Edgar Filing: Genie Energy Ltd.

f10q0612_genie.htm

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2012

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 1-35327

GENIE ENERGY LTD.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware		45-2069276
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

550 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey		07102
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(973) 438-3500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	¨

Non-accelerated filer	x (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.): Yes ¨ No x

As of August 9, 2012, the registrant had the following shares outstanding:

Class A common stock, $.01 par value:	1,574,326 shares outstanding
Class B common stock, $.01 par value:	21,415,060 shares outstanding (excluding 16,593 treasury shares)

GENIE ENERGY LTD.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3

	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3

	Consolidated Statements of Operations	4

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income	5

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	31

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	32

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		33

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	33

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	33

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	33

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	34

Item 5.	Other Information	34

Item 6.	Exhibits	34

SIGNATURES		35

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

GENIE ENERGY LTD.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

	June 30, 2012			December 31, 2011
	(in thousands)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	81,296		$	102,220
Restricted cash		10,329			591
Marketable securities		6,936			—
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $130 at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011		26,831			23,959
Inventory		1,695			4,067
Prepaid expenses		1,850			3,953
Deferred income tax assets—current portion		4,409			3,081
Other current assets		944			1,626

Total current assets		134,290			139,497

Property, plant and equipment, net		445			446
Goodwill		3,663			3,663
Deferred income tax assets—long-term portion		1,819			2,026
Other assets		4,499			2,309

Total assets	$	144,716		$	147,941

Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	14,100		$	12,929
Accrued expenses		10,568			9,152
Income taxes payable		2,214			2,624
Dividends payable		—			1,148
Due to IDT Corporation		454			757
Other current liabilities		54			1,032

Total current liabilities		27,390			27,642

Commitments and contingencies
Equity:
Genie Energy Ltd. stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—10,000; no shares issued		—			—
Class A common stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—35,000; 1,574 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011		16			16
Class B common stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—200,000; 21,432 and 21,382 shares issued and 21,416 and 21,382 shares outstanding at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively		214			214
Additional paid-in capital		93,450			92,321
Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 16 and nil shares of Class B common stock at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively		(133	)		—
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(188	)		(137	)
Retained earnings		30,368			34,924

Total Genie Energy Ltd. stockholders’ equity		123,727			127,338
Noncontrolling interests:
Noncontrolling interests		(5,401	)		(6,039	)
Receivable for issuance of equity		(1,000	)		(1,000	)

Total noncontrolling interests		(6,401	)		(7,039	)

Total equity		117,326			120,299

Total liabilities and equity	$	144,716		$	147,941

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

GENIE ENERGY LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues	$	42,826		$	38,716		$	100,331		$	102,142
Direct cost of revenues		(31,178	)		(28,902	)		(70,651	)		(75,163	)

Gross profit		11,648			9,814			29,680			26,979
Operating expenses and losses:
Selling, general and administrative (i)		12,965			8,411			25,372			16,132
Research and development		2,784			1,833			4,877			4,133
Equity in the net loss of AMSO, LLC		905			2,180			1,744			2,849

(Loss) income from operations		(5,006	)		(2,610	)		(2,313	)		3,865
Financing fees, net of interest income		(566	)		(441	)		(1,251	)		(977	)
Other (expense) income, net		(75	)		66			(89	)		295

(Loss) income before income taxes		(5,647	)		(2,985	)		(3,653	)		3,183
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes		1,933			(1,187	)		1,142			(4,975	)

Net loss		(3,714	)		(4,172	)		(2,511	)		(1,792	)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		462			1,842			(137	)		2,205

Net (loss) income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd.	$	(3,252	)	$	(2,330	)	$	(2,648	)	$	413


(Loss) earnings per share attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders:
Basic	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.13	)	$	0.02

Diluted	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.13	)	$	0.02

Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of (loss) earnings per share:
Basic		21,037			20,365			21,018			20,365

Diluted		21,037			20,365			21,018			22,342

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.05		$	—		$	0.083		$	—

(i) Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expenses	$	958		$	(314	)	$	1,641		$	(117	)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

GENIE ENERGY LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(in thousands)
Net loss	$	(3,714	)	$	(4,172	)	$	(2,511	)	$	(1,792	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(108	)		(58	)		(74	)		(222	)
Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities		6			—			6			—

Comprehensive loss		(3,816	)		(4,230	)		(2,579	)		(2,014	)
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		479			1,730			(120	)		2,073

Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd.	$	(3,337	)	$	(2,500	)	$	(2,699	)	$	59

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

GENIE ENERGY LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2012			2011
	(in thousands)

Operating activities
Net loss	$	(2,511	)	$	(1,792	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		52			10
Deferred income taxes		(1,121	)		(384	)
Stock-based compensation		1,641			(117	)
Equity in the net loss of AMSO, LLC		1,744			2,849
Change in assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		(2,799	)		3,457
Inventory		2,372			1,469
Prepaid expenses		2,103			443
Other current assets and other assets		(957	)		(221	)
Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities		1,773			549
Due to IDT Corporation		(303	)		—
Income taxes payable		(410	)		950

Net cash provided by operating activities		1,584			7,213
Investing activities
Capital expenditures		(49	)		(93	)
Capital contributions to AMSO, LLC		(2,048	)		(1,428	)
Changes in restricted cash		(9,738	)		408
Issuance of note receivable		(550	)		—
Purchases of marketable securities		(6,930	)		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(19,315	)		(1,113	)
Financing activities
Funding provided by IDT Corporation, net		—			3,507
Dividends paid		(3,056	)		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		5			—
Repurchases of Class B common stock from employees		(133	)		—
Repurchase of noncontrolling interests		—			(1,528	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(3,184	)		1,979
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(9	)		—
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(20,924	)		8,079
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		102,220			30,780
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	81,296		$	38,859

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

GENIE ENERGY LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1—Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Genie Energy Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Genie”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2012. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

On January 30, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors changed the Company’s fiscal year end from July 31 to December 31. This change better aligns the Company’s financial reporting with its operational and budgeting cycle and with other industry participants. The Company reported the results for its transitional period in a Transition Report on Form 10-Q for the five months from August 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. Going forward, the Company’s fiscal quarters will end on the last day of March, June, September and December each year.

Genie owns 99.3% of its subsidiary, Genie Energy International Corporation (“GEIC”), which owns 96.4% of IDT Energy and 92% of Genie Oil and Gas, Inc. (“GOGAS”). Genie’s principal businesses consist of the following:

·	IDT Energy, a retail energy provider (“REP”) supplying electricity and natural gas to residential and small business customers in the Northeastern United States; and

Genie Oil and Gas, which is pioneering technologies to produce clean and affordable transportation fuels from the world's abundant oil shales and other unconventional fuel resources, which consists of (1) American Shale Oil Corporation (“AMSO”), which holds and manages a 50% interest in American Shale Oil, L.L.C. (“AMSO, LLC”), the Company’s oil shale initiative in Colorado, and (2) an 89% interest in Israel Energy Initiatives, Ltd. (“IEI”), the Company’s oil shale initiative in Israel.

Genie was incorporated in January 2011. These financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis as if Genie existed and owned its subsidiaries in all periods presented.

Sales of excess electricity purchases back to the NYISO (New York Independent System Operator, Inc.) of $1.4 million and $3.7 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, previously included in revenues, have been reclassified as a reduction of direct cost of revenues in the consolidated statement of operations to conform to the current presentation.

The Company’s Spin-Off

The Company was formerly a subsidiary of IDT Corporation (“IDT”). On October 28, 2011, the Company was spun-off by IDT and became an independent public company through a pro rata distribution of the Company’s common stock to IDT’s stockholders (the “Spin-Off”). As a result of the Spin-Off, each of IDT’s stockholders received: (i) one share of the Company’s Class A common stock for every share of IDT’s Class A common stock held of record on October 21, 2011 (the “Record Date”), and (ii) one share of the Company’s Class B common stock for every share of IDT’s Class B common stock held of record on the Record Date. On October 28, 2011, 1.6 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, and 21.1 million shares of the Company’s Class B common stock were issued and outstanding.

Prior to the Spin-Off, IDT made a capital contribution of $82.2 million to the Company. In addition, in connection with the capital contribution received from IDT, the amount due from IDT as of the date of the Spin-Off of $2.1 million was forgiven.

The Company entered into various agreements with IDT prior to the Spin-Off including a Separation and Distribution Agreement to effect the separation and provide a framework for the Company’s relationship with IDT after the Spin-Off, and a Transition Services Agreement, which provides for certain services to be performed by the Company and IDT to facilitate the Company’s transition into a separate publicly-traded company. These agreements provide for, among other things, (1) the allocation between the Company and IDT of employee benefits, taxes and other liabilities and obligations attributable to periods prior to the Spin-Off, (2) transitional services to be provided by IDT relating to human resources and employee benefits administration, (3) the allocation of responsibilities relating to employee compensation and benefit plans and programs and other related matters, (4) finance, accounting, tax, internal audit, facilities, investor relations and legal services to be provided by IDT to the Company following the Spin-Off and (5) specified administrative services to be provided by the Company to certain of IDT’s foreign subsidiaries. In addition, the Company entered into a Tax Separation Agreement with IDT, which sets forth the responsibilities of the Company and IDT with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and including the Spin-Off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes for such periods.

Seasonality and Weather

IDT Energy’s revenues are impacted by, among other things, the weather and the seasons. Weather conditions have a significant impact on the demand for natural gas for heating and electricity for air conditioning. Typically, colder winters and hotter summers create higher demand and consumption for natural gas and electricity, respectively. Milder winters and/or summers will reduce the demand for natural gas and electricity, respectively. Natural gas revenues typically increase in the first quarter due to increased heating demands, and electricity revenues typically increase in the third quarter due to increased air conditioning use. Approximately 50% and 53% of IDT Energy’s natural gas revenues were generated in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively, when demand for heating is highest. Although the demand for electricity is not as seasonal as natural gas, approximately 35% and 36% of IDT Energy’s electricity revenues were generated in the third quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively. As a result, the Company’s revenues and operating income are subject to material seasonal variations, and the interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of the estimated financial results for the full year.

Note 2—Marketable Securities

The Company classifies all of its marketable securities as “available-for-sale” securities. Marketable securities are stated at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses in such securities reflected, net of tax, in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The following is a summary of marketable securities:

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2012:
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities	$	6,930	$	18	$	(12	)	$	6,936

The contractual maturities of the Company’s available-for-sale corporate debt securities at June 30, 2012 were as follows:

	Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Within one year	$	4,978
After one year through five years		1,958
After five years through ten years		—
After ten years		—

Total	$	6,936

At June 30, 2012, the following available-for-sale securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments had not been recognized:

	Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Corporate debt securities	$	12	$	3,952

At June 30, 2012, there were no securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer. There were no proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities and no gross realized gains (losses) included in earnings in the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011.

Note 3—Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the balance of assets at June 30, 2012 measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Level 1 (1)		Level 2 (2)		Level 3 (3)		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Corporate debt securities	$	6,936	$	—	$	—	$	6,936
Derivative contracts		—		168		—		168

Total	$	6,936	$	168	$	—	$	7,104

(1) – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

(2) – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

(3) – no observable pricing inputs in the market

There were no liabilities at June 30, 2012 measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

The Company’s derivative contracts consist of electricity call options in which the underlying asset is a forward contract, which are classified as Level 2. These derivatives are valued using observable inputs based on quoted market prices in active markets for similar call options.

The following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2012		2011			2012		2011
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	—	$	(895	)	$	—	$	(980	)
Total gains (losses) (realized or unrealized):
Included in earnings in “Other (expense) income, net”		—		194			—		194
Included in earnings in “Selling, general and administrative expense”		—		374			—		459
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements:
Settlement		—		226			—		226
Transfers in (out) of Level 3		—		—			—		—

Balance, end of period	$	—	$	(101	)	$	—	$	(101	)

The amount of total gains (losses) for the period attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to liabilities still held at the end of the period:
Included in earnings in “Other (expense) income, net”	$	—	$	194		$	—	$	194

Included in earnings in “Selling, general and administrative expense”	$	—	$	374		$	—	$	459

There were no assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The estimated fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting this data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.

Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, prepaid expenses, other current assets, dividends payable, due to IDT Corporation and other current liabilities. At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were classified as Level 1 and prepaid expenses, other current assets, dividends payable, due to IDT Corporation and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other assets. At June 30, 2012, other assets included an aggregate of $0.6 million in notes receivable from employees. The carrying amounts of the notes receivable approximate fair value. The fair value of the notes receivable was estimated based on the Company’s assumptions, and were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At December 31, 2011, there were no financial instruments included in other assets.

Note 4—Derivative Instruments

The primary risk managed by the Company using derivative instruments is commodity price risk. Natural gas and electricity forward contracts and put and call options are entered into as hedges against unfavorable fluctuations in market prices of natural gas and electricity. The Company does not apply hedge accounting to IDT Energy’s forward contracts and put and call options, therefore the changes in fair value are recorded in earnings.

The summarized volume of IDT Energy’s outstanding electricity call options as of June 30, 2012 was as follows:

Commodity		Settlement Dates		Volume
Electricity		August 2012 to September 2012		140,800 MWh

The Company’s subsidiary, GOGAS, issued an option and warrants. The GOGAS stock option was issued in June 2011 and is exercisable until April 9, 2015 at an exercise price of $5.0 million. The GOGAS warrants were issued in November 2010 and expired on November 12, 2011. The Company’s subsidiary, GEIC, issued a stock option in April 2010 that was exchanged in June 2011 for the GOGAS stock option. At June 30, 2012, the fair value of the GOGAS stock option was nil.

The fair value of outstanding derivative instruments recorded as assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

Asset Derivatives	Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2012		December 31, 2011
		(in thousands)
Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments:
Energy contracts and options	Other current assets	$	168	$	446

The fair value of outstanding derivative instruments recorded as liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

Liability Derivatives	Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2012		December 31, 2011
		(in thousands)
Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments:
Energy contracts and options	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	938

The effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of operations were as follows:

		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives

		Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives	2012		2011		2012		2011
		(in thousands)
Energy contracts and options	Direct cost of revenues	$	141	$	335	$	651	$	455
GOGAS warrants	Selling, general and administrative expense		—		374		—		459
GEIC stock option	Other (expense) income, net		—		194		—		194

Total		$	141	$	903	$	651	$	1,108

At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company's energy contracts and options were all traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange which mitigated the Company's exposure to credit loss from nonperformance by the counterparty.

On October 31, 2011, MF Global, the Company’s former clearing broker, filed for bankruptcy protection. On that date, IDT Energy held $1.65 million of cash on deposit with MF Global in support of hedging positions related to IDT Energy’s commodity supply. Assets held by MF Global were placed under the control of the court appointed bankruptcy trustee to be released as deemed appropriate. In November 2011, the Company transferred its hedging securities to an alternative clearing broker. In October 2011, the Company recognized a $0.45 million loss, relating to its cash deposit with MF Global, based on management’s best estimate of the unrecoverable amount. As of June 30, 2012, the remaining balance of $0.35 million is included in ”Other current assets” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, as such cash was not readily available for withdrawal. The Company believes that the $0.35 million due from the bankrupt broker is collectible.

Note 5—Investment in American Shale Oil, LLC

The Company accounts for its 50% ownership interest in AMSO, LLC using the equity method since the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over its operating and financial matters, although it does not control AMSO, LLC. AMSO, LLC is a variable interest entity, however, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary, as the Company does not have the power to direct the activities of AMSO, LLC that most significantly impact AMSO, LLC’s economic performance.

AMSO has agreed to fund AMSO, LLC’s expenditures as follows: 20% of the initial $50 million of expenditures, 35% of the next $50 million in approved expenditures and 50% of approved expenditures in excess of $100 million. AMSO has also agreed to fund 40% of the costs of the one-time payment for conversion of AMSO, LLC’s research, development and demonstration lease to a commercial lease, in the event AMSO, LLC’s application for conversion is approved. The remaining amounts are to be funded by Total S.A. (“Total”). As of June 30, 2012, the cumulative contributions of AMSO and Total to AMSO, LLC were $55.4 million. Through December 31, 2011, AMSO was allocated 20% of the net loss of AMSO, LLC. AMSO’s portion of the loss of AMSO, LLC increased in December 2011 from 20% to 35%, per the agreement with Total. AMSO’s allocated share of the net loss of AMSO, LLC is included in “Equity in the net loss of AMSO, LLC” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company’s investment in AMSO, LLC:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2012			2011
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	(685	)	$	1,522
Capital contributions		2,048			1,428
Equity in the net loss of AMSO, LLC		(1,744	)		(2,849	)

Balance, end of period	$	(381	)	$	101

At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the liability for equity loss in AMSO, LLC was included in the consolidated balance sheet in “Accrued expenses.”

In accordance with the agreement between the parties, AMSO was committed to a total investment of $10.0 million in AMSO, LLC, all of which had been invested by January 31, 2012. AMSO remains obligated to fund its share of the expenditures it approves beyond the initial $10.0 million investment. AMSO’s share of AMSO, LLC’s budget for the year ending December 31, 2012 is $3.2 million. At June 30, 2012, AMSO had funded $1.9 million of its share of the 2012 budget. There are also a number of other situations where AMSO’s funding obligation could increase further.

Total can increase AMSO’s initial required funding commitment of $10.0 million up to an additional $8.75 million if Total notifies AMSO of its commitment to continue to fund the pilot test up to an agreed upon commitment level. To date, AMSO has not received such notification from Total. Additionally, even if AMSO were to withdraw its interest in AMSO, LLC, it will remain liable for its share of expenditures for safety and environmental reclamation related to events occurring prior to its withdrawal.

Total may terminate its obligations to make capital contributions and withdraw as a member of AMSO, LLC. If Total withdraws as a member of AMSO, LLC, AMSO may also terminate its obligations to make capital contributions and withdraw as a member of AMSO, LLC. Although, subject to certain situations, AMSO and Total are not obligated to make additional contributions beyond their respective shares, they could dilute or forfeit their ownership interests in AMSO, LLC if they fail to contribute their respective shares for additional funding.

At June 30, 2012, the Company’s maximum exposure to additional loss as a result of its required investment in AMSO, LLC was $0.9 million, based on AMSO, LLC’s 2012 budget. The Company’s maximum exposure to additional loss could increase based on the situations described above. The maximum exposure at June 30, 2012 was determined as follows:

	(in thousands)
AMSO’s total committed investment in AMSO, LLC	$	13,211
Less: cumulative capital contributions to AMSO, LLC		(11,902	)
Less: liability for equity loss in AMSO, LLC at June 30, 2012		(381	)

Maximum exposure to additional loss	$	928

Summarized unaudited statements of operations of AMSO, LLC are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(in thousands)
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	$	135		$	203		$	257		$	371
Research and development		2,451			10,694			4,725			13,872

Total operating expenses		2,586			10,897			4,982			14,243
Other expense		—			1			—			1

Net loss	$	(2,586	)	$	(10,898	)	$	(4,982	)	$	(14,244	)

Note 6—Revolving Line of Credit

As of April 23, 2012, the Company and IDT Energy entered into a Loan Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank for a revolving line of credit for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. The proceeds from the line of credit may be used to provide working capital and for the issuance of letters of credit. The Company agreed to deposit cash in a money market account at JPMorgan Chase Bank as collateral for the line of credit equal to the greater of (a) $10.0 million or (b) the sum of the amount of letters of credit outstanding plus the outstanding principal under the revolving note. The Company is not permitted to withdraw funds or exercise any authority over the required balance in the collateral account. The principal outstanding will bear interest at the lesser of (a) the LIBOR rate multiplied by the statutory reserve rate established by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System plus 1.0% per annum, or (b) the maximum rate per annum permitted by whichever of applicable federal or Texas laws permit the higher interest rate. Interest is payable at least every three months and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on the maturity date of April 30, 2013. The Company paid a facility fee of $37,500 and pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 0.08% per annum on the difference between $25.0 million and the average daily outstanding principal balance of the note. In addition, as of April 23, 2012, GEIC issued a Corporate Guaranty to JPMorgan Chase Bank whereby GEIC unconditionally guarantees the full payment of all indebtedness of the Company and IDT Energy under the Loan Agreement. At June 30, 2012, there were no amounts borrowed or utilized for letters of credit under the line of credit, and cash collateral of $10.0 million was included in “Restricted cash” in the consolidated balance sheet.

Note 7—Equity

Changes in the components of equity were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
	Attributable to Genie			Noncontrolling Interests			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2011	$	127,338		$	(7,039	)	$	120,299
Dividends declared ($0.083 per share)		(1,907	)		—			(1,907	)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees		(133	)		—			(133	)
Exercise of stock options		5			—			5
Stock-based compensation		1,641			—			1,641
Grants of equity of subsidiary		(518	)		518			—
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		(2,648	)		137			(2,511	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(57	)		(17	)		(74	)
Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities		6			—			6

Comprehensive loss		(2,699	)		120			(2,579	)

Balance, June 30, 2012	$	123,727		$	(6,401	)	$	117,326

Dividend Payments

On January 5, 2012, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.05 per share to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 22, 2011 of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock. On April 3, 2012, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.033 per share to stockholders of record at the close of business on March 26, 2012 of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The dividend paid on April 3, 2012 was for the two-month period of November and December 2011 that represented the period between the end of the Company’s prior fiscal quarter and the beginning of the new fiscal quarter in connection with the change in the Company’s fiscal year to a calendar year, and represented a pro-rated dividend of 2/3rd of the normal quarterly dividend. On May 30, 2012, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.05 per share to stockholders of record at the close of business on May 21, 2012 of the Company’s Class A and Class B common stock. The aggregate dividends declared in the six months ended June 30, 2012 were $1.9 million, and the aggregate dividends paid in the same period were $3.1 million.

The Company will pay an ordinary dividend of $0.05 per share on August 28, 2012 to stockholders of the Company’s Class A and Class B common stock as of the record date of August 20, 2012.

Grants of Equity of Subsidiaries

On March 28, 2012, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors approved the grant of equity interests in certain subsidiaries of the Company to Howard Jonas, the Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee approved the following grants to Mr. Jonas: (1) deferred stock units for 50.56 shares of common stock of IDT Energy (representing 2.5% of the equity in IDT Energy on a fully diluted basis), (2) 0.25 ordinary shares of IEI (representing 0.25% of the equity in IEI on a fully diluted basis), (3) 3.05 ordinary shares of an early stage exploration venture in Israel, Genie Israel Oil & Gas, Ltd. (“GIOG”) (representing 0.30% of the equity in GIOG on a fully diluted basis), and (4) shares representing 0.25% of the Company’s entity that will seek to develop oil shale opportunities in an Asian country (“the Asian Venture”).

In addition, the Compensation Committee approved grants of interests representing 1.13% of the equity in IDT Energy, 1.23% of the equity in IEI, 1.68% of the equity in GIOG and 1.00% in the Asian Venture to certain of the Company’s officers and employees.

As of March 28, 2012, the Company recorded a reduction in “Additional paid-in capital” and an increase in “Noncontrolling interests” of $0.5 million for the issuance of the grants of 1.13% of the equity in IDT Energy to officers and employees. The Company will record additional adjustments to “Additional paid-in capital” and “Noncontrolling interests” as the remainder of these equity grants are issued. The fair value of the grants of equity interests on the date of the grant was estimated to be $4.2 million, which will be recognized over the vesting period that ends in December 2015. The unrecognized compensation cost relating to these grants of equity interests at June 30, 2012 was $3.9 million. The Company recognized compensation cost related to the vesting of these equity interests of $0.3 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012.

Stock Repurchase Program

On December 8, 2011, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of 20 million shares of the Company’s Class B common stock for up to an aggregate of $20 million. At June 30, 2012, no repurchases had been made and 20 million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.

Stock-Based Compensation

On November 3, 2011, the Company granted certain of its employees and directors 186 thousand restricted shares of the Company’s Class B common stock and 356 thousand options to purchase shares of the Company’s Class B common stock. In addition, on November 3, 2011, the Company granted nonemployee individuals that provide services to the Company, 52 thousand restricted shares of the Company’s Class B common stock and 52 thousand options to purchase shares of the Company’s Class B common stock. The restricted shares and options, which were granted under the Company’s Incentive Plan, vest over the expected service period, subject to forfeiture based on service conditions. The options have a term of 10 years and an exercise price of $6.85 equal to the fair market value of the underlying shares on the grant date. The fair value of the restricted stock and options on the date of the grant was estimated at $1.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively, which will be recognized over the service period. The fair value of the options on the grant date was estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model and the following assumptions: (1) expected volatility of 67% based on historical volatility of comparable companies and other factors, (2) a discount rate of 1.06% – 1.62%, (3) expected life of 6 - 7 years and (4) zero dividend yield. In addition, in January or March 2012, each of the four non-employee members of the Company’s Board of Directors received 2,920 restricted shares of the Company’s Class B common stock, which vested immediately upon grant. The fair value of the restricted shares was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s Class B common stock on the date of grant. The Company recognized compensation cost related to the vesting of these shares and options of $0.3 million and $0.6 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively.

As part of the Spin-Off, holders of restricted Class B common stock of IDT received, in respect of those restricted shares, one restricted share of the Company’s Class B common stock for every restricted share of IDT that they owned as of the record date for the Spin-Off. Such restricted shares of the Company’s Class B common stock are restricted under the same terms as the IDT restricted stock in respect of which they were issued. The restricted shares of the Company’s Class B common stock received in the Spin-Off are subject to forfeiture on the same terms, and their restrictions will lapse at the same time, as the corresponding IDT shares. The unrecognized compensation cost relating to the Company’s restricted shares at June 30, 2012 was $2.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period that ends in December 2013. The Company recognized compensation cost related to the vesting of these shares of $0.3 million and $0.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and $0.7 million and $0.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

In order to equitably adjust the value of the options to purchase IDT Class B common stock that were outstanding on the Spin-Off date, IDT proportionately reduced the exercise price of each such option based on the trading price of IDT following the Spin-Off. Further, each option holder shared ratably in a pool of 50 thousand options to purchase shares of the Company’s Class B common stock with an exercise price of $6.85 equal to the market value on the issuance date and an expiration date equal to the expiration of the corresponding IDT options held by such option holder. The options to purchase shares of the Company were issued under the Company’s Incentive Plan. The adjustment to the exercise price of the options to purchase IDT shares and the issuance of the 50 thousand options to purchase the Company’s shares were accounted for as a modification. No incremental charge was required as a result of the modification.

Exchange Offer

On August 2, 2012, the Company initiated an offer to exchange up to 8.75 million outstanding shares of its Class B common stock for the same number of shares of a new series of preferred stock. The preferred stock will have a liquidation preference of $8.50 per share, and dividend rights that are senior to dividends on the common stock, in an annual amount of $0.6375 per share, plus the potential for an increase in the dividend related to the performance of the Company’s REP business. The preferred stock will be redeemable by the Company after four years at a premium and after five years at the liquidation preference plus accrued dividends. The Company anticipates that following the payment of its second quarter of 2012 dividend, dividends on its common stock will be suspended for an indefinite time. The exchange offer is made upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Offer to Exchange dated August 2, 2012, and the related Letter of Transmittal, which have been filed with the SEC. The offer will expire on September 5, 2012, unless extended by the Company. The consummation of the exchange offer is conditioned on at least 4.375 million shares of Class B common stock being tendered and not properly withdrawn in the exchange offer. This condition may be waived by the Company.

Variable Interest Entities

In 2011, an employee of IDT until his employment was terminated effective December 30, 2011, incorporated Citizens Choice Energy, LLC (“CCE”), which is a REP that resells electricity and natural gas to residential and small business customers in the State of New York. Tari Corporation (“Tari”) is the sole owner of CCE. In addition, DAD Sales, LLC (“DAD”), which is 100% owned by Tari, uses its network of door-to-door sales agents to obtain customers for CCE. The Company provided CCE and DAD with substantially all of the cash required to fund their operations. The Company determined that at the present time it has the power to direct the activities of CCE and DAD that most significantly impact their economic performance and it has the obligation to absorb losses of CCE and DAD that could potentially be significant to CCE and DAD on a stand-alone basis. The Company therefore determined that it is the primary beneficiary of both CCE and DAD, and as a result, the Company consolidates CCE and DAD with its IDT Energy segment.

The Company does not own any interest in CCE or DAD and thus the net income or loss incurred by CCE and DAD was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Net income (loss) of CCE and DAD and aggregate net funding repaid to (provided by) the Company to CCE and DAD in order to finance their operations were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2012			2011			2012			2011
	(in thousands)
Net income (loss):
CCE	$	(114	)	$	(1,132	)	$	934		$	(1,179	)

DAD	$	(32	)	$	(62	)	$	(189	)	$	(62	)

Aggregate funding repaid to (provided by) the Company, net	$	1,749		$	(72	)	$	1,622		$	(38	)

Summarized combined balance sheets of CCE and DAD are as follows:

	June 30, 2012			December 31, 2011
	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	235		$	763
Restricted cash		22			81
Trade accounts receivable		2,785			2,766
Prepaid expenses		158			70
Other current assets		218			413
Fixed assets, net		50			57
Other assets		453			282

Total assets	$	3,921		$	4,432

Liabilities and members’ interests
Current liabilities	$	1,961		$	1,631
Due to IDT Energy		4,198			5,820
Noncontrolling interests		(2,238	)		(3,019	)

Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests	$	3,921		$	4,432

The assets of CCE and DAD may only be used to settle obligations of CCE and DAD, and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The liabilities of CCE and DAD are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company’s other consolidated entities.

In April 2012, IDT Energy and CCE entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement pursuant to which IDT Energy would, upon the satisfaction of many conditions, acquire all of CCE’s customer accounts, accounts receivable, trade names and other customer-related assets in exchange for the discharge and release of CCE’s debt and payment obligations to IDT Energy. The closing conditions included customary conditions as well as the discharge or satisfactory resolution of certain claims pending against CCE, and IDT Energy was under no obligation to assume any liability related thereto. At June 30, 2012, the amount of CCE debt to be discharged was $3.1 million. Due to the unlikelihood of CCE satisfying the conditions to closing in a reasonable time frame, the parties mutually determined to terminate this agreement. In addition, in April 2012, IDT Energy entered into a Consulting Agreement with Tari for customer networking services and other sales related services. Finally, in April 2012, IDT Energy and DAD entered into a Client Agreement whereby DAD will use its network of door-to-door sales agents to obtain customers for IDT Energy in exchange for cash commissions.

Note 8—(Loss) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture (non-vested) and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive. The earnings per share for the period prior to the Spin-Off were calculated as if the number of shares outstanding at the Spin-Off were outstanding during the period.

The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2012		2011		2012		2011
	(in thousands)
Basic weighted-average number of shares		21,037		20,365		21,018		20,365
Effect of dilutive securities:
Non-vested restricted Class B common stock		—		—		—		1,977

Diluted weighted-average number of shares		21,037		20,365		21,018		22,342

The following shares were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computations because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2012		2011		2012		2011
	(in thousands)
Stock options		457		—		457		—
Non-vested restricted Class B common stock		1,979		1,977		2,142		—

Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share		2,436		1,977		2,599		—

For the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, and the six months ended June 30, 2012, the diluted loss per share equals basic loss per share because the Company had a net loss and the impact of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock would have been anti-dilutive.

In November 2010, an entity affiliated with Lord (Jacob) Rothschild purchased a 5.0% equity interest in GOGAS for $10.0 million paid in cash. Also in November 2010, Rupert Murdoch purchased a 0.5% equity interest in GOGAS for $1.0 million paid with a promissory note. The note is secured by a pledge of the shares issued in exchange for the note. The note accrues interest at 1.58% per annum, and the principal and accrued interest is due and payable on November 15, 2015. In connection with this purchase, the entity affiliated with Lord Rothschild has a one time option through November 12, 2017 to exchange its GOGAS shares for shares of the Company with equal fair value as determined by the parties. The number of shares issuable in such an exchange is not currently determinable. If this option is exercised, the shares issued by the Company may dilute the earnings per share in future periods.

Note 9—Related Party Transaction

Up until the Spin-Off, IDT, the Company’s former parent company, charged the Company for certain transactions and allocated routine expenses based on company specific items. The allocated amounts also included charges for utilizing the net operating loss of IDT, as the Company was included in IDT’s consolidated federal income tax return in all periods through the date of the Spin-Off. In addition, IDT controlled the flow of the Company’s treasury transactions. Following the Spin-off, IDT charges the Company for services it provides pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement. IDT charged the Company $0.8 million and $0.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and $1.5 million and $1.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, which was included in “Selling, general and administrative” expense in the consolidated statements of operations. In addition, in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, IDT charged the Company $0.3 million and $4.3 million, respectively for utilizing the net operating loss of IDT, which was included in “Provision for income taxes” in the consolidated statement of operations.

Pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement, the Company provides specified administrative services to certain of IDT’s foreign subsidiaries. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company charged IDT $26 thousand and $46 thousand, respectively for these services, which reduced the Company’s “Selling, general and administrative” expense.

Note 10—Business Segment Information

The Company owns 99.3% of its subsidiary, GEIC, which owns 96.4% of IDT Energy and 92% of GOGAS. The Company has two reportable business segments: IDT Energy, an REP supplying electricity and natural gas to residential and small business customers in the Northeastern United States, and Genie Oil and Gas, which is pioneering technologies to produce clean and affordable transportation fuels from the world's abundant oil shales and other unconventional fuel resources. The Genie Oil and Gas segment consists of (1) a 50% interest in AMSO, LLC, the Company’s oil shale initiative in Colorado, and (2) an 89% interest in IEI, the Company’s oil shale initiative in Israel. Corporate costs include unallocated compensation, consulting fees, legal fees, business development expenses and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any direct cost of revenues.

The Company’s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers and methods used to provide their services. The operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on operating income (loss). There are no significant asymmetrical allocations to segments.

Operating results for the business segments of the Company are as follows:

(in thousands)	IDT Energy		Genie Oil and Gas			Corporate			Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
Revenues	$	42,826	$	—		$	—		$	42,826
Income (loss) from operations		1,059		(3,902	)		(2,163	)		(5,006	)
Research and development		—		2,786			(2	)		2,784
Equity in the net loss of AMSO, LLC		—		905			—			905

Three Months Ended June 30, 2011
Revenues	$	38,716	$	—		$	—		$	38,716
Income (loss) from operations		1,887		(4,436	)		(61	)		(2,610	)
Research and development		—		1,833			—			1,833
Equity in the net loss of AMSO, LLC		—		2,180			—			2,180

Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
Revenues	$	100,331	$	—		$	—		$	100,331
Income (loss) from operations		8,429		(6,998	)		(3,744	)		(2,313	)
Research and development		—		4,877			—			4,877
Equity in the net loss of AMSO, LLC		—		1,744			—			1,744

Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
Revenues	$	102,142	$	—		$	—		$	102,142
Income (loss) from operations		11,745		(7,563	)		(317	)		3,865
Research and development		—		4,133			—			4,133
Equity in the net loss of AMSO, LLC		—		2,849			—			2,849

Note 11—Legal Proceedings

On August 15, 2010, the Israel Union for Environmental Defense (the “Union”) filed a petition with the Supreme Court of Israel against various ministries of the State of Israel and the Jerusalem Regional Committee for Planning and Construction, and naming IEI, as a respondent. The petition seeks an order of the Court requiring the respondents to explain the grant of the oil shale exploratory license to IEI and setting aside or cancelling the license. The Union claims that the license was granted without following all requirements imposed by applicable law, particularly regarding environmental impact and compliance with zoning, land use and similar laws and plans. IEI filed its response on December 12, 2010. On April 29, 2011, the state attorney for Israel submitted its response on behalf of the named ministries and is defending the case on both the validity of the license and the planning procedure. The Court rejected the Union’s request for an injunction and scheduled a hearing on the case for October 29, 2012. IEI believes that it followed the requirements imposed by the Ministry of National Infrastructures (the agency that issued the license) and that it is in compliance with applicable laws and regulatory requirements. If the petition were granted, it would likely have a significant adverse effect on IEI’s oil shale venture.

On June 6, 2012, the Union filed a petition with the Supreme Court of Israel against various ministries of the State of Israel, IEI and other oil and gas exploration companies. The Union claims that the new regulations recently enacted by the Ministry of Energy pursuant to Section 47 of the Petroleum Law should be cancelled. The regulations clarify the process for obtaining permits under the Planning Laws required for oil and gas exploration work, and will enable IEI to proceed with key pilot test permit applications. The Court rejected the Union’s request for an injunction and ordered the respondents to submit a response by September 10, 2012.

In addition to the foregoing, the Company may from time to time be subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, none of the other legal proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Note 12—Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase and Other Commitments

The Company had purchase and other commitments of $0.2 million as of June 30, 2012.

Tax Audits

The Company is subject to audits in various jurisdictions for various taxes, including income tax, utility excise tax and sales and use tax. Specifically, IDT Energy has the following audits in process: (1) New York State income tax for fiscal 2007, fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2009, (2) New York City utility tax audit on electricity sales for the period from June 1, 2007 through December 31, 2008, and (3) New York State sales and use tax for the period from June 2003 though August 2009. In June 2011, IDT Energy received a Notice of Proposed Tax Adjustments from the New York City Finance Department related to the utility tax audit that included aggregate assessments of tax, interest and penalties of $7.2 million. IDT Energy’s potential exposure for New York City utility tax, interest and penalties for the period from January 1, 2009 through June 30, 2012 is an additional $9.0 million. At June 30, 2012, the Company’s accrual for each of these audits, and the range of the Company’s estimated reasonably possible liability above the amount accrued was as follows:

			Reasonably Possible Liability Above the Amount Accrued
	Amount Accrued		From		To
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2012
New York State income tax audit	$	2,768	$	—	$	4,200
New York City utility tax audit		4,657		—		5,900
New York State sales and use tax audit		750		—		1,100

Total	$	8,175	$	—	$	11,200

At June 30, 2012, the Company has accrued for the estimated loss from these audits for which it is probable that a liability has been incurred, however amounts asserted by taxing authorities or the amount ultimately assessed against the Company could be greater than the accrued amounts. Accordingly, additional provisions may be recorded in the future as revised estimates are made or underlying matters are settled or resolved. Imposition of assessments as a result of tax audits could have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Other Contingencies

In June 2009, IDT Energy entered into a Preferred Supplier Agreement with BP Energy Company and BP Corporation North America Inc. (collectively “BP”), pursuant to which BP is IDT Energy’s preferred provider of electricity and natural gas. IDT Energy’s obligations to BP are secured by a first security interest in deposits or receivables from utilities in connection with their purchase of IDT Energy’s customer receivables, and in any cash deposits or letters of credit posted in connection with any collateral accounts with BP. IDT Energy’s ability to purchase electricity and natural gas under this agreement is subject to satisfaction of certain conditions including the maintenance of certain covenants. The Company is in compliance with such covenants. As of June 30, 2012, restricted cash of $0.3 million and trade accounts receivable of $26.1 million were pledged to BP as collateral for the payment of IDT Energy’s trade accounts payable to BP of $11.9 million as of June 30, 2012.

Note 13—Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

On January 1, 2012, the Company adopted the accounting standard update to achieve common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The amendments in this update (1) clarify the application of certain existing fair value measurement and disclosure requirements and (2) change certain principles or requirements for measuring fair value or disclosing information about fair value measurements. The adoption of these amendments did not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Also on January 1, 2012, the Company adopted the accounting standard update to simplify how an entity tests goodwill for impairment. The amendments in the update allow an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. An entity will no longer be required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit (Step 1) unless the entity determines, based on a qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The adoption of these amendments did not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In December 2011, an accounting standard update was issued to enhance disclosures and provide converged disclosures in U.S. GAAP and IFRS about financial instruments and derivative instruments that are either offset on the statement of financial position or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement, irrespective of whether they are offset on the statement of financial position. Entities will be required to provide both net and gross information for those assets and liabilities in order to enhance comparability between entities that prepare their financial statements on the basis of U.S. GAAP and entities that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS. The Company is required to adopt this standard update on January 1, 2013. The Company is evaluating the impact that this standard update will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the associated notes thereto of this Quarterly Report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the year ended July 31, 2011 contained in our Registration Statement on Form 10, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (or SEC).

As used below, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “the Company,” “Genie,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Genie Energy Ltd., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries, collectively.

On January 30, 2012, our Board of Directors changed our fiscal year end from July 31 to December 31. This change better aligns our financial reporting with our operational and budgeting cycle and with other industry participants. We reported the results for our transitional period in a Transition Report on Form 10-Q for the five months from August 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. Going forward, our fiscal quarters will end on the last day of March, June, September and December each year.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that contain the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” and similar words and phrases. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in any forward-looking statement. In addition to the factors specifically noted in the forward-looking statements, other important factors, risks and uncertainties that could result in those differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under “Risk Factors” in our Registration Statement on Form 10 as well as under Item 1A to Part II “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Investors should consult all of the information set forth in this report and the other information set forth from time to time in our reports filed with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including our Registration Statement on Form 10, which included our consolidated financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2011.

Overview

We own 99.3% of our subsidiary, Genie Energy International Corporation, or GEIC, which owns 96.4% of IDT Energy and 92% of Genie Oil and Gas, Inc., or GOGAS. Our principal businesses consist of:

·	IDT Energy, a retail energy provider, or REP, supplying electricity and natural gas to residential and small business customers in the Northeastern United States; and

Genie Oil and Gas, which is pioneering technologies to produce clean and affordable transportation fuels from the world's abundant oil shales and other unconventional fuel resources, which consists of (1) American Shale Oil Corporation, or AMSO, which holds and manages a 50% interest in American Shale Oil, L.L.C., or AMSO, LLC, our oil shale initiative in Colorado, and (2) an 89% interest in Israel Energy Initiatives, Ltd., or IEI, our oil shale initiative in Israel.

Genie was incorporated in January 2011. References to us in the following discussion are made on a consolidated basis as if we existed and owned IDT Energy and Genie Oil and Gas in all periods discussed.

We were formerly a subsidiary of IDT Corporation, or IDT. On October 28, 2011, we were spun-off by IDT and became an independent public company through a pro rata distribution of our common stock to IDT’s stockholders (the “Spin-Off”). As a result of the Spin-Off, each of IDT’s stockholders received: (i) one share of our Class A common stock for every share of IDT’s Class A common stock held of record on October 21, 2011 (the “Record Date”), and (ii) one share of our Class B common stock for every share of IDT’s Class B common stock held of record on the Record Date. On October 28, 2011, 1.6 million shares of our Class A common stock, and 21.1 million shares of our Class B common stock were issued and outstanding.

Prior to the Spin-Off, IDT made a capital contribution of $82.2 million to us. In addition, in connection with the capital contribution received from IDT, the amount due from IDT as of the date of the Spin-Off of $2.1 million was forgiven.

We entered into various agreements with IDT prior to the Spin-Off including a Separation and Distribution Agreement to effect the separation and provide a framework for our relationship with IDT after the Spin-Off, and a Transition Services Agreement, which provides for certain, services to be performed by us and IDT to facilitate our transition into a separate publicly-traded company. These agreements provide for, among other things, (1) the allocation between us and IDT of employee benefits, taxes and other liabilities and obligations attributable to periods prior to the Spin-Off, (2) transitional services to be provided by IDT relating to human resources and employee benefits administration, (3) the allocation of responsibilities relating to employee compensation and benefit plans and programs and other related matters, (4) finance, accounting, tax, internal audit, facilities, investor relations and legal services to be provided by IDT to us following the Spin-Off and (5) specified administrative services to be provided by us to certain of IDT’s foreign subsidiaries. We expect to incur quarterly incremental costs (including for services to be provided by IDT and others) of approximately $1.5 million, including stock-based compensation, as a result of operating as a separate public company.

In addition, we entered into a Tax Separation Agreement with IDT, which sets forth the responsibilities of us and IDT with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and including the Spin-Off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes for such periods.

As part of our ongoing business development efforts, we continuously seek out new opportunities, which may include complementary operations or businesses that reflect horizontal or vertical expansion from our current operations. Some of these potential opportunities are considered briefly and others are examined in further depth. In particular, we seek out acquisitions to expand the geographic scope and size of our REP business, and additional energy exploration projects to diversify our GOGAS unit’s operations, among geographies, technologies and resources.

As part of this process, in addition to other potential opportunities, we are currently actively evaluating several potential development projects for oil shale and other conventional and unconventional energy resources in Asia and the Middle East. The energy development prospects vary in potential size, applied technology and potential time to commercial production. We recently signed an agreement with an Asian country for a joint geological survey of certain of that country’s oil shale deposits, and have applied for a license to explore a potential onshore, tight oil resource in the Middle East. These prospects are in various stages of development and it is unclear when or if we will be successful in securing any of these or other projects, or that if secured, they will be developed or commercialized or prove to be profitable. However, if one or more of these prospects were to be successfully commercialized, they could be significant in terms of their potential impact on our operations and financial condition, and could materially affect our financial results, future prospects and valuation.

Seasonality and Weather

IDT Energy’s revenues are impacted by, among other things, the weather and the seasons. Weather conditions have a significant impact on the demand for natural gas for heating and electricity for air conditioning. Typically, colder winters and hotter summers create higher demand and consumption for natural gas and electricity, respectively. Milder winters and/or summers will reduce the demand for natural gas and electricity, respectively. Natural gas revenues typically increase in the first quarter due to increased heating demands and electricity revenues typically increase in the third quarter due to increased air conditioning use. Approximately 50% and 53% of IDT Energy’s natural gas revenues were generated in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively, when demand for heating is highest. Although the demand for electricity is not as seasonal as natural gas, approximately 35% and 36% of IDT Energy’s electricity revenues were generated in the third quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively. As a result, our revenues and operating income are subject to material seasonal variations, and the interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of the estimated financials results for the full year.

Concentration of Customers and Associated Credit Risk

IDT Energy reduces its customer credit risk through its participation in purchase of receivable, or POR, programs for a significant portion of its receivables. Under these programs, utility companies provide billing and collection services, purchase IDT Energy’s receivables and assume all credit risk without recourse to IDT Energy. IDT Energy’s primary credit risk is therefore nonpayment by the utility companies. Certain of the utility companies represent significant portions of our consolidated revenues and consolidated gross trade accounts receivable balance and such concentrations increase our risk associated with nonpayment by those utility companies. We monitor the timely collections from our significant utility companies in an effort to reduce our credit risk.

The following table summarizes the percentage of consolidated revenues from utility companies that equal or exceed 10% of our consolidated revenues in the period presented (no other single customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenues in these periods):

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2012			2011
Con Edison		33.1	%		41.5	%
National Grid USA		13.2	%		18.3	%
National Grid dba Keyspan	na				14.2	%

na — less than 10% of consolidated revenue in the period

The following table summarizes the percentage of consolidated gross trade accounts receivable by utility companies that equal or exceed 10% of our consolidated gross trade accounts receivable at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

	June 30, 2012			December 31, 2011
Con Edison		44.6	%		33.8	%
National Grid USA	na				17.2	%
National Grid dba Keyspan	na				11.1	%

na — less than 10% of consolidated gross trade accounts receivable at June 30, 2012

Investment in American Shale Oil, LLC

We account for our 50% ownership interest in AMSO, LLC using the equity method since we have the ability to exercise significant influence over its operating and financial matters, although we do not control AMSO, LLC. AMSO, LLC is a variable interest entity, however, we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary.

AMSO has agreed to fund AMSO, LLC’s expenditures as follows: 20% of the initial $50 million of expenditures, 35% of the next $50 million in approved expenditures and 50% of approved expenditures in excess of $100 million. AMSO has also agreed to fund 40% of the costs of the one-time payment for conversion of AMSO, LLC’s research, development and demonstration lease to a commercial lease, in the event AMSO, LLC’s application for conversion is approved. The remaining amounts are to be funded by Total S.A., or Total. Through December 31, 2011, AMSO was allocated 20% of the net loss of AMSO, LLC. AMSO’s portion in the loss of AMSO, LLC increased in December 2011 from 20% to 35%, per our agreement with Total. AMSO’s allocated share of the net loss of AMSO, LLC is included in “Equity in the net loss of AMSO, LLC” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Total can increase AMSO’s initial required funding commitment of $10.0 million up to an additional $8.75 million if Total notifies AMSO of its commitment to continue to fund the pilot test up to an agreed upon commitment level. To date, AMSO has not received such notification from Total. Additionally, even if AMSO were to withdraw its interest in AMSO, LLC, it will remain liable for its share of expenditures for safety and environmental preservation related to events occurring prior to its withdrawal.

At June 30, 2012, our maximum exposure to additional loss as a result of our required investment in AMSO, LLC was $0.9 million, based on AMSO, LLC’s 2012 budget. Our maximum exposure to additional loss could increase based on the situations described above. The maximum exposure at June 30, 2012 was determined as follows:

	(in millions)
AMSO’s total committed investment in AMSO, LLC	$	13.2
Less: cumulative capital contributions to AMSO, LLC		(11.9	)
Less: liability for equity loss in AMSO, LLC at June 30, 2012		(0.4	)

Maximum exposure to additional loss	$	0.9

Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Registration Statement on Form 10, which includes our financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2011. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Critical accounting policies are those that require application of management’s most subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Our critical accounting policies include those related to the allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill and income taxes. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. For additional discussion of our critical accounting policies, see our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Registration Statement on Form 10, as filed with the SEC.

Results of Operations

We evaluate the performance of our operating business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. Accordingly, the income and expense line items below income (loss) from operations are only included in our discussion of the consolidated results of operations.

Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2012 Compared to Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2011

IDT Energy Segment

	Three months ended June 30,				Change						Six months ended June 30,				Change
	2012		2011		$			%			2012		2011		$			%
	(in millions)
Revenues:
Electric	$	35.4	$	28.6	$	6.8			23.7	%	$	67.1	$	60.0	$	7.1		11.9	%
Natural gas		7.5		10.1		(2.6	)		(26.4	)		33.2		42.2		(9.0	)	(21.2	)

Total revenues		42.9		38.7		4.2			10.6			100.3		102.2		(1.9	)	(1.8	)
Direct cost of revenues		31.2		28.9		2.3			7.9			70.6		75.2		(4.6	)	(6.0	)

Gross profit		11.7		9.8		1.9			18.7			29.7		27.0		2.7		10.0
Selling, general and administrative expenses		10.6		7.9		2.7			33.6			21.3		15.3		6.0		39.5

Income from operations	$	1.1	$	1.9	$	(0.8	)		(43.9	)%	$	8.4	$	11.7	$	(3.3	)	(28.2	)%

Revenues. IDT Energy’s electricity revenues increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same periods in 2011 as a result of a significant increase in consumption, partially offset by a decrease in the average rate charged to customers. Electric consumption increased 70.4% and 57.2% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2011, and the average electric rate charged to customers decreased 27.4% and 28.8% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2011. The increase in electric consumption was the result of an increase in meters enrolled coupled with an increase in average consumption per meter. The decrease in the average electric rate charged to customers was primarily the result of a decrease in the underlying commodity cost. In the three months ended June 30, 2012, IDT Energy entered an additional electric territory in Pennsylvania with an addressable market of approximately seven hundred thousand meters, and now offers electric service in substantially all of Pennsylvania.

IDT Energy’s natural gas revenues decreased in the three months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011 as a result of a decrease in the average rate charged to customers due to a decline in the underlying commodity cost, as well as a decrease in consumption and average consumption per meter, although meters enrolled increased in the three months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011. The per unit rate charged to customers decreased 25.1% in the three months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011. Natural gas consumption decreased 1.7% and consumption per meter decreased 9.9% in the three months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011.

IDT Energy's natural gas revenues decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011 primarily due to unusually warm weather in the three months ended March 31, 2012 which reduced the demand for natural gas for heat. As measured by heating degree days, a measure of outside air temperature designed to reflect the energy required for heating, New York State was 24% warmer in the three months ended March 31, 2012 than in the same period in 2011. The unseasonably warm weather contributed to decreases in both the per unit rate charged and in consumption per meter. The per unit rate charged to customers decreased 17.2% in the six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011. Consumption per meter decreased 14.3% in the six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011. The decline in demand for heat as well as increased domestic production of natural gas and relatively high storage gas inventories caused a decrease in the underlying natural gas cost, which allowed us to decrease the average natural gas rate charged to customers. The decline in the average natural gas rate charged to customers was also the result of discounts and promotional rates for new customers. The decline in consumption was partially offset by an increase in meters served.

IDT Energy’s customer base as measured by meters enrolled consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2012		March 31, 2012		December 31, 2011		September 30, 2011		June 30, 2011
	(in thousands)
Meters at end of quarter:
Electricity customers		313		289		254		247		224
Natural gas customers		182		186		184		183		172

Total meters		495		475		438		430		396

Gross meter acquisitions in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 were 101,000 and 209,000, respectively, compared to 69,000 and 115,000 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively. Net meters enrolled increased by 20,000 or 4.1% in the three months ended June 30, 2012 compared to an increase of 19,000 meters or 5.1% in the three months ended June 30, 2011, and increased by 57,000 or 13.0% in the six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to an increase of 28,000 meters or 7.7% in the six months ended June 30, 2011, as gross meter acquisitions were partially offset by customer churn. Average monthly churn increased from 5.2% in the three months ended June 30, 2011 to 6.6% in the three months ended June 30, 2012 and increased from 4.9% in the six months ended June 30, 2011 to 6.5% in the six months ended June 30, 2012, primarily because of the continued acceleration in customer acquisitions, with its respective higher churn profile, and increased competition in some of IDT Energy’s key utility markets.

The average rates of annualized energy consumption, as measured by residential customer equivalents, or RCEs, are presented in the chart below. An RCE represents a natural gas customer with annual consumption of 100 mmbtu or an electricity customer with annual consumption of 10 MWh. Because different customers have different rates of energy consumption, RCEs are an industry standard metric for evaluating the consumption profile of a given retail customer base. The 25.0% RCE increase at June 30, 2012 compared to June 30, 2011 reflects primarily the increase in electric meters enrolled as well as, to a lesser degree, a shift in IDT Energy’s electricity customer base to customers with higher consumption per meter. A significant portion of IDT Energy’s growth in RCEs was from recent expansion into electric-only utilities’ territories, with higher electric consumption per meter than IDT Energy’s legacy customer base. This increase was partially offset by decreases in natural gas RCEs due to consumption declines associated with the warmer than normal weather over the measurement period.

	June 30, 2012		March 31, 2012		December 31, 2011		September 30, 2011		June 30, 2011
	(in thousands)
RCEs at end of quarter:
Electricity customers		204		176		153		142		135
Natural gas customers		88		82		95		100		99

Total RCEs		292		258		248		242		234

Direct Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin Percentage. IDT Energy’s direct cost of revenues and gross margin percentage were as follows:

	Three months ended June 30,				Change						Six months ended June 30,				Change
	2012		2011		$			%			2012		2011		$			%
	(in millions)
Direct cost of revenues:
Electric	$	25.9	$	20.7	$	5.2			25.1	%	$	46.0	$	41.5	$	4.5		11.2	%
Natural gas		5.3		8.2		(2.9	)		(35.8	)		24.6		33.7		(9.1	)	(27.1	)

Total direct cost of revenues	$	31.2	$	28.9	$	2.3			7.9	%	$	70.6	$	75.2	$	(4.6	)	(6.0	)%

	Three months ended June 30,									Six months ended June 30,
	2012			2011			Change			2012	2011	Change
Gross margin percentage:
Electric		26.8	%		27.6	%		(0.8	)%