and vendors. The impacts on our business related to these matters are discussed further elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including under the Explanatory Note to this report, in Part I–Item 1A–“Risk Factors–Risks Relating to our Financial Reporting Process,” Note 21, Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited), to the consolidated financial statements included in this report and elsewhere in this report.

Corporate Information

We were originally incorporated in the State of Delaware in June 2006 as Marrone Organic Innovations, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 1540 Drew Avenue, Davis, CA 95618. Our telephone number is (530) 750-2800. Our website address is www.marronebioinnovations.com.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, growth prospects and the trading price of our common stock.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Strategy

We have a limited number of commercialized products, have incurred significant losses to date and anticipate continuing to incur losses in the future, and we may not achieve or maintain profitability.

We are an early stage company with a limited number of commercialized products. We have incurred operating losses since our inception in June 2006, and we expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future. At December 31, 2014 and 2013 and June 30, 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of $159.8 million, $108.2 million and $182.7 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 and the six months ended June 30, 2015, we had a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $51.7 million, $32.6 million, $40.8 million and $22.9 million, respectively. As a result, we will need to generate significant revenues to achieve and maintain profitability. If our revenues grow more slowly than anticipated, or if operating expenses exceed expectations, then we may not be able to achieve profitability in the near future or at all, which may depress our stock price.

Through June 30, 2015, we have derived substantially all of our revenues from sales of Regalia and Grandevo. In addition, we have derived revenues from strategic collaboration and development agreements for the achievement of testing validation, regulatory progress and commercialization events, and from sales of other products. Accordingly, there is only a limited basis upon which to evaluate our business and prospects. Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to market and sell other products, such as Zequanox and Venerate, as well as our ability to increase sales of Regalia and Grandevo and to introduce new products. An investor in our stock should consider the challenges, expenses, and difficulties we will face as a company seeking to develop and manufacture new types of products in a relatively established market. We expect to derive future revenues primarily from sales of Regalia, Grandevo, Zequanox, Venerate and other products, but we cannot guarantee the magnitude of such sales, if any. We expect to continue to devote substantial resources to expand our research and development activities, further increase manufacturing capabilities and expand our sales and marketing activities for the further commercialization of Regalia, Grandevo, Zequanox, and Venerate, and other product candidates. We expect to incur additional losses for the next several years and may never become profitable.

We may require additional financing in the future to meet our business requirements and to service our debt. Such capital raising may be costly or difficult to obtain and could dilute current stockholders’ equity interests, and we may be unable to repay our secured indebtedness.

In our August 2015 private placement transaction, we issued senior secured promissory notes in the initial aggregate principal amount of $40.0 million, which accrues interest at a rate of 8% per annum, with $10 million payable 3 years from the closing, $10 million payable 4 years from the closing and $20 million due 5 years from the closing. In addition, in June 2014, we borrowed $10.0 million pursuant to a promissory note with a bank, which accrues interest at a variable interest rate, currently at 5.25% per annum, and which is repayable in monthly payments through June 2036, and we completed private placements in October 2012 and April 2013 of promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $12.45 million, which accrues interest at 18% through maturity in October 2017. The debt agreements with respect to these transactions contain various financial and other covenants, as discussed below, and our obligations under the loan agreements are secured by all of our personal property assets and general intangibles.

As we expect to continue to incur losses until we are able to significantly grow our revenue, we may need additional financing to meet the financial covenants or pay the principal and interest under our debt agreements,

as well as to maintain and expand our business. We may seek additional funds from public and private stock offerings, corporate collaborations and licenses, borrowings under lease lines of credit or other sources. Additional capital may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders, and debt financing, if available, may include restrictive covenants. In addition, our existing loan agreements contain certain restrictive covenants that either limit our ability to, or require a mandatory prepayment if we incur additional indebtedness and liens and enter into various specified transactions. We therefore may not be able to engage in any of the foregoing transactions unless we obtain the consent of our lenders or prepay the outstanding amounts under the term loan agreements, which could require us to pay additional prepayment penalties. In addition, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital financing, including investment banking fees, legal fees, accounting fees, securities law compliance fees, printing and distribution expenses and other costs. We also may be required to recognize non-cash expenses in connection with certain securities we issue, such as warrants, which may adversely impact our financial results.

Certain of our debt agreements also contain financial covenants, including maintaining minimum current, debt-to-worth and loan-to-value ratios and certain cash balance requirements, in addition to provisions providing for an event of default if there is a material adverse change in our financial condition and if we are in default under certain of our other agreements. While we are not currently in default under any of these agreements, and none of our lenders have previously declared an event of default on our indebtedness, prior to our recent receipt of waivers from our lenders, we had not been in compliance with certain of these covenants. In addition, if we fail to pay any principal or interest under our indebtedness when due, or are otherwise in violation of the covenants under our debt agreements, this may result in the acceleration of our indebtedness, and we may not have sufficient funds to repay that indebtedness.

We expect that our current resources and future operating revenue will be sufficient to fund operations for at least the next 12 months. If we cannot raise more money when needed, or are unable to use our future working capital, borrowings or equity financing to repay or refinance the amounts outstanding under our debt agreements or to renegotiate our debt arrangements with lenders, we may have to reduce our capital expenditures, scale back our development of new products, reduce our workforce or license to others products that we otherwise would seek to commercialize ourselves. Further, we may not be able to continue operating if we do not generate sufficient revenue from operations needed to stay in business, and we may be required to seek protection from creditors through bankruptcy proceedings. See Part II-Item 7-“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.

Our business may fail if we are not able to increase sales of our four commercialized products.

Our future success will depend on our ability to significantly increase sales from the bio-based pest management products we have commercialized, both domestically and abroad. Our initial sales of our primary formulation of Regalia and our initial formulation of Grandevo occurred in the fourth quarter of 2009 and the fourth quarter of 2011, respectively, we began selling Zequanox in the second half of 2012, and we began to sell Venerate, a bioinsecticide, in May 2014. However, while we have invested considerable resources in the launch of these products, to date, various factors have impeded anticipated growth in sales of these products.

For example, we believe adverse conditions in the U.S. agricultural industry, including low commodity prices, may have reduced demand for our products. Further delays in regulatory approvals of certain of our products in Europe and other jurisdictions may slow international growth, and any delay in a product launch that causes us to miss a growing season may require us to wait a year to enter that market. The extended drought in California and other markets has reduced demand for our products, as fewer acres are planted and certain of our strategic collaborations have not resulted in anticipated increases in sales of Regalia outside of the Unites States. Due to prioritization constraints, we have not committed resources to Zequanox sufficient to market it full-scale, and our collaboration efforts with regard to this product may not result in increased sales. In addition, the departures of our former chief operating officer and significant members of our sales staff in the third quarter of 2014 and subsequent turnover in our sales and marketing department disrupted the 2014 launch of Venerate as well as growth in sales of our other commercialized products, including Regalia and Grandevo.

Lower than expected sales growth may increase write-offs and inventory obsolescence if we are not be able to use raw materials or sell finished goods before they expire, and may result in higher proportional operating expense levels, increases in our costs of goods sold and decreases in product margins, as we are unable to manufacture products as efficiently at low volumes and underutilization of our Bangor, Michigan manufacturing facility results in increased relative overhead and operating costs, in addition to decreased allocation of depreciation and other costs to production and inventory. If we are unable to establish a successful sales and marketing infrastructure internally and increase sales of our commercialized products, our financial results will be adversely affected, our available cash and ability to raise additional capital will decrease, and our business may fail.

We have limited experience in marketing and selling our products and will need to expand our sales and marketing infrastructure.

We currently have limited sales and marketing experience and capabilities. As of September 30, 2015, we employed 16 full-time equivalent sales and marketing personnel, four of which focus on technical support and demonstration and conducting field trials. Many of these sales personnel are recent hires for us following the departures of our former chief operating officer, who led our sales and marketing teams, and significant members of our sales staff in the third quarter of 2014. These personnel have required significant training to attain a high level of technical expertise and knowledge regarding the capabilities of our bio-based products compared with conventional chemical pest management products and techniques in order to educate growers and independent distributors on the uses and benefits of our products. We will need to further develop our sales and marketing capabilities and find partners in order to successfully increase sales of our commercially available products and to commercialize other products we are developing, which may involve substantial costs. There can be no assurance that our specialists and other members of our sales and marketing team will successfully compete against the sales and marketing teams of our current and future competitors, many of which may have more established relationships with distributors and growers. Our inability to recruit, train and retain sales and marketing personnel or their inability to effectively market and sell the products we are developing could impair our ability to gain market acceptance of our products and cause our sales to suffer.

If we are unable to maintain and further establish successful relations with the third-party distributors that are our principal customers, or they do not focus adequate resources on selling our products or are unsuccessful in selling them to end users, sales of our products will be adversely affected.

In the United States, we rely on independent distributors of agrichemicals such as Crop Production Services and Wilbur Ellis to distribute and assist us with the marketing and sale of Regalia, Grandevo, Venerate and other products we are developing. These distributors are our principal customers, and our future revenue growth will depend in large part on our success in establishing and maintaining this sales and distribution channel. However, there can be no assurance that our distributors will be successful in selling our products to end users, or will focus adequate resources on selling them, and they may not continue to purchase or market our products for a number of reasons.

For example, many distributors lack experience in marketing bio-based pest management and plant health products, which generally must be used differently than conventional chemical pesticides. Distributors may not continue to market our products if they receive negative feedback from end users, even if we believe our products are being blamed for damage to treated plants caused by other pesticides with which our products have been combined (whether properly or improperly). In addition, many of our distributors are in the business of distributing and manufacturing other, possibly competing, pest management and plant health products, including internally developed and commercialized bio-based products as well as bio-based products developed by larger agrichemical companies that negotiate to “bundle” such specialty products with other high demand products. As a result, our distributors may earn higher margins by selling competing products or combinations of competing products. Further, in 2014 and 2015, our Audit Committee investigation, Restatement work and external investigations imposed additional work on our distributors, which has been perceived negatively in some cases, and distributors may also react negatively to additional “sell-through” reporting requirements we may require of

them to apply our own revenue recognition policies. If we are unable to establish or maintain successful relationships with independent distributors, we will need to further develop our own sales and distribution capabilities, which would be expensive and time-consuming and the success of which would be uncertain.

The product candidates we select for development and commercialization may fail to generate significant revenues, and we may not be able to successfully enter into strategic collaborations with respect to our other product candidates.

In 2014, we began to implement a prioritization plan to focus our research and development on products that are expected to have the greatest near-term growth potential. Accordingly, we are currently limiting our internal efforts on five product candidates, Majestene (MBI-305), a bionematicide for which we have initiated a target placement, MBI-010, a bioherbicide, and MBI-110, a biofungicide, both of which we plan to submit to the EPA in 2016, Haven, a plant health product that does not require EPA registration, and MBI-601, a biofumigant that we submitted to the EPA in April 2014. We are also seeking collaborations with third parties to develop and commercialize certain promising early-stage candidates.

Successful development of product candidates will require significant additional investment, including costs associated with research and development, completing field trials and obtaining regulatory approval, as well as the ability to manufacture our products in large quantities at acceptable costs while also preserving high product quality. Difficulties often encountered in scaling up production include problems involving production yields, quality control and assurance, shortage of qualified personnel, production costs and process controls. In addition, we are subject to inherent risks associated with new products and technologies. These risks include the possibility that any product candidate may:

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be found unsafe;

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be ineffective or less effective than anticipated;

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fail to receive or take longer to receive necessary regulatory approvals;

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be difficult to competitively price relative to alternative pest management solutions;

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be harmful to consumers, growers, farm workers or the environment;

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be harmful to crops when used in connection with conventional chemical pesticides;

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be difficult or impossible to manufacture on an economically viable scale;

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be subject to supply chain constraints for raw materials;

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fail to be developed and accepted by the market prior to the successful marketing of similar products by competitors;

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be impossible to market because it infringes on the proprietary rights of third parties; or

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be too expensive for commercial use.

Our decisions regarding which product candidates to pursue may cause us to fail to capitalize on product candidates that could have given rise to viable commercial products and profitable market opportunities. In addition, we may not be successful in entering into new arrangements with third parties, on favorable terms or at all, with respect to product candidates we do not pursue internally.

Adverse weather conditions and other natural conditions can reduce acreage planted or incidence of crop disease or pest infestations, which can adversely affect our results of operations.

Production of the crops on which our products are typically applied is vulnerable to extreme weather conditions such as heavy rains, hurricanes, hail, tornadoes, freezing conditions, drought, fires and floods. Weather conditions can be impacted by climate change resulting from global warming, including changes in precipitation patterns and the increased frequency of extreme weather events, or other factors. Unfavorable weather conditions

can reduce both acreage planted and incidence (or timing) of certain crop diseases or pest infestations, each of which may reduce demand for our products. For example, in 2013 and 2012, the United States experienced nationwide abnormally low rainfall or drought, reducing the incidence of fungal diseases such as mildews and the demand for fungicides, such as Regalia. These conditions have been present in some of our key markets through both 2014 and 2015 as well, and have also resulted in further reductions in acreage planted throughout California and the Pacific Northwest. Shortened bloom cycles relating to changes in weather patterns also could reduce the amount of pesticides and plant health products used during a growing season. For example, in 2014, the Florida citrus market experienced a shortened bloom cycle as a result of changes in weather patterns, which negatively affected our sales of Grandevo in the Florida market. In addition, ideal weather conditions can reduce the incidence of diseases and pest infestations and increase yields without the use of additional pesticide and plant health applications. Increased yields can also reduce commodity prices causing growers to make a decision not to increase costs by reducing the amount of pesticides and plant health products used during a growing season. Since all of our products have different margins, changes in product mix due to these conditions could affect our overall margins.

If our ongoing or future field trials are unsuccessful, we may be unable to obtain regulatory approval of, or commercialize, our products on a timely basis.

The successful completion of multiple field trials in domestic and foreign locations on various crops and water infrastructures is critical to the success of our product development and marketing efforts. If our ongoing or future field trials are unsuccessful or produce inconsistent results or unanticipated adverse side effects on crops or on non-target organisms, or if we are unable to collect reliable data, regulatory approval of our products could be delayed or we may be unable to commercialize our products. In addition, more than one growing or treatment season may be required to collect sufficient data and we may need to collect data from different geographies to prove performance for customer adoption. Although we have conducted successful field trials on a broad range of crops, we cannot be certain that additional field trials conducted on a greater number of acres, or on crops for which we have not yet conducted field trials, will be successful. Moreover, the results of our ongoing and future field trials are subject to a number of conditions beyond our control, including weather-related events such as drought or floods, severe heat or frost, hail, tornadoes and hurricanes, or low or no natural occurrence of the pests intended for testing. Generally, we pay third parties such as growers, consultants and universities, to conduct field tests on our behalf. Incompatible crop treatment practices or misapplication of our products by these third parties or lack of sufficient occurrence of the identified pests in nature for a particular trial could impair the success of our field trials.

Our inability to obtain regulatory approvals, or to comply with ongoing and changing regulatory requirements, could delay or prevent sales of the products we are developing and commercializing.

The field testing, manufacture, sale and use of pest management products, including Regalia, Grandevo, Zequanox, Venerate, Majestene and other products we are developing, are extensively regulated by the EPA and state, local and foreign governmental authorities. These regulations substantially increase the time and cost associated with bringing our products to market. If we do not receive the necessary governmental approvals to test, manufacture and market our products, or if regulatory authorities revoke our approvals, do not grant approvals in a timely manner or grant approvals subject to restrictions on their use, we may be unable to sell our products in the United States or other jurisdictions, which would result in our future revenues being less than anticipated.

We have received approval from the EPA for the active ingredients and certain end product formulations for Regalia, Grandevo, Zequanox, Venerate, Majestene, and MBI-011. As we introduce new formulations of and applications for our products, we will need to seek EPA approval prior to commercial sale. For any such approval, the EPA may require us to fulfill certain conditions within a specified period of time following initial approval. We are also required to obtain regulatory approval from other state and foreign regulatory authorities before we market our products in their jurisdictions, some of which have taken, and may take, longer than anticipated.

Some of these states and foreign countries may apply different criteria than the EPA in their approval processes. Although federal pesticide law preempts separate state and local pesticide registration requirements to some extent, state and local governments retain authority to control pesticide use within their borders.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain regulatory approval for marketing our additional products or new product formulations and applications we are developing. Although the EPA has in place a registration procedure for biopesticides like Regalia and Grandevo that is streamlined in comparison to the registration procedure for conventional chemical pesticides, there can be no assurance that all of our products or product extensions will be eligible for this streamlined procedure or that additional requirements will not be mandated by the EPA that could make the procedure more time consuming and costly for our future products.

Additionally, for California state registration and registration in jurisdictions outside of the United States, all products need to be proven efficacious for each proposed crop-pest combination, which can require costly field trial testing and a favorable result is not assured. Because many of the products that may be sold by us must be registered with one or more government agencies, the registration process can be time consuming and expensive, and there is no guarantee that the product will obtain all needed registrations. We have intentionally obtained registration in some jurisdictions and not in others. California is one of the largest and most important producers of agricultural products in the world. Because of its stringent regulation of pesticides and environmental focus, we also view California as one of the most natural and attractive markets for our products. However, California is also very stringent, is generally more time consuming and lacks legally mandated deadlines for its reviews of reduced-risk biopesticides. Therefore, gaining concurrent approvals with the EPA, other states and sometimes even other countries may not always be achievable. Even if we obtain all necessary regulatory approvals to market and sell our products, they will be subject to continuing review and extensive regulatory requirements, including periodic re-registrations. The EPA, as well as state and foreign regulatory authorities, could withdraw a previously approved product from the market upon receipt of newly discovered information, including an inability to comply with their regulatory requirements or the occurrence of unanticipated problems with our products, or for other reasons.

Bio-based pest management and plant health products are not well understood, which necessitates investment in customer education and makes effectively marketing and selling our products difficult.

The market for bio-based pest management and plant health products is underdeveloped when compared to conventional pesticides. Customers in the crop production sector and the water treatment sector are generally cautious in their adoption of new products and technologies. Growers often require on-farm demonstrations of a given pest management or plant health product. Initial purchases of the product tend to be conservative, with the grower testing on a small portion of their overall crop. As the product is proven, growers incorporate the product into their rotational programs and deploy it on a greater percentage of their operations. As a result, large scale adoption can take several growing seasons. Water treatment products must also pass efficacy and ecological toxicity tests. In addition, given the relative novelty of our water treatment products, consumers of those products will continue to require education on their use, which may delay their adoption.

In addition, customers have historically perceived bio-based pest management products as more expensive and less effective than conventional chemical pesticides. To succeed, we will need to continue to change that perception. To the extent that the market for bio-based pest management products does not further develop or customers elect to continue to purchase and rely on conventional chemical pesticides, our market opportunity will be limited.

The high level of competition in the market for pest management and plant health products may result in pricing pressure, reduced margins or the inability of our products to achieve market acceptance.

The markets for pest management and plant health products are intensely competitive, rapidly changing and undergoing consolidation. We may be unable to compete successfully against our current and future competitors, which may result in price reductions, reduced margins and the inability to achieve market acceptance for our products.

Many entities are engaged in developing pest management and plant health products. Our competitors include major multinational agrichemical companies such as Arysta, BASF, Bayer, Dow Agrosciences, DuPont, FMC, Monsanto, Sumitomo Chemical and Syngenta, some of which have developed bio-based products for our target markets, as well as specialized bio-based pesticide and plant health businesses such as AgraQuest (now a part of Bayer), Certis USA (now a part of Mitsui), Novozymes (in a joint venture with Monsanto) and Valent Biosciences (now a part of Sumitomo). Many of these organizations have longer operating histories, significantly greater resources, greater brand recognition and a larger base of customers than we do. As a result, they may be able to devote greater resources to the manufacture, promotion or sale of their products, receive greater resources and support from independent distributors, initiate or withstand substantial price competition or more readily take advantage of acquisition or other opportunities. Further, many of the large agrichemical companies have a more diversified product offering than we do, which may give these companies an advantage in meeting customers’ needs by enabling them to offer a broader range of pest management and plant health solutions.

Our product sales are expected to be seasonal and subject to weather conditions and other factors beyond our control, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate significantly quarterly and annually.

Sales of our crop protection products have been, and are generally expected to be, seasonal. Regalia and Grandevo, which accounted for the majority of revenues in recent periods, have historically been sold and applied to crops in greater quantity in the second and fourth quarters, with lowest sales in third quarter when there is the lowest pest and disease pressure in the United States. We expect this trend to continue in the future, but this seasonality could be reduced, or we could experience seasonality in different periods than anticipated, as a result of various factors, including if we expand into new geographical territories or introduce new fermentations or products with different applicable growing seasons, or if a more significant component of our revenue becomes comprised of sales of Zequanox, which has a separate seasonal sales cycle compared to our crop protection products.

Notwithstanding anticipated seasonality, we expect substantial fluctuation in sales year over year and quarter over quarter, and seasonality could be reduced, as a result of a number of variables on which sales of our products are dependent. Weather conditions, natural disasters and other factors affect planting and growing seasons and incidence of pests and plant disease, and accordingly affect decisions by our distributors, direct customers and end users about the types and amounts of pest management and plant health products to purchase and the timing of use of such products. In addition, disruptions that cause delays by growers in harvesting or planting can result in the movement of orders to a future quarter, which would negatively affect the quarter and cause fluctuations in our operating results. For example, late snows and cold temperatures in the Midwestern and Eastern United States in the first and second quarters of 2014 delayed planting and pesticide and other plant health applications. Customers also may purchase large quantities of our products in a particular quarter to store and use over long periods of time or time their purchases to manage their inventories, which may cause significant fluctuations in our operating results for a particular quarter or year. For example, we believe that we experienced higher sales of Regalia in the first quarters of 2012 and 2011 than in the second quarters of those years as a result of distributors ordering in advance of the application season, and low commodity prices may discourage growers from purchasing our products in an effort to reduce their costs and increase their margins for a growing season.

Our expense levels are based in part on our expectations regarding future sales. As a result, any shortfall in sales relative to our expectations could cause significant fluctuations in our operating results from quarter to quarter, which could result in uncertainty surrounding our level of earnings and possibly a decrease in our stock price.

We rely on the experience and expertise of our senior management team and other key personnel, and if we are unable to recruit or retain qualified personnel, our development and commercialization efforts may be significantly delayed.

We depend heavily on the principal members of our management, particularly Pamela G. Marrone, Ph.D., our founder, President and Chief Executive Officer, the loss of whose services might significantly delay or prevent

the achievement of our scientific or business objectives. Although we maintain and are the beneficiary of $10.0 million in key person life insurance policies for the life of Dr. Marrone, we do not believe the proceeds would be adequate to compensate us for her loss.

We have a lean staff, and rely on qualified sales and marketing, research and development and management personnel to succeed. For example, the departures of our former chief operating officer and significant members of our sales staff in the third quarter of 2014 and subsequent turnover in our sales and marketing department adversely impacted our business by disrupting the 2014 launch of Venerate as well as the growth in sales of our other commercialized products, including Regalia and Grandevo. The process of hiring, training and successfully integrating qualified personnel into our operation is a lengthy and expensive one. The market for qualified personnel such as experienced fermentation engineers and formulation chemists is very competitive because of the limited number of people available with the necessary technical skills and understanding of our technology and anticipated products, and few sales and marketing personnel have prior experience with bio-based products. Perceived instability and risk in our business has made it difficult to retain qualified personnel could impair our ability to meet our business objectives and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

If we or our third-party manufactures are unable to produce our products at a satisfactory quality, in a timely manner, in sufficient quantities or at an acceptable cost, our business could be negatively impacted.

We have transitioned the majority of our manufacturing processes in-house to our facility in Bangor, Michigan. If severe weather, a fire or natural disaster occurs, a contaminant grows in our fermentations, or a mechanical or labor problem leads to a reduced capacity or shutdown of our fermenters or other equipment, we may not be successful in producing the amount and quality of product we anticipate in the facility and our results of operations may suffer as a result.

We also continue to rely on third parties to formulate Grandevo and Zequanox into spray-dried powders and for all of our production of Venerate, and from time to time, we expect to use third-party manufacturers for supplemental production capacity to meet excess seasonal demand and for packaging. Our reliance on third parties to manufacture our products presents significant risks to us, including the following:

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reduced control over delivery schedules, yields and product reliability;

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price increases;

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manufacturing deviations from internal and regulatory specifications;

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the failure of a key manufacturer to perform its obligations to us for technical, market or other reasons;

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challenges presented by introducing our fermentation processes to new manufacturers or deploying them in new facilities;

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difficulties in establishing additional manufacturers if we are presented with the need to transfer our manufacturing process technologies to them;

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misappropriation of our intellectual property; and

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other risks in potentially meeting our product commercialization schedule or satisfying the requirements of our distributors, direct customers and end users.

We have not entered into any long-term manufacturing or supply agreements for any of our products, and we may need to enter into additional agreements for the commercial development, manufacturing and sale of our products. There can be no assurance that we can do so on favorable terms, if at all.

Our products have been produced in quantities sufficient to meet commercial demand. However, our dependence upon others for the production of a portion of our products, or for a portion of the manufacturing process,

particularly for drying, may adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize any products on a timely and competitive basis. If manufacturing capacity is reduced or eliminated at one or more of our third-party manufacturers’ facilities, we could have difficulties fulfilling our customer orders, and our net revenues and results of operations could decline.

We must accurately forecast demand for our products to obtain adequate and cost-effective capacity from our third-party manufacturers and to purchase certain of the raw materials used in our products at cost-effective rates. Our third-party manufacturers are not required to supply us products until we place and they accept our purchase orders, which generally occurs approximately one month prior to the anticipated product delivery date based on our own rolling forecasts. Our purchase orders may not be accepted and our third-party manufacturers may not be willing to provide us with additional products on a timely basis if they prioritize orders placed by other companies, many of whom are more established than us and order larger volumes of products. In addition, while raw material orders are generally placed one month in advance, because certain of the raw materials used in our products are in short supply or are subject to capacity demands, we place some raw material orders approximately six months in advance to avoid paying higher prices. Accordingly, if we inaccurately forecast demand for our products, we may be unable to meet our customers’ delivery requirements, or we may accumulate excess inventories of products and raw materials.

Failure to achieve expected manufacturing yields for our products could negatively impact our operating results.

Low yields may result from product design, development stage or process technology failures. We do not know whether a yield problem exists until our products are manufactured based on our design. When a yield issue is identified, the product is analyzed and tested to determine the cause. As a result, yield deficiencies may not be identified until well into the production process. We may experience inability to ramp up yields in our own manufacturing facility. In the event we continue to rely on third-party manufacturers, resolution of yield problems requires cooperation among, and communication between, us and our manufacturers. We have limited experience producing a number of our products at commercial scale, and we will not succeed if we cannot maintain or decrease our production costs and effectively scale our technology and manufacturing processes.

We rely on a single supplier based in China for a key ingredient of Regalia.

The active ingredient in our Regalia product line is derived from the giant knotweed plant, which we obtain from China. Our single supplier acquires raw knotweed from numerous regional sources and performs an extraction process on this plant, creating a dried extract that is shipped to our third-party manufacturer in the United States. Although we have identified additional sources of knotweed that appear to be reliable and of appropriate quality, there can be no assurance that we will continue to be able to obtain dried extract from China at a competitive price point.

Other ingredients used in the manufacturing of our products are also sourced from a limited number of suppliers. There can be no assurance that we will continue to be able to obtain such ingredients reliably and of appropriate quality at a competitive price point.

Our Zequanox product line requires additional development to become profitable, and our collaborative efforts on this product may not result in increased sales or gross margins.

Our Zequanox product line is principally designed to control invasive mussels that restrict critical water flow in industrial and power facilities and impinge on access to recreational waters. Although Zequanox requires additional development to become profitable, due to prioritization constraints, we have not committed resources to this product sufficient to market it full-scale and substantially improve gross margins. Our ability to generate significant revenues from Zequanox has been dependent on our ability to persuade customers to evaluate the costs of our Zequanox products compared to the overall cost of the chlorine treatment process, the primary

current alternative to using Zequanox, rather than the cost of purchasing chemicals alone. Sales of Zequanox have also remained lower than our other products due to the length of the treatment cycle, the longer sales cycle (the bidding process with utility companies and government agencies occurs on a yearly or multi-year basis) and the unique nature of the treatment approach for each customer based on the extent of the infestation and the design of the facility. We expect our near-term sales of Zequanox will continue to be to governmental agencies and regulated industries, which typically take longer to negotiate and approve contracts than the private sector. Further, we currently expect that our governmental sales may be subject to bidding procedures as well as uncertainties surrounding these agencies’ budget approval processes. We are pursuing partnerships to assist us in further developing Zequanox and expanding it commercially, but we may be unsuccessful in securing and maintaining collaboration efforts with regard to this product, and any such efforts may not result in increased sales or gross margins.

We depend on a limited number of distributors.

Our current revenues are derived from a limited number of key customers, each of which serves as a third-party distributor to our products’ end users. For the six months ended June 30, 2015, our top distributor, Crop Production Services, accounted for 27% of our total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our top two distributors accounted for 43% of our total revenues, with Crop Production Services and Helena Chemical accounting for 30% and 13% of our total revenues, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2013, our top distributor, Crop Production Services, accounted for 20% of our total revenues. We expect a limited number of distributors to continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. This customer concentration increases the risk of quarterly fluctuations in our revenues and operating results. The loss or reduction of business from one or a combination of our significant distributors could materially adversely affect our revenues, financial condition and results of operations.

Any decline in U.S. agricultural production could have a material adverse effect on the market for pesticides and on our results of operations and financial position.

Conditions in the U.S. agricultural industry significantly impact our operating results. The U.S. agricultural industry has contracted in recent periods, and can be affected by a number of factors, including weather patterns and field conditions, current and projected grain inventories and prices, domestic and international demand for U.S. agricultural products and U.S. and foreign policies regarding trade in agricultural products. State and federal governmental policies, including farm subsidies and commodity support programs, as well as the prices of fertilizer products and the prices at which produce may be sold, may also directly or indirectly influence the number of acres planted, the mix of crops planted and the use of pesticides for particular agricultural applications. There are various proposals pending before the U.S. Congress to cut or eliminate various agricultural subsidies. If such proposals are implemented, they may adversely impact the U.S. agricultural industry and suppliers to that industry such as us.

Our intellectual property is integral to our business. If we are unable to protect our patents and proprietary rights in the United States and foreign countries, our business could be adversely affected.

Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent and other proprietary rights protection for our technologies and products in the United States and other countries. If we are unable to obtain or maintain these protections, we may not be able to prevent third parties from using our proprietary rights. It is also possible that we will fail to identify patentable aspects of our research and development output before it is too late to obtain patent protection. As of September 30, 2015, we had 23 issued U.S. patents and 64 issued foreign patents (of which five U.S. patents and 25 foreign patents were in-licensed), 31 pending provisional and non-provisional U.S. patent applications (of which one was in-licensed), and 189 pending foreign patent applications (of which six were in-licensed).

The patent position of biotechnology and biochemical companies generally is highly uncertain, involves complex legal and factual questions and has in recent years been the subject of much litigation. As a result, the issuance,

scope, validity, enforceability and commercial value of our patent rights are highly uncertain. Our pending and future patent applications may not result in patents being issued which protect our technology or products, in whole or in part, or which effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive technologies and products. Changes in either the patent laws or interpretation of the patent laws in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of our patents or narrow the scope of our patent protection. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition, recent changes to the patent laws of the United States provide additional procedures for third parties to challenge the validity of issued patents, some of which allow a lower evidentiary standard to hold a patent claim invalid. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and we may encounter significant problems and costs in protecting our proprietary rights in these foreign countries.

Our patents and those patents for which we have license rights may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented. In addition, our issued patents may not contain claims sufficiently broad to protect us against third parties with similar technologies or products or provide us with any competitive advantage. We are not certain that our pending patent applications will be issued. Moreover, our competitors could challenge or circumvent our patents or pending patent applications. It is also not possible to patent and protect all knowledge and know-how associated with our products so there may be areas that are not protected such as certain formulations and manufacturing processes. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

For certain of our products, we hold co-exclusive licenses to certain of the intellectual property related to these products. Although our products that are derived from intellectual property licensed to us on a co-exclusive basis also include our own proprietary technology, the third parties with whom we share co-exclusive rights may develop products based on the same underlying intellectual property. This could adversely affect the sale of our products.

Intellectual property litigation could cause us to spend substantial resources and could distract our personnel from their normal responsibilities.

Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses, and could distract our technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development, sales, marketing or distribution activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to adequately conduct such litigation or proceedings. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their greater financial resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace.

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position could be harmed.

We have taken measures to protect our trade secrets and know-how, including the use of confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, advisors and third-party manufacturers. It is possible that these agreements may be breached and that any remedies for a breach will not make us whole. In addition, some courts inside and outside of the United States are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. We generally control and limit access to, and the distribution of, our product documentation and other proprietary information. Despite

our efforts to protect these proprietary rights, our trade secret-protected know-how could fall into the public domain, unauthorized parties may copy aspects of our products and obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. We also cannot guarantee that other parties will not independently develop our knowhow or otherwise obtain access to our technologies.

Third parties may misappropriate our microbial strains.

Third parties, including contract manufacturers, often have custody or control of our microbial strains. If our microbial strains were stolen, misappropriated or reverse engineered, they could be used by other parties who may be able to reproduce the microbial strains for their own commercial gain. If this were to occur, it would be difficult for us to challenge and prevent this type of use, especially in countries with limited intellectual property protection.

Other companies may claim that we infringe their intellectual property or proprietary rights, which could cause us to incur significant expenses or prevent us from selling our products.

Our success depends in part on our ability to operate without infringing the patents and proprietary rights of third parties. Product development is inherently uncertain in a rapidly evolving technological environment such as ours in which there may be numerous patent applications pending, many of which are confidential when filed, with regard to similar technologies. Patents issued to third parties may contain claims that conflict with our patents and that may place restrictions on the commercial viability of our products and technologies. Third parties could assert infringement claims against us in the future. We may become party to, or threatened with, future adversarial proceedings or litigation regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our products, product candidates and technology. We may not be aware of all such third-party intellectual property rights potentially relevant to our products and product candidates.

Any litigation, adversarial proceeding or proceeding before governmental authorities regarding intellectual property rights, regardless of its outcome, would probably be costly and require significant time and attention of our key management and technical personnel. Litigation, adversarial proceedings or proceedings before governmental authorities could also force us to:

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stop or delay using our proprietary screening technology;

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stop or delay selling, manufacturing or using products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property;

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pay damages; and/or

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enter into licensing or royalty agreements which, if available at all, may only be available on unfavorable terms.

Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could have a similar negative impact on our business.

We use hazardous materials in our business and are subject to potential liability under environmental laws. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of hazardous materials could be time consuming and costly to resolve.

We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling, disposal and release of hazardous materials and certain waste products. Our research and development and manufacturing activities involve the controlled use of hazardous materials and biological waste. Some of these materials may be novel, including bacteria with novel properties and bacteria that produce biologically active compounds. We cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or discharge and any injury resulting from these materials. In addition, although we have not currently identified any environmental liabilities, the

manufacturing facility we purchased in July 2012 may have existing environmental liabilities associated with it that may also result in successor liabilities for us, and we will be subject to increased exposure to potential environmental liabilities as we manufacture our products on a larger scale. We may also be held liable for hazardous materials brought onto the premises of our manufacturing facility before we acquired title, without regard for fault for, or knowledge of, the presence of such substances, as well as for hazardous materials that may be discovered after we no longer own the property if we sell it in the future. In the event of an accident, or if any hazardous materials are found within our operations or on the premises of our manufacturing facility in violation of the law at any time, we may be liable for all cleanup costs, fines, penalties and other costs. This liability could exceed our resources, and, if significant losses arise from hazardous substance contamination, our financial viability may be substantially and adversely affected.

In addition, we may have to incur significant costs to comply with future environmental laws and regulations. In addition, we cannot predict the impact of new governmental regulations that might have an adverse effect on the research, development, production and marketing of our products. We may be required to incur significant costs to comply with current or future laws or regulations. Our business may be harmed by the cost of compliance.

Our collaborators may use hazardous materials in connection with our collaborative efforts. To our knowledge, their work is performed in accordance with applicable biosafety regulations. In the event of a lawsuit or investigation, however, we could be held responsible for any injury caused to persons or property by exposure to, or release of, hazardous materials used by these parties. Further, we may be required to indemnify our collaborators against all damages and other liabilities arising out of our development activities or products produced in connection with these collaborations.

Our headquarters and facility and certain manufacturers and suppliers are located in regions that are subject to natural disasters, as well as in some cases geopolitical risks and social upheaval.

Our Davis, California headquarters is located near a known earthquake fault. The impact of a major earthquake, fire or other natural disaster, including floods, on our Davis facilities, Bangor, Michigan manufacturing plant, infrastructure and overall operations is difficult to predict and any natural disaster could seriously disrupt our entire business process. In addition, Regalia is produced by a third-party manufacturer in Florida in a location that could be impacted by hurricane activity, and certain of our raw materials are sourced in China, which is subject to risks associated with uncertain political, economic and other conditions such as the outbreak of contagious diseases, such as avian flu, swine flu and SARS, and natural disasters. The insurance we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses resulting from natural disasters or other business interruptions. Although these risks have not materially adversely affected our business, financial condition or results of operations to date, there can be no assurance that such risks will not do so in the future.

Inability to comply with regulations applicable to our facilities and procedures could delay, limit or prevent our research and development or manufacturing activities.

Our research and development and manufacturing facilities and procedures are subject to continual review and periodic inspection. We must spend funds, time and effort in the areas of production, safety and quality control and assurance to ensure full technical compliance with the regulations applicable to these facilities and procedures. If the EPA or another regulatory body determines that we are not in compliance with these regulations, regulatory approval of our products could be delayed or we may be required to limit or cease our research and development or manufacturing activities or pay a monetary fine. If we are required to limit or cease our research and development activities, our ability to develop new products would be impaired. In addition, if we are required to limit or cease our manufacturing activities, our ability to produce our products in commercial quantities would be impaired or prohibited, which would harm our business.

We may be exposed to product liability and remediation claims, which could harm our business.

The use of certain bio-based pest management and plant health products is regulated by various local, state, federal and foreign environmental and public health agencies. These regulations may include requirements that

only certified or professional users apply the product or that certain products be used only on certain types of locations, may require users to post notices on properties to which products have been or will be applied, may require notification to individuals in the vicinity that products will be applied in the future or may ban the use of certain ingredients. Even if we are able to comply with all such regulations and obtain all necessary registrations, we cannot provide assurance that our products will not cause injury to crops, the environment or people under all circumstances. For example, our products may be improperly combined with other pesticides or, even when properly combined, our products may be blamed for damage caused by these other pesticides. The costs of remediation or products liability could materially adversely affect our future quarterly or annual operating results.

We may be held liable for, or incur costs to settle, liability and remediation claims if any products we develop, or any products that use or incorporate any of our technologies, cause injury or are found unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing, sale or use. These risks exist even with respect to products that have received, or may in the future receive, regulatory approval, registration or clearance for commercial use. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to avoid product liability exposure.

We currently maintain product liability insurance at levels we believe are sufficient and consistent with industry standards for companies at our stage of development. We cannot guarantee that our product liability insurance is adequate and, at any time, it is possible that this insurance coverage may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. A product liability claim could result in liability to us greater than our assets or insurance coverage. Moreover, even if we have adequate insurance coverage, product liability claims or recalls could result in negative publicity or force us to devote significant time and attention to those matters, which could harm our business.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carry-forwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

As of December 31, 2014, we had approximately $128.2 million of federal and $117.9 million of state operating loss carry-forwards available to offset future taxable income, which expire in varying amounts beginning in 2026 for federal and 2016 for state purposes if unused. It is possible that we will not generate taxable income in time to use these loss carry-forwards before their expiration.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes restrictions on the use of a corporation’s net operating losses, as well as certain recognized built-in losses and other carryforwards, after an “ownership change” occurs. A Section 382 “ownership change” occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Future issuances or sales of our stock (including certain transactions involving our stock that are outside of our control) could also result in an ownership change under Section 382. If an “ownership change” occurs, Section 382 would impose an annual limit on the amount of pre-change net operating losses and other losses we can use to reduce our taxable income generally equal to the product of the total value of our outstanding equity immediately prior to the “ownership change” (subject to certain adjustments) and the applicable federal long-term tax-exempt interest rate for the month of the “ownership change.” The applicable rate for ownership changes occurring in the month of December 2014 was 2.80%.

Because U.S. federal net operating losses generally may be carried forward for up to 20 years, the annual limitation may effectively provide a cap on the cumulative amount of pre-ownership change losses, including certain recognized built-in losses that may be utilized. Such pre-ownership change losses in excess of the cap may be lost. In addition, if an ownership change were to occur, it is possible that the limitations imposed on our ability to use pre-ownership change losses and certain recognized built-in losses could cause a net increase in our U.S. federal income tax liability and U.S. federal income taxes to be paid earlier than otherwise would be paid if such limitations were not in effect. Further, if the amount or value of these deferred tax assets is reduced, such reduction would have a negative impact on the book value of our common stock.

We completed a Section 382 analysis as of December 31, 2013 and concluded that approximately $0.5 million in federal net operating losses and approximately $0.2 million in federal research and development credits are expected to expire prior to utilization as a result of our previous ownership changes and corresponding annual limitations. We have not conducted an analysis to determine the amount of state net operating losses that are also expected to expire prior to utilization. Our existing net operating loss carry-forwards or credits may be subject to significant limitations due to events occurring since December 31, 2013, and we have not updated our Section 382 analysis to consider events since December 31, 2013, including the effect of issuing common stock pursuant to a public offering in June 2014. Our inability to use these net operating loss carry-forwards as a result of the Section 382 limitations could harm our financial condition.

Our business is subject to various governmental regulations, and compliance with these regulations may cause us to incur significant expenses. If we fail to maintain compliance with applicable regulations, we may be forced to recall products and cease their manufacture and distribution, which could subject us to civil or criminal penalties.

The complex legal and regulatory environment exposes us to compliance and litigation costs and risks that could materially affect our operations and financial results. These laws and regulations may change, sometimes significantly, as a result of political or economic events. They include environmental laws and regulations, tax laws and regulations, import and export laws and regulations, government contracting laws and regulations, labor and employment laws and regulations, securities and exchange laws and regulations, and other laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. In addition, proposed laws and regulations in these and other areas could affect the cost of our business operations. We face the risk of changes in both domestic and foreign laws regarding trade, potential loss of proprietary information due to piracy, misappropriation or foreign laws that may be less protective of our intellectual property rights. Violations of any of these laws and regulations could subject us to criminal or civil enforcement actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock

Our principal stockholders will have significant voting power and may take actions that may not be in the best interest of other stockholders.

As of September 30, 2015, our executive officers and directors and their affiliates beneficially owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, an aggregate of approximately 2.8 million shares, or 11.2% of our common stock. In addition, affiliates of Waddell & Reed Financial Inc., which beneficially own 19.99% of our common stock, hold $40 million of principal in senior secured promissory notes issued in August 2015. If all of these security holders act together, they will be able to exert significant control over our management and affairs, which could result in some corporate actions that our other stockholders do not view as beneficial such as failure to approve change of control transactions that could offer holders of our common stock a premium over the market value of our company. As a result, the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected.

Our common stock may experience extreme price and volume fluctuations, and you may not be able to resell shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid.

We are an early stage company with a limited trading history and a history of losses. Since shares of our common stock were sold in our initial public offering in August 2013 at a price of $12.00 per share, our stock price has ranged between $1.74 and $20.00 through September 30, 2015. The trading price of our common stock will likely continue to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in price in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include:

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the announcement of the Audit Committee investigation, the Restatement and the SEC investigation and lawsuits arising out of related matters;

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our small public float relative to the total number of shares of common stock that are issued and outstanding;

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quarterly variations in our results of operations, those of our competitors or those of our customers;

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announcements of technological innovations, new products or services or new commercial relationships by us or our competitors;

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our ability to develop and market new products on a timely basis;

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disruption to our operations;

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media reports and publications about pest management products;

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announcements concerning our competitors or the pest management industry in general;

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our entry into, modification of or termination of key license, research and development or collaborative agreements;

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new regulatory pronouncements and changes in regulatory guidelines or the status of our regulatory approvals;

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general and industry-specific economic conditions;

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any major change in our board of directors or management;

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commencement of, or our involvement in, litigation;

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changes in financial estimates, including our ability to meet our future net revenues and operating profit or loss projections; and

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changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts.

Substantial future sales of our common stock, or the perception in the public markets that these sales may occur, may depress our stock price.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. As of September 30, 2015, we had approximately 24.5 million shares of common stock outstanding, 2.2 million which were are held by our directors and officers and their affiliates and an additional 11.9 million shares which were held by other beneficial holders of 5% or more of our common stock. Although these shares are subject in some cases to volume and manner of sale restriction of Rule 144 of the Securities Act, any determination by holders of a substantial number of such shares to sell our stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause our share price to fall. In addition, as of September 30, 2015 we had 4.8 million shares of our common stock either issued or available for issuance under our equity incentive plans. These shares may be sold in the public market upon issuance and once vested.

Because we have no plans to pay dividends on our common stock, investors must look solely to stock appreciation for a return on their investment in us.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. Any payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applying to the payment of dividends and other considerations that the board of directors deems relevant. Investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize a return on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.

We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company we may choose to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to emerging public companies, which includes, among other things:

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exemption from the auditor attestation requirements under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

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reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements;

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exemption from the requirements of holding non-binding stockholder votes on executive compensation arrangements; and

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exemption from any rules requiring mandatory audit firm rotation and auditor discussion and analysis and, unless the SEC otherwise determines, any future audit rules that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

We could be an emerging growth company until the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary after our initial public offering, or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more; (ii) the date on which we have, during the previous three year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt or (iii) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the federal securities laws. We will qualify as a large accelerated filer as of the first day of the first fiscal year after we have (i) more than $700 million in outstanding common equity held by our non-affiliates and (ii) been public for at least 12 months. The value of our outstanding common equity will be measured each year on the last day of our second fiscal quarter.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies are also permitted to elect to delay adoption of new or revised accounting standards until companies that are not subject to periodic reporting obligations are required to comply, if such accounting standards apply with non-reporting companies. We have made an irrevocable decision to opt out of this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards.

We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management is required to devote substantial time to comply with the laws and regulations affecting public companies, which costs will increase after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.”

As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses, including costs associated with public company reporting and corporate governance requirements, in order to comply with the rules and regulations imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules implemented by the SEC and NASDAQ. Such costs will increase after we cease to qualify as an emerging growth company. Our management and other personnel have needed to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives and our legal and accounting compliance costs have increased. We also may need to hire additional staff or consultants in the areas of investor relations, legal and accounting to continue to operate as a public company. The expenses incurred by public companies for reporting and corporate governance purposes have increased dramatically over the past several years. We expect these rules and regulations to continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs substantially and to make some activities more time consuming and costly. We are currently unable to

estimate these costs with any degree of certainty. Greater expenditures may be necessary in the future with the advent of new laws and regulations pertaining to public companies. We also expect that, as a public company, it will continue to be expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In particular, as a public company, we are required to perform system and process evaluations and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. As described above, as an emerging growth company, we are not yet required to comply with the auditor attestation provisions of Section 404. However, we are required to comply with management attestations of Section 404, and our testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses.We expect to incur substantial accounting expense and management time on compliance-related issues with respect to Section 404. Moreover, if we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could cause our stock price to decline.

For example, as more fully described in the Explanatory Note to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, in September 2014, our Audit Committee initiated an independent investigation regarding certain accounting matters concerning recognition of revenue in a sales transaction. As a result of the matters relating to the Audit Committee’s investigation, we announced that certain of our previously filed financial statements could no longer be relied upon and subsequently completed the Restatement. While we believe we have appropriately determined the errors made in our previously reported consolidated financial statements, recorded the correct adjustments in preparing our restated consolidated financial statements and remediated the material weaknesses identified in our internal control over financial reporting related to the subject matter of the Audit Committee’s investigation, we can provide no assurances that other material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, such as the material weakness we have identified with respect to stock option grants, will not be identified in the future. See also “—Risks Related to our Financial Reporting Process.”

Provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could discourage a takeover that stockholders may consider favorable.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. These provisions include the following:

•

the right of our board of directors to elect directors to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

•

the establishment of a classified board of directors requiring that only a subset of the members of our board of directors be elected at each annual meeting of stockholders;

•

the prohibition of cumulative voting in our election of directors, which would otherwise allow less than a majority of stockholders to elect director candidates;

•

the requirement that stockholders provide advance notice to nominate individuals for election to our board of directors or to propose matters that can be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting. These provisions may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company;

•

the ability of our board of directors to issue, without stockholder approval, shares of undesignated preferred stock with terms set by the board of directors, which rights could be senior to those of

our common stock. The ability to authorize undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for our board of directors to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to acquire us;

•

the ability of our board of directors to alter our bylaws without obtaining stockholder approval;

•

the inability of our stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders and to take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting;

•

the required approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors to adopt, amend, or repeal our bylaws;

•

the required approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors to repeal or adopt any provision of our certificate of incorporation regarding the election of directors;

•

the required approval of the holders of at least 80% of such shares to amend or repeal the provisions of our bylaws regarding the election and classification of directors; and

•

the required approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors to remove directors without cause.

As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to certain Delaware anti-takeover provisions. Under Delaware law, a corporation may not engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or, among other things, the board of directors has approved the transaction. Our board of directors could rely on Delaware law to prevent or delay an acquisition of us.

Risks Related to Our Financial Reporting Processes

The restatement of our previously issued financial statements has been time consuming and expensive, and matters relating to or arising from the restatement and material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, including adverse publicity and potential concerns from our customers and prospective customers, regulatory inquiries, and litigation matters, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or stock price.

As more fully described in the Explanatory Note to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, in September 2014, our Audit Committee initiated an independent investigation regarding certain accounting matters concerning recognition of revenue in a sales transaction. Our Audit Committee conducted its investigation and review with the assistance of independent counsel and an independent forensic accounting advisor.

In February 2015, we announced the completion of the investigation. In light of the Audit Committee’s findings, we have evaluated our historical distributor sales transactions to determine whether previously undisclosed commitments were made that have an impact on the timing and treatment of revenue recognition, and whether our internal controls relating to revenue recognition are sufficient. On November 10, 2015 we filed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, which we refer to as the Form 10-K and which includes restated consolidated financial statements, selected financial data (as applicable), certain financial data in management’s discussion and analysis and other information for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, including related quarterly periods, and the quarterly periods ended March 31 and June 30, 2014. The circumstances and findings of our Audit Committee’s investigation are more fully described in the Explanatory Note on page i of this report.

We also initiated contact with the staff of the Division of Enforcement of the SEC in September 2014 to advise them of the initiation of the Audit Committee’s investigation. The Division of Enforcement has since initiated a formal investigation of these matters, with which we have fully cooperated. The investigation by the Division of Enforcement is ongoing.

As a result of the matters relating to the Audit Committee’s investigation, we announced that certain of our previously filed financial statements could no longer be relied upon, and we did not file our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended September 30, 2014, March 31, 2015, or June 30, 2015 or our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 on a timely basis. The non-compliance with public reporting obligations subjected us to delisting proceedings from the NASDAQ Global Market. Subsequently we presented our plan to regain compliance with NASDAQ’s filing requirement at a hearing, and the reviewing panel granted a stay of delisting through November 9, 2015 to regain compliance.

As also further described in Part I-Item 3-“Legal Proceedings”, the Company, our current and former executive officers and members of our board of directors have been named as defendants in various lawsuits asserting claims arising out of the subject matter of the Audit Committee’s investigation.

We have incurred over $11 million in, and where applicable expect to incur additional, significant legal, accounting and other professional fees and other costs in connection with the Audit Committee’s investigation, the preparation of restated consolidated financial statements, our remediation efforts, responding to the SEC investigation, petitioning NASDAQ to stay delisting of our common stock and related matters. While we believe we have made appropriate judgments in determining the errors made in our previously reported consolidated financial statements and recording the correct adjustments in preparing our restated consolidated financial statements, there is a risk that we may have to further restate our historical consolidated financial statements, amend prior filings with the SEC or take other actions not currently contemplated, including as a result of SEC review of our filings. Further, if the SEC were to conclude that enforcement action is appropriate, we could be required to pay large civil penalties and fines. The SEC also could impose other sanctions against us or certain of our current and former directors and officers. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition and cause the price of our securities to decline.

In addition to the pending legal proceedings and SEC investigation, the matters described above have also exposed us to greater risks associated with other civil litigation, regulatory proceedings and government enforcement actions to which we and current and former members of our senior management may in the future be subject. If we do not prevail in the pending legal proceedings or any other litigation, we may be required to pay a significant amount of monetary damages that may be in excess of our insurance coverage, or may have additional penalties or other remedies imposed against us, or our current or former directors or officers, which could harm our reputation, business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. In addition, under Delaware law, our bylaws and certain indemnification agreements, we may have an obligation to indemnify certain current and former officers and directors in relation to these matters. Such indemnification may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition to the extent insurance does not cover our costs. In addition, we may not have sufficient coverage under directors’ and officers’ insurance policies, in which case our business, results of operations or financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

Our board of directors, management and other key employees have expended, and may continue to expend, a substantial amount of time on matters relating to the Audit Committee investigation, the Restatement, the SEC investigation, the NASDAQ hearing process and the pending private litigation, diverting resources and attention that would otherwise be directed toward our operations and implementation of our business strategy, all of which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Further, we have been and may continue to be the subject of negative publicity focusing on the Restatement and related matters, and may be adversely impacted by negative reactions from our stockholders, creditors or others with which we do business. We believe this negative publicity has impacted our ability to attract and retain customers, employees and vendors, and may continue to do so in the future. Concerns include the perception of the work effort required to address our accounting and control environment, the ability for us to be a long term provider to customers and our ability to timely pay outstanding balances to vendors. Moreover, we believe that our competitors have sought and will continue to seek to leverage the Restatement and related matters to try and raise concerns about us in the minds of our customers and customer prospects. The continued occurrence of any of the foregoing could harm our business and reputation and cause the price of our securities to decline.

If we fail to establish and maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis could be impaired, which would adversely affect our consolidated operating results, our ability to operate our business and investors’ views of us.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to ensure that information regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. As discussed under Part II-Item 9A-“Controls and Procedures,” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, based on the Audit Committee’s investigation management identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 resulting in revenue transactions that were recognized prior to satisfaction of all required revenue recognition criteria. These include material weaknesses related to our process for recognizing revenue relating to certain former sales personnel who did not project an attitude of integrity and control consciousness, leading to insufficient attention to their responsibilities and internal controls, without management having implemented mitigating controls to discourage, prevent or detect override of internal control by those personnel. In addition, it was determined that our internal controls were not effectively designed to identify instances when sales personnel made unauthorized commitments with certain distributors. While we have implemented a plan to remediate these material weaknesses, which focuses on continued training for and communication with employees regarding our enhanced policies and procedures, we are still in the process of testing and evaluating the effectiveness of the remediation measures we have taken to date.

Also in connection with management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting, management has identified an additional deficiency that constituted a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 in our governance practices related to ineffective controls over the timeliness and accuracy of documentation related to actions of our board of directors and compensation committee specific to approving stock option grants. While no financial statement accounts or disclosures were misstated, the potential impact could have led to a material misstatement. We are developing a plan to conduct training with our legal department and those charged with governance to ensure that board and compensation committee minutes are prepared more timely and accurately and reviewed with sufficient rigor to ensure the minutes fully and accurately reflect the actions/approvals related to stock option grants.

In connection with the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer determined that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2014.

Remedying our material weaknesses has required substantial management time and attention, and ensuring that we have adequate internal control over financial reporting and procedures in place to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis will continue to be a costly and time consuming effort. Any failure to implement effective internal control over financial reporting or to complete and maintain the remediation of our identified control deficiencies may result in additional errors, material misstatements or delays in our financial reporting, failure to meet our financial reporting obligations or failure to avoid or detect fraud in our financial reporting. This in turn would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations and could have a substantial adverse impact on the trading price of our common stock and our relationships with customers and suppliers.

Our management does not expect that our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company will have been detected. As discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Audit Committee and management have identified control deficiencies in the past and may identify additional deficiencies in the future.

The processes underlying the preparation of the financial statements contained in this report may not have been adequate and our financial statements remain subject to the risk of future restatement.

The completion of our audit for the year ended December 31, 2014, the Restatement and the revenue recognition review undertaken in connection therewith involved many months of review and analysis, including highly technical analyses of our contracts and business practices, the proper application of paragraph ASC 605-10-S99-1 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification for revenue recognition, and other accounting rules and pronouncements. The completion of our financial statement audit also followed the completion of an extremely detailed forensic audit as part of the Audit Committee’s investigation. Given the complexity and scope of these exercises, and notwithstanding the very extensive time, effort, and expense that went into them, we cannot assure you that these processes were adequate or that additional accounting errors will not come to light in the future in these or other areas. If additional accounting errors come to light in areas reviewed as part of our processes or otherwise, including as a result of SEC review of our filings, or if ongoing interpretations of applicable accounting rules and pronouncements result in unanticipated changes in our accounting practices or financial reporting, future restatements of our financial statements may be required.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our headquarters are located at 1540 Drew Avenue in Davis, California, in a facility consisting of approximately 27,300 square feet of office, laboratory space and greenhouse space under a lease entered into in September 2013. This facility accommodates our research, development, sales, marketing, operations, finance and administrative activities. The facilities include a new, state-of-the-art fermentation lab and pilot plant, expanded formulation lab and pilot with spray drying and granulation capabilities, an insectary, a plant pathology and nematology lab and a plant and weed sciences lab, among others. The initial term of the lease is for a period of 60 months. The lease term commenced on August 20, 2014.

We also purchased an 11,400 square-foot manufacturing facility in Bangor, Michigan, in July 2012, which we have repurposed to accommodate large-scale manufacturing of our products. We believe that our leased facilities and our manufacturing facility are adequate to meet our needs.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On September 5, 2014, September 8, 2014, September 11, 2014, September 15, 2014 and November 3, 2014, we, along with certain of our current and former officers and directors, and others were named as defendants in putative securities class action lawsuits filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California. On February 13, 2015, these actions were consolidated as Special Situations Fund III QP, L.P. et al v. Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. et al, Case No 2:14-cv-02571-MCE-KJN. On September 2, 2015, an initial consolidated complaint was filed on behalf of (i) all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired our publicly traded common stock directly in or traceable to our August 1, 2013 initial public offering; (ii) all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock directly in our June 6, 2014 secondary offering; and (iii) all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock on the open market between March 7, 2014 and September 2, 2014 (the “Class Action”). In addition to the Company, the initial consolidated complaint names certain of our current and former officers and directors and our independent registered public accounting firm as defendants. The initial consolidated complaint alleges violations of the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and SEC Rule 10b-5 arising out of the issuance of allegedly false and misleading statements about our business and prospects, including our financial statements, product revenues and system of internal controls. Plaintiffs contend that such statements caused our stock price to be artificially inflated. The action includes claims for damages, fees, and expenses, including an award of attorneys’ and experts’ fees to the putative class.

Pursuant to a stipulation between the parties, and by order of the Court, Defendants need not respond to the initial consolidated complaint. An amended consolidated complaint is to be filed no later than 60 days after the Company announces the restatement(s) after which defendants will have 60 days to respond. The outcome of this matter is not presently determinable.

On September 9, 2014 and November 25, 2014, shareholder derivative actions were filed in the Superior Court of California, County of Yolo (Case No. CV14-1481) and the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California (Case No. 1:14-cv-02779-JAM-CKD), purportedly on our behalf, against certain current and former officers and members of our board of directors (the “2014 Derivative Actions”). The plaintiffs in the 2014 Derivative Actions allege that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties, committed waste, were unjustly enriched, and aided and abetted breaches of fiduciary duty by causing us to issue allegedly false and misleading statements. The issues in the 2014 Derivative Actions overlap substantially with those at issue in the Class Action described above. The plaintiffs in the 2014 Derivative Actions seek, purportedly on behalf of the Company, an unspecified award of damages including, but not limited to, various corporate governance reforms, an award of restitution, an award of reasonable costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, and other further relief as the Court may deem just and proper. The Courts have granted the parties’ stipulations to defer litigation activity, subject to certain conditions and pending certain developments in the Class Action.

On October 14, 2015, a shareholder derivative action was filed in the Superior Court of California, County of Yolo (Case No. CV15-1423), purportedly on our behalf, against certain current and former officers and members of our board of directors and our independent registered public accounting firm (the “2015 Derivative Action,” and with the 2014 Derivative Actions, the “Derivative Actions”). The plaintiff in the 2015 Derivative Action alleges that the director and officer defendants breached their fiduciary duties, committed waste and were unjustly enriched, by causing the Company to issue allegedly false and misleading statements. The plaintiff in the 2015 Derivative Action also alleges that our independent registered public accounting firm committed professional negligence and malpractice. The issues in the 2015 Derivative Action overlap substantially with those at issue in the 2014 Derivative Actions and the Class Action described above. The parties are negotiating a date by which the defendants’ response to the newly filed complaint will be due. Given the preliminary nature of the Derivative Actions, we are not in a position to express any opinion regarding the outcome in these matters.

We also advised the staff of the SEC’s Division of Enforcement of the Audit Committee’s independent investigation. The SEC commenced a formal investigation of these matters, with which we are cooperating. Though the investigation continues, we have engaged in discussions with the Division of Enforcement staff concerning the resolution of any enforcement action that it may recommend. In accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, the Company recorded an accrual of $1.8 million in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014 for its estimate of the penalties arising from such enforcement action and has estimated the range of the reasonably possible loss to be between $1.8 million and $4.0 million.

From time to time we may be involved in litigation that we believe is of the type common to companies engaged in our line of business, including intellectual property and employment issues. While the outcome of these other claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the outcome of any of these other legal matters will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information for Common Stock

Our common stock has been listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “MBII” since August 2, 2013. Prior to that time, there was no public market for our stock. The following table sets forth for the indicated periods the high and low intra-day sales prices per share for our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market.


	HIGH		LOW
2013
Third Quarter 2013 (from August 2, 2013)	$	18.58	$	12.27
Fourth Quarter 2013	$	20.00	$	13.01
2014
First Quarter 2014	$	19.64	$	13.05
Second Quarter 2014	$	14.03	$	8.21
Third Quarter 2014	$	11.84	$	2.41
Fourth Quarter 2014	$	3.75	$	1.85

Holders of Record

As of September 30, 2015, there were 74 stockholders of record of our common stock, and the closing price of our common stock was $2.11 per share as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market. Because some of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common stock. We intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Information, as of December 31, 2014, regarding equity compensation plans approved and not approved by stockholders is summarized in the following table:


PLAN CATEGORY	NUMBER OF SECURITIES TO BE ISSUED UPON EXERCISE OF OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, WARRANTS AND RIGHTS		WEIGHTED-AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE OF OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, WARRANTS AND RIGHTS		NUMBER OF SECURITIES REMAINING AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS (EXCLUDING SECURITIES REFLECTED IN COLUMN (a))⁽¹⁾
	(a)		(b)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		2,830,653	$	9.39		1,086,444
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		—		—		—

Total		2,830,653	$	9.39		1,086,444

⁽¹⁾	Consists of shares available for issuance under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan.

Stock Performance Graph

This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

The following graph shows a comparison from August 2, 2013 (the date our common stock commenced trading on the NASDAQ Global Market) through December 31, 2014 of the cumulative total return for our common stock, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (S&P 500 Index) and the Nasdaq Composite Index (NASDAQ Composite). The graph assumes that $100 was invested at the market close on August 2, 2013 in the common stock of Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc., the S&P 500 Index and the NASDAQ Composite and data for the S&P 500 Index and the NASDAQ Composite assumes reinvestments of dividends. The stock price performance of the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

LOGO

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in connection with Part II-Item 7-“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation,” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The consolidated statements of operations data for each of the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 (as restated) and 2012 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 (as restated) are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our results in any future period.

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
	2014			2013			2012			2011			2010
				As restated⁽¹⁾
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues:
Product	$	7,750		$	7,588		$	6,777		$	5,044		$	3,666
License⁽²⁾		232			193			179			57			—
Related party		1,154			665			184			150			31

Total revenues		9,136			8,446			7,140			5,251			3,697
Cost of product revenues, including cost of product revenues to related parties of $561, $374, $126, $50 and $10 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively		9,438			7,243			4,333			2,172			1,738

Gross profit (loss)		(302	)		1,203			2,807			3,079			1,959
Operating expenses:
Research, development and patent		19,281			17,905			12,741			9,410			5,563
Non-cash charge associated with a convertible note		—			—			3,610			—			—
Selling, general and administrative		28,950			15,017			10,294			6,793			4,353

Total operating expenses		48,231			32,922			26,645			16,203			9,916

Loss from operations		(48,533	)		(31,719	)		(23,838	)		(13,124	)		(7,957	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		59			49			16			22			22
Interest expense		(2,907	)		(6,056	)		(2,466	)		(88	)		(102	)
Change in estimated fair value of financial instruments⁽³⁾		—			6,717			(12,461	)		1			—
Gain on extinguishment of debt		—			49			—			—			—
Other (expense) income, net		(278	)		(282	)		(45	)		9			1

Total other income (expense), net		(3,126	)		477			(14,956	)		(56	)		(79	)

Loss before income taxes		(51,659	)		(31,242	)		(38,794	)		(13,180	)		(8,036	)
Income taxes		—			—			—			—			—

Net loss		(51,659	)		(31,242	)		(38,794	)		(13,180	)		(8,036	)
Deemed dividend on convertible notes		—			(1,378	)		(2,039	)		—			—

Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(51,659	)	$	(32,620	)	$	(40,833	)	$	(13,180	)	$	(8,036	)

Net loss per common share⁽⁴⁾:
Basic	$	(2.32	)	$	(3.74	)	$	(32.48	)	$	(10.64	)	$	(6.58	)

Diluted	$	(2.32	)	$	(4.25	)	$	(32.48	)	$	(10.64	)	$	(6.58	)

Weighted-average shares outstanding used in computing net loss per common share⁽⁴⁾:
Basic		22,314			8,731			1,257			1,239			1,221

Diluted		22,314			8,911			1,257			1,239			1,221

⁽¹⁾	For adjustments related to 2013, see Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

⁽²⁾

We receive payments under strategic collaboration and distribution agreements under which we provide third parties with exclusive development, marketing and distribution rights. These payments are initially classified as deferred revenues and are recognized as revenues over the exclusivity period. See Note 3 of our accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for an explanation of the method used to calculate license revenues.

⁽³⁾

Prior to the completion of the initial public offering, we accounted for the outstanding warrants exercisable into shares of our Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock and the outstanding warrants exercisable into a variable number of shares of common stock as liability instruments, as the Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock and the common stock into which these warrants were convertible were contingently redeemable upon the occurrence of certain events or transactions. In addition, convertible notes were accounted for at estimated fair value. The warrant instruments and convertible notes were adjusted to fair value at each reporting period with the change in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. These charges did not continue after the completion of the initial public offering because the preferred stock warrants were exercised and the convertible notes automatically converted into common stock in accordance with their terms upon the completion of the initial public offering. The common stock warrants were, in accordance with their terms upon the completion of the initial public offering, either automatically exercised for shares of common stock or represent the right to purchase a fixed number of shares. See Part II-Item 7-“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations—Key Components of Our Results of Operations—Change in Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Deemed Dividend on Convertible Notes.”

⁽⁴⁾	Includes the effect of a 1-for-3.138458 reverse stock split, effective August 1, 2013.

Balance Sheet Data:


	DECEMBER 31
	2014		2013		2012			2011			2010
			As restated ⁽¹⁾
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,324	$	24,455	$	10,006		$	2,215		$	4,287
Short-term investments		—		13,677		—			2,000			—
Working capital (deficit)⁽²⁾		23,521		44,221		(11,468	)		5,030			4,935
Total assets		77,182		69,918		33,778			9,818			7,937
Debt and capital leases (net of unamortized discount)		24,327		14,972		16,740			806			1,106
Convertible notes		—		—		41,860			—			—
Preferred stock warrant liability		—		—		1,884			27			28
Common stock warrant liability		—		—		301			—			—
Total liabilities		43,951		30,887		68,413			4,306			2,689
Convertible preferred stock		—		—		39,612			39,612			26,542
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		33,231		39,031		(74,247	)		(34,100	)		(21,204	)

⁽¹⁾	For adjustments related to 2013, see Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

⁽²⁾	Working capital (deficit) is defined as total current assets minus total current liabilities.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in connection with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to our historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in Part I-Item 1A-“Risk Factors.”

Overview

We make bio-based pest management and plant health products. Bio-based products are comprised of naturally occurring microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and plant extracts. Our current products target the major markets that use conventional chemical pesticides, including certain agricultural and water markets, where our bio-based products are used as alternatives for, or mixed with, conventional chemical products. We also target new markets for which there are no available conventional chemical pesticides, the use of conventional chemical products may not be desirable or permissible because of health and environmental concerns (including for organically certified crops) or because the development of pest resistance has reduced the efficacy of conventional chemical pesticides. We believe our current portfolio of EPA-approved and registered “biopesticide” products and our pipeline address the growing global demand for effective, efficient and environmentally responsible products to control pests, increase crop yields and reduce crop stress.

The agricultural industry is increasingly dependent on effective and sustainable pest management practices to maximize yields and quality in a world of increased demand for agricultural products, rising consumer awareness of food production processes and finite land and water resources. In addition, our research has shown that the global market for biopesticides is growing substantially faster than the overall market for pesticides. This demand is in part a result of conventional growers acknowledging that there are tangible benefits to adopting bio-based pest management products into integrated pest management (IPM) programs, as well as increasing consumer demand for organic food. We seek to capitalize on these global trends by providing both conventional and organic growers with solutions to a broad range of pest management needs through strategies such as adding new products to our product portfolio, continuing to broaden the commercial applications of our existing product lines, leveraging growers’ positive experiences with existing product lines, and educating growers with on-farm product demonstrations and controlled product launches with key target customers and other early adopters. We believe this approach enables us to stay ahead of our competition in providing innovative pest management solutions, enhances our sales process at the distributor level and helps us to capture additional value from our products.

Although our long-term, global vision for our business and our commitment to that vision remain fundamentally unchanged, to date, we have not achieved anticipated growth in sales of our products, which has resulted in an increase in inventory write-offs, higher proportional operating expenses levels, increases in costs of goods sold, and decreases in product margins. In response to the business challenges reflected in our financial results for recent periods, since the second half of 2014, we have been implementing a prioritization plan to focus our resources on continuing to improve and promote our commercially available products, advancing product candidates that are expected to have the greatest impact on near-term growth potential and expanding international presence and commercialization. Our goal has been to reduce expenses, conserve cash and improve operating efficiencies, to extract greater value from our products and product pipeline and to improve our communication to and connection with the global sustainability movement that is core to our cultural values.

In connection with this new strategy, we have significantly reduced overall headcount, while building a new sales and marketing organization with increased training and ability to educate and support customers as well as providing our product development staff with greater responsibility for technical sales support, field trials and

demonstrations to promote sales growth. In addition, while we believe that we have developed a robust pipeline of novel product candidates, we are currently limiting our internal efforts on five promising product candidates. Simultaneously, we are seeking collaborations with third parties to develop and commercialize more early stage candidates on which we have elected not to expend significant resources given our reduced budget. We believe collectively, these measures, together with our competitive strengths, including our leadership in the biologicals industry, commercially available products, robust pipeline of novel product candidates, proprietary discovery and development processes and industry experience, position us for growth.

We sell our crop protection products to leading agrichemical distributors while also working directly with growers to increase existing and generate new product demand. To date, we have marketed our bio-based pest management and plant health products for agricultural applications to U.S. growers, through distributors and our own sales force, and we have focused primarily on high value specialty crops such as grapes, citrus, tomatoes, and leafy greens. A large portion of our sales are currently attributable to conventional growers who use our bio-based pest management products either to replace conventional chemical pesticides or enhance the efficacy of their IPM programs. In addition, a portion of our sales are attributable to organic farmers, who cannot use conventional pesticides and have few alternatives for pest management. As we continue to demonstrate the efficacy of our bio-based pest management and plant health products on new crops or for new applications, we may either continue to sell our product through our in-house sales force or collaborate with third parties for distribution to select markets.

Although we have historically sold a significant majority of our products in the United States, expanding our international presence and commercialization is an important component of our growth strategy. Regalia is currently available in select international markets under distribution agreements with major agrichemical companies. Going forward, our plan is to focus on key countries and regions with the largest and fastest growing biopesticide and plant health product markets for specialty crops and selected row crops. We intend to work with regional and country distributors who have brand recognition and established customer bases and who can conduct field trials and grower demonstrations and lead or assist in regulatory processes and market development.

We currently market our water treatment product, Zequanox, through our sales and technical workforce to a selected group of U.S. power and industrial companies. Due to prioritization constraints, we have not committed resources to Zequanox sufficient to market it full-scale. However, we are seeking sales and distribution partners for in-pipe and open water uses, and are currently in discussions with large water treatment companies to further develop Zequanox and expand it commercially. In addition, we continue to work with state, federal and bi-national partners to further develop Zequanox in the Great Lakes/Upper Mississippi River Basin as a habitat restoration tool and potential harmful algal bloom management tool. We believe that Zequanox presents a unique opportunity for generating long-term revenue, as there are limited water treatment options available to date, most of which are time-consuming, costly or subject to high levels of regulation. Our ability to generate significant revenues from Zequanox is dependent on our ability to persuade customers to evaluate the costs of our Zequanox products compared to the overall cost of the chlorine treatment process, the primary current alternative to using Zequanox, rather than the cost of purchasing chemicals alone. Sales of Zequanox have also remained lower than our other products due to the length of the treatment cycle, the longer sales cycle (the bidding process with utility companies and governmental agencies occurs on a yearly or multi-year basis) and the unique nature of the treatment approach for each customer based on the extent of the infestation and the design of the facility.

Although our initial EPA-approved master labels cover our products’ anticipated crop-pest use combinations, we launch early formulations of our pest management and plant health products to targeted customers under commercial labels that list a limited number of crops and applications that our initial efficacy data can best support. We then gather new data from experiments, field trials and demonstrations, gain product knowledge and get feedback to our research and development team from customers, researchers and agricultural agencies. Based on this information, we enhance our products, refine our recommendations for their use in optimal integrated pest management programs, expand our commercial labels, and submit new product formulations to the EPA and

other regulatory agencies. For example, we began sales of Regalia SC, an earlier formulation of Regalia, in the Florida fresh tomatoes market in 2008, while a more effective formulation of Regalia with an expanded master label, including listing for use in organic farming, was under review by the EPA. In 2011, we received EPA approval of a further expanded Regalia master label covering hundreds of crops and various new uses for applications to soil and through irrigation systems, and we recently expanded sales of Regalia in large-acre row crops as a plant stimulus product, in addition to its beneficial uses as a fungicide. Similarly, ongoing field development research on the microbe used in our insecticide product Venerate led to our October 2015 registration of Majestene (MBI-305) as a nematicide. We believe we have opportunities to broaden the commercial applications and expand the use of our existing products lines to help drive significant growth for our company.

Our total revenues were $9.1 million, $8.4 million and $7.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and have risen as growers have adopted our products and have used our products on an expanded number of crops. We generate our revenues primarily from product sales, which historically were principally attributable to sales of Regalia and are now increasingly attributable to Grandevo. However, various factors have impeded anticipated growth in sales of these products in recent years, and may continue to impede growth. For example, we believe adverse conditions in the U.S. agricultural industry, including low commodity prices, may have reduced demand for our products. Further delays in regulatory approvals of certain of our products in Europe and other jurisdictions may slow international growth, and any delay in a product launch that causes us to miss a growing season may require us to wait a year to enter that market. The extended drought in California and other markets has reduced demand for our products as fewer acres are planted, and certain of our strategic collaborations have not resulted in anticipated increases in sales of Regalia outside of the Unites States. Due to prioritization constraints, we have not committed resources to Zequanox sufficient to market it full-scale, and our collaboration efforts with regard to this product may not result in increased sales. In addition, the departure of our former chief operating officer and significant members of our sales staff in the third quarter of 2014 and subsequent turnover in our sales and marketing department disrupted the 2014 launch of Venerate as well as growth in sales of our other commercialized products, including Regalia and Grandevo.

Since 2011, we have also recognized revenues from our strategic collaboration and distribution agreements, which amounted to $0.2 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, excluding related party revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we recognized $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of related party revenues under these agreements based on the terms of our commercial agreement with Syngenta, an affiliate of one of our 5% stockholders. There were no related party revenues recognized under these agreements for the year ended December 31, 2012.

We currently sell our crop protection products through the same leading agricultural distributors used by the major agrichemical companies. Distributors with 10% or more of our total revenues in any one of the periods presented consist of the following:


	CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES			ENGAGE AGRO			HELENA CHEMICALS
For the years ended December 31,
2014		30	%		2	%		13	%
2013		20	%		2	%		8	%
2012		33	%		13	%		12	%

While we expect product sales to a limited number of distributors to continue to be our primary source of revenues, as we continue to develop our pipeline and introduce new products to the marketplace, we anticipate that our revenues stream will be diversified over a broader product portfolio and customer base.

Our cost of product revenues was $9.4 million, $7.2 million and $4.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Cost of product revenues included $0.6 million, $0.4 million and $0.1 million of cost of product revenues to related parties for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Gross margins were a negative 3% for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 14% and 39% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Cost of product revenues consists principally of the cost of inventory which includes the cost of raw materials, and third-party services and allocation of operating expenses of our manufacturing plant related to procuring, processing, formulating, packaging and shipping our products. Cost of product revenues also include charges recorded for write-downs of inventory which has increased in recent years and, beginning in 2014, idle capacity at our manufacturing plant when the manufacturing plant was placed into service. We expect our cost of product revenues related to the cost of inventory to increase and cost of product revenues relating to write-downs of inventory and idle capacity of our manufacturing plant to decrease as we expand sales and increase production of our existing commercial products Regalia, Grandevo, Venerate and Zequanox and introduce new products to the market. Our cost of product revenues related to the cost of inventory has increased as a percentage of total revenues primarily due to a change in product mix, with Grandevo representing an increased percentage of total revenues as Grandevo is early in its life cycle. We expect to see a gradual increase in gross margin over the life cycle of each of our products, including Grandevo, as we improve production processes, gain efficiencies and increase product yields. These increases may be offset by additional charges for inventory write-downs and idle capacity at our manufacturing plant until overall volume in the plant increases significantly.

Our research, development and patent expenses have historically comprised a significant portion of our operating expenses, amounting to $19.3 million, $17.9 million and $12.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We have reduced the size of our research and development staff compared to prior periods and are reducing costs spent on various research and development and patent efforts as part of our efforts to streamline business operations and focus on our pipeline product priorities. However, we have made, and will continue to make, substantial investments in research and development and we intend to continue to devote significant resources toward the advancement of product candidates that are expected to have the greatest impact on near-term growth potential. Simultaneously, we are seeking collaborations with third parties to develop and commercialize more early stage candidates, which we have elected not to expend significant resources on given our reduced budget.

Selling, general and administrative expenses incurred to establish and build our market presence and business infrastructure have generally comprised the remainder of our operating expenses, amounting to $29.0 million, $15.0 million and $10.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. While we have reduced headcount in comparison to prior periods overall, in connection with our new strategy, we have been building a new sales and marketing organization which provides for increased training and a better ability to educate and support customers as well as transitioning our product development staff to undertake greater responsibility for technical sales support, field trials and demonstrations to promote sales growth. We expect that in the future, our selling, general and administrative expenses will increase due to our expanded product portfolio and due to additional costs incurred relating to being a public company. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2014, we incurred $5.8 million in costs related to the Audit Committee’s independent investigation, which commenced in September 2014, and expect to incur significant costs through 2015 related to the Audit Committee investigation and the Restatement. In addition, we have engaged in discussions with the SEC’s Division of Enforcement staff concerning the resolution of any enforcement action that it may recommend. In accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, we recorded an accrual of $1.8 million in our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014 for our estimate of the penalties arising from such enforcement action.

In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2012, in connection with a convertible note, we incurred a non-recurring, non-cash charge of $3.6 million as operating expenses. We also recognized a net gain of $6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 and a net loss of $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, in non-cash charges attributable to the change in estimated fair value of financial instruments, which were reported in other income (expense).

Historically, we have funded our operations from the issuance of shares of common stock, preferred stock, warrants and convertible notes, the issuance of debt and entry into financing arrangements, product sales, payments under strategic collaboration and distribution agreements and government grants, but we have experienced significant losses as we invested heavily in research and development. We expect to incur additional losses related to our investment in the continued development, expansion and marketing of our product portfolio.

In August 2013, we closed an initial public offering of 5.5 million shares of our common stock (the IPO). The public offering price of the shares sold in the offering was $12.00 per share. Our total gross proceeds from the offering were $65.6 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, the aggregate net proceeds that we received totaled approximately $56.1 million. Upon the closing of the IPO, all shares of our outstanding convertible preferred stock and all of our outstanding convertible notes automatically converted into shares of common stock, and all outstanding warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock and certain warrants to purchase common stock were exercised for shares of common stock. In June 2014 we completed a public offering of 4.6 million shares of its common stock. The public offering price of the shares sold in the offering was $9.50 per share. Our total gross proceeds from the offering to us were $43.5 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, the aggregate net proceeds we received totaled $39.9 million. In addition, in June 2014, we borrowed $10.0 million pursuant to a promissory note with Five Star Bank and in August 2015, we issued and sold to affiliates of Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc. in a private placement senior secured promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $40.0 million and warrants to purchase up to 4.0 million shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.91 per share for aggregate consideration of $40.0 million.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net revenue, costs, and expenses, and any related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and our actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, including assumptions and estimates used in determining the timing and amount of revenue to recognize for those transactions accounted for on a “sell-through” method, and inventory valuation and share-based compensation have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. For further information on all of our significant accounting policies, see Note 3 of our accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Key Components of Our Results of Operations

Product Revenues

Product revenues consist of revenues generated primarily from sales to distributors, net of rebates and cash discounts. Our product revenues through 2012 were primarily derived from sales of Regalia, but now are increasingly impacted by new products such as Grandevo. Product revenues, not including related party revenues, constituted 85%, 90% and 95% of our total revenues for the years ended December, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Product revenues in the United States, not including related party revenues, constituted 78%, 77% and 78% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

In some cases, we recognize distributor revenue as title and risk of loss passes, provided all other revenue recognition criteria has been satisfied (the “sell-in” method). For certain sales to certain distributors, the revenue recognition criteria for distributor sales are not satisfied at the time title and risk of loss passes to the distributor; specifically, in instances where “inventory protection” arrangements were offered to distributors that would permit these distributors to return to the Company certain unsold products, we consider the arrangement not to be fixed or determinable, and accordingly, revenue is deferred until products are resold to customers of the distributor (the “sell-through” method). The cost of goods sold associated with such deferral are also deferred and classified as deferred cost of product revenues in the consolidated balance sheets. Cash received from customers related to delivered product that may not represent a true sale are classified as customer refund liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and the related cost of inventory remains in inventory in the consolidated balance sheets until the product is returned or is resold to customers of the distributor and revenue is recognized. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, 63% and 26%, respectively, of product revenues, not including related party revenues, were recognized on a sell-through basis. During the year ended December 31, 2012, there were no product revenues recognized on a sell-through basis. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded current deferred product revenues of $3.2 million and $4.7 million, respectively.

License Revenues

License revenues generally consist of revenues recognized under our strategic collaboration and distribution agreements for exclusive distribution rights, either for Regalia or for our broader pipeline of products, for certain geographic markets or for market segments that we are not addressing directly through our internal sales force. Our strategic collaboration and distribution agreements generally outline overall business plans and include payments we receive at signing and for the achievement of testing validation, regulatory progress and commercialization events. As these activities and payments are associated with exclusive rights that we provide over the term of the strategic collaboration and distribution agreements, revenues related to the payments received are deferred and recognized as revenues over the term of the exclusive period of the respective agreements, which we estimate to be between 5 and 17 years based on the terms of the contract and the covered products and regions. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, license revenues constituted 2% of total revenues for each year. As of December 31, 2014, including agreements with related parties discussed below, we had received an aggregate of $2.9 million in payments and had $0.8 million recorded in accounts receivable under our strategic collaboration and distribution agreements. In addition, there will be an additional $0.5 million in payments due on certain anniversaries of regulatory approval and an additional $1.6 million in payments under these agreements that we could potentially receive if the testing validation, regulatory progress and commercialization events occur.

Related Party Revenues

Related party revenues consist of both product revenues and license revenues. Les Lyman, a member of our board of directors, is the chairman and significant indirect shareholder of The Tremont Group, Inc., which purchases our products for further distribution and resale. In addition, in December 2012, we issued a convertible note to Syngenta Ventures Pte. LTD. (Syngenta Ventures), an affiliate of one of our international distributors, Syngenta, with whom we entered into a commercial agreement with and sell our products to for further distribution and resale. Syngenta Ventures reduced its ownership stake in the Company below 5% in June 2014. Accordingly, sales subsequent to June 2014 to Syngenta have not been included as related party revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, related party revenues constituted 13%, 8% and 3% of total revenues, respectively. For the years ending December 31, 2014 and 2013, 71% and 63%, respectively, of related party revenues, were recognized on a sell-through basis. During the year ending December 31, 2012, there were no related party revenues recognized on a sell through basis.

Cost of Product Revenues and Gross Profit (Loss)

Cost of product revenues consists principally of the cost of raw materials, including inventory costs and third- party services related to procuring, processing, formulating, packaging and shipping our products. As we have

used our Bangor, Michigan manufacturing plant to produce certain of our products, cost of product revenues includes allocation of operating costs including direct and indirect labor, productions supplies, repairs and maintenance depreciation, utilities and property taxes. The amount of indirect labor and overhead allocated to finished goods are determined on a basis presuming normal capacity utilization. Operating costs incurred in excess of production allocations, considered idle capacity, are expensed to cost of goods sold in the period incurred rather than added to the cost of the finished goods produced. Cost of product revenues also may include charges due to inventory adjustments and reserves. Gross profit (loss) is the difference between total revenues and the cost of product revenues. Gross margin is gross profit (loss) expressed as a percentage of total revenues.

We have entered into in-license technology agreements with respect to the use and commercialization of our three commercially available product lines, including Regalia, Grandevo and Zequanox, and certain products under development. Under these licensing arrangements, we typically make royalty payments based on net product revenues, with royalty rates varying by product and ranging between 2% and 5% of net sales, subject in certain cases to aggregate dollar caps. These royalty payments are included in cost of product revenues, but they have historically not been significant. In addition, costs associated with license revenues have been included in cost of product revenues, as they have not been significant. The exclusivity and royalty provisions of these agreements are generally tied to the expiration of underlying patents. The patents for Regalia and Zequanox will expire in 2017 and the in-licensed U.S. patent for Grandevo is expected to expire in 2024. There is, however, a pending in-licensed patent application relating to Grandevo, which could expire later than 2024 if issued. After the termination of these provisions, we may continue to produce and sell these products. While third parties thereafter may develop products using the technology under expired patents, we do not believe that they can produce competitive products without infringing other aspects of our proprietary technology, including pending patent applications related to Regalia, Zequanox and Grandevo, and we therefore do not expect the expiration of the patents or the related exclusivity obligations to have a significant adverse financial or operational impact on our business.

We expect to see increases in gross profit over the life cycle of each of our products because gross margins are expected be increased over time as production processes improve and as we gain efficiencies and increase product yields. While we expect margins to improve on a product-by-product basis, our overall gross margins may vary as we introduce new products. In particular, we are experiencing and expect further near-term downward pressure on overall gross margins as we expand sales of Grandevo, Venerate and Zequanox and when we introduce new products. Gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including plant utilization, product manufacturing yields, changes in product production processes, new product introductions, product mix and average selling prices.

To date, we have relied on third parties for the production of our products. In July 2012, we acquired a manufacturing facility, which we repurposed for manufacturing operations and began full-scale manufacturing using this facility in 2014. We continue to use third party manufacturers for Venerate and for spray-dried powder formulations of Grandevo and Zequanox. We expect gross margins to improve using this facility when sales volumes recover enough to reduce overhead and unused capacity charges from our facility.

Research, Development and Patent Expenses

Research, development and patent expenses includes personnel costs, including salaries, wages, benefits and share-based compensation, related to our research, development and patent staff in support of product discovery and development activities. Research, development and patent expenses also include costs incurred for laboratory supplies, field trials and toxicology tests, quality control assessment, consultants and facility and related overhead costs

Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2014, we reduced our research and development staff and prioritized our pipeline candidates, focusing first on those that can be in the market in the next two years. We expect research, development and patent expenses to decrease in the near term as we have reduced headcount and focus our efforts on select pipeline products. We are working to find partners to assist development of other pipeline candidates.

Non-Cash Charge Associated with a Convertible Note

In December 2012, we issued a $12.5 million convertible note to Syngenta Ventures, an affiliate of one of our distributors, and incurred charges of $3.9 million representing the excess of the estimated fair value of the convertible note on the date of issuance compared to the cash received. Because the holder of this convertible note is an affiliate of one of our distributors, we recorded $0.3 million of the charges as a reduction of revenues recognized under our agreements with the affiliated distributor through the date of issuance of the convertible note in December 2012. We recorded the remaining $3.6 million of the charges in operating expenses as a non-recurring non-cash charge associated with a convertible note in December 2012.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, wages, benefits and share-based compensation, related to our executive, sales, marketing, finance and human resources personnel, as well as professional fees, including legal and accounting fees, and other selling costs incurred related to business development and to building product and brand awareness. We create brand awareness through programs such as speaking at industry events, trade show displays and hosting local-level grower and distributor meetings. In addition, we dedicate significant resources to technical marketing literature, targeted advertising in print and online media, webinars and radio advertising. Costs related to these activities, including travel, are included in selling expenses. Our administrative expenses have increased in recent periods primarily as a result of becoming a public company and incurring significant costs in connection with the Audit Committee’s independent investigation and subsequent restatement of our financial statements.

We expect our selling expenses to increase in the near term, both in absolute dollars and as a percent of total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2014, we incurred $5.8 million in costs related to the Audit Committee investigation and subsequent restatement of our financial statements. We have continued to incur such costs during the year ending December 31, 2015. Further, as a result of pending litigation, we also expect to incur additional costs relating to directors and officers liability insurance in future periods. In addition, we have engaged in discussions with the SEC’s Division of Enforcement staff concerning the resolution of any enforcement action that it may recommend. In accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, we recorded an accrual of $1.8 million in our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014 for our estimate of the penalties arising from such enforcement action. In the long term, we expect our selling, general and administrative expenses to decline as a percent of total revenues. We expect our overall selling, general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars in order to drive product sales, and we will incur additional expenses associated with operating as a public company. Such increases may include increased insurance premiums, investor relations expenses, legal and accounting fees associated with the expansion of our business and corporate governance, financial reporting expenses, expenses related to Sarbanes-Oxley and other regulatory compliance obligations.

Interest Expense

We recognize interest expense on notes payable, convertible notes and other debt obligations. During 2012, we entered into a $0.5 million term loan, issued $24.1 million in convertible notes and $17.5 million in promissory notes, including a $10.0 million promissory note paid off prior to its maturity date. In October 2012, we issued a $2.5 million convertible note, and we incurred $0.2 million of interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 as a result of the excess in the $2.7 million estimated fair value of the convertible note on the date of issuance compared to the cash received. During 2013, we issued $6.5 million in convertible notes and $4.95 million in promissory notes, including the partial conversion of $1.25 million of a convertible note into a promissory note. Accordingly, our interest expense increased both in absolute terms and as a percentage of total revenues. In May 2013, we issued a $3.0 million convertible note, and we incurred $1.2 million of interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 as a result of the excess in the $4.2 million estimated fair value of the convertible note on the date of issuance compared to the cash received. Immediately following the

completion of the IPO in August 2013, the convertible notes converted into shares of our common stock. Accordingly, we ceased to incur the interest expense associated with these convertible notes. In addition, in connection with the early repayment of a $10.0 million senior secured promissory note issued in April 2012, we wrote-off the unamortized debt discount totaling $0.8 million and incurred an early termination fee of $0.3 million, which were recorded to interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2013. In June 2014, we entered into a $10.0 million promissory note with a variable interest rate that varies with the prime rate. Accordingly, our interest expense will increase as the prime rate increases. In August 2015, pursuant to a purchase agreement, we issued and sold to affiliates of Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc. senior secured promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $40.0 million with a fixed interest rate and warrants to purchase up to 4.0 million shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $1.91 per share for aggregate consideration of $40.0 million. Accordingly, interest expense will increase as a result of the additional debt outstanding.

We have also acquired equipment under capital leases which results in interest expense over the lease term. We increased our capital lease obligations to $2.5 million as of December 31, 2013 from $0.4 million as of December 31, 2012, and our capital lease obligations were $2.0 million as of December 31, 2014.

Interest Income

Interest income consists primarily of interest earned on investments and cash balances. Our interest income will vary each reporting period depending on our average investment and cash balances during the period and market interest rates.

Change in Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Deemed Dividend on Convertible Notes

Until the effective date of the IPO, we accounted for the outstanding warrants exercisable into shares of our Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock as liability instruments, as the Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock into which these warrants were contingently convertible upon the occurrence of certain events or transactions. We also accounted for the outstanding warrants exercisable into a variable number of common shares at a fixed monetary amount as liability instruments. Our convertible notes were recorded at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as the predominant settlement feature of the convertible notes was to settle a fixed monetary amount in a variable number of shares. We adjusted the warrants and the convertible notes to fair value at each reporting period and on the effective date of the IPO with the change in estimated fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

Based on our operating performance (including the closing of several debt financings and the IPO) and changes in the probability and timing of, and estimated proceeds from, the completion of a an initial public offering in which the Company receives gross cash proceeds, before underwriting discounts, commissions and fees, of at least $30,000,000 (a Qualified IPO) or a sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets or a series of transactions that result in the transfer of more than 50% of the Company’s outstanding voting power (an Acquisition) between reporting dates or the issuance dates of the warrants, we recognized a net gain due to the change in the estimated fair value of financial instruments related to the warrants of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 and a net loss of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.

We issued $24.1 million in convertible notes during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we issued $6.5 million in convertible notes and converted $1.25 million of a convertible note into a promissory note. Based on our operating performance and changes in the probability and timing of, and estimated proceeds from, the completion of a Qualified IPO or an Acquisition between the reporting dates, or the issuance dates of these notes, we recognized a net gain due to the change in estimated fair value of financial instruments of $6.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 and a net loss of $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, relating to convertible notes. In addition to the ongoing adjustments to the estimated fair value of our convertible notes, we also recognized a one-time deemed dividend in connection with the issuance of certain convertible notes to preferred stockholders because we estimated the fair value of the

convertible notes as of the issuance dates to be greater than the cash proceeds received. Accordingly, we determined that the excess of the estimated fair value of the convertible notes on the dates of issuance over cash proceeds to us represents a deemed dividend to preferred stockholders, and $1.4 million and $2.0 million was reflected in the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

As a result of the automatic exercise of all Series A and Series B convertible preferred stock warrants and certain common stock warrants for shares of common stock, the automatic conversion of all convertible notes into common stock in accordance with their terms, and the exercise of all Series C convertible preferred stock warrants for shares of common stock in connection with our IPO in August 2013, there will not be any further adjustments to these warrants and convertible notes. In addition, upon completion of the IPO, the exercise price and number of shares to be issued upon exercise of the remaining outstanding common stock warrants became known. Accordingly, after the IPO, the fair value of the outstanding common stock warrant liability on the date of the IPO was reclassified to equity and will no longer be adjusted to its estimated fair value on each reporting date.

Income Tax Provision

Since our inception, we have been subject to income taxes principally in the United States. We anticipate that as we further expand our sales into foreign countries, we will become subject to taxation based on the foreign statutory rates and our effective tax rate could fluctuate accordingly.

Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. As of December 31, 2014, based on the available information, it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will not be realized, and accordingly we have taken a full valuation allowance against all of our United States deferred tax assets.

As of December 31, 2014, we had net operating loss carry-forwards for federal income tax reporting purposes of $128.2 million, which begin to expire in 2026, and California and other state net operating loss carry-forwards of $87.2 million and $30.7 million, respectively, which begin to expire in 2016. Additionally, as of December 31, 2014, we had federal research and development tax credit carry-forwards of $1.6 million, which begin to expire in 2026, and state research and development tax credit carry-forwards of $1.8 million, which have no expiration date.

Our ability to use its federal and state net operating loss carry-forwards and federal and state tax credit carryforwards to reduce future taxable income and future taxes, respectively, may be subject to restrictions attributable to equity transactions that may have resulted in a change of ownership as defined by Internal Revenue Code Section 382. In the event we have had such a change in ownership, utilization of these carryforwards could be severely restricted and could result in significant amounts of these carryforwards expiring prior to benefitting us.

Restatement

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations gives effect to the restatement adjustments made to the previously reported consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013. For additional information and a detailed discussion of the Restatement, see “Explanatory Note” on page i of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 2, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements” to the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

It also gives effect to the restatement adjustments made to the previously reported condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarterly and year to date periods ended March 31, 2014 (restated), June 30, 2014 (restated), March 31, 2013 (restated), June 30 2013 (restated), and September 30, 2013 (restated) and to the previously reported supplemental information for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2013 (restated). For additional information and a detailed discussion of the quarterly restatement, see Note 21, “Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)” to the Notes to our consolidated financial statements included in , “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth certain statements of operations data as a percentage of total revenues:


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	As restated
Revenues:
Product		85	%		90	%		95	%
License		2			2			2
Related party		13			8			3

Total revenues		100			100			100
Cost of product revenues ⁽¹⁾		103			86			61

Gross profit (loss)		(3	)		14			39
Operating expenses:
Research, development and patent		211			212			178
Non-cash charge associated with a convertible note		—			—			51
Selling, general and administrative		317			178			144

Total operating expenses		528			390			373

Loss from operations		(531	)		(376	)		(334	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		1			1			—
Interest expense		(32	)		(72	)		(34	)
Change in estimated fair value of financial instruments		—			80			(175	)
Gain on extinguishment of debt		—			—			—
Other expense, net		(3	)		(3	)		—

Total other income (expense), net		(34	)		6			(209	)

Income taxes		—			—			—

Net loss		(565	)%		(370	)%		(543	)%

⁽¹⁾

Includes 6%, 4% and 2% in cost of product revenues to related parties for the years ended December 31, 2014 2013, and 2012, respectively. See Note 18 of our accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Product Revenues


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
	2014			2013			2012
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Product revenues	$	7,750		$	7,588		$	6,777
% of total revenues		85	%		90	%		95	%

Our product revenues increased by approximately $0.2 million, or 2%, in 2014 compared to 2013 and $0.8 million, or 12%, in 2013 compared to 2012. Beginning in 2013 and continuing into 2014, as a result of additional terms being offered to customers, revenue was deferred for certain sales transactions and is being recognized on a sell-through basis compared to 2012 where all sales transactions were recognized on a sell-in basis. Product revenues increased in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to the recognition of revenue that was deferred in 2013. The extended drought in California and other markets has reduced demand for our products as fewer acres are planted, In addition, the departures of our former chief operating officer and significant members of our sales staff in the third quarter of 2014 and subsequent turnover in our sales and marketing department disrupted the 2014 launch of Venerate as well as growth in sales of our other commercialized products. Increases were partially offset by a decrease in sales of Grandevo and Regalia as a result of the extended drought in California and other markets which has reduced demand for our products as fewer acres are planted, the Florida citrus market experiencing a shortened bloom cycle resulting from changes in weather patterns and fewer pesticide and plant health products being used.

Product revenues increased in 2013 compared to 2012 due to increased acceptance of our products, with Grandevo representing an increased percentage of total sales as we launched the most popular formulation of Grandevo in the summer of 2012. In addition, increases in 2013 were partially offset by certain transactions being recognized on a sell-through basis rather than on a sell-in basis resulting in the deferral of revenue in 2013. There were no transactions recognized on a sell-through basis in 2012.

License Revenues


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	(Dollars in thousands)
License revenues	$	232		$	193		$	179
% of total revenues		2	%		2	%		2	%

License revenues related to certain strategic collaboration and distribution agreements increased by 20% in 2014 compared to 2013 and increased by 8% in 2013 compared to 2012 but do not comprise a significant portion of our total revenues.

Related Party Revenues


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
	2014			2013			2012
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Related party revenues	$	1,154		$	665		$	184
% of total revenues		13	%		8	%		3	%

Related party revenues increased by approximately $0.5 million, or 74%, in 2014 compared to 2013 and $0.5 million, or 261%, in 2013 compared to 2012. Related party revenues increased in 2014 compared to 2013 and in 2013 compared to 2012 due to increased product sales to The Tremont Group, Inc. as they increased sales of our product to a larger number of end users as a result of increased acceptance of our products.

Cost of Product Revenues and Gross Profit (Loss)


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
	2014			2013			2012
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Costs of product revenues	$	9,438		$	7,243		$	4,333
% of total revenues		103	%		86	%		61	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(302	)	$	1,203		$	2,807
% of total revenues (gross margin)		(3	)%		14	%		39	%

Our cost of product revenues increased by $2.2 million, or 30%, in 2014 compared to 2013 and $2.9 million, or 67%, in 2013 as compared to 2012. Our gross margins decreased from 14% to a negative 3% in 2014 compared to 2013 and from 39% to 14% in 2013 compared to 2012. Cost of product revenue increased and gross margin decreased in 2014 compared to 2013, primarily due to adjustments to the Company’s inventory reserve of $0.7 million for inventory that may not be used prior to expiration as a result of lower production and sales forecasts, a $0.9 million write-off of inventory primarily due identification of inventory that would not suitable for sale in future periods either due to the inventory not passing quality inspection or the efficacy had declined, and a $0.3 million write-down of the carrying value of inventory to net realizable value. In addition, our manufacturing plant began full-scale production in 2014, and as a result of actual utilization of the plant being less than what is considered normal capacity, $0.9 million in operating costs of the manufacturing plant were recorded to costs of product revenues in 2014 and not allocated to the cost of inventory. Cost of product revenues and gross margin were also negatively impacted in 2013 by a $0.2 million write-down of the carrying value of inventory to net realizable value, a $0.2 million write-off of inventory primarily due to the identification of inventory that was not suitable for sale and a $0.2 million write-down of the carrying value of deferred cost of product revenues to net realizable value.

Cost of product revenues increased and gross margin decreased in 2013 compared to 2012, in each case primarily due to a change in product mix, with Grandevo representing an increased percentage of total sales as we launched the most popular formulation of Grandevo in the summer of 2012 along with increased product acceptance leading to an overall increase in sales and cost of product revenues. Since Grandevo is early in its life cycle, our gross margins have been negatively affected. However, we expect to see a gradual increase in gross margin over the life cycle of each of our products, including Grandevo, as we improve production processes, gain efficiencies and increase product yields. Cost of product revenues and gross margin were also negatively impacted in 2013 by inventory write-offs as noted above. Cost of product revenues and gross margin were also negatively impacted in 2012 by a $0.9 million write-off of an early formulation of our Zequanox line of products that was not suitable for sale.

Research, Development and Patent Expenses


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
	2014			2013			2012
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Research, development and patent expenses	$	19,281		$	17,905		$	12,741
% of total revenues		211	%		212	%		178	%

Research, development and patent expense increased by $1.4 million, or 8%, in 2014 compared to 2013 and $5.2 million, or 41%, in 2013 compared to 2012. Research, development and patent expense was greater in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to an increase of $1.1 million in employee-related expenses, which consisted primarily of salaries, wages, severance and share-based compensation, $0.5 million in direct testing costs, $0.1 million in depreciation and $0.2 million in increased rent. This was offset by a decrease of $0.1 million in outside services, $0.2 million in supplies and materials and $0.2 million in travel related expenses.

Research, development and patent expense increased in 2013 compared to 2012 primarily due to an increase of $2.4 million in employee-related expenses, which consisted primarily of salaries, wages and share-based compensation, $1.5 million in direct testing costs, $0.4 million in outside services, $0.3 million in depreciation, a reduction of $0.2 million in grants received, and $0.3 million in travel and general costs.

Non-Cash Charge Associated with a Convertible Note


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	(Dollars in thousands)
Non-cash charge associated with a convertible note	$	—		$	—		$	3,610
% of total revenues		—	%		—	%		51	%

This one time charge was associated with the issuance of a convertible note during 2012 for which the estimated fair value at the date of issuance was greater than the proceeds received from the convertible note. Because the holder of this convertible note was one of our preferred stockholders and was an affiliate of one of our distributors as of the date of issuance, we recorded $0.3 million of the expense as a reduction to the revenues associated with the affiliated distributor from inception through the date of issuance, and the remaining $3.6 million was recorded in operating expenses as a non-recurring non-cash charge associated with a convertible note.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	28,950		$	15,017		$	10,294
% of total revenues		317	%		178	%		144	%

Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $13.9 million, or 93%, in 2014 compared to 2013 and $4.7 million, or 46%, in 2013 compared to 2012. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to an accrual of $1.8 million in 2014 for estimated penalties in connection with the SEC investigation and a $6.7 million increase in outside services, primarily related to approximately $5.8 million in accounting, consulting, and legal fees incurred as a result of the Audit Committee investigation. Employee related expenses, which consisted primarily of salaries, wages, and share based compensation also contributed to $3.2 million of the increase. An additional $1.4 million in startup and operating costs were incurred associated with the manufacturing facility not included in inventory or cost of product revenues, which commenced full-scale inventory production in 2014. General costs increased $0.3 million, primarily resulting from increasing costs associated with being a public company after the IPO in August 2013. Fixed expenses increased $0.4 million, primarily associated with increased rent and depreciation associated with the new corporate headquarters and lab space. In addition, travel and supplies and materials increased $0.2 million.

Selling, general and administrative expense increased in 2013 compared to 2012 primarily due to an increase of $2.3 million in employee-related expenses, driven by increased headcount, which primarily related to salaries, wages and share-based compensation and $0.4 million relating to a transition agreement with our former Chief Financial Officer. In addition, $1.4 million of the increase was attributable to outside services such as consulting and audit fees, as well as other professional services, $0.2 million was attributable to travel expenses and $0.4 million to other costs including rent, depreciation, supplies and materials.

Other Income (Expense), Net


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income	$	59		$	49		$	16
Interest expense		(2,907	)		(6,056	)		(2,466	)
Change in estimated fair value of financial instruments		—			6,717			(12,461	)
Gain on extinguishment of debt		—			49			—
Other expense , net		(278	)		(282	)		(45	)

Total other income (expense), net	$	(3,126	)	$	477		$	(14,956	)

Interest income, consisting primarily of interest on cash and short-term investments, was largely unchanged. Interest expense decreased in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily as a result of the conversion of convertible notes to common

stock upon completion of the initial public offering in August 2013. This was partially offset by an increase in interest as a result of the issuance of a $10.0 million variable rate promissory note in June 2014. Interest expense increased in 2013 compared to 2012 as a result of the issuance a $3.0 million convertible note in May 2013, for which we incurred $1.2 million of interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 as a result of the excess in the $4.2 million estimated fair value of the convertible note on the date of issuance compared to the cash received. In addition, in connection with the repayment of a promissory note in January 2013 which had been issued in April 2012, we wrote-off the unamortized debt discount totaling $0.8 million and incurred an early termination fee of $0.3 million, which were recorded to interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2013. The remainder of the change in interest expense was due to increased borrowings under notes payable, convertible notes and capital lease agreements.

The change in the estimated fair value of financial instruments was associated with outstanding warrants and convertible notes issued in 2012 and 2013. We issued $30.6 million in convertible notes, warrants to purchase 0.2 million shares of Series C convertible preferred stock and warrants for the issuance of a variable number of shares of common stock based on a fixed monetary amount during that time. This was offset by the decrease in convertible notes of $1.25 million in May 2013 in connection with the conversion of a portion of a convertible note in exchange for a promissory note. Upon the closing of the IPO, all shares of our outstanding convertible preferred stock and convertible notes automatically converted into shares of common stock and outstanding warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock and certain warrants to purchase common stock were exercised for shares of common stock. Accordingly, we ceased incurring the interest expense and change in estimated fair value of financial instruments associated with the convertible preferred stock and convertible notes. See the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 primarily reflects a losses on disposal of fixed assets in the amount of $0.2 million in each year. The remainder of other expense related to foreign currency transaction expenses incurred during the year.

The following table sets forth certain statements of operations data as a percentage of total revenues:


	THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,						NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013			2014			2013
				As restated						As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)						(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:
Product		85	%		82	%		85	%		89	%
License		3			3			2			2
Related Party		12			15			13			9

Total revenues		100			100			100			100
Cost of product revenues ⁽¹⁾		159			82			100			74

Gross profit (loss)		(59	)		18			—			26
Operating expenses:
Research, development and patent		219			231			166			189
Selling, general and administrative		336			234			244			170

Total operating expenses		555			465			410			359

Loss from operations		(614	)		(447	)		(410	)		(333	)
Other income (expense)
Interest income		1			1			1			—
Interest expense		(35	)		(58	)		(28	)		(87	)
Change in estimated fair value of financial instruments		—			193			—			109
Gain on extinguishment of debt		—			—			—			1
Other income (expense)		(6	)		(3	)		(3	)		(1	)

Total other income (expense), net		(40	)		133			(30	)		22

Income taxes		—			—			—			—

Net loss		(654	)%		(314	)%		(440	)%		(311	)%

⁽¹⁾

Includes cost of product revenues to related parties of 10% and 9% for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 6% and 5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. See Note 18 of our accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

Product Revenues


	THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Product revenues	$	1,881		$	1,589
% of total revenues		85	%		82	%

Product revenues increased by approximately $0.3 million, or 18%. Beginning in 2013 and continuing into 2014, as a result of additional terms being offered to customers, revenue was deferred for certain sales transactions and is being recognized on a sell-through basis compared to 2012 where all sales transactions were recognized on a sell-in basis. Product revenues increased in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to an increase the amount of revenue recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2014 that was deferred in prior periods. This was offset by a decrease in the amount of shipments to customers in the three months ended September 30, 2014

compared to the same period in 2013 primarily as a result of the departures of our former chief operating officer and significant members of our sales and marketing staff in the third quarter of 2014 which disrupted the 2014 launch of Venerate as well as growth in sales of our other commercialized products.

License Revenues


	THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
	(Dollars in thousands)
License revenues	$	65		$	48
% of total revenues		3	%		3	%

License revenues related to certain strategic collaboration and distribution agreements increased by 35% in the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013, but do not comprise a significant portion of our total revenues.

Related Party Revenues


	THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Related party revenues	$	254		$	296
% of total revenues		12	%		15	%

Related party revenues decreased by less than $0.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013 as we continue to recognize revenue upon resale of products by the Tremont Group, Inc. to its customers.

Cost of Product Revenues and Gross Profit (Loss)


	THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Cost of product revenues	$	3,502		$	1,594
% of total revenues		159	%		82	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(1,302	)	$	339
% of total revenues		(59	)%		18	%

Cost of product revenues increased by $1.9 million, or 120% in the three months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2013. Gross margin decreased from 18% in the three months ended September 30, 2013 to a negative 59% in the three months ended September 30, 2014. Cost of product revenue increased and gross margin decreased in 2014 primarily due to adjustments to the Company’s inventory reserve of $0.5 million for inventory that may not be used prior to expiration as a result of lower production and sales forecasts, a $0.6 million write-off of inventory primarily due to the identification of inventory that was not suitable for sale and a $0.2 million write-down of the carrying value of inventory to net realizable value. In addition, our manufacturing plant began full-scale production in 2014, and as a result of actual utilization of the plant being less than what is considered normal capacity, $0.3 million in operating costs of the manufacturing plant were recorded to costs of product revenues

in 2014 and not allocated to the cost of inventory. Cost of product revenues and gross margin were also negatively impacted in 2013 by a $0.2 million write down of the carrying value of deferred cost of product revenues to net realizable value.

Research, Development and Patent Expenses


	THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
	(Dollars in thousands)
Research, development and patent expenses	$	4,817		$	4,454
% of total revenues		219	%		231	%

Research, development and patent expenses increased by approximately $0.4 million, or 8%, primarily due to an increase of $0.2 million in direct research and development testing, an increase of $0.1 million in fixed expenses primarily associated with depreciation, an increase of $0.1 million associated with increased general and outside services expenses primarily associated with consulting services.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses


	THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	7,394		$	4,527
% of total revenues		336	%		234	%

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $2.9 million, or 63%, due primarily to an increase of $1.1 million in outside services, primarily related to accounting, consulting, and legal fees incurred as a result of the Audit Committee’s independent investigation, and an accrual in 2014 of $1.8 million for estimated penalties in connection with the SEC investigation.

Other Income (Expense), Net


	THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income	$	21		$	24
Interest expense		(769	)		(1,122	)
Change in estimated fair value of financial instruments		—			3,730
Other expense, net		(139	)		(67	)

Total other income (expense), net	$	(887	)	$	2,565

The change in the estimated fair value of financial instruments was associated with outstanding warrants and convertible notes issued in 2012 and 2013. Upon the closing of the IPO, all shares of our outstanding convertible

preferred stock and convertible notes automatically converted into shares of common stock and outstanding warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock and certain warrants to purchase common stock were exercised for shares of common stock. Accordingly, we ceased to incur the interest expense and change in estimated fair value of financial instruments associated with the convertible preferred stock and convertible notes.

Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

Product Revenues


	NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Product revenues	$	6,812		$	5,473
% of total revenues		85	%		89	%

Product revenues increased by approximately $1.3 million, or 24%. Beginning in 2013 and continuing into 2014, as a result of additional terms being offered to customers, revenue was deferred for certain sales transactions and is being recognized on a sell-through basis compared to 2012 where all sales transactions were recognized on a sell-in basis. Product revenues increased in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to an increase the amount of revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 that was deferred in prior periods. This was offset by a decrease in the amount of shipments to customers in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 primarily as a result of the departures of our former chief operating officer and significant members of our sales and marketing staff in the third quarter of 2014 which disrupted the 2014 launch of Venerate as well as growth in sales of our other commercialized products.

License Revenues


	NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
	(Dollars in thousands)
License revenues	$	161		$	144
% of total revenues		2	%		2	%

License revenues related to certain strategic collaboration and distribution agreements increased by 12% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, but do not comprise a significant portion of our total revenues.

Related Party Revenues


	NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Related party revenues	$	1,065		$	555
% of total revenues		13	%		9	%

Related party revenues increased by $0.5 million, or 92%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as we continue to recognize revenue upon resale of products by the Tremont Group, Inc. to its customers.

Cost of Product Revenues and Gross Profit (Loss)


	NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Cost of product revenues	$	8,006		$	4,593
% of total revenues		100	%		74	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	32		$	1,579
% of total revenues		0	%		26	%

Our cost of product revenues increased by $3.4 million, or 74% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Our gross margin decreased from 26% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 to 0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Cost of product revenue increased and gross margin decreased, primarily due to adjustments to our inventory reserve of $0.7 million for inventory that may not be used prior to expiration as a result of lower production and sales forecasts, a $0.8 million write-off of inventory primarily due to the identification of inventory that was not suitable for sale and a $0.3 million write-down of the carrying value of inventory to net realizable value. In addition, our manufacturing plant began full-scale production in 2014, and as a result of actual utilization of the plant being less than what is considered normal capacity, $0.3 million in operating costs of the manufacturing plant were recorded to costs of product revenues in 2014 and not allocated to the cost of inventory. Cost of product revenues and gross margin were also negatively impacted in 2013 by a $0.2 million write down of the carrying value of deferred cost of product revenues to net realizable value.

Research, Development and Patent Expenses


	NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
	(Dollars in thousands)
Research, development and patent expenses	$	13,378		$	11,678
% of total revenues		166	%		189	%

Research, development and patent expense increased by $1.7 million, or 14%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Research, development and patent expense was greater in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to an increase of $1.2 million in employee-related expenses, which consisted primarily of salaries, wages, severance and share-based compensation, $0.3 million in fixed expenses consisting primarily of rent and depreciation, $0.2 million in direct testing costs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses


	NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	19,636		$	10,491
% of total revenues		244	%		170	%

Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $8.9 million, or 85%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2013 primarily due to an increase of $3.2 million employee-related expenses, primarily related to salaries, wages and severance-related costs, an increase in of $1.8 million in outside services, primarily related to accounting, consulting, and legal fees incurred as a result of the Audit Committee’s independent investigation, an accrual of $1.8 million in 2014 for estimated penalties in

connection with the SEC investigation, and increase of $1.4 million associated with the manufacturing plant prior to beginning full-scale manufacturing in the second quarter of 2014 which were not recorded to inventory or cost of product revenues, an increase of $0.3 million in fixed expenses primarily related to insurance as a result of becoming a public company in August 2013, an increase of $0.3 million in general expenses primarily resulting from reporting costs associated with being a public company, an increase of $0.3 million in travel expenses primarily related to airfare and lodging, and an increase of $0.1 million in supplies and materials.

Other Income (Expense), Net


	NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
	2014			2013
				As restated
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income	$	42		$	25
Interest expense		(2,238	)		(5,341	)
Change in estimated fair value of financial instruments		—			6,717
Gain on extinguishment of debt		—			49
Other expense, net		(246	)		(81	)

Total other expense, net	$	(2,442	)	$	1,369

Interest expense decreased primarily due to the conversion of convertible notes into shares of our common stock immediately following the completion of the IPO in August 2013. Accordingly, we ceased to incur the interest expense associated with these convertible notes. In addition, interest expense decreased as a result of issuing a $3.0 million convertible note in May 2013, and recording $1.2 million in interest expense, during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as a result of the excess in the $4.2 million estimated fair value of the convertible note on the date of issuance compared with the cash received. This was partially offset by an increase in interest expense as we issued promissory notes in the amount of $10.0 million in June 2014.

Seasonality and Quarterly Results

Sales of our crop protection products have been, and are generally expected to be, seasonal. Regalia and Grandevo, which accounted for the majority of revenues in recent periods, have historically been sold and applied to crops in greater quantity in the second and fourth quarters, with lowest sales in third quarter when there is the lowest pest and disease pressure in the United States. We expect this trend to continue in the future, but this seasonality could be reduced, or we could experience seasonality in different periods than anticipated, as a result of various factors, including if we expand into new geographical territories or introduce new products with different applicable growing seasons, or if a more significant component of our revenue becomes comprised of sales of Zequanox, which has a separate seasonal sales cycle compared to our crop protection products.

Notwithstanding anticipated seasonality, we expect substantial fluctuation in sales year over year and quarter over quarter, and seasonality could be reduced or enhanced, as a result of a number of variables on which sales of our products are dependent. Weather conditions, natural disasters and other factors affect planting and growing seasons and incidence of pests and plant disease, and accordingly affect decisions by our distributors, direct customers and end users about the types and amounts of pest management and plant health products to purchase and the timing of use of such products. In addition, disruptions that cause delays by growers in harvesting or planting can result in the movement of orders to a future quarter, which would negatively affect the quarter and cause fluctuations in our operating results. For example, late snows and cold temperatures in the Midwestern and Eastern United States in the first and second quarters of 2014 delayed planting and pesticide and plant health applications. Customers also may purchase large quantities of our products in a particular quarter to store and use over long periods of time or time their purchases to manage their inventories, which may cause significant fluctuations in our operating results for a particular quarter or year, and low commodity prices may discourage growers from purchasing our products in an effort to reduce their costs and increase their margins for a growing season.

The level of seasonality in our business overall is difficult to evaluate as a result of our relatively early stage of development, our relatively limited number of commercialized products, our expansion into new geographical territories, the introduction of new products and the timing of introductions of new formulations and products. It is possible that our business may be more seasonal, or experience seasonality in different periods, than anticipated. For example, if sales of Zequanox become a more significant component of our revenue, the separate seasonal sales cycles could cause further shifts in our quarterly revenue. Other factors may also contribute to the unpredictability of our operating results, including the size and timing of significant distributor transactions, the delay or deferral of use of our products and the fiscal or quarterly budget cycles of our distributors, direct customers and end users. Customers may purchase large quantities of our products in a particular quarter to store and use over long periods of time or time their purchases to manage their inventories, which may cause significant fluctuations in our operating results for a particular quarter or year.

The following tables set forth our unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues for each of the four quarters covering fiscal years 2013 and 2014. We have prepared the quarterly consolidated statements of operations data on a basis consistent with the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the financial information reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which we consider necessary for a fair presentation of this data. This information should be read in connection with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any future period.

Fiscal Year 2013:


	MARCH 31, 2013			JUNE 30, 2013			SEPTEMBER 30, 2013			DECEMBER 31, 2013
	As restated⁽¹⁾			As restated⁽¹⁾			As restated⁽¹⁾			As restated⁽¹⁾
	(In thousands)
	(Unaudited)
Revenues:
Product	$	2,089		$	1,795		$	1,589		$	2,115
License		48			48			48			49
Related party		54			205			296			110

Total revenues		2,191			2,048			1,933			2,274
Cost of product revenues ⁽²⁾		1,414			1,585			1,594			2,650

Gross profit (loss)		777			463			339			(376	)
Operating expenses:
Research, development and patent		3,283			3,941			4,454			6,227
Selling, general and administrative		2,847			3,117			4,527			4,526

Total operating expenses		6,130			7,058			8,981			10,753

Loss from operations		(5,353	)		(6,595	)		(8,642	)		(11,129	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		1			—			24			24
Interest expense		(1,968	)		(2,251	)		(1,122	)		(715	)
Change in estimated fair value of financial instruments		(3,563	)		6,550			3,730			—
Gain on extinguishment of debt		—			49			—			—
Other expense, net		(7	)		(7	)		(67	)		(201	)

Total other income (expense), net		(5,537	)		4,341			2,565			(892	)

Income taxes		—			—			—			—

Net loss	$	(10,890	)	$	(2,254	)	$	(6,077	)	$	(12,021	)


	MARCH 31, 2013			JUNE 30, 2013			SEPTEMBER 30, 2013			DECEMBER 31, 2013
	As restated⁽¹⁾			As restated⁽¹⁾			As restated⁽¹⁾			As restated⁽¹⁾
	(Unaudited)
Revenues:
Product		95	%		88	%		82	%		93	%
License		2			2			3			2
Related party		3			10			15			5

Total revenues		100			100			100			100
Cost of product revenues ⁽³⁾		64			78			83			117

Gross profit (loss)		36			22			17			(17	)
Operating expenses:
Research, development and patent		150			192			230			274
Selling, general and administrative		130			152			234			199

Total operating expenses		280			344			464			473

Loss from operations		(244	)		(322	)		(447	)		(490	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		—			—			1			1
Interest expense		(90	)		(110	)		(58	)		(31	)
Change in estimated fair value of financial instruments		(163	)		320			193			—
Gain on extinguishment of debt		—			2			—			—
Other expense, net		—			—			(3	)		(9	)

Total other income (expense), net		(253	)		212			133			(39	)

Income taxes		—			—			—			—

Net loss		(497	)%		(110	)%		(314	)%		(529	)%

⁽¹⁾	For adjustments related to 2013, see Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

⁽²⁾

Includes $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million in cost of product revenues to related parties for the quarters ended June 30, 2013, September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2013, respectively. There were no cost of product revenues to related parties for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. See Note 18 of our accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

⁽³⁾

Includes 0%, 6%, 9% and 3% in cost of product revenues to related parties for the quarters ended March 31, 2013, June 30, 2013, September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2013, respectively. See Note 18 of our accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Fiscal Year 2014:


	MARCH 31, 2014			JUNE 30, 2014			SEPTEMBER 30, 2014			DECEMBER 31, 2014
	As restated⁽¹⁾			As restated⁽¹⁾
	(In thousands)
	(Unaudited)
Revenues:
Product	$	2,054		$	2,877		$	1,881		$	938
License		45			51			65			71
Related party		605			206			254			89

Total revenues		2,704			3,134			2,200			1,098
Cost of product revenues ⁽²⁾		1,793			2,711			3,502			1,432

Gross profit (loss)		911			423			(1,302	)		(334	)
Operating expenses:
Research, development and patent		4,297			4,264			4,817			5,903
Selling, general and administrative		6,324			5,920			7,394			9,312

Total operating expenses		10,621			10,184			12,211			15,215

Loss from operations		(9,710	)		(9,761	)		(13,513	)		(15,549	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		10			11			21			17
Interest expense		(606	)		(863	)		(769	)		(669	)
Other expense, net		(9	)		(98	)		(139	)		(32	)

Total other income (expense), net		(605	)		(950	)		(887	)		(684	)

Income taxes		—			—			—			—

Net loss	$	(10,315	)	$	(10,711	)	$	(14,400	)	$	(16,233	)


	MARCH 31, 2014			JUNE 30, 2014			SEPTEMBER 30, 2014			DECEMBER 31, 2014
	As restated⁽¹⁾			As restated⁽¹⁾
	(Unaudited)
Revenues:
Product		76	%		92	%		85	%		85	%
License		2			2			3			7
Related party		22			6			12			8

Total revenues		100			100			100			100
Cost of product revenues ⁽³⁾		66			87			159			130

Gross profit (loss)		34			13			(59	)		(30	)
Operating expenses:
Research, development and patent		159			136			219			538
Selling, general and administrative		234			188			336			848

Total operating expenses		393			324			555			1,386

Loss from operations		(359	)		(311	)		(614	)		(1,416	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		—			—			1			2
Interest expense		(22	)		(28	)		(35	)		(61	)
Other expense, net		—			(3	)		(6	)		(3	)

Total other income (expense), net		(22	)		(31	)		(40	)		(62	)

Income taxes		—			—			—			—

Net loss		(381	)%		(342	)%		(654	)%		(1,478	)%

⁽¹⁾	For adjustments related to 2014, see Note 2, Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

⁽²⁾

Includes $0.2 million, $0.1 million, $0.2 million and less than $0.1 million in cost of product revenues to related parties for the quarters ended March 31, 2014, June 30, 2014, September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2014, respectively. See Note 18 of our accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

⁽³⁾

Includes 6%, 4%, 10% and 4% in cost of product revenues to related parties for the quarters ended March 31, 2014, June 30, 2014, September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2014, respectively. See Note 18 of our accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II-Item 8-“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

From our inception until the IPO in August 2013, our operations have been financed primarily by net proceeds from the private placements of convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, promissory notes, term loans, as well as proceeds from the sale of our products and payments under strategic collaboration and distribution agreements and government grants.

In the IPO, we issued 5.5 million shares of our common stock (inclusive of 0.7 million shares of common stock sold upon the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares). The public offering price of the shares sold in the offering was $12.00 per share. The total gross proceeds from the offering to us were $65.6 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, the aggregate net proceeds received totaled approximately $56.1 million.

In June 2014, we completed a public offering of 4.6 million shares of our common stock (inclusive of 0.7 million shares of common stock sold upon the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares). The public offering price of the shares sold in the offering was $9.50 per share. The total gross proceeds from the offering to us were $43.5 million, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, the aggregate net proceeds received totaled $39.9 million. In addition, in June 2014, we borrowed $10.0 million pursuant to a promissory note with a bank. This note requires us to maintain a deposit balance with the lender of $1.6 million. In addition, until we provide documentation that proceeds were used for construction of the manufacturing plant, proceeds from the loan will be maintained in a restricted deposit account. As of September 30, 2015, we had $1.9 million remaining in the restricted deposit account. In August 2015, we also borrowed $40.0 million pursuant to senior secured promissory notes with lenders. These notes require us to maintain a cash and cash equivalents balance of $15.0 million.

As of December 31, 2014, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $35.3 million. In August 2015, we issued and sold senior secured promissory notes to three affiliated lenders in the aggregate principal amount of $40.0 million. The notes bear interest at a rate of 8% per annum payable semi-annually on June 30 or December 31 of each year, commencing on December 31, 2015, with $10 million payable three years from the closing, $10 million payable four years from the closing, and $20 million payable five years from the closing. After this financing, as of September 30, 2015, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $27.8 million and we had restricted cash of $18.4 million in total relating to cash that we are contractually obligated to maintain in accordance with our debt agreements. We believe our current cash and cash equivalents, available proceeds from the August 2015 issuance and sale of $40.0 million in senior secured promissory notes and cash from revenues, will be sufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements for the next 12 months. However, we may seek additional funding through debt or equity financings that may be used, among other things, to expand our product development and sales and marketing efforts, to increase capacity of our manufacturing facility, to complete strategic transactions and/or for working capital. Adequate funds for this and the other purposes may not be available to us when needed or on acceptable terms, and we may need to raise capital that may not be available on favorable or acceptable terms, if at all. If we cannot raise money when needed, we may have to reduce or slow product development activities, further reduce operating expenses and/or reduce capital investment.

Since our inception, we have incurred significant net losses, and, as of December 31, 2014, we had an accumulated deficit of $157.8 million, and we expect to incur additional losses related to the continued development and expansion of our business. Our liquidity may be negatively impacted as a result of slower than expected adoption of our products. We have certain strategic collaboration and distribution agreements under which we receive payments for the achievement of testing validation, regulatory progress and commercialization events. As of December 31, 2014, we had received an aggregate of $2.9 million in payments and had $0.8 million currently due and payable under these agreements. In addition, there will be an additional $0.5 million in payments due on certain anniversaries of regulatory approval and an additional $1.6 million in payments under these agreements that we could potentially receive if the testing validation, regulatory progress and commercialization events occur.

For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, we used $13.0 million, $4.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively, in cash to fund capital expenditures. In July 2012, we acquired a manufacturing facility, formerly used as a biodiesel plant. Repurposing of the facility was completed in 2014 and included installation of fermentation tanks and the construction of a dedicated building to house them. In December 2013, we produced the first test batch of Grandevo at this facility and began full-scale production of our products using our own manufacturing capacity in 2014. The facility now accommodates full-scale production of Regalia, which we successfully produced in small-scale in 2013, and full-scale fermentation of Grandevo and Zequanox.

We had the following debt arrangements in place as of December 31, 2014, in each case as discussed below (dollars in thousands):


DESCRIPTION	STATED ANNUAL INTEREST RATE			PRINCIPAL AMOUNT BALANCE (INCLUDING ACCRUED INTEREST)		PAYMENT/MATURITY
Term Loan ⁽¹⁾		7.00	%	$	183	Monthly/April 2016
Promissory Notes⁽²⁾		12.00	%	$	12,575	Monthly⁽⁴⁾/October 2015
Promissory Note ⁽³⁾		5.25	%	$	9,899	Monthly/June 2036

⁽¹⁾	See “—Term Loan.”

⁽²⁾	See “—October 2012 and April 2013 Secured Promissory Notes.”

⁽³⁾	See “—June 2014 Secured Promissory Note.”

⁽⁴⁾	Monthly payments are interest only until maturity.

Term Loan

In March 2012, we entered into a term loan agreement with Five Star Bank, which replaced our existing revolving line of credit with the bank. Under the term loan agreement, we are obligated to repay the loan at a rate of approximately $12,000 per month through maturity.

Under the terms of the term loan agreement, all of our outstanding debt to Five Star Bank is secured by all of our inventory, chattel paper, accounts receivable, equipment and general intangibles (excluding certain financed equipment and any intellectual property). Among other things, a payment default with respect to each of the promissory notes and the term loan, as well as other events such as a default under other loans or agreements that would materially affect us, constitute events of default. Upon an event of default, Five Star Bank may declare the entire unpaid principal and interest immediately due and payable. This loan was paid off in August 2015.

October 2012 and April 2013 Secured Promissory Notes

In October 2012, we completed the sale of promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $7.5 million to 12 lenders in a private placement. In addition, in April 2013, we completed the sale of an additional $4.95 million of promissory notes to 10 lenders in a private placement under an amendment to the note purchase agreement in exchange for $3.7 million in cash and $1.25 million in cancellation of indebtedness under a

previously outstanding convertible note. Maturity, currently October 2015, may be extended in one year increments for a period of no more than two years. In the event the maturity date is extended, the interest rate increases to 13% in the first year of the extension and the note matures in October 2016, and if extended for an additional year thereafter, the interest rate increases to 14% in the second year of extension and the note matures in October 2017. These promissory notes are secured by a security interest in all of our present and future accounts receivable, chattel paper, commercial tort claims, goods, inventory, equipment, personal property, instruments, investment properties, documents, letter of credit rights, deposit accounts, general intangibles, records, real property, appurtenances and fixtures, tenant improvements and intellectual property, which consists of our patents, copyrights and other intangibles.

As of December 31, 2014, we were in breach of our covenants under the agreement as a result of our failure to provide annual financial statements in a timely manner and our being in breach of covenants on the June 2014 Secured Promissory Note as described below. However, in November 2015, the Company received an extension from the lending agent with respect to compliance with the requirements to deliver annual financial statements to the earlier of (i) November 15, 2015 or (ii) such time such financial statements are filed with the SEC. This covenant breach was cured in November 2015, as a result of obtaining this extension and the waiver of certain of its covenants with respect to the June 2014 Secured Promissory Note, as described below.

In August 2015, the terms of the notes were amended, resulting in an increase in the interest rate to 18% effective September 1, 2015 for the remaining term of the notes. The Company also provided written notice in September 2015 to extend the maturity date to October 2, 2017.

June 2014 Secured Promissory Note

In June 2014, we borrowed $10.0 million pursuant to a business loan agreement and promissory note with Five Star Bank which bears interest at prime rate plus 2.00% per annum. The interest rate is subject to change from time to time to reflect changes in the prime rate; however, the interest rate shall not be less than 5.25% or more than the maximum rate allowed by applicable law. If the interest rate increases, the lender, may, at its option, increase the amount of each monthly payment to ensure that the note would be paid in full by the maturity date, increase the amount of each monthly payment to reflect the change in interest rate, increase the number of monthly payments, or keep the monthly payments the same and increase the final payment amount. As of December 31, 2014, the interest rate was 5.25%.

The June 2014 Secured Promissory Note is repayable in monthly payments of $64,390 commencing July 13, 2014, with the final payment due on June 13, 2036. Certain of our deposit accounts and our subsidiary’s inventories, chattel paper, accounts, equipment and general intangibles have been pledged as collateral for the promissory note. We are required to maintain a deposit balance with the lender of $1.6 million, which was recorded as restricted cash included in noncurrent assets. In addition, until we provide documentation that the proceeds were used for construction of the manufacturing plant, proceeds from the loan will be maintained in a restricted deposit account. As of December 31, 2014, we had $1.9 million remaining in this restricted deposit account, which was recorded as restricted cash included in current assets.

We may prepay 20% of the outstanding principal loan balance each year without penalty. A prepayment fee of 10% will be charged if prepayments exceed 20% in the first year, and the prepayment fee will decrease by 1% each year for the first ten years of the loan.

We are required to maintain a current ratio of not less than 1.25-to-1.0, a debt-to-worth ratio of no greater than 4.0-to-1.0 and maintain a loan-to-value ratio of no greater than 70% as determined by the lender. We are also required to comply with certain affirmative and negative covenants under the loan agreement discussed above. In the event of default on the debt, the lender may declare the entire unpaid principal and interest immediately due and payable. As of December 31, 2014, we were in breach of the covenants under the loan agreement as a result of our annual and quarterly reports not being filed within the prescribed time period and our being in breach of

covenants on the October 2012 and April 2013 Secured Promissory Notes, described above. Effective, September 30, 2015, our debt-to-worth ratio was greater than 4.0-to-1.0 as a result of the issuance of $40.0 million in promissory notes in August 2015, described below, increasing our debt and the continuing net loss increasing our accumulated deficit. However, in November 2015, we received a waiver from the lender with respect to compliance with the requirements to as of September 30, 2015, the Company was in breach of its covenants under the notes as the Company was in breach of its covenants under its October 2012 and April 2013 Secured Promissory Notes and June 2014 Secured Promissory Note as discussed above. However, these breaches were cured in November 2015, as a result of the Company obtaining an extension to deliver its annual financial statements with respect to the October 2013 and April 2013 Secured Promissory Notes and the waiver of certain of the Company’s covenants with respect to the June 2014 Secured Promissory Note as described above.

August 2015 Senior Secured Promissory Notes

On August 20, 2015, we issued and sold senior secured promissory notes to three affiliated lenders in the aggregate principal amount of $40.0 million. The notes bear interest at a rate of 8% per annum payable semi-annually on June 30 or December 31 of each year, commencing on December 31, 2015, with $10.0 million payable three years from the closing, $10.0 million payable four years from the closing, and $20.0 million payable five years from the closing. The notes contain customary covenants, in addition to the obligation to maintain cash and cash equivalents of at least $15.0 million.

The notes are secured by substantially our personal property assets. The lenders shall be entitled to have a first priority lien on our intellectual property assets, pursuant to intercreditor arrangements with certain of our existing lenders. The notes provide for various events of default, including, among others, default in payment of principal or interest, breach of any representation or warranty by us or any subsidiary under any agreement or document delivered in connection with the notes, a continued breach of any other condition or obligation under any loan documents, certain bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or change of control events, the acquisition by any person or persons acting as group, other than the lenders, of beneficial ownership of 40% or more of our outstanding voting stock and certain events in which Pamela G. Marrone, Ph.D. ceases to serve as our Chief Executive Officer. Upon an event of default, the entire unpaid principal and interest may be declared immediately due and payable. As of September 30, 2015, we were in breach of certain of the covenants under the August 2015 note because we were in breach of certain of the covenants under our October 2012 and April 2013 notes and June 2014 note, each as discussed above. However, these breaches were cured in November 2015, as a result of our obtaining an extension to deliver our annual financial statements with respect to the October 2013 and April 2013 notes and the waiver of certain of our covenants with respect to the June 2014 note, each as described above.

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	(In thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(35,935	)	$	(34,064	)	$	(22,425	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		671			(17,620	)		(757	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		46,133			66,133			30,973

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	10,869		$	14,449		$	7,791

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities of $35.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014 primarily resulted from our net loss of $51.7 million, which included $4.6 million of share-based compensation expense, $2.6 million of depreciation and amortization expense, loss on disposal assets of $0.2 million and $0.8 million of non-cash interest expense. The net loss also included approximately $5.8 million in accounting, consulting, and legal fees incurred as a result of the Audit Committee’s independent investigation. In addition, net cash used in operating activities resulted from decreases in deferred revenue of $0.1 million and deferred

revenue from related parties of $0.7 million and increases in prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.3 million. This was offset by decreases in accounts receivable of $2.0 million, deferred cost of product revenues of $1.1 million, inventory of $0.1, million and accounts receivable from related parties of $0.9 million, and increases in customer refund liabilities of $1.0 million, accounts payable of $1.7 million and accrued and other liabilities of $1.9 million.

Net cash used in operating activities of $34.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 primarily resulted from our net loss of $31.2 million, which included a gain of $6.7 million in connection with a change in the fair value of financial instruments and $4.3 million in non-cash interest expense, $2.3 million in share-based compensation expense, $1.0 million in depreciation and amortization expense and $0.2 million in loss on disposal of equipment. In addition, net cash used in operating activities resulted from increases in accounts receivable of $1.0 million, accounts receivable due from related parties of $0.8 million, inventory of $7.8 million and deferred cost of product revenues of $2.9 million. This was offset by increases in deferred revenue of $3.5 million, deferred revenue from related parties of $0.9 million, accounts payable of $1.7 million, and accrued and other liabilities of $1.1 million as well as decreases in prepaid expenses and other assets of $1.4 million.

Net cash used in operating activities of $22.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2012 primarily resulted from our net loss of $38.8 million, which included non-cash charges of $12.5 million in connection with a change in fair value of financial instruments, $3.9 million in connection with the issuance of a convertible note, $1.2 million of non-cash interest expense, $0.7 million in share-based compensation and $0.6 million in depreciation and amortization. In addition, net cash used in operating activities resulted from net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $2.5 million, primarily due to increases in inventory of $1.6 million, $2.5 million in accounts receivable, $0.1 million in accounts receivable from related parties and $2.1 million in prepaid expenses and other assets, offset by an increase of $0.3 million in deferred revenue, $0.9 million in deferred revenue from related parties and $2.6 million in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities of $0.7 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014 primarily resulted from $13.0 million used for the purchase of property, plant and equipment, primarily associated improvements related to the manufacturing plant, which was offset by $13.7 million in cash provided from maturities of short-term investments.

Net cash used in investing activities of $17.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 primarily resulted from $4.0 million used for the purchase of property, plant and equipment, primarily associated with improvements related to the manufacturing plant and $17.5 million in cash for the purchase of short-term investments, offset by $3.8 million in cash provided by maturities of short-term investments.

Net cash used in investing activities was $0.8 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, consisting of approximately $2.8 million used for purchase of property, plant and equipment, primarily associated with the purchase of the manufacturing plant and its subsequent improvement, offset by $2.0 million provided from the maturity of a short-term investment.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $46.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014 consisted primarily of $39.9 million in proceeds from the secondary offering, net of offering costs and underwriter commissions, $9.7 million from the issuance of debt and warrants, net of financing costs, $4.7 million in proceeds from the line of credit and $1.4 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants. This was offset by $4.7 million in payments on the line of credit, $1.5 million in payments on our debt and capital leases and $3.4 million transferred to restricted cash.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $66.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 consisted primarily of $56.1 million in proceeds from the initial public offering, net of offering costs and underwriter commissions, $6.5 million from the issuance of convertible notes, $3.7 million from the issuance of debt, net of financing costs, $9.1 million from the release of restricted cash, $2.9 million in proceeds from secured borrowing and $0.3 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. This was offset by $9.6 million in payments on our debt and capital leases and $2.9 million in reductions of secured borrowing.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $31.0 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2012 consisted primarily of $24.1 million from the issuance of convertible notes, $17.4 million from the issuance of debt, net of financing costs and $0.5 million in draws on our line of credit, partially offset by $9.1 million transferred from cash to restricted cash as part of our obligations under a debt agreement to repay a then-outstanding note payable and $1.9 million in payments on our line of credit, debt and capital lease obligations.

Contractual Obligations

The following is a summary of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2014:


	TOTAL		2015		2016-2017		2018-2019		2020 AND BEYOND
	(In thousands)
Operating lease obligations	$	4,645	$	1,111	$	1,970	$	1,564	$	—
Debt and capital leases		24,529		14,677		779		610		8,463
Interest payments relating to debt and capital leases		7,957		1,748		1,006		935		4,268

Total	$	37,131	$	17,536	$	3,755	$	3,109	$	12,731

Operating leases consist of contractual obligations from agreements for non-cancelable office space and leases used to finance the acquisition of equipment. Debt and capital equipment leases payments and the interest payments relating thereto include promissory notes and capital lease obligations in accordance with payment terms under the agreements.

In September 2013 and then amended in April 2014, we entered into a lease agreement for a new 27,300 square foot office and laboratory facility located in Davis, California. The initial term of the lease is for a period of 60 months and commenced in August 2014. The monthly base rent is $44,000 for the first 12 months with a 3% increase each year thereafter. We have an option to extend the lease term twice for a period of five years each. In addition, concurrent with the amendment in April 2014, we entered into a lease agreement with an affiliate of the landlord to lease approximately 17,400 square feet of office and laboratory space in the same building complex in Davis, California. The initial term of the lease is for a period of 60 months and commenced in August 2014. The monthly base rent is $28,000 with a 3% increase each year thereafter.

In addition, we continue to lease a portion of our old headquarters’ location on Second Street in Davis until that lease expires in October 2016. We expect to enter into agreements to sublease the portions of the current and old office facilities that we are not currently utilizing.

Since December 31, 2014, we have not added any additional leases that would qualify as operating leases. In August 2015, we issued and sold senior secured promissory notes to three affiliated lenders in the aggregate principal amount of $40.0 million. The notes bear interest at a rate of 8% per annum payable semi-annually on June 30 or December 31 of each year, commencing on December 31, 2015, with $10 million payable three years from the closing, $10 million payable four years from the closing, and $20 million payable five years from the closing.

Inflation

We believe that inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not been involved in any material off-balance sheet arrangements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (ASU 2014-09). ASU 2014-09 requires entities to recognize revenue through the application of a five-step model, which includes identification of the contract, identification of the performance obligations, determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations and recognition of revenue as the entity satisfies the performance obligations. ASU 2014-09 will become effective for us beginning January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the guidance to determine the potential impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and financial statement disclosures.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (ASU 2014-15). ASU 2014-15 requires that management assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. We are currently evaluating the guidance to determine the potential impact on our financial statement disclosures.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Interest – Imputation of Interest (Topic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (ASU 2015-03). ASU 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs is not affected by ASU 2015-03. ASU 2015-03 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Upon adoption, we will reclassify debt issuance costs from prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets to debt, current portion on the consolidated balance sheets; we do not otherwise anticipate adoption will materially impact our statements of financial position or results of operations.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (ASU 2015-11), which applies guidance on subsequent measurement of inventory. An entity should measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonable predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The guidance excludes inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. ASU 2015-11 will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will materially change the presentation of its consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market (net of realizable value or replacement cost) and include the cost of material and external and internal labor and manufacturing costs. Cost is determined on the first-in, first-out basis. We provide for inventory reserves when conditions indicate that the selling price may be less than cost due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other factors. Additionally, we provide reserves for excess and slow-moving inventory to its estimated net realizable value. The reserves are based upon estimates about future demand from our customers and distributors and market conditions.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as an exit price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. A three tier fair value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1, observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly; and Level 3, unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires that we develop our own assumptions. This hierarchy requires the use of observable data, when available, and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value.

Until the effective date of the IPO, we accounted for the outstanding warrants exercisable into shares of our Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock as liability instruments, as these warrants were convertible into Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred stock upon the occurrence of certain events or transactions. We also accounted for the outstanding warrants exercisable into a variable number of shares of common stock at a fixed monetary amount as liability instruments. Our convertible notes were recorded at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as the predominant settlement feature of the convertible notes was to settle a fixed monetary amount in a variable number of shares. We adjusted the warrants and the convertible notes to estimated fair value at each reporting period and on the effective date of the IPO with the change in estimated fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

Starting with fiscal year 2012, due to our closing several debt financings and an initial public offering becoming more probable as we began investing significant time and resources into the initial public offering process, we changed our valuation methodology to estimate the fair value of our financial instruments, including our outstanding warrants and convertible notes, from the option method to the probability weighted expected return method, which we refer to as the “expected return method.” The expected return method analyzes the returns afforded to common equity holders under multiple possible future scenarios. Under the expected return method, share value is based upon the probability-weighted present value of expected future net cash flows (distributions to shareholders) under each of the possible scenarios, giving consideration to the rights and preferences of each share class. This method is most appropriate when the long-term outlook for an enterprise is largely known and multiple possible future scenarios can be reasonably estimated. As the expected return method estimated the fair value of our warrants and convertible notes using unobservable inputs, they were both considered to be Level 3 fair value measurements. Changes in the probability weights and discount rates used in the expected return method valuation model and the estimated time to a liquidity event may have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of the preferred and common stock warrant liabilities and the convertible notes.

As a result of the automatic exercise of all Series A and Series B convertible preferred stock warrants and certain common stock warrants for shares of common stock, the automatic conversion of all convertible notes into common stock in accordance with their terms, and the exercise of all Series C convertible preferred stock warrants for shares of common stock in connection with our IPO in August 2013, there will not be any further adjustments to these warrants and convertible notes. In addition, upon completion of the IPO, the exercise price and number of shares to be issued upon exercise of the remaining outstanding common stock warrants became known. Accordingly, after the IPO, the fair value of the common stock warrant liability on the date of the IPO was reclassified to equity and will no longer be adjusted to its estimated fair value on each reporting date.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenues when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery and transfer of title has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured, unless contractual obligations, acceptance provisions or other contingencies exist. If such obligations or provisions exist, revenue is recognized after such obligations or provisions are fulfilled or expire.

Product revenues consist of revenues generated from sales to distributors and from sales of our products to direct customers, net of rebates and cash discounts. For sales of products made to distributors, we recognize revenue either

on a sell-in or sell-through basis depending on the specific facts and circumstances of the distributor. Factors considered include, but are not limited to, whether the payment terms offered to the distributor are structured to correspond to when product is re-sold, the distributor history of adhering to the terms of its contractual arrangements with us, whether we have a pattern of granting concessions for the benefit of the distributor, and whether there are other conditions that may indicate that the sale to the distributor is not substantive.

In some cases, we recognize distributor revenue as title and risk of loss passes, provided all other revenue recognition criteria has been satisfied (the “sell-in” method). For certain sales to distributors, the revenue recognition criteria for distributor sales are not satisfied at the time of shipment or receipt; specifically, in instances where additional contractual terms or other arrangements offered distributors include a general right to return, we consider the arrangement not to be fixed or determinable, and accordingly, revenue is deferred until products are resold to customers of the distributor (the “sell-through” method). The costs of goods sold associated with such deferral are also deferred and classified in deferred cost of product revenues in the consolidated balance sheets. Cash received from customers related to delivered product that may not represent a true sale are classified as customer refund liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and the related cost of inventory remains in inventory in the consolidated balance sheets until the product is returned or is resold to customers of the distributor and revenue is recognized. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, 53% and 23%, respectively, of revenue was recognized on a sell-through basis. During the year ended December 31, 2012, there was no revenue recognized on a sell through basis. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded current deferred product revenues of $3.2 million and $4.7 million, respectively.

From time to time, the Company offers certain product rebates to its distributors and to growers, which are estimated and recorded as reductions to product revenues and an accrued liability is recorded at the later of when the revenues are recorded or the rebate is being offered.

The Company recognizes license revenues pursuant to strategic collaboration and distribution agreements under which the Company receives payments for the achievement of testing validation, regulatory progress and commercialization events. As these activities and payments are associated with exclusive rights that the Company provides in connection with strategic collaboration and distribution agreements over the term of the agreements, revenues related to the payments received are deferred and recognized over the term of the exclusive distribution period of the respective agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company received payments totaling $0.5 million and as of December 31, 2014 had $0.8 million recorded in accounts receivable. No payments were received under these agreements during the year ended December 31, 2013. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company received payments totaling $1.5 million, of which $1.0 million was received from a related party. For each of the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company recognized approximately $0.2 million as license revenues, excluding related party revenues, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The Company has a strategic collaboration and distribution agreement with Syngenta, an affiliate of one of its 5% stockholders Syngenta Ventures, until June 2014 when, in connection with the secondary offering, Syngenta Ventures sold 600,000 common shares, reducing its ownership percentage below 5%. Beginning in June 2014, revenue recognized under this arrangement has been included in license revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized $0.3 million of related party revenues relating to the period that Syngenta Ventures was one of our 5% stockholders. For the years ended December 31, 2013, the Company recognized $0.1 million of related party revenues under these agreements.

At December 31, 2014, the Company recorded current and non-current deferred revenues of $0.3 million and $2.1 million, respectively, related to payments received under these agreements. At December 31, 2013, the Company recorded current and non-current deferred revenues of $0.3 million and $1.4 million, respectively, related to payments received under these agreements, of which $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, related to deferred revenues from related parties based on the terms of the Company’s commercial agreement with Syngenta.

Share-Based Compensation

We recognize share-based compensation expense for all stock options made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values.

We estimate the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the stock options that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods using the straight-line method. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

The estimated fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $3.9 million, $1.3 million, and $0.5 million, respectively. The weighted-average estimated fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $6.10 per share, $10.35 per share and $4.24 per share, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, we recorded share-based compensation expense of $4.6 million, $2.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2014, the total share-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted to employees under our share-based compensation plans but not yet recognized was $8.3 million. These costs will be amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average remaining term of 2.7 years.

In connection with the decision of our former Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Glidewell, to retire, we entered into a transition agreement with Mr. Glidewell which provided, among other things, for the vesting of his outstanding equity awards through the transition date. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we recorded share-based compensation expense of $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, relating to the acceleration of vesting of Mr. Glidewell’s option awards. As of December 31, 2014 there was no share-based compensation expense related to unvested options granted to Mr. Glidewell under our share-based compensation plans but not yet recognized. Refer to Note 7 in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion regarding Mr. Glidewell’s transition agreement.

For purposes of determining our historical share-based compensation expense, we used the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) option-pricing model to calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the measurement date (generally, the grant date). This model requires inputs for the expected life of the stock option, estimated volatility factor, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. Our estimates of forfeiture rates also affect the amount of aggregate compensation expense. Prior to our initial public offering, our board of directors considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value of our common stock at each meeting at which stock options were granted and approved. These inputs are subjective and generally require significant judgment. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, we calculated the fair value of stock options granted using the following assumptions:


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
	2014	2013	2012
Expected life (years)	5.46-6.08	5.29-7.71	5.00-6.08
Estimated volatility factor	49%-71%	70%-75%	72%-0.76%
Risk-free interest rate	1.63%-2.05%	1.27%-2.11%	0.74%-1.16%
Expected dividend yield	—	—	—

Expected Life—Our expected life represents the period that our share-based payment awards are expected to be outstanding. We use the “simplified method” in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 107, Share-Based Payment, and SAB No. 110, Simplified Method for Plain Vanilla Share Options, to develop the expected term of options determined to be “plain vanilla.” Under this approach, the expected term is presumed to be the midpoint between the vesting date and the contractual end of the option grant. For stock options granted with an exercise price not equal to the determined fair market value, we estimate the expected life based on historical data and management’s expectations about exercises and post-vesting termination behavior. We will use the simplified method until we have sufficient historical data necessary to provide a reasonable estimate of expected life in accordance with SAB No. 107 and SAB No. 110.

Estimated Volatility Factor— Since we have a limited trading history in our common stock, we calculate volatility based upon the trading history and calculated volatility of the common stock of comparable agricultural biotechnology companies in determining an estimated volatility factor.

Risk-Free Interest Rate—We base the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury constant-maturity securities with the same or substantially equivalent remaining term.

Expected Dividend Yield—We have not declared dividends nor do we expect to in the foreseeable future. Therefore, a zero value was assumed for the expected dividend yield.

Estimated Forfeitures—When estimating forfeitures, we consider voluntary and involuntary termination behavior and actual option forfeitures.

If in the future we determine that other methods are more reasonable, or other methods for calculating these assumptions are prescribed by authoritative guidance, the fair value calculated for our stock options could change significantly. Higher volatility and longer expected lives result in an increase to share-based compensation expense determined at the grant date. Share-based compensation expense affects our research, development and patent expense and selling, general and administrative expense.

The BSM option-pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable, characteristics not present in our stock options. Existing valuation models, including the BSM option-pricing model, may not provide reliable measures of the fair values of our stock options. Consequently, there is a risk that our estimates of the fair values of the stock options on the grant dates may bear little resemblance to the actual values realized upon exercise. Stock options may expire or otherwise result in zero intrinsic value as compared to the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and reported in the consolidated financial statements. Alternatively, value may be realized from these instruments that is significantly higher than the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and reported in the consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. To the extent deferred tax assets cannot be recognized under the preceding criteria, we establish valuation allowances as necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, all deferred tax assets were fully offset by a valuation allowance. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future federal, state and foreign taxable income. Our judgments regarding deferred tax assets may change as we expand into international jurisdictions, due to future market conditions, changes in U.S. or international tax laws and other factors. These changes, if any, may require possible material adjustments to these deferred tax assets, resulting in a reduction in net income or an increase in net loss in the period when such determinations are made.

We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based upon a two-step process. To the extent a tax position does not meet a more-likely-than-not level of certainty; no benefit is recognized in the consolidated financial statements. If a position meets the more-likely-than-not level of certainty, it is recognized in the consolidated financial statements at the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Our policy is to analyze our tax positions taken with respect to all applicable income tax issues for all open tax years (in each respective jurisdiction). As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we have concluded that no uncertain tax positions were required to be recognized in our consolidated financial statements. It is our practice to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. No amounts were recognized for interest and penalties during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We currently have minimal exposure to the effect of interest rate changes, foreign currency fluctuations and changes in commodity prices. We are exposed to changes in the general economic conditions in the countries where we conduct business, which currently is substantially all in the United States. Our current investment strategy is to invest in financial instruments that are highly liquid, readily convertible into cash and which mature within six months from the date of purchase. To date, we have not used derivative financial instruments to manage any of our market risks or entered into transactions using derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

We do not believe our cash equivalents and short-term investments have significant risk of default or illiquidity. While we believe our cash equivalents and short-term investments do not contain excessive risk, we cannot provide absolute assurance that in the future our investments will not be subject to adverse changes in market value.

Interest Rate Risk

We had cash and cash equivalents of $35.3 million at December 31, 2014, which was held for working capital purposes. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. We entered into a promissory note in June 2014, which bears interest at the prime rate plus 2.00%. A change in market interest rates of 1% would have an impact of approximately $0.1 million on our future annual interest expense. All of our other debt, including the promissory notes we issued and sold in August 2015, is at fixed interest rates and thus a change in market interest rates would not have an impact on interest expense.

Foreign Currency Risk

Revenue and expenses have been primarily denominated in U.S. dollars and foreign currency fluctuations have not had a significant impact on our historical results of operations. In addition, our strategic collaboration and distribution agreements for current products provide for payments in U.S. dollars. As we market new products internationally, our product revenues and expenses may be in currencies other than U.S. dollars, and accordingly, foreign currency fluctuations may have a greater impact on our financial position and operating results.

Commodity Risk

Our exposure to market risk for changes in commodity prices currently is minimal. As our commercial operations grow, our exposure will relate mostly to the demand side as our end users are exposed to fluctuations in prices of agricultural commodities.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA


	Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		92

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013		93

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012		94

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012		95

Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012		96

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012		98

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		99

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. at December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the 2013 financial statements have been restated to correct accounting errors primarily related to revenue recognition.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Sacramento, California

November 10, 2015

MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In Thousands, Except Par Value)


	DECEMBER 31
	2014			2013
				As restated
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,324		$	24,455
Restricted cash, current portion		1,856			—
Short-term investments		—			13,677
Accounts receivable		1,787			3,784
Accounts receivable from related parties		—			903
Inventories, net		12,644			12,717
Deferred cost of product revenue, including deferred cost of product revenues to related parties of $333 and $610 as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively		1,797			2,861
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,315			1,354

Total current assets		54,723			59,751
Property, plant and equipment, net		20,166			9,361
Restricted cash, less current portion		1,560			—
Other assets		733			806

Total assets		77,182			69,918

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	5,841		$	4,460
Accrued liabilities		6,321			4,534
Deferred revenue, current portion		2,861			3,850
Deferred revenue from related parties, current portion		660			1,128
Customer refund liabilities		1,044			—
Capital lease obligations, current portion		1,839			1,401
Debt, current portion		12,636			157

Total current liabilities		31,202			15,530
Deferred revenue, less current portion		2,050			744
Deferred revenue from related parties, less current portion		—			628
Capital lease obligations, less current portion		185			1,134
Debt, less current portion		9,667			12,280
Other liabilities		847			571

Total liabilities		43,951			30,887
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock: $0.00001 par value; 20,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013		—			—
Common stock: $0.00001 par value; 250,000 shares authorized and 24,465 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014; 250,000 shares authorized and 19,323 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013		—			—
Additional paid in capital		193,079			147,220
Accumulated deficit		(159,848	)		(108,189	)

Total stockholders’ equity		33,231			39,031

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	77,182		$	69,918

See accompanying notes.

MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
	2014			2013			2012
	As restated
Revenues:
Product	$	7,750		$	7,588		$	6,777
License		232			193			179
Related party		1,154			665			184

Total revenues		9,136			8,446			7,140
Cost of product revenues, including cost of product revenues to related parties of $561, $374 and $126 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively		9,438			7,243			4,333

Gross profit (loss)		(302	)		1,203			2,807
Operating expenses:
Research, development and patent		19,281			17,905			12,741
Non-cash charge associated with a convertible note		—			—			3,610
Selling, general and administrative		28,950			15,017			10,294

Total operating expenses		48,231			32,922			26,645

Loss from operations		(48,533	)		(31,719	)		(23,838	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		59			49			16
Interest expense		(2,907	)		(6,056	)		(2,466	)
Change in estimated fair value of financial instruments		—			6,717			(12,461	)
Gain on extinguishment of debt		—			49			—
Other expense, net		(278	)		(282	)		(45	)

Total other income (expense), net		(3,126	)		477			(14,956	)

Loss before income taxes		(51,659	)		(31,242	)		(38,794	)
Income taxes		—			—			—

Net loss		(51,659	)		(31,242	)		(38,794	)
Deemed dividend on convertible notes		—			(1,378	)		(2,039	)

Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(51,659	)	$	(32,620	)	$	(40,833	)

Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(2.32	)	$	(3.74	)	$	(32.48	)

Diluted	$	(2.32	)	$	(4.25	)	$	(32.48	)

Weighted-average shares outstanding used in computing net loss per common share:
Basic		22,314			8,731			1,257

Diluted		22,314			8,911			1,257

See accompanying notes.

MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In Thousands)


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
	2014			2013			2012
	As restated
Net loss	$	(51,659	)	$	(31,242	)	$	(38,794	)
Other comprehensive loss		—			—			—

Comprehensive loss	$	(51,659	)	$	(31,242	)	$	(38,794	)

See accompanying notes.

MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(In Thousands)


	CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
	SERIES A						SERIES B						SERIES C						TOTAL
	SHARES			AMOUNT			SHARES			AMOUNT			SHARES			AMOUNT			SHARES			AMOUNT
Balance at December 31, 2011		1,484		$	3,747			2,242		$	10,758			4,778		$	25,107			8,504		$	39,612
Net loss		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Share-based compensation		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Deemed dividend, convertible notes		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—

Balance at December 31, 2012		1,484			3,747			2,242			10,758			4,778			25,107			8,504			39,612
Net loss, as restated		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Share-based compensation		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Deemed dividend, convertible notes		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Cash exercise of preferred stock warrants		—			—			10			47			—			—			10			47
Net exercise of preferred stock warrants		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock		(1,484	)		(3,747	)		(2,252	)		(10,805	)		(4,778	)		(25,107	)		(8,514	)		(39,659	)
Convertible notes converted into common stock		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Cash exercise of common stock warrants		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Net exercise of common stock warrants		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Reclassification of warrants from liability to equity		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of offering costs and underwriter commission		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—

Balance at December 31, 2013, as restated		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Net loss		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Share-based compensation		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Cash exercise of common stock warrants		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock in follow-on offering, net of offering costs and underwriter commission		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—

Balance at December 31, 2014		—		$	—			—		$	—			—		$	—			—		$	—

MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Continued

(In Thousands)


	COMMON STOCK				ADDITIONAL PAID IN CAPITAL		ACCUMULATED DEFICIT			TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
	SHARES		AMOUNT		ADDITIONAL PAID IN CAPITAL		ACCUMULATED DEFICIT			TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Balance at December 31, 2011		1,247	$	—	$	636	$	(34,736	)	$	(34,100	)
Net loss		—		—		—		(38,794	)		(38,794	)
Exercise of stock options		20		—		24		—			24
Share-based compensation		—		—		662		—			662
Deemed dividend, convertible notes		—		—		—		(2,039	)		(2,039	)

Balance at December 31, 2012		1,267		—		1,322		(75,569	)		(74,247	)
Net loss, as restated		—		—		—		(31,242	)		(31,242	)
Exercise of stock options		217		—		250		—			250
Share-based compensation		—		—		2,300		—			2,300
Deemed dividend, convertible notes		—		—		—		(1,378	)		(1,378	)
Cash exercise of preferred stock warrants		—		—		—		—			—
Net exercise of preferred stock warrants		71		—		—		—			—
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock		8,514		—		39,659		—			39,659
Convertible notes converted into common stock		3,741		—		44,890		—			44,890
Cash exercise of common stock warrants		3		—		25		—			25
Net exercise of common stock warrants		47		—		—		—			—
Reclassification of warrants from liability to equity		—		—		2,669		—			2,669
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of offering costs and underwriter commission		5,463		—		56,105		—			56,105

Balance at December 31, 2013, as restated		19,323		—		147,220		(108,189	)		39,031
Net loss		—		—		—		(51,659	)		(51,659	)
Exercise of stock options		561		—		1,305		—			1,305
Share-based compensation		—		—		4,555		—			4,555
Cash exercise of common stock warrants		6		—		50		—			50
Issuance of common stock in follow-on offering, net of offering costs and underwriter commission		4,575		—		39,949		—			39,949

Balance at December 31, 2014		24,465	$	—	$	193,079	$	(159,848	)	$	33,231

See accompanying notes.

MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In Thousands)


	YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
	2014			2013			2012
	As restated
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(51,659	)	$	(31,242	)	$	(38,794	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,581			976			613
Loss on disposal of equipment		243			231			—
Share-based compensation		4,555			2,300			662
Non-cash interest expense		780			4,315			1,224
Reduction of revenue associated with a convertible note		—			—			245
Non-cash charge associated with a convertible note		—			—			3,610
Change in estimated fair value of financial instruments		—			(6,717	)		12,461
Gain on extinguishment of debt		—			(49	)		—
Amortization of investment securities premiums/discounts, net		10			18			—
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable