UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
FORM 10-K | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Mark One) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||||||||||||||||
For the year ended December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
OR | ||||||||||||||||||||||
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||||||||||||||||
For the transition period from ___________________________ to _________________________________ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Commission file number 1-7928 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Delaware | 94-1381833 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||||||||||||||||
1000 Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, California | 94547 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Registrant's telephone number, including area code | (510) 724-7000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Title of Each Class | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |||||||||||||||||||||
Class A Common Stock Par Value $0.0001 per share | New York Stock Exchange | |||||||||||||||||||||
Class B Common Stock Par Value $0.0001 per share | New York Stock Exchange | |||||||||||||||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
¨ Yes | ý No | |||||||||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
¨ Yes | ý No | |||||||||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been | ||||||||||||||||||||||
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. | ý Yes | ¨ No | ||||||||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). | ||||||||||||||||||||||
ý Yes | ¨ No | |||||||||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Large accelerated filer | ý | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-accelerated file | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨ | |||||||||||||||||||
Emerging growth company | ¨ | |||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No | ||||||||||||||||||||||
As of June 30, 2018, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the Registrant's Class A Common Stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $6,113,695,454 and the aggregate market value of the registrant's Class B Common Stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $67,665,886. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
As of March 26, 2019, there were 24,707,868 shares of Class A Common Stock and 5,092,404 shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Documents Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Document | Form 10-K Parts | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1) | Definitive Proxy Statement to be mailed to stockholders in connection with the | |||||||||||||||||||||
registrant's 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (specified portions) | III | |||||||||||||||||||||
BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC.
FORM 10-K DECEMBER 31, 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INFORMATION RELATING TO FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Other than statements of historical fact, statements made in this Annual Report include forward-looking statements, such as statements with respect to our future financial performance, operating results, plans and objectives that involve risk and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “intend,” “estimate,” “continue,” or similar expressions or the negative of those terms or expressions. Such statements involve risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to vary materially from those expressed in or indicated by the forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. However, actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated depending on a variety of risk factors including but not limited to those identified under “Item 1A, Risk Factors” of this Annual Report. We caution you not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect an analysis only and speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.
PART I.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS |
General
Founded in 1952 and incorporated in 1957, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (referred to in this report as “Bio-Rad,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) was initially engaged in the development and production of specialty chemicals used in biochemical, pharmaceutical and other life science research applications. We entered the field of clinical diagnostics with the development of our first test kit based on separation techniques and materials developed for life science research. Through internal research and development efforts and acquisitions we have expanded into various markets. Today, Bio-Rad manufactures and supplies the life science research, healthcare, analytical chemistry and other markets with a broad range of products and systems used to separate complex chemical and biological materials and to identify, analyze and purify their components.
As we broadened our product lines, we also expanded our geographical market. We have direct distribution channels in over 35 countries outside the United States through subsidiaries whose focus is sales, customer service and product distribution. In some locations outside and inside these 35 countries, sales efforts are supplemented by distributors and agents.
Description of Business
Business Segments
Today, Bio-Rad operates in two industry segments designated as Life Science and Clinical Diagnostics. Both segments operate worldwide. Our Life Science segment and our Clinical Diagnostics segment generated 37% and 62%, respectively, of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2018. We generated approximately 38% of our consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2018 from U.S. sales and approximately 62% from sales in our remaining worldwide markets.
For a description of business and financial information on industry and geographic segments, see Note 14 of Item 8 of Part II of this report.
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Life Science Segment
Our Life Science segment is at the forefront of discovery, creating advanced tools to answer complex biological questions. We are a leader in the life sciences market and develop, manufacture and market approximately 6,000 reagents, apparatus and laboratory instruments that serve a global customer base. Many of our products are used in established research techniques, biopharmaceutical production processes and food testing regimes. These techniques are typically used to separate, purify and identify biological materials such as proteins, nucleic acids and bacteria within a laboratory or production setting. We focus on selected segments of the life sciences market in proteomics (the study of proteins), genomics (the study of genes), biopharmaceutical production, cellular biology and food safety. We estimate that the worldwide market that our portfolios can address for products in these selected segments of our addressable markets is approximately $9 billion. Our principal life science customers include universities and medical schools, industrial research organizations, government agencies, pharmaceutical manufacturers, biotechnology researchers, food producers and food testing laboratories.
Clinical Diagnostics Segment
Our Clinical Diagnostics segment designs, manufactures, sells and supports test systems, informatics systems, test kits and specialized quality controls that serve clinical laboratories in the global diagnostics market. Our products currently address specific niches within the in vitro diagnostics (IVD) test market, and we seek to focus on the higher margin, higher growth segments of this market.
We supply more than 3,000 different products that cover more than 300 clinical diagnostic tests to the IVD test market. We estimate that the worldwide sales for products in the markets we serve were approximately $12 billion. IVD tests are conducted outside the human body and are used to identify and measure substances in a patient’s tissue, blood or urine. Our products consist of reagents, instruments and software, typically provided to our customers as an integrated package to allow them to generate reproducible test results. Revenue in this business is highly recurring, as laboratories typically standardize test methodologies, which are dependent on a particular supplier’s equipment, reagents and consumable products. An installed base of diagnostic test systems therefore typically creates an ongoing source of revenue through the sale of test kits for each sample analyzed on an installed system. Our principal clinical diagnostic customers include hospital laboratories, reference laboratories, transfusion laboratories and physician office laboratories.
Raw Materials and Components
We utilize a wide variety of chemicals, biological materials, electronic components, machined metal parts, optical parts, computing and peripheral devices. Most of these materials and components are available from numerous sources, and generally we have not experienced difficulty in securing adequate supplies. However, in certain instances we acquire components and materials from a sole supplier. Due to the regulatory environment in which we operate, we may be unable to quickly establish additional or replacement sources for some components or materials.
Patents, Trademarks and Licenses
We own over 2,000 U.S. and international patents and numerous trademarks. We also hold licenses under U.S. and foreign patents owned by third parties and pay royalties on the sales of certain products under the licenses. We view these patents, trademarks and license agreements as valuable assets; however, we believe that our ability to develop and manufacture our products depends primarily on our knowledge, technology and special skills rather than our patent, trademark and licensing positions.
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Seasonal Operations and Backlog
Our business is not inherently seasonal. However, the European custom of concentrating vacation during the summer months usually tempers third quarter sales volume and operating income.
For the most part, we operate in markets characterized by short lead times and the absence of significant backlogs. Management has concluded that backlog information is not material to our business as a whole.
Sales and Marketing
We conduct our worldwide operations through an extensive direct sales force, employing approximately 940 direct sales and sales management personnel around the world. Our sales force typically consists of experienced industry professionals with scientific training, and we maintain a separate specialist sales force for each of our segments. We believe that this direct sales approach allows us to sell a broader range of our products that creates more brand awareness and long-term relationships with our customers.
We also use a range of sales and marketing intermediaries (SMIs) in our international markets. The types of SMIs we utilize are distributors, agents, brokers and resellers. We have programs and policies in place with our SMIs that require compliance with all applicable laws, including adhering to our anti-corruption standards to ensure a transparent sale to our customers.
Our customer base is broad and diversified. Our worldwide customer base includes (1) prominent university and research institutions; (2) hospital, public health and commercial laboratories; (3) other leading diagnostic manufacturers; and (4) leading companies in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries. There has been no single customer that accounted for more than three percent of our total net sales. Our sales are affected by a number of external factors. For example, a number of our customers, particularly in the Life Science segment, are substantially dependent on government grants and research contracts for their funding.
Most of our international sales are generated by our wholly-owned international subsidiaries and their branch offices. Certain of these subsidiaries also have manufacturing facilities. Bio-Rad’s international operations are subject to certain risks common to foreign operations in general, such as changes in governmental regulations, import restrictions and foreign exchange fluctuations.
Competition
The markets served by our product groups are highly competitive. Our competitors range in size from start-ups to large multinational corporations with significant resources and reach. We seek to compete primarily in market segments where our products and technology offer customers specific advantages over the competition.
Because of the breadth of its product lines, our Life Science segment does not face the same competitors for all of its products. Major competitors in this market include Becton Dickinson, GE Biosciences, Merck Millipore and Thermo Fisher Scientific. We compete primarily based on meeting performance specifications and offering complete solutions.
Major competitors of our Clinical Diagnostics segment include Roche, Abbott Laboratories, Siemens, Danaher, Thermo Fisher, Becton Dickinson, bioMérieux, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Tosoh, Immucor and DiaSorin. We compete in our customer segments by providing high quality products, broad product portfolios and outstanding customer support.
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Research and Development
We conduct extensive research and development activities in all areas of our business, employing approximately 800 employees worldwide in these activities, including degreed scientists and technical support staff. Research and development has played a major role in Bio-Rad’s growth and is expected to continue to do so in the future. Our research teams are continuously developing new products and new applications for existing products. In our development of new products and applications, we interact with scientific and medical professionals at universities, hospitals and medical schools, and within our industry.
Regulatory Matters
The development, testing, manufacturing, marketing, post-market surveillance, distribution, advertising and labeling of certain of our products (primarily diagnostic products) are subject to regulation in the United States by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and in other jurisdictions by state and foreign government authorities. FDA regulations require that some new products have pre-marketing clearance or approval by the FDA and require certain products to be manufactured in accordance with FDA’s “good manufacturing practice” regulations, to be extensively tested and to be properly labeled to disclose test results and performance claims and limitations. After a product that is subject to FDA regulation is placed on the market, numerous regulatory requirements apply, including, for example, the requirement that we comply with recordkeeping and reporting requirements, such as the FDA’s medical device reporting regulations and reporting of corrections and removals. The FDA enforces these requirements by inspection and market surveillance. The FDA has authority to take various administrative and legal actions against us for our, or our products’, failure to comply with relevant legal or regulatory requirements, including issuing warning letters, initiating product seizures, requesting or requiring product recalls or withdrawals, and other civil or criminal sanctions, among other things.
We are also subject to additional healthcare regulation and enforcement by the federal government and by authorities in the states and foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. Such laws include, without limitation, state and federal anti-kickback, fraud and abuse, false claims, privacy and security and physician sunshine laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of such laws or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including, without limitation, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs and imprisonment.
Sales of our products will depend, in part, on the extent to which our products or diagnostic tests using our products will be covered by third-party payors, such as government health care programs, commercial insurance and managed healthcare organizations. These third-party payors are increasingly reducing reimbursements for certain medical products and services. In addition, the U.S. government, state legislatures and foreign governments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls and restrictions on reimbursement. Adoption of price controls and cost-containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existing controls and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. Decreases in third-party reimbursement for our products or diagnostic tests using our products, or a decision by a third-party payor to not cover our products could reduce or eliminate utilization of our products and have a material adverse effect on our sales, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, healthcare reform measures have been and will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that governments will pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in reduced demand for our products or additional pricing pressures.
As a multinational manufacturer and distributor of sophisticated instrumentation, we must meet a wide array of electromagnetic compatibility and safety compliance requirements to satisfy regulations in the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions.
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Our operations are subject to federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations that govern such activities as transportation of goods, emissions to air and discharges to water, as well as handling and disposal practices for solid, hazardous and medical wastes. In addition to environmental laws that regulate our operations, we are also subject to environmental laws and regulations that create liabilities and clean-up responsibility for spills, disposals or other releases of hazardous substances into the environment as a result of our operations or otherwise impacting real property that we own or operate. The environmental laws and regulations could also subject us to claims by third parties for damages resulting from any spills, disposals or releases resulting from our operations or at any of our properties.
These regulatory requirements vary widely among countries.
Employees
At December 31, 2018, Bio-Rad had approximately 8,260 employees. Approximately eight percent of our approximately 3,265 U.S. employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, which will expire on November 7, 2019. Many of our non-U.S. full-time employees, especially in France, are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We consider our employee relations to be generally good.
Available Information
Bio-Rad files annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including Bio-Rad, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.
Bio-Rad’s website address is www.bio-rad.com. We make available, free of charge through our website, our Form 10-Ks, 10-Qs and 8-Ks, and any amendments to these forms, as soon as reasonably practicable after filing with the SEC. The information on our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
In evaluating our business and whether to invest in any of our securities, you should carefully read the following risk factors in addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report. We believe that any of the following risks could have a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition, our industry or the trading price of our common stock. We operate in a continually changing business environment, and new risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time. We cannot predict these new risks and uncertainties, nor can we assess the extent to which any such new risks and uncertainties or the extent to which the risks and uncertainties set forth below may adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, our industry or the trading price of our common stock.
Our settlement with government agencies in connection with violations by us of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
As previously disclosed, we entered into a non-prosecution agreement (NPA) with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and consented to the entry of an Order by the SEC (SEC Order), effective November 3, 2014, which actions resolved both the DOJ and the SEC investigations into our violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). Under the terms of the NPA and the SEC Order, we agreed to pay a financial penalty and certain amounts in disgorgement and interest as well as to compliance, reporting and cooperation obligations to be performed for two years. On October 28, 2016, the DOJ and SEC informed Bio-Rad that they did not intend to extend the NPA after it expired November 2, 2016.
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Whether by virtue of disclosure of the NPA and the SEC Order or otherwise, we may be subject to investigations by foreign governments or further claims by third parties arising from conduct subject to the investigation or our other international operations. Many of our customers in our significant international operations are government agencies or state-owned or state-controlled universities, hospitals and laboratories. The disclosure of the NPA and the SEC Order and any further violations of the FCPA could harm our reputation with these customers, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any further violations of the FCPA also could result in more punitive actions by the SEC and DOJ, which also could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our international operations expose us to additional costs and legal and regulatory risks, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have significant international operations. We have direct distribution channels in over 35 countries outside the United States, and in 2018 our foreign subsidiaries generated 62% of our net sales. Compliance with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations increases our cost of doing business. These numerous and sometimes conflicting laws and regulations include, among others, data privacy requirements (including the requirements for compliance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation, which went into effect May 25, 2018), labor relations laws, tax laws, anti-competition regulations, import and trade restrictions, tariffs, quotas and other trade barriers, export requirements, U.S. laws such as the FCPA and other U.S. federal laws and regulations established by the office of Foreign Asset Control, foreign laws such as the UK Bribery Act 2010 or other foreign laws which prohibit corrupt payments to governmental officials or certain payments or remunerations to customers. In addition, changes in laws or regulations potentially could be disruptive to our operations and business relationships in the affected regions. For example, the United Kingdom's anticipated withdrawal from the European Union (commonly referred to as “Brexit”) could disrupt the free movement of goods, services and people between the United Kingdom and the European Union and result in increased regulatory, legal, labor and tax complexities.
Given the high level of complexity of the foreign and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations, there is a risk that we may inadvertently breach some provisions, for example, through fraudulent or negligent behavior of individual employees, our failure to comply with certain formal documentation requirements, or otherwise. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to anticipate these risks and manage these challenges through policies, procedures and internal controls. However, we have a dispersed international sales organization, and we use distributors and agents in many of our international operations. This structure makes it more difficult for us to ensure that our international selling operations comply with our global policies and procedures.
Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, requirements to obtain export licenses, cessation of business activities in sanctioned countries, implementation of compliance programs, and prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Violations of laws and regulations also could result in prohibitions on our ability to offer our products in one or more countries and could materially damage our reputation, our brand, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, or our business, results of operations and financial condition. See also our risk factors regarding government regulations and regarding global economic conditions below.
The industries and market segments in which we operate are highly competitive, and we may not be able to compete effectively.
The life science and clinical diagnostics markets are each highly competitive. Some of our competitors have merged, and some of our competitors have greater financial resources than we do, making them better equipped to license technologies and intellectual property from third parties or to fund research and development, manufacturing and marketing efforts. Moreover, competitive and regulatory conditions in many markets in which we operate restrict our ability to fully recover, through price increases, higher costs of acquired goods and services resulting from inflation and other drivers of cost increases. Many public tenders have become more competitive due to governments lengthening the commitments of their public tenders to multiple years, which reduce the number of tenders in which we can participate annually. Because the value of these multiple-year tenders is so
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high, our competitors have been more aggressive with their pricing. Our failure to compete effectively and/or pricing pressures resulting from competition could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may not be able to grow our business because of our failure to develop new or improved products.
Our future growth depends in part on our ability to continue to improve our product offerings and develop and introduce new product lines and extensions that integrate technological advances. In particular, we may not be able to keep up with changes in the clinical diagnostics industry, such as the trend toward molecular diagnostics or point-of-care tests. If we are unable to integrate technological advances into our product offerings or to design, develop, manufacture and market new product lines and extensions successfully and in a timely manner, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. We have experienced product launch delays in the past, and may do so in the future. We cannot assure you that our product and process development efforts will be successful or that new products we introduce will achieve market acceptance. Failure to launch successful new products or improvements to existing products may cause our products to become obsolete, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to foreign currency exchange fluctuations, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
As stated above, a significant portion of our operations and sales are outside of the United States. When we make purchases and sales in currencies other than the U.S. dollars, we are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar that may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Our international sales are largely denominated in local currencies. As a result, the strengthening of the U.S. dollar negatively impacts our consolidated net sales expressed in U.S. dollars. Conversely, when the U.S. dollar weakens, our expenses at our international sites increase. In addition, the volatility of other currencies may negatively impact our operations outside of the United States and increase our costs to hedge against currency fluctuations. We cannot assure you that future shifts in currency exchange rates will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We may experience difficulties implementing our new global enterprise resource planning system.
We are engaged in a multi-year implementation of a new global enterprise resource planning system (ERP). The ERP is designed to efficiently maintain our books and records and provide information important to the operation of our business to our management team. The ERP will continue to require significant investment of human and financial resources. In implementing the ERP, we may experience significant delays, increased costs and other difficulties. Any significant disruption or deficiency in the design and implementation of the ERP could adversely affect our ability to process orders, ship product, send invoices and track payments, fulfill contractual obligations or otherwise operate our business. For example, we experienced system implementation issues in our Clinical Diagnostics segment during our first deployment that impacted invoicing and caused an increase in accounts receivable. In our second deployment, we experienced delays in manufacturing and logistics, which adversely impacted our sales. In our third deployment in Western Europe in April 2017 we experienced system implementation issues impacting the timing of payment of vendor invoices and resulting in delays in product availability and shipments. We also experienced lower productivity levels related to the April 2017 go-live of the ERP in Western Europe, which adversely impacted our sales during the second and third quarters of 2017. We expect to implement the remaining smaller phases of the ERP platform over the next few years. In addition, our efforts to centralize various business processes and functions within our organization in connection with our ERP implementation may continue to disrupt our operations and negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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Recent and planned changes to our organizational structure and executive management team could negatively impact our business.
We made significant changes to our organizational structure over the past few years. In 2016, we began implementing the reorganization of the structure of our European organization, and we have continued implementing this reorganization in 2017 and 2018. Our Chief Operating Officer retired on March 30, 2018, and our search for a new Chief Operating Officer is underway. In addition, our Chief Financial Officer will be retiring on April 30, 2019, so we will have a new Chief Financial Officer in 2019. These changes may have unintended consequences, such as distraction of our management and employees, business disruption, attrition of our workforce, inability to attract or retain key employees, and reduced employee morale or productivity.
Our failure to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in material misstatements in our financial statements, our failure to meet our reporting obligations and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which in turn could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline.
Maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to produce reliable financial statements.
As previously discussed in Item 9A "Controls and Procedures" of our Annual Report for the period ended December 31, 2017, and Item 4 "Controls and Procedures" of our 2018 Form 10-Q's, management identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting resulting from our ERP system conversion and European reorganization leading to the internal control deficiencies described below. We determined that we did not maintain a sufficient complement of personnel in certain European countries with appropriate training and expertise in accounting and reporting in the new ERP system following the system conversion and European reorganization that we undertook in April 2017, including the implementation of reporting lines, appropriate authorities and responsibilities within and between our accounting and reporting function, information technology and the business operations in these European countries. We did not conduct continuous risk assessment over changes in our European business operations, IT systems and personnel to identify and assess necessary changes in internal control over financial reporting. As a result, we did not design effective control activities over the accounting for financial statement amounts, including inventory and revenue, reported by entities impacted by the European reorganization, including management review controls with sufficient precision to identify and investigate potential outliers.
During the fourth quarter of 2017 and throughout 2018, management conducted an extensive remediation plan to address its material weakness. The remediation plan involved enhancing the control environment in the entities impacted by the ERP system conversion and European reorganization by (i) increasing resources with sufficient accounting and reporting expertise within our reorganized business and expertise in using our new ERP system, (ii) implementing and monitoring reporting lines and appropriate authorities and responsibilities within the accounting and reporting function, information technology and the business operations, and (iii) providing training to our control owners to effectively perform controls in the new environment including training on reconciliation review controls and certain ERP system enhancements. Management also enhanced its risk assessment process to continuously assess the potential impact on internal control over financial reporting of changes to business operations, including changes relating to similar ERP system conversions and reorganizations that may occur in the future. In addition, management designed and implemented additional control activities over financial statement amounts reported by entities impacted by the European reorganization, including inventory, revenue and cost of goods sold. Implementation of management's remediation plans described above have strengthened our internal control over financial reporting and addressed the material weakness that was identified in 2017. Based on this assessment, management concluded that the material weakness has been remediated as of December 31, 2018. However, we cannot assure you that additional deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future.
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Material weaknesses have adversely affected us in the past and could affect us in the future, and the results of our periodic management evaluations and annual auditor attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Any failure to maintain or implement new or improved internal controls, or any difficulties that we may encounter in their maintenance or implementation, could result in additional significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements and cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. This could cause us to lose public confidence, and could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. For further information regarding our controls and procedures, see Part II, Item 9A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Breaches of our information systems could have material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Through our sales and eCommerce channels, we collect and store confidential information that customers provide to, among other things, purchase products or services, enroll in promotional programs and register on our Web site. We also acquire and retain information about suppliers and employees in the normal course of business. We also create and maintain proprietary information that is critical to our business, such as our product designs and manufacturing processes. Despite recent initiatives to improve our technology systems, such as our enterprise resource planning implementation and the centralization of our global information technology organization, we could experience a significant data security breach. Computer hackers may attempt to penetrate our or our vendors’ information systems and, if successful, misappropriate confidential customer, supplier, employee or other business information, such as our intellectual property. Third parties could also gain control of our systems and use them for criminal purposes while appearing to be us. As a result, we could lose existing customers, have difficulty attracting new customers, be exposed to claims from customers, financial institutions, payment card associations, employees and other persons, have regulatory sanctions or penalties imposed, incur additional expenses or lose revenues as a result of a data privacy breach, or suffer other adverse consequences. Our operations and ability to process sales orders, particularly through our eCommerce channels, could also be disrupted. Any significant breakdown, intrusion, interruption, corruption, or destruction of our systems, as well as any data breaches, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. See also our risk factors regarding our ERP implementation above and our information technology systems below.
Risks relating to intellectual property rights may negatively impact our business.
We rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret, patent and trademark laws and third-party nondisclosure agreements to protect our intellectual property rights and products. However, we cannot assure you that our intellectual property rights will not be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or rendered unenforceable, or that meaningful protection or adequate remedies will be available to us. For instance, unauthorized third parties have attempted to copy our intellectual property, reverse engineer or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary, or have developed equivalent technologies independently, and may do so in the future. Additionally, third parties have asserted patent, copyright and other intellectual property rights to technologies that are important to us, and may do so in the future. If we are unable to license or otherwise access protected technology used in our products, or if we lose our rights under any existing licenses, we could be prohibited from manufacturing and marketing such products. From time to time, we also must enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights or defend ourselves against claimed infringement of the rights of others through litigation. As a result, we could incur substantial costs, be forced to redesign our products, or be required to pay damages to an infringed party. Any of the foregoing matters could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Global economic conditions could adversely affect our operations.
In recent years, we have been faced with very challenging global economic conditions. A deterioration in the global economic environment may result in decreased demand for our products, increased competition, downward pressure on the prices for our products and longer sales cycles. A weakening of macroeconomic conditions may also adversely affect our suppliers, which could result in interruptions in supply in the future. We have also experienced delays in collecting receivables in certain countries in Western Europe, and we may experience similar
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delays in these and other countries or regions experiencing liquidity problems. In addition, a slowing of growth in the Chinese economy and in emerging markets, especially those oil-producing countries that would be affected by a decline in oil prices, could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. There is also uncertainty surrounding the impact that Brexit will have on European and worldwide economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and a negative effect from any of these things could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. Additionally, the United States and other countries recently have imposed tariffs on certain goods. While tariffs imposed by other countries on U.S. goods have not yet had a significant impact on our business, further escalation of tariffs or other trade barriers could adversely impact our profitability and/or our competitiveness. See also our risk factors regarding our international operations above and regarding government regulations below.
Reductions in government funding and the capital spending programs of our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Our customers include universities, clinical diagnostics laboratories, government agencies, hospitals and pharmaceutical, biotechnology and chemical companies. The capital spending programs of these institutions and companies have a significant effect on the demand for our products. Such programs are based on a wide variety of factors, including the resources available to make such purchases, the availability of funding from grants by governments or government agencies, the spending priorities for various types of equipment and the policies regarding capital expenditures during industry downturns or recessionary periods. If government funding to our customers were to decrease, or if our customers were to decrease or reallocate their budgets in a manner adverse to us, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
Changes in the healthcare industry could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
There have been, and will continue to be, significant changes in the healthcare industry in an effort to reduce costs. These changes include:
• | The trend towards managed care, together with healthcare reform of the delivery system in the United States and efforts to reform in Europe, has resulted in increased pressure on healthcare providers and other participants in the healthcare industry to reduce selling prices. Consolidation among healthcare providers and consolidation among other participants in the healthcare industry has resulted in fewer, more powerful groups, whose purchasing power gives them cost containment leverage. In particular, there has been a consolidation of laboratories and a consolidation of blood transfusion centers. These industry trends and competitive forces place constraints on the levels of overall pricing, and thus could have a material adverse effect on our gross margins for products we sell in clinical diagnostic markets. |
• | Third party payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid in the United States, have reduced their reimbursements for certain medical products and services. Our Clinical Diagnostics business is impacted by the level of reimbursement available for clinical tests from third party payors. In the United States payment for many diagnostic tests furnished to Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries is made based on the Medicare Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (CLFS), a fee schedule established and adjusted from time to time by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Some commercial payors are guided by the CLFS in establishing their reimbursement rates. Clinicians may decide not to order clinical diagnostic tests if third party payments are inadequate, and we cannot predict whether third party payors will offer adequate reimbursement for tests utilizing our products to make them commercially attractive. Legislation, such as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (PPACA) and the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, has reduced the payments for clinical laboratory services paid under the CLFS. In addition, the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (PAMA) has made significant changes to the way Medicare will pay for clinical laboratory services, which has further reduced reimbursement rates. |
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• | The PPACA has also imposed a 2.3% excise tax on the sales of certain medical devices in the U.S., which we are required to pay on most of our United States Clinical Diagnostic sales. However, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (Pub. L. 114-113), signed into law on December 18, 2015, included a two year moratorium on the medical device excise tax. On January 22, 2018, the moratorium on the medical device excise tax was further extended until January 1, 2020. |
To the extent that the healthcare industry seeks to address the need to contain costs stemming from reform measures such as those contained in the PPACA and the PAMA, or in future legislation, by limiting the number of clinical tests being performed or the amount of reimbursement available for such tests, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. If these changes in the healthcare markets in the United States and Europe continue, we could be forced to alter our approach in selling, marketing, distributing and servicing our products.
We are subject to substantial government regulation, and any changes in regulation or violations of regulations by us could adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations or financial condition.
Some of our products (primarily our Clinical Diagnostic products), production processes and marketing are subject to U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign regulation, including by the FDA in the United States and its foreign counterparts. The FDA regulates our Clinical Diagnostic products as medical devices, and we are subject to significant regulatory clearances or approvals to market our Clinical Diagnostic products and other requirements including, for example, recordkeeping and reporting requirements, such as the FDA’s medical device reporting regulations and reporting of corrections and removals. The FDA has broad regulatory and enforcement powers. If the FDA determines that we have failed to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, it can impose a variety of enforcement actions ranging from public warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties to suspension or delayed issuance of approvals, seizure or recall of our products, total or partial shutdown of production, withdrawal of approvals or clearances already granted, and criminal prosecution.
The FDA can also require us to repair, replace or refund the cost of devices that we manufactured or distributed.
In addition, the FDA may change its clearance and approval policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions, which may prevent or delay approval or clearance of our products or impact our ability to modify our currently approved or cleared products on a timely basis. Changes in the FDA’s review of certain clinical diagnostic products referred to as laboratory developed tests, which are tests developed by a single laboratory for use only in that laboratory, could affect some of our customers who use our Life Science instruments for laboratory developed tests. In the past, the FDA has chosen to not enforce applicable regulations and has not reviewed such tests for approval. However, the FDA has issued draft guidance that it may begin enforcing its medical device requirements, including premarket submission requirements, to such tests. Any delay in, or failure to receive or maintain, clearance or approval for our products could prevent us from generating revenue from these products and adversely affect our business operations and financial results. Additionally, the FDA and other regulatory authorities have broad enforcement powers. Regulatory enforcement or inquiries, or other increased scrutiny on us, could affect the perceived safety and efficacy of our products and dissuade our customers from using our products.
Many foreign governments have similar rules and regulations regarding the importation, registration, labeling, sale and use of our products. Such agencies may also impose new requirements that may require us to modify or re-register products already on the market or otherwise impact our ability to market our products in those countries. For example, in April 2017 the European Parliament voted to enact final regulations that include broad changes regarding in vitro diagnostic devices and medical devices, which will require us to modify or re-register some products and will result in additional costs. In addition, Russia has enacted more stringent medical product registration and labeling regulations, China has enacted stricter labeling requirements, and we expect other countries, such as Brazil and India, to impose more regulations that impact our product registrations. Brexit also will likely result in additional regulatory requirements associated with goods sold in the United Kingdom and will likely result in additional complexities and possible delays with respect to goods, raw materials and personnel moving between the United Kingdom and the European Union. Due to these evolving and diverse requirements, we face uncertain product approval timelines, additional time and effort to comply, as well as the potential for
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reduced sales and/or fines for noncompliance. Increasing protectionism in such countries also impedes our ability to compete with local companies. For example, we may not be able to participate in certain public tenders in Russia because of increasing measures to restrict access to such tenders for companies without local manufacturing capabilities. Such regulations could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. See also our risk factors regarding our international operations and regarding global economic conditions above.
We are also subject to government regulation of the use and handling of a number of materials and controlled substances. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration establishes registration, security, recordkeeping, reporting, storage, distribution and other requirements for controlled substances pursuant to the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Failure to comply with present or future laws and regulations could result in substantial liability to us, suspension or cessation of our operations, restrictions on our ability to expand at our present locations or require us to make significant capital expenditures or incur other significant expenses.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to integrate acquired companies, products or technologies into our company successfully, or we may not be able to realize the anticipated benefits from the acquisitions.
As part of our overall business strategy, we pursue acquisitions of and investments in complementary companies, products and technologies. In order to be successful in these activities, we must, among other things:
• | assimilate the operations and personnel of acquired companies; |
• | retain acquired business customers; |
• | minimize potential disruption to our ongoing business; |
• | retain key technical and management personnel; |
• | integrate acquired companies into our strategic and financial plans; |
• | accurately assess the value of target companies, products and technologies; |
• | comply with new regulatory requirements; |
• | harmonize standards, controls, procedures and policies; |
• | minimize the impact to our relationships with our employees and customers; and |
• | assess, document and remediate any deficiencies in disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. |
The benefits of any acquisition may prove to be less than anticipated and may not outweigh the costs reported in our financial statements. Completing any potential future acquisitions could cause significant diversion of our management’s time and resources. If we acquire new companies, products or technologies, we may be required to assume contingent liabilities or record impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets over time. Goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets are subject to impairment testing, and potential periodic goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets, and other write-offs could harm our operating results. Impairment tests are highly sensitive to changes in assumptions and minor changes to assumptions could result in impairment losses. If the results forecast in our impairment tests are not achieved, or business trends vary from the assumptions used in forecasts, or external factors change detrimentally, future impairment losses may occur. For example, as we previously discussed in Item 7 of our Annual Report for the period ended December 31, 2017, one reporting unit, whose goodwill was primarily from the acquisitions of Biotest AG and DiaMed Holding AG, had excess fair value over book value of only 8% at December 31, 2017. The goodwill allocated to this reporting unit as of December 31, 2017 was $263.6 million. We impaired all the goodwill related to this reporting unit for the year ended December 31, 2018 because assumptions utilized in our 2017 forecast did not materialize.
We cannot assure you that we will successfully overcome these risks or any other problems we encounter in connection with any acquisitions, and any such acquisitions could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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Product quality and liability issues could harm our reputation and negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We must adequately address quality issues associated with our products, including defects in our engineering, design and manufacturing processes, as well as defects in third-party components included in our products. Our instruments, reagents and consumables are complex, and identifying the root cause of quality issues, especially those affecting reagents or third-party components, is difficult. We may incur significant costs and expend substantial time in researching and remediating such issues. Quality issues could also delay our launching or manufacturing of new products. In addition, quality issues, unapproved uses of our products, or inadequate disclosure of risks related to our products, could result in product recalls or product liability or other claims being brought against us. These issues could harm our reputation, impair our relationship with existing customers and harm our ability to attract new customers, which could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Lack of key personnel could hurt our business.
Our products are very technical in nature. In general, only highly qualified and well-trained scientists have the necessary skills to develop, market and sell our products, and many of our manufacturing positions require very specialized knowledge and skills. In addition, the global nature of our business also requires that we have sophisticated and experienced staff to comply with increasingly complex international laws and regulations. We face intense competition for these professionals from our competitors, customers, marketing partners and other companies throughout our industry. In particular, the job market in Northern California, where many of our employees are located, is very competitive. If we do not offer competitive compensation and benefits, we may fail to retain or attract a sufficient number of qualified personnel, which could impair our ability to properly run our business.
In some cases we rely on temporary personnel or consultants, and we may do so in the future. Such temporary personnel or consultants may lack the knowledge and/or specific skills necessary for our business, require time to train without benefiting us through extended employment and increase our costs. In addition, as noted above, our strategic initiatives, such as our internal restructuring and ERP implementation, may be burdensome and disruptive and lead to employee dissatisfaction and attrition.
A reduction or interruption in the supply of components and raw materials could adversely affect our manufacturing operations and related product sales.
The manufacture of many of our products requires the timely delivery of sufficient amounts of quality components and materials. We manufacture our products in numerous manufacturing facilities around the world. We acquire our components and materials from many suppliers in various countries. We work closely with our suppliers to ensure the continuity of supply but we cannot guarantee these efforts will always be successful. Further, while we seek to diversify our sources of components and materials, in certain instances we acquire components and materials from a sole supplier. In addition, due to the regulatory environment in which we operate, we may be unable to quickly establish additional or replacement sources for some components or materials. If our supply is reduced or interrupted or of poor quality, and we are unable to develop alternative sources for such supply, our ability to manufacture our products in a timely or cost-effective manner could be adversely affected, which would adversely affect our ability to sell our products.
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If our information technology systems are disrupted, or if we fail to successfully implement, manage and integrate our information technology and reporting systems, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
Our information technology (IT) systems are an integral part of our business, and a serious disruption of our IT systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We depend on our IT systems to process orders, manage inventory and collect accounts receivable. Our IT systems also allow us to efficiently purchase products from our suppliers and ship products to our customers on a timely basis, maintain cost-effective operations and provide customer service. We may experience disruption of our IT systems due to redundancy issues with our network servers. We cannot assure you that our contingency plans will allow us to operate at our current level of efficiency.
Our ability to implement our business plan in a rapidly evolving market requires effective planning, reporting and analytical processes. We expect that we will need to continue to improve and further integrate our IT systems, reporting systems and operating procedures by training and educating our employees with respect to these improvements and integrations on an ongoing basis in order to effectively run our business. We may suffer interruptions in service, loss of data or reduced functionality when we upgrade or change systems. If we fail to successfully manage and integrate our IT systems, reporting systems and operating procedures, it could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. See also our risk factors regarding our ERP implementation and data security above and events beyond our control below.
Natural disasters, terrorist attacks, acts of war or other events beyond our control may cause damage or disruption to us and our employees, facilities, information systems, security systems, vendors and customers, which could significantly impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have significant manufacturing and distribution facilities, including in the western United States, France, Switzerland, Germany and Singapore. In particular, the western United States has experienced a number of earthquakes, wildfires, floods, landslides and other natural disasters in recent years. These occurrences could damage or destroy our facilities which may result in interruptions to our business and losses that exceed our insurance coverage. In addition, strikes or other labor unrest at any of our sites or surrounding areas could cause disruption to our business.
Acts of terrorism, bioterrorism, violence or war could also affect the markets in which we operate, our business operations and strategic plans. Political unrest may affect our sales in certain regions, such as in Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Any of these events could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may have higher than anticipated tax liabilities.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions. We report our results of operations based on our determination of the amount of taxes owed in various tax jurisdictions in which we operate. The determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities requires estimation, judgment and calculations where the ultimate tax determination may not be certain. Our determination of tax liability is always subject to review or examination by tax authorities in various tax jurisdictions. Tax authorities have disagreed with our judgment in the past and may disagree with positions we take in the future resulting in assessments of additional taxes. Any adverse outcome of such review or examination could have a negative impact on our operating results and financial condition.
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Economic and political pressures to increase tax revenues in various jurisdictions may make resolving tax disputes more difficult. For example, in recent years, the tax authorities in Europe have disagreed with our tax positions related to hybrid debt, research and development credits, transfer pricing and indirect taxes, among others. We regularly assess the likelihood of the outcome resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals.
The results from various tax examinations, audits and litigation may differ from the liabilities recorded in our financial statements and could materially and adversely affect our financial results and cash flows in the period or periods for which that determination is made.
Changes in tax laws or rates, changes in the interpretation of tax laws or changes in the jurisdictional mix of our earnings could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act made a number of substantial changes, including the imposition of a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation tax on the 2017 unrepatriated earnings accumulated offshore since 1986, the establishment of global minimum income tax and base erosion tax provisions related to offshore activities and affiliated party payments, and the reduction of the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% for U.S. taxable income, resulting in a one-time remeasurement of deferred taxes to reflect their value at a lower tax rate of 21%. These changes to U.S. tax laws will significantly impact how U.S. multinational corporations are taxed on foreign earnings.
The U.S Treasury, Internal Revenue Service and other standard setting bodies are continuing to issue guidance and interpretation relating to the Tax Act. As future guidance is issued, we may make adjustments to amounts previously reported that could materially impact our financial statements.
Our global operations subject us to income and other taxes in the U.S. and in numerous foreign jurisdictions, each with different tax schemes and tax rates. In addition to the changes in tax laws and the interpretation of tax laws and tax rates in these jurisdictions, the jurisdictional mix of our earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates can have a significant impact on our effective tax rate from period to period.
The tax effect of our investment in Sartorius AG and the jurisdictional mix of our earnings could continue to materially affect our financial results and cash flow.
In addition, the adoption of some or all of the recommendations set forth in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s project on “Base Erosion and Profit Shifting” (BEPS) by tax authorities in the countries in which we operate, could negatively impact our effective tax rate. These recommendations focus on payments from affiliates in high tax jurisdictions to affiliates in lower tax jurisdictions and the activities that give rise to a taxable presence in a particular country.
Our reported financial results may be materially affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.
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For example, in January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. (ASU) 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." Amendments under ASU 2016-01, among other items, require that all equity investments in unconsolidated entities (other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting), such as our investment in Sartorius AG, will be measured at fair value through earnings. The impact of adoption of ASU 2016-01 in the first quarter of 2018 materially impacted our Consolidated Statement of Income due to our investment in Sartorius AG. In future periods, changes in the market value of our investment in Sartorius AG may continue to materially impact our Consolidated Statement of Income.
Also for example, in February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases," which will require, among other items, lease accounting to recognize most leases as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. We will adopt ASU 2016-02 on a modified retrospective basis effective January 1, 2019 with practical expedients. Where we act as a lessee, the adoption of the standard will result in material additions to the balance sheet for right-of-use assets and the associated liabilities. Where we act as a lessor in reagent rental arrangements, we estimate an insignificant impact to our consolidated financial statements.
We may incur losses in future periods due to write-downs in the value of financial instruments.
We have positions in a variety of financial instruments including asset backed securities and other similar instruments. Financial markets are volatile and the markets for these securities can be illiquid. The value of these securities will continue to be impacted by external market factors including default rates, changes in the value of the underlying property, such as residential or commercial real estate, rating agency actions, the prices at which observable market transactions occur and the financial strength of various entities, such as financial guarantors who provide insurance for the securities. Should we need to convert these positions to cash, we may not be able to sell these instruments without significant losses due to current debtor financial conditions or other market considerations.
We also have positions in equity securities, including our investment in Sartorius AG. Financial markets are volatile and the markets for these equity securities can be illiquid as well. A decline in the market value of our investment in Sartorius AG or in the market value of the other equity securities that we own could result in significant losses due to write-downs in the value of the equity securities. In addition, if we need to convert these positions to cash, we may not be able to sell these equity securities without significant losses.
Environmental, health and safety regulations and enforcement proceedings may negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our operations are subject to federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations that govern such activities as transportation of goods, emissions to air and discharges to water, as well as handling and disposal practices for solid, hazardous and medical wastes. In addition to environmental laws that regulate our operations, we are also subject to environmental laws and regulations that create liability and clean-up responsibility for spills, disposals or other releases of hazardous substances into the environment as a result of our operations or otherwise impacting real property that we own or operate. The environmental laws and regulations also subject us to claims by third parties for damages resulting from any spills, disposals or releases resulting from our operations or at any of our properties. We must also comply with various health and safety regulations in the United States and abroad in connection with our operations.
We may in the future incur capital and operating costs to comply with currently existing laws and regulations, and possible new statutory enactments, and these expenditures may be significant. We have incurred, and may in the future incur, fines related to environmental matters and/or liability for costs or damages related to spills or other releases of hazardous substances into the environment at sites where we have operated, or at off-site locations where we have sent hazardous substances for disposal. We cannot assure you, however, that such matters or any future obligations to comply with environmental or health and safety laws and regulations will not adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
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Our debt may restrict our future operations.
We have substantial debt and have the ability to incur additional debt. As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately $439.4 million of outstanding indebtedness. In addition, we have a revolving credit facility that provides for up to $200.0 million, $0.2 million of which has been utilized for domestic standby letters of credit. Our incurrence of substantial amounts of debt may have important consequences. For instance, it could:
• | make it more difficult for us to satisfy our financial obligations, including those relating to our outstanding debt; |
• | require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the payment of interest and principal due under our debt, which will reduce funds available for other business purposes; |
• | increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; |
• | limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we operate; |
• | place us at a competitive disadvantage compared with some of our competitors that have less debt; and |
• | limit our ability to obtain additional financing required to fund working capital and capital expenditures and for other general corporate purposes. |
Our existing credit facility and the terms of our other debt instruments, including agreements we may enter in the future, contain or will contain covenants imposing significant restrictions on our business. These restrictions may affect our ability to operate our business and may limit our ability to take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise. These covenants place restrictions on our ability to, among other things: incur additional debt; acquire other businesses or assets through merger or purchase; create liens; make investments; enter into transactions with affiliates; sell assets; in the case of some of our subsidiaries, guarantee debt; and declare or pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions to stockholders. Our existing credit facility also requires that we comply with certain financial ratios, including a maximum consolidated leverage ratio test and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio test.
Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. The breach of any of these restrictions could result in a default. An event of default under our debt agreements would permit some of our lenders to declare all amounts borrowed from them to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, acceleration of our other indebtedness may cause us to be unable to make interest payments on our outstanding notes and repay the principal amount of our outstanding notes or may cause the future subsidiary guarantors, if any, to be unable to make payments under the guarantees.
We are subject to healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations and could face substantial penalties if we are unable to fully comply with such laws.
We are subject to healthcare fraud and abuse regulation and enforcement by both the U.S. federal government and the U.S. states and foreign governments in which we conduct our business. These healthcare laws and regulations include, for example:
• | the U.S. federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons or entities from soliciting, receiving, offering or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in return for or to induce either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase order or recommendation of, any item or services for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs; |
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• | U.S. federal false claims laws, which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other third-party payors that are false or fraudulent. In addition, the U.S. federal government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the false claims statutes; |
• | the U.S. Physician Payment Sunshine Act, which requires certain manufacturers of drugs, biologics, devices and medical supplies to record any transfers of value to U.S. physicians and U.S. teaching hospitals; |
• | the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("HIPAA"), as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, which governs the conduct of certain electronic healthcare transactions and protects the security and privacy of protected health information; and |
• | state or foreign law equivalents of each of the U.S. federal laws above, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws, which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers. |
These laws will continue to impose administrative, cost and compliance burdens on us. The shifting compliance environment and the need to build and maintain robust systems to comply with multiple jurisdictions with different compliance and/or reporting requirements increases the possibility that a healthcare company may violate one or more of these requirements. In addition, any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Regulations related to “conflict minerals” could adversely impact our business.
As part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the SEC adopted disclosure requirements regarding the use of certain minerals, known as conflict minerals, which are mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and adjoining countries, as well as procedures regarding a manufacturer's efforts to identify the sourcing of such minerals and metals produced from those minerals. In March and April 2017, the European Parliament and the European Council formally approved a conflict minerals regulation, and the requirements will become effective starting in January 2021. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, additional costs in order to comply with the SEC’s disclosure requirements. In addition, we might incur further costs due to possible changes to our products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of our due diligence activities. As our supply chain is complex, we may not be able to sufficiently verify the origins of the specified minerals used in our products through our due diligence procedures, which may harm our reputation. In addition, we may encounter challenges to satisfy those customers who require that all of the components of our products be certified as “DRC conflict free”, which could place us at a competitive disadvantage if we do not do so. We filed our report for the calendar year 2017 with the SEC on May 4, 2018.
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Risks related to our common stock
A significant majority of our voting stock is held by the Schwartz family, which could lead to conflicts of interest.
We have two classes of voting stock: Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock. With a few exceptions, holders of Class A and Class B Common Stock vote as a single class. When voting as a single class, each share of Class A Common Stock is entitled to one-tenth of a vote, while each share of Class B Common Stock has one vote. In the election or removal of directors, the classes vote separately and the holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to elect 25% of the Board of Directors, with holders of Class B Common Stock electing the remaining directors.
As a result of the Schwartz family's ownership of our Class A and Class B Common Stock, they are able to elect a majority of our directors, effect fundamental changes in our direction and control matters affecting us, including the determination of business opportunities that may be suitable for our company. The Schwartz family may exercise its control over us according to interests that are different from other investors’ or debtors’ interests. In particular, this concentration of ownership and voting power may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None. |
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES |
We own our corporate headquarters located in Hercules, California. The principal manufacturing and research locations for each segment are as follows:
Segment | Location | Owned/Leased |
Life Science | Greater San Francisco Bay Area, California | Owned/Leased |
Singapore, Singapore | Leased | |
Oxford, England | Leased | |
Clinical | ||
Diagnostics | Greater San Francisco Bay Area, California | Owned/Leased |
Irvine, California | Leased | |
Greater Seattle Area, Washington | Leased | |
Lille, France | Owned | |
Greater Paris Area, France | Leased | |
Nazareth-Eke, Belgium | Leased | |
Cressier, Switzerland | Owned/Leased | |
Dreieich, Germany | Owned/Leased | |
Most manufacturing and research facilities also house administration, sales and distribution activities. In addition, we lease office and warehouse facilities in a variety of locations around the world. The facilities are used principally for sales, service, distribution and administration for both segments.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
On May 27, 2015, our former general counsel, Sanford S. Wadler, filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, against us and four of our then current directors and one former director. The plaintiff’s suit alleged whistleblower retaliation in violation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Act for raising FCPA-related concerns. Mr. Wadler also alleged wrongful termination in violation of public policy, non-payment of wages and waiting time penalties in violation of the California Labor Code. The plaintiff sought back pay, compensatory damages for lost wages, earnings, retirement benefits and other employee benefits, compensation for mental pain and anguish and emotional distress, waiting time penalties, punitive damages, litigation costs (including attorneys’ fees) and reinstatement of employment. On July 28, 2015, we filed a motion to dismiss the plaintiff's complaint and specifically requested dismissal of the claims alleged against us under the Dodd-Frank Act and California Labor Code 1102.5 and the claims against the directors under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Act. On October 23, 2015, the District Court granted our motion with respect to the alleged violations of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act against all the director defendants except Norman Schwartz with prejudice. The Court denied our motion to dismiss the claims under the Dodd-Frank Act as against both us and the director defendants. The trial commenced on January 17, 2017 and concluded on February 6, 2017. Mr. Wadler was awarded $10.92 million, plus prejudgment interest of $141,608, post-judgment interest, and Mr. Wadler’s litigation costs, expert witness fees, and reasonable attorneys’ fees as approved by the Court. We have provided for the judgment, interest and Mr. Wadler's litigation costs. On June 6, 2017, we filed a notice of appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Oral arguments occurred on November 14, 2018. On February 26, 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued its decision, reversing in part,
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vacating in part, and affirming in part. Specifically, the court: (1) reversed the Dodd-Frank claim, which amounts to about $2.96 million plus interest, and directed the district court to enter judgment in Bio-Rad’s favor on that claim; (2) vacated the SOX claim due to instructional error and remanded for further proceedings, including whether a new trial is needed; and (3) affirmed the California public policy claim and the $7.96 million in damages attributable to it. On March 12, 2019 we filed a petition for panel rehearing or rehearing en banc with the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
We are also party to various other claims, legal actions and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. We cannot at this time reasonably estimate a range of exposure, if any, of the potential liability with respect to these matters. While we do not believe, at this time, that any ultimate liability resulting from any of these other matters will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or liquidity, we cannot give any assurance regarding the ultimate outcome of these other matters and their resolution could be material to our operating results for any particular period, depending on the level of income for the period.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES |
Not applicable.
PART II.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Information Concerning Common Stock
Bio-Rad’s Class A and Class B Common Stock are listed on the New York Stock Exchange with the ticker symbols BIO and BIO.B, respectively.
On March 26, 2019, we had 233 holders of record of Class A Common Stock and 111 holders of record of Class B Common Stock. Bio-Rad has never paid a cash dividend and has no present plans to pay cash dividends.
In November, 2017, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program, granting Bio-Rad authority to repurchase, on a discretionary basis, up to $250.0 million of outstanding shares of our common stock. Repurchases may be made at management's discretion from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. This new authorization superseded the prior authorization of up to $18.0 million of Bio-Rad's common stock and has no expiration.
The following table contains information on the shares of our common stock that we purchased or otherwise acquired during the three months ended December 31, 2018, as required by the Securities and Exchange Commission rules. These were the only repurchases of our shares during 2018.
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Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions) | ||||||||
October 1 to October 31, 2018 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 250.0 | ||||||
November 1 to November 30, 2018 | 178,911 | Class A | $ | 273.39 | 178,911 | Class A | $ | 201.1 | ||||
December 1 to December 31, 2018 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 201.1 | ||||||
See Item 12 of Part III of this report for the security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and for securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans.
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative stockholder returns over the past five years for our Class A Common Stock, the S&P 400 MidCap Index and a selected peer group, assuming $100 invested on December 31, 2013, and reinvestment of dividends if paid:
(1) The Peer Group consists of the following public companies: Danaher, Becton Dickinson, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Meridian Bioscience and PerkinElmer. Companies in our peer group reflect our participation in two different markets: life science research products and clinical diagnostics. No single public or private company has a comparable mix of products which serve the same markets. In many cases, only one division of a peer-group company competes in the same market as we do. Collectively, however, our peer group reflects products and markets similar to those of Bio-Rad.
This stock performance graph shall not be deemed incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under these Acts.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Selected Financial Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 2,289,415 | $ | 2,160,153 | $ | 2,068,172 | $ | 2,019,441 | $ | 2,175,044 | ||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | 1,066,264 | 972,450 | 929,744 | 897,771 | 996,527 | |||||||||||||||
Gross profit | 1,223,151 | 1,187,703 | 1,138,428 | 1,121,670 | 1,178,517 | |||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expense | 834,783 | 806,790 | 814,697 | 761,990 | 808,200 | |||||||||||||||
Research and development expense | 199,196 | 250,157 | 205,708 | 192,972 | 220,333 | |||||||||||||||
Impairment losses on goodwill and long-lived assets | 292,513 | 11,506 | 62,305 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 23,962 | 23,014 | 23,380 | 21,692 | 22,131 | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency exchange losses, net | 2,861 | 9,128 | 4,542 | 10,249 | 9,305 | |||||||||||||||
Change in fair market value of equity securities | (606,230 | ) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | (36,593 | ) | (10,697 | ) | (13,764 | ) | (11,080 | ) | (13,009 | ) | ||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 512,659 | 97,805 | 41,560 | 145,847 | 131,557 | |||||||||||||||
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes | (147,045 | ) | 24,444 | (15,560 | ) | (36,608 | ) | (42,712 | ) | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 365,614 | $ | 122,249 | $ | 26,000 | $ | 109,239 | $ | 88,845 | ||||||||||
Basic earnings per share | $ | 12.25 | $ | 4.12 | $ | 0.88 | $ | 3.74 | $ | 3.08 | ||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 12.10 | $ | 4.07 | $ | 0.88 | $ | 3.71 | $ | 3.05 | ||||||||||
Cash dividends paid per common share | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 5,611,068 | $ | 4,273,012 | $ | 3,850,504 | $ | 3,709,718 | $ | 3,341,278 | ||||||||||
Long-term debt, net of current maturities | $ | 438,937 | $ | 434,581 | $ | 434,186 | $ | 433,883 | $ | 435,710 | ||||||||||
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This discussion should be read in conjunction with the information contained in our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes which are an integral part of the statements.
Overview. We are a multinational manufacturer and worldwide distributor of our own life science research and clinical diagnostics products. Our business is organized into two primary segments, Life Science and Clinical Diagnostics, with the mission to provide scientists with specialized tools needed for biological research and clinical diagnostics.
We sell more than 9,000 products and services to a diverse client base comprised of scientific research, healthcare, education and government customers worldwide. We do not disclose quantitative information about our different products and services as it is impractical to do so based primarily on the numerous products and services that we sell and the global markets that we serve.
We manufacture and supply our customers with a range of reagents, apparatus and equipment to separate complex chemical and biological materials and to identify, analyze and purify components. Because our customers require standardization for their experiments and test results, much of our revenues are recurring.
We are impacted by the support of many governments for both research and healthcare. The current global economic outlook is still uncertain as the need to control government social spending by many governments limits opportunities for growth. Adding to this uncertainty was the referendum in the United Kingdom to withdraw from the European Union, and a change in the U.S. executive branch of government. Approximately 38% of our 2018 consolidated net sales are derived from the United States and approximately 62% are derived from international locations, with Europe being our largest international region. The international sales are largely denominated in local currencies such as the Euro, Swiss Franc, Japanese Yen, Chinese Yuan and British Sterling. As a result, our consolidated net sales expressed in dollars benefit when the U.S. dollar weakens and suffer when the dollar strengthens. When the U.S. dollar strengthens, we benefit from lower cost of sales from our own international manufacturing sites as well as non-U.S. suppliers, and from lower international operating expenses. We regularly discuss our changes in revenue and expense categories in terms of both changing foreign exchange rates and in terms of a currency neutral basis, if notable, to explain the impact currency has on our results.
Impairment losses on goodwill and long-lived assets
In 2018, we impaired goodwill associated with our 1999 acquisition of Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A., 2007 through 2012 acquisitions of DiaMed Holding AG, DiaMed Fennica Oy, DiaMed (G.B.) Limited, and DiaMed Benelux (collectively DiaMed), 2010 acquisition of Biotest AG, and 2013 acquisition of AbD Serotec in the amounts of $18.1 million, $247.2 million, $10.8 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Goodwill for DiaMed, Biotest AG and AbD Serotec was fully impaired at December 31, 2018.
In 2018, we impaired developed product technology and fully impaired covenants not to compete in the amounts of $8.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively, associated with our 2012 acquisition of a cell sorting system from Propel Labs, Inc.
In 2017, we impaired goodwill associated with our 1999 acquisition of Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A. and with our 2013 acquisition of AbD Serotec in the amounts of $2.8 million and $8.7 million, respectively.
In 2016, we fully impaired goodwill and in-process research and development in the amounts of $13.5 million and $46.4 million, respectively, associated with the 2014 acquisition of GnuBIO, Inc. Also in 2016, we impaired an intellectual property license associated with a research and development project for $2.4 million.
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Restructuring Costs for Termination of a Diagnostics Research and Development Project and Facility Closures
In December 2018, we announced the closure of a small manufacturing facility outside Paris, France. We recorded restructuring charges related to severance and employee benefits of $3.9 million and exit costs of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.
In June 2018, we announced the closure of a small manufacturing operation in Munich, Germany. We recorded $1.7 million of expense in restructuring charges related to severance and employee benefits for the year ended December 31, 2018.
In December 2017, we announced the termination of a diagnostics research and development project in Europe. We recorded restructuring charges and adjustments related to severance and employee benefits of $0.4 million and $11.0 million, and asset write-offs and exit costs of $(0.1) million and $10.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Restructuring charges for the termination of a diagnostics research and development project and the facility closures are all included in our Clinical Diagnostics segment's results of operations. The facility closures are a natural evolution from the larger consolidations that began with the 2016 European reorganization activities described below. The amounts recorded were reflected in Cost of goods sold of $5.4 million and $2.3 million, in Selling, general and administrative expense of $0.4 million and $3.3 million, and in Research and development expense of $0.3 million and $15.5 million in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The liability of $11.5 million as of December 31, 2018 consisted of $7.3 million recorded in Accrued payroll and employee benefits, and $4.2 million recorded in Other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Restructuring Costs for GnuBIO, Inc.
In September 2017, we announced that we were closing the GnuBIO research program facilities in Massachusetts. We recorded restructuring charges in September 2017 related to severance and employee benefits of $2.9 million and asset write-offs of $5.5 million. The amounts recorded were reflected in Selling, general and administrative expense of $0.8 million and in Research and development expense of $7.6 million in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2017. The liability balance as of December 31, 2017 was $1.4 million and was recorded in Accrued payroll and employee benefits in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The liability was paid in early 2018.
Restructuring Costs for European Reorganization
In May 2016, we announced that we would take certain actions in our Europe geographic region designed to better align expenses to our revenue and gross margin profile and position us for improved operating performance. These actions, aligned with creation and evolution of our organization structure and coordinated with the implementation of our global single instance enterprise resource planning ("ERP") platform, are expected to be incurred through 2019. We recorded approximately $(0.2) million, $0.5 million and $12.5 million in restructuring charges and adjustments related to severance and other employee benefits for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. From May 2016 to December 31, 2018, total expenses were $12.8 million. The liability of $1.6 million as of December 31, 2018 was recorded in Accrued payroll and employee benefits in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amounts recorded were reflected in Cost of goods sold of $(0.1) million, $(0.2) million and $2.1 million, and in Selling, general and administrative expense of $(0.1) million, $0.7 million and $10.4 million in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The amounts adjusted were primarily for additional positions identified for elimination, partially offset by employees finding other positions within Bio-Rad or leaving prematurely.
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Acquisition of RainDance Technologies, Inc.
In February 2017, we acquired all the issued and outstanding stock of RainDance Technologies, Inc. (RainDance) for approximately $72.7 million. Cash payments at closing were $72.9 million. In addition, we had a cash payment of $10.0 million for a preexisting condition concurrent with the acquisition that was recorded in Cost of goods sold. The acquisition was included in our Life Science segment’s results of operations from the acquisition date and was accounted for as a business combination. RainDance's foundational intellectual property portfolio and product lines encompass a wide range of biological reactions in droplets, with potential applications in life science research and clinical research. These genomic tools provide ultra-sensitive detection of genetic variations in cancer as well as inherited and infectious diseases, enabling research in areas such as non-invasive liquid biopsy. We believe that RainDance's droplet-based solutions will extend our reach into next-generation sequencing applications and strengthen our position in the area of Droplet Digital™ PCR, offering customers solutions for a wide range of nucleic acid detection applications.
The final allocation for the payments of $72.9 million was $37.6 million to definite-lived intangibles, $0.2 million to acquired net assets, $26.2 million to goodwill, a deferred tax liability of $13.6 million primarily related to the purchased intangibles and a deferred tax asset of $22.5 million primarily related to the acquired net operating losses.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The accompanying discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and contingencies as of the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We evaluate our estimates on an on-going basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. However, future events may cause us to change our assumptions and estimates, which may require adjustment. Actual results could differ from these estimates. We have determined that for the periods reported in this Annual Report on Form 10-K the following accounting policies and estimates are critical in understanding our financial condition and results of operations.
Accounting for Income Taxes. Management is required to make estimates related to our income tax provision in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our current tax exposures, as well as making judgments regarding the recoverability of deferred tax assets in each jurisdiction. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax effects of losses, credits, and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Management assesses the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent management believes that recovery is not likely, a valuation allowance must be established. To the extent management establishes a valuation allowance or increases this allowance in a period, an increase to expense within the Provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Income may result.
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded a valuation allowance of $70.8 million and $66.4 million, respectively, due to uncertainties related to our ability to utilize some of the deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain foreign net operating losses carried forward and certain state research and development credits. The valuation allowance is based on management’s current estimates of taxable income for the jurisdictions in which we operate and the period over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, or these estimates are adjusted in future periods, an additional valuation allowance may need to be established, which would increase the tax provision, lowering income and impacting our financial position.
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Should realization of these deferred tax assets for which a valuation allowance has been provided occur, the provision for income taxes may decrease, raising income and positively impacting Bio-Rad’s financial position.
We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements on a particular tax position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted as appropriate for changes in facts and circumstances, such as significant amendments to existing tax law, new regulations or interpretations by the taxing authorities, new information obtained during a tax examination, or resolution of an examination. We recognize both accrued interest and penalties, where appropriate, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Our overall effective tax rate is subject to fluctuations because of changes in the geographic mix of earnings, changes to statutory tax rates and tax laws, and because of the impact of various tax audits and assessments, as well as generation of tax credits.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted comprehensive tax legislation (the “Tax Act”). The new legislation contains significant tax provisions that affect us, including a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation tax on certain unrepatriated foreign earnings ("Transition Tax"), a reduction of the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, and a change from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial system.
We are required to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment, such as the computation of the Transition Tax, remeasurement of our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, as well as reassessment of the net realizability of our deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Subsequent to the enactment of the Tax Act, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("SAB 118"), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740, "Income Taxes." We have completed the accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act, under SAB 118, as of December 31, 2018. As noted in our 2017 Annual Report, we were able to make reasonable estimates and provisionally recorded an income tax benefit of $70 million related to the Transition Tax and remeasurement of our U.S. federal deferred tax assets and liabilities. The final accounting for the Tax Act resulted in an additional income tax benefit of $49 million for a final income tax benefit of $119 million. This is comprised of $169 million tax benefit related to the remeasurement of U.S. federal deferred tax assets and liabilities, offset by $50 million tax detriment for the Transition Tax. We elected to account for the tax effect of the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) in the period in which it is incurred.
Valuation of Business Acquisitions, Goodwill and Long-lived Assets. Upon the consummation of a business combination, we use multiple analyses to determine the fair market value of the consideration of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Once the fair market value of the acquired business is determined, any residual value between fair market value and the consideration is defined as goodwill.
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses, which could include contingent consideration. Contingent consideration is an obligation of the acquirer to transfer additional assets or equity interest to the former owners of an acquiree as part of the exchange for control of the acquiree if specified future events occur or conditions are met. Contingent consideration is reported at fair value each reporting period until the contingency is resolved. Any changes in fair value are recognized in earnings, which could become volatile over time depending on the facts and circumstances.
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Goodwill amounts are assigned to reporting units at the time of acquisition and are adjusted for any subsequent significant transfers of business between reporting units. We assess the impairment of goodwill annually in the fourth quarter or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We perform the impairment tests of goodwill at our reporting unit level, which is one level below our operating segments. On January 1, 2017, we adopted Accounting Standards Update 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," in which a goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.
We use a projected discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of a reporting unit. This discounted cash flow method for determining goodwill may be different from the fair value that would result from an actual transaction between a willing buyer and a willing seller. Projections such as discounted cash flow models are inherently uncertain and accordingly, actual future cash flows may differ materially from projected cash flows. Management judgment is required in developing the assumptions for the discounted cash flow model. These assumptions include revenue growth rates, profit margins, future capital expenditures, working capital needs, expected foreign currency rates, discount rates and terminal values. We estimate future cash flows using current and longer-term financial forecasts. These forecasts take into account the current economic environment. The discount rates used are compiled using independent sources, current trends in similar businesses and other observable market data. Changes to these rates might result in material changes in the valuation and determination of the recoverability of goodwill. For example, an increase in the discount rate used to discount cash flows will decrease the computed fair value.
Impairment tests are highly sensitive to changes in assumptions and minor changes to assumptions could result in impairment losses. Our forecasts utilized in our 2018 impairment test assumed, among other things, sales growth from executing our sales and marketing programs, new product introductions, successful product development and timely registration of our products when required, while controlling costs to manufacture and service our equipment at the customer site. In addition, external factors, such as competitive pricing in the market, currency, inflation rates, cost of capital, and forecasted tax rates could affect the determination of fair value of our reporting units. Aside from our Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A., DiaMed Holding AG, Biotest AG, and AbD Serotec reporting units, which reflected a carrying value that exceeded its fair value, our impairment tests resulted in excessive fair value over book value ranging from 13% to more than 400% for our various reporting units. One reporting unit, which consists of our 2001 acquisition of Helix Inc., had excess fair value over book value of only 13% at December 31, 2018. Goodwill in the amount of $1.4 million is allocated to this reporting unit at December 31, 2018. If the initiatives mentioned above do not achieve the desired results, or external factors change detrimentally, future impairment losses may occur.
To validate the reasonableness of the reporting unit fair values, we reconcile the aggregate fair values of the reporting units to the enterprise market capitalization. In performing the reconciliation we may, depending on the volatility of the market value of our stock price, use either the stock price on the valuation date or the average stock price over a range of dates around the valuation date.
For purposes of recognition and measurement of an impairment loss, a long-lived asset or assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We assess the impairment of long-lived assets (including identifiable intangibles) whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In addition to the required quantitative review, we also review quarterly qualitative factors that we consider important, which could trigger an impairment review and include:
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• | significant reporting unit under-performance relative to expected, historical or projected future operating results; |
• | significant changes in the manner of use of the long-lived assets, intangible assets or the strategy for our overall business; |
• | a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of before the end of its previously estimated useful life; and |
• | significant negative industry, legal, regulatory or economic trends. |
When management determines that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, we test for any impairment based on a projected undiscounted cash flow method. Projected future operating results and cash flows of the asset or asset group are used to establish the fair value used in evaluating the carrying value of long-lived and intangible assets. We estimate the future cash flows of the long-lived assets using current and long-term financial forecasts. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If this is the case, an impairment loss would be recognized. The impairment loss recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value.
In 2018, we impaired goodwill associated with our 1999 acquisition of Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A., 2007 through 2012 acquisitions of DiaMed Holding AG, DiaMed Fennica Oy, DiaMed (G.B.) Limited, and DiaMed Benelux (collectively DiaMed), 2010 acquisition of Biotest AG, and 2013 acquisition of AbD Serotec in the amounts of $18.1 million, $247.2 million, $10.8 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Goodwill for DiaMed, Biotest AG and AbD Serotec was fully impaired at December 31, 2018. In 2018, we impaired developed product technology and fully impaired covenants not to compete in the amounts of $8.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively, associated with our 2012 acquisition of a cell sorting system from Propel Labs, Inc.
In 2017, we impaired goodwill associated with our 1999 acquisition of Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A. and with our 2013 acquisition of AbD Serotec in the amounts of $2.8 million and $8.7 million, respectively.
In 2016, we fully impaired goodwill and in-process research and development in the amounts of $13.5 million and $46.4 million, respectively, associated with our 2014 acquisition of GnuBIO, Inc.
All the impairments above were based upon a revision of our Level 3 valuation inputs, i.e., expected future cash flows.
Also in 2016, we impaired intellectual property in the amount of $2.4 million associated with the termination of a research and development project.
Valuation of Inventories. We value inventory at the lower of the actual cost to purchase and/or manufacture the inventory, or the current estimated net realizable value of the inventory. We review inventory quantities on hand and reduce the cost basis of excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on an estimated forecast of product demand, production requirements and the quality, efficacy and potency of raw materials. This review is done on a quarterly basis or, if warranted by the circumstances, more frequently. In addition, our industry is characterized by technological change, frequent new product development and product obsolescence that could result in an increase in the amount of obsolete inventory quantities on hand. Our estimates of future product demand may prove to be inaccurate, and if too high, we may have overstated the carrying value of our inventory. In the future, if inventory is determined to be overvalued, we would be required to write down the value of inventory to market and recognize such costs in our cost of goods sold at the time of such determination. Therefore, although we make efforts to ensure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product demand and perform procedures to safeguard overall inventory quality, any significant unanticipated changes in demand, technological developments, regulations, storage conditions, or other economic or environmental factors affecting biological materials, could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and reported results of operations.
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Results of Operations - Sales, Gross Margins and Expenses
The following shows cost of goods sold, gross profit, expense items and net income as a percentage of net sales:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2018 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||
Cost of goods sold | 46.6 | 45.0 | 45.0 | ||||||
Gross profit | 53.4 | 55.0 | 55.0 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative expense | 36.5 | 37.3 | 39.4 | ||||||
Research and development expense | 8.7 | 11.6 | 9.9 | ||||||
Net income | 16.0 | 5.7 | 1.3 | ||||||
Net sales
Net sales (sales) in 2018 were $2.29 billion, an increase of 6.0% compared to $2.16 billion in 2017. Excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, 2018 sales increased by approximately 5.0% compared to 2017. Currency neutral sales increased in all regions, with a slight increase in Europe. On January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018 (see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements). The impact to revenue as a result of applying ASC 606 for 2018 was not significant.
The Life Science segment sales in 2018 were $861.7 million, an increase of 9.7% compared to 2017. On a currency neutral basis, sales increased 8.9% compared to 2017. The currency neutral sales increase was primarily in our Droplet Digital™ PCR, process chromatography, Real Time amplification systems, food science, cell biology, and antibody businesses. The currency neutral sales increase was primarily reflected in North America, Europe, Brazil within Latin America, and all countries within Asia Pacific except Japan.
The Clinical Diagnostics segment sales in 2018 were $1.41 billion, an increase of 3.7% compared to 2017. On a currency neutral basis, sales increased 2.6% compared to 2017. The currency neutral sales increase was primarily attributable to growth across quality control, immunology, blood typing product lines, including the resolution of a claim relating to a licensed patent of $6.0 million in the first quarter of 2018. On a geographic view, currency neutral sales for the year were up in the Americas and Asia Pacific, partially offset by decreased sales in Europe primarily due to pricing pressure on product renewals, loss of a few customers and timing on several Middle Eastern customer orders.
Net sales (sales) in 2017 were $2.16 billion, an increase of 4.4% compared to $2.07 billion in 2016. Excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, 2017 sales increased by approximately 3.5% compared to 2016. Currency neutral sales growth was reflected in most regions.
The Life Science segment sales in 2017 were $785.2 million, an increase of 7.5% compared to 2016. On a currency neutral basis, sales increased 6.8% compared to 2016. The currency neutral sales increase was primarily driven by growth in our Droplet Digital™ PCR and gene expression product lines, in addition to sales from our acquisition of RainDance in 2017. The currency neutral sales increase was primarily reflected in all regions except Latin America mostly due to government imposed spend control.
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The Clinical Diagnostics segment sales in 2017 were $1.36 billion, an increase of 2.8% compared to 2016. On a currency neutral basis, sales increased 1.6% compared to 2016. The currency neutral sales increase was primarily attributable to growth across quality control, immunohematology, diabetes and immunology, partially offset by lower sales in infectious disease. On a geographic view, the currency neutral sales increases for 2017 were primarily reflected in Asia Pacific, excluding Japan, and Latin America, partially offset by lower sales in North America and Japan.
Gross margin
Consolidated gross margins were 53.4% in 2018 compared to 55.0% in 2017. Life Science segment gross margins in 2018 increased when compared to 2017 by approximately 1.2 percentage points primarily due to a $10.0 million one-time expense associated with the RainDance acquisition in 2017 and lower intangible amortization within digital biology that was partially offset by an increase for royalty amortization within gene expression. In addition in 2017, gross margins were impacted by legal matters that reduced 2017 cost of goods sold by approximately $10.4 million. Clinical Diagnostics segment gross margins in 2018 decreased by approximately 2.9 percentage points compared to 2017 and were primarily driven by product mix and competitive pricing pressures, impacting particularly equipment that consumes reagents for diagnostic testing. Other factors were $18.6 million of higher costs for excess and expired inventory and on-site service, as well as $5.4 million of expenses associated with the closing of a small manufacturing operation in Munich, Germany and a small manufacturing facility outside Paris, France. The decrease in gross margins was partially offset by $6.0M of royalties generated by a license resolution on a patent owned by Bio-Rad.
Consolidated gross margins were 55.0% in 2017 compared to 55.0% in 2016. Life Science segment gross margins in 2017 increased from 2016 by approximately 1.2 percentage points primarily due to higher margins in gene expression and digital biology businesses largely due to a decline in royalty expense for license agreements relating to amplification reagents. In addition, gross margins were impacted by legal matters that reduced cost of goods sold by approximately $10.4 million. These gross margin improvements were partially offset by $10.0 million for a preexisting condition and higher acquisition intangible amortization, both associated with the RainDance acquisition. Clinical Diagnostics segment gross margins in 2017 decreased by approximately 0.8 percentage points compared to 2016 primarily due to lower margin sales and the termination of an infectious disease research and development project that effected cost of goods sold at a cost of $2.3 million in 2017, partially offset by lower amortization of intangibles, licenses fees and favorable manufacturing variances as compared to 2016.
Selling, general and administrative expense
Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) increased to $834.8 million or 36.5% of sales in 2018 compared to $806.8 million or 37.3% of sales in 2017. Increases to SG&A primarily were related to professional fees of $14.9 million primarily for legal matters to defend our intellectual property, a lower benefit from the reversal of contingent consideration of $11.9 million, normal increases in employee related expenses of $8.6 million (excluding restructuring costs) and increased bad debt that was occasioned by the failure of a certain distributor in the Middle East. These expenses were partially offset by lower restructuring costs in 2018 of approximately $8.5 million, and equipment savings of $2.0 million primarily due to lower information technology maintenance for hardware and software support.
Consolidated SG&A decreased to $806.8 million or 37.3% of sales in 2017 compared to $814.7 million or 39.4% of sales in 2016. Decreases to SG&A were primarily due to $21.0 million for various legal matters in 2016 that did not occur in 2017, including the Wadler judgment as discussed further in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements compared to a few legal matters in 2017 that reduced SG&A by approximately $0.7 million, $10.4 million of restructuring costs associated with the European reorganization announced in June 2016 (see Note 15) that did not occur in 2017 compared to the other restructuring costs in 2017 of approximately $8.5 million that are also in Note 15 in addition to a few other reduction in force activities, lower contingent consideration of $19.7 million, lower third party commissions of $2.5 million and other numerous net costs of $12.1 million. Increases to
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SG&A primarily included employee-related expenses (excluding restructuring costs) of $17.0 million, facilities of $12.2 million, software of $7.7 million, bad debt expense of $5.4 million, advertising of $3.5 million, other taxes of $3.3 million, travel of $3.0 million and purchase accounting amortization of $1.0 million. Some of these increased costs were associated with the transition that took place to a new European operating model supported by the European ERP implementation, the inclusion of RainDance, closure costs for the GnuBIO research program facilities, and the termination of an infectious disease research and development project that all occurred in 2017.
Research and development expense
Research and development expense decreased to $199.2 million or 8.7% of sales in 2018 compared to $250.2 million or 11.6% of sales in 2017. Life Science segment research and development expense decreased in 2018 from 2017 primarily due to lower development milestone expenses of $11.7 million, as well as the consolidation of the RainDance research and development. The decrease was partially offset by additional spending for new product development within the Droplet Digital business. Clinical Diagnostics segment research and development expense decreased in 2018 from 2017 as a result of reduced research and development activity.
Research and development expense increased to $250.2 million or 11.6% of sales in 2017 compared to $205.7 million or 9.9% of sales in 2016. Life Science segment research and development expense increased in 2017 from 2016 primarily due to higher milestone expenses of $5.5 million associated with the 2016 Propel platform acquisition, and increased project activities, which included our recent RainDance acquisition. Clinical Diagnostics segment research and development expense increased in 2017 from 2016 primarily driven by a termination of an infectious disease research and development project of $15.5 million (see Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements), an asset purchase for an early stage diagnostic device for $7.5 million, and closure costs of $7.6 million that included severance and the impairment of equipment and leasehold improvements for the GnuBIO research program, which all occurred in 2017, partially offset by lower spending due to the timing of projects.
Impairment losses on goodwill and long-lived assets
In 2018, we impaired goodwill associated with our 1999 acquisition of Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A., 2007 through 2012 acquisitions of DiaMed Holding AG, DiaMed Fennica Oy, DiaMed (G.B.) Limited, and DiaMed Benelux (collectively DiaMed), 2010 acquisition of Biotest AG, and 2013 acquisition of AbD Serotec in the amounts of $18.1 million, $247.2 million, $10.8 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Goodwill for DiaMed, Biotest AG and AbD Serotec was fully impaired at December 31, 2018. Impairments for the Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A., DiaMed and Biotest AG were included in our Clinical Diagnostics segment's results of operations, and the impairment for AbD Serotec was included in our Life Science segment's results of operations.
In 2018, we impaired developed product technology and fully impaired covenants not to compete in the amounts of $8.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively, associated with our 2012 acquisition of a cell sorting system from Propel Labs, Inc. These impairments were included in our Life Science segment's results of operations.
In 2017, we impaired goodwill associated with our 1999 acquisition of Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A. and with our 2013 acquisition of AbD Serotec in the amounts of $2.8 million and $8.7 million, respectively. Impairment for the Pasteur Sanofi Diagnostics S.A. was included in our Clinical Diagnostics segment's results of operations, and the impairment for AbD Serotec was included in our Life Science segment's results of operations.
In 2016, we fully impaired goodwill and in-process research and development in the amounts of $13.5 million and $46.4 million, respectively, associated with our 2014 acquisition of GnuBIO, Inc. Also in 2016, we impaired an intellectual property license associated with a research and development project for $2.4 million. These impairments were included in our Clinical Diagnostics segment's results of operations.
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Results of Operations – Non-operating
Interest expense
Interest expense in 2018 was $24.0 million, a slight increase compared to 2017 of $23.0 million.
Interest expense in 2017 was $23.0 million, a slight decrease from 2016 of $23.4 million.
Foreign currency exchange gains and losses
Foreign currency exchange gains and losses consist primarily of foreign currency transaction gains and losses on intercompany net receivables and payables and the change in fair value of our forward foreign exchange contracts used to manage our foreign currency exchange risk. Net foreign currency exchange losses for 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $2.9 million, $9.1 million and $4.5 million, respectively. The 2018, 2017 and 2016 net foreign currency exchange losses were attributable to market volatility, the result of the estimating process inherent in the timing of shipments and payments of intercompany debt, and the intercompany movement of assets and capital for the new European operating model in 2017, and the cost of hedging. All years are affected by the economic hedging program we employ to hedge our intercompany receivables and payables denominated in foreign currencies.
Change in fair market value of equity securities
Change in fair market value of equity securities of $606.2 million for 2018 compared to none for 2017 and 2016 was primarily due to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 (see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements) and mostly consisted of holding gains on our investment in Sartorius AG.
Other (income) expense, net
Other (income) expense, net includes investment and dividend income, generally interest income on our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and long term marketable securities. Other (income) expense, net in 2018 increased to $36.6 million of income compared to $10.7 million of income in 2017. Other income, net increased primarily due higher dividends of $14.0 million in 2018 compared to $10.9 million in 2017 from our investment in Sartorius AG, higher investment income of approximately $11.9 million, and a land sale of $4.1 million and a divestiture of a product line of $5.1 million that both occurred in the first quarter of 2018.
Other (income) expense, net in 2017 decreased to $10.7 million income compared to $13.8 million income in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to $6.4 million of higher other-than-temporary impairment losses on investments in 2017 than in 2016 in light of continuing declines in the investment market prices and investees' financial conditions at that time, partially offset by $1.2 million of higher dividend income in 2017 than in 2016 on the ordinary and preferred shares of our investment in Sartorius AG, and higher investment income.
Effective tax rate
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted comprehensive tax legislation (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act made broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code that affect our 2017 financial statements, including the imposition of a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation tax (“Transition Tax”) on certain earnings accumulated offshore since 1986 and the reduction of the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% for U.S. taxable income, resulting in a one-time remeasurement of U.S. federal deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Our effective tax rate was 29%, (25)% and 37% in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The effective tax rate for 2018 was driven by detriments due to non-deductible impairment charges and the taxation of our foreign operations, partially offset by a $49 million benefit recorded as a result of the completion of our accounting for the Tax Act under SAB 118. The effective tax rate for 2017 was driven by a $70 million benefit recorded as a provisional estimate of the accounting for the Tax Act. The effective tax rate for 2016 included additional tax
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liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits related to the non-deductibility of interest expense in our foreign jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate may be impacted in the future, either favorably or unfavorably, by many factors including, but not limited to, changes to statutory tax rates, changes in tax laws or regulations, tax audits and settlements, and generation of tax credits.
Our income tax returns are audited by U.S. federal, state and foreign tax authorities. We are currently under examination by many of these tax authorities. There are differing interpretations of tax laws and regulations, and as a result, significant disputes may arise with these tax authorities involving issues of the timing and amount of deductions and allocations of income among various tax jurisdictions. We evaluate our exposures associated with our tax filing positions on a quarterly basis.
We record liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions. We do not believe the resolution of our uncertain tax positions will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements, although an adverse resolution of one or more of these uncertain tax positions in any period may have a material impact on the results of operations for that period.
As of December 31, 2018, based on the expected outcome of certain examinations or as a result of the expiration of statutes of limitation for certain jurisdictions, we believe that within the next twelve months it is reasonably possible that our previously unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by approximately $3.1 million. Substantially all such amounts will impact our effective income tax rate.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Bio-Rad operates and conducts business globally, primarily through subsidiary companies established in the markets in which we trade. Goods are manufactured in a small number of locations, and are then shipped to local distribution facilities around the world. Our product mix is diversified, and certain products compete largely on product efficacy, while others compete on price. Gross margins are generally sufficient to exceed normal operating costs, and funding for research and development of new products, as well as routine outflows of capital expenditures, interest and taxes. In addition to the annual positive cash flow from operating activities, additional liquidity is readily available via the sale of short-term investments and access to our domestic $200.0 million unsecured Credit Agreement, and to a lesser extent international lines of credit. Borrowings under the 2014 Credit Agreement are available on a revolving basis and can be used to make permitted acquisitions, for working capital and for other general corporate purposes. We had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2018, however, $0.2 million was utilized for domestic standby letters of credit that reduced our borrowing availability. The Credit Agreement matures in June 2019. We are currently evaluating our options on renewing the Credit Agreement or similar arrangements. In total under domestic and international lines of credit, standby letters of credit and guarantee arrangements, we had approximately $208.2 million available for borrowing and usage as of December 31, 2018, which was reduced by approximately $3.1 million that was utilized for standby letters of credit and guarantee arrangements issued by our banks to support our obligations. Management believes that this availability, together with cash flow from operations, will be adequate to meet our current objectives for operations, research and development, capital additions for manufacturing and distribution, plant and equipment, information technology systems and an acquisition of reasonable proportion to our existing total available capital.
At December 31, 2018, we had available $844.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, of which approximately 17% was held in our foreign subsidiaries. We believe that our holdings of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments in the U.S. and in our foreign subsidiaries are sufficient to meet both the current and long-term needs of our global operations. The amount of funds held in the United States can fluctuate due to the timing of receipts and payments in the ordinary course of business and due to other reasons, such as business-development activities. As part of our ongoing liquidity assessments, we regularly monitor the mix of domestic and foreign cash flows (both inflows and outflows).
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It is generally our intention to repatriate certain foreign earnings to the extent that such repatriations are not restricted by local laws or accounting rules, and there are no substantial incremental costs. During the current year, we recorded approximately $6.7 million of deferred tax liability for the earnings of certain foreign jurisdictions that we may repatriate in the future. The determination of the amount of the unrecognized deferred tax liability for foreign earnings that are indefinitely reinvested is not practicable to estimate.
Demand for our products and services could change more dramatically than in previous years based on activity, funding, reimbursement constraints and support levels from government, universities, hospitals and private industry, including diagnostic laboratories. The need for certain sovereign nations with large annual deficits to curtail spending, and international trade disputes and increased regulation, could lead to slower growth of, or even a decline in, our business. Sovereign nations either delaying payment for goods and services or renegotiating their debts could impact our liquidity.
Cash Flows from Operations
Net cash provided by operations was $285.5 million, $104.1 million and $216.1 million in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The net increase between 2018 and 2017 of $181.4 million primarily resulted from:
• | higher cash received from customers in 2018 primarily due to higher sales, in addition to improving collections subsequent to the ERP implementation in 2017, |
• | net proceeds in 2018 compared to net payments in 2017 for forward foreign exchange contracts, and |
• | higher investment income received, partially offset by |
• | higher cash paid to suppliers in 2018 primarily for inventory build, employee related costs and professional fees, and included in 2017 was a $10.0 payment for the RainDance preexisting condition, and |
• | higher income tax payments in 2018 compared to 2017. |
The net decrease between 2017 and 2016 of $112.0 million primarily resulted from:
• | more cash paid to suppliers primarily related to increased inventory, higher employee related costs, an asset purchase for an early stage diagnostic device for $7.5 million, $10.0 million for the RainDance preexisting condition, and higher value added taxes in part due to the European reorganization, |
• | higher net payments in 2017 compared to 2016 for forward foreign exchange contracts primarily associated with the timing of product shipments, intercompany debt payments, and the intercompany movement of assets and capital for the new European operating model, and |
• | lower income tax refunds in 2017 compared to 2016, partially offset by |
• | higher cash received from customers in 2017 primarily due to higher sales, partially offset by higher accounts receivable balances due in part to implementation matters associated with the European ERP system, and |
• | higher investment income received. |
Cash flows from operations during the first quarter have historically had larger payments for royalties, fourth quarter sales commissions to third parties and annual employee bonuses, and we expect this pattern to recur in the first quarter of 2019.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $187.0 million, $175.6 million and $213.9 million for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Purchases of marketable securities and investments, net of combined proceeds from sales and maturities, were net purchases of $68.7 million in 2018 compared to net proceeds in 2017 of $17.1 million. Improved cash generated from operations in 2018 generated more purchases of marketable securities and investments. Proceeds from sales and maturities, net of purchases of marketable securities and investments combined were net proceeds of$17.1 million in 2017 compared to net purchases of $58.2 million in 2016.
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Our investment objective is to maintain liquidity to meet anticipated operational and other corporate requirements in which capital is preserved and increased through investing in low risk, high quality securities with commensurate returns, consistent with our risk tolerance level.
During the first quarter of 2018, we received $7.0 million for a divestiture of a product line. Purchases of intangible assets in 2017 were primarily due to a $3.8 million payment for an acquired technology and know-how to expand our product offerings. Payments for acquisitions, net of cash received, and long-term investments in 2017 and 2016 were primarily due to the following:
• | in February 2017, we acquired all the issued and outstanding stock of RainDance for approximately $72.7 million including certain assumed net liabilities. Cash payments at closing were $72.9 million. |
• | in January 2016, we acquired a high performance analytical flow cytometer platform from Propel for total consideration of $32.8 million, which included $9.5 million paid in cash at the closing date and $23.3 million in contingent consideration potentially payable to Propel, after the effects of a calculation revision that were reflected in the fourth quarter of 2016. |
We continue to review possible acquisitions, including early stage businesses, to expand both our Life Science and Clinical Diagnostics segments. We routinely meet with the principals or brokers of the subject companies. However, it is not certain at this time that any of these discussions will advance to completion.
Capital expenditures in 2018 totaled $129.8 million, compared to $111.3 million and $141.4 million in 2017 and 2016, respectively. Capital expenditures represent the addition and replacement of production machinery and research equipment, ongoing manufacturing and facility additions for expansion, regulatory, environmental and compliance. Also included in capital expenditures are investments in business systems and data communication upgrades and enhancements. All periods include equipment placed with Clinical Diagnostics segment customers who then contract to purchase our reagents for use. Capital expenditures were higher in 2018 than 2017 primarily due to an investment in two office buildings and adjacent land in the greater San Francisco Bay Area, California. Capital expenditures were lower in 2017 than in 2016 as implementation costs were higher in 2016 for the third phase of the ERP platform, which was implemented in April 2017. As we implement the remaining smaller phases of the ERP platform, we expect lower levels of information technology capital expenditures as the majority of the ERP platform has been implemented.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $48.7 million in 2018, and net cash provided by financing activities was $0.3 million and $9.0 million in 2017 and 2016, respectively. In 2018 and 2017, we repurchased our common stock for $48.9 million and $2.9 million, respectively, under our repurchase programs as described below. In 2018, 2017 and 2016, there were payments of $2.1 million, $3.7 million and $3.5 million, respectively, to Propel Labs' shareholders in contingent consideration for sales milestones that were associated with the acquisitions in 2016 and 2012. Income taxes paid from net share settlement for share-based compensation in 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $8.9 million, $7.3 million and zero, respectively. Proceeds from issuance of our common stock in 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $14.1 million, $14.6 million and $11.3 million, respectively.
We have outstanding Senior Notes of $425.0 million, which are not due until December 2020. We believe the current cash is sufficient to meet normal operating costs, and funding for research and development of new products, as well as routine outflows of capital expenditures, interest and taxes.
In November, 2017, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program, granting Bio-Rad authority to repurchase, on a discretionary basis, up to $250.0 million of outstanding shares of our common stock. Repurchases may be made at management's discretion from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. This new authorization superseded the prior authorization of up to $18.0 million of Bio-Rad's common stock and has no expiration. See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for the share repurchase activity.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have had or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
Contractual Obligations
The following summarizes certain of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our cash flows in future periods (in millions):
Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
Less Than | 1-3 | 3-5 | More than | |||||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations | Total | One Year | Years | Years | 5 Years | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt, including current portion (1) | $ | 440.7 | $ | 0.5 | $ | 428.3 | $ | 2.0 | $ | 9.9 | ||||||||||
Interest payments (1) | 40.2 | 20.7 | 19.5 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations (2) | 168.8 | 44.4 | 65.2 | 33.7 | 25.5 | |||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations (3) | 12.5 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term liabilities (4) | 110.9 | 5.8 | 22.6 | 5.9 | 76.6 | |||||||||||||||
(1) These amounts represent expected cash payments, including capital lease obligations, which are included in our December 31, 2018 Consolidated Balance Sheet. Our debt is fixed and primarily consists of the 4.875% Notes. See Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our debt. | ||||||||||||||||||||
(2) Operating lease obligations are described in Note 12 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. | ||||||||||||||||||||
(3) Purchase obligations include agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding to Bio-Rad and that specify all significant terms. Purchase obligations exclude agreements that are cancelable without penalty. | ||||||||||||||||||||
(4) These amounts primarily represent long-term obligations for other post-retirement benefits mostly due in more than 5 years, and long-term deferred revenue. Excluded from this table are tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions and contingencies in the amount of $36.0 million. We are not able to reasonably estimate the timing of future cash flows of these tax liabilities, therefore, our income tax obligations are excluded from the table above. See Note 6 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our income taxes. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted and to be Adopted
See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for recent accounting pronouncements adopted and to be adopted.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Financial Risk Management
The main goal of Bio-Rad’s financial risk management program is to reduce the variance in expected cash flows arising from unexpected foreign exchange rate and interest rate changes. Financial exposures are managed through operational means and by using various financial instruments, including cash and liquid resources, borrowings, and forward and spot foreign exchange contracts. No derivative financial instruments are entered into for the purpose of trading or speculation. Company policy requires that all derivative positions are undertaken to manage the risks arising from underlying business activities. These derivative transactions do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Derivative instruments used in these transactions are valued at fair value and changes in fair value are included in reported earnings.
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Foreign Exchange Risk. We operate and conduct business in many countries and are exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. We face transactional currency exposures that arise when we enter into transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Additionally, our consolidated net equity is impacted by the conversion of the net assets of our international subsidiaries for which the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.
Foreign currency exposures are managed on a centralized basis. This allows for the netting of natural offsets and lowers transaction costs and net exposures. Where possible, we seek to manage our foreign exchange risk in part through operational means, including matching same-currency revenues to same-currency costs, and same-currency assets to same-currency liabilities. Moreover, weakening in one currency can often be offset by strengthening in another currency. Foreign exchange risk is also managed through the use of forward foreign exchange contracts. Positions are primarily in Euro, Swiss Franc, Japanese Yen, Chinese Yuan and British Sterling. The majority of forward contracts are for periods of 90 days or less. We record the change in value of our foreign currency receivables and payables as a Foreign exchange (gain) loss on our Consolidated Statements of Income along with the change in fair market value of the forward exchange contract used as an economic hedge of those assets or liabilities.
Our forward contract holdings at year-end were analyzed to determine their sensitivity to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. All other variables were held constant. Market risk associated with derivative holdings is the potential change in fair value of derivative positions arising from an adverse movement in foreign exchange rates. A decline of 10% on quoted foreign exchange rates would result in an approximate net-present-value loss of $26 million on our derivative position as of December 31, 2018. This impact of a change in exchange rates excludes the offset derived from the change in value of the underlying assets and liabilities, which could reduce the adverse effect significantly.
Interest Rate Risk of Debt Instruments. Bio-Rad centrally manages the short-term cash surpluses and shortfalls of its subsidiaries. Our holdings of variable rate debt instruments at year-end were analyzed to determine their sensitivity to movements in interest rates. Due to the relatively small amount of short-term variable rate debt we have outstanding, there would not be a material impact to earnings or cash flows if interest rates moved adversely by 10%. Our long-term debt consists primarily of fixed-rate instruments, and is thus insulated from interest rate changes. As of December 31, 2018, the overall interest rate risk associated with our debt was not significant.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements | ||
Page | ||
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 42-43 | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 | 44-45 | |
Consolidated Statements of Income for each of the three years in the period ended | ||
December 31, 2018 | 46 | |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for each of the three years in the period | ||
December 31, 2018 | 47 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended | ||
December 31, 2018 | 48 | |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years | ||
in the period ended December 31, 2018 | 49 | |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 50-90 | |
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedule (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated March 29, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Changes in Accounting Principle
As discussed in note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for revenue from contracts with customers effective January 1, 2018, due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification 606 (ASC 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company has also changed its method of accounting for equity instruments effective January 1, 2018 due to the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ KPMG LLP |
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013. |
Santa Clara, California |
March 29, 2019 |
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Bio‑Rad Laboratories, Inc.:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedule (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated March 29, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ KPMG LLP |
Santa Clara, California |
March 29, 2019 |
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BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC. Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands, except share data) | |||||||
December 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Current assets: | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||
Short-term investments | |||||||
Restricted investments | |||||||
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $26,713 at 2018 and $25,549 at 2017 | |||||||
Inventories: | |||||||
Raw materials | |||||||
Work in process | |||||||
Finished goods | |||||||
Total inventories | |||||||
Prepaid expenses | |||||||
Other current assets | |||||||
Total current assets | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment: | |||||||
Land and improvements | |||||||
Buildings and leasehold improvements | |||||||
Equipment | |||||||
Total property, plant and equipment | |||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||
Property, plant and equipment, net | |||||||
Goodwill, net | |||||||
Purchased intangibles, net | |||||||
Other investments | |||||||
Other assets | |||||||
Total assets | $ | $ | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC. Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued) (In thousands, except share data) | |||||||
December 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||
Current liabilities: | |||||||
Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||
Accrued payroll and employee benefits | |||||||
Current maturities of long-term debt | |||||||
Income taxes payable | |||||||
Other taxes payable | |||||||
Deferred revenue | |||||||
Other current liabilities | |||||||
Total current liabilities | |||||||
Long-term debt, net of current maturities | |||||||
Deferred income taxes | |||||||
Other long-term liabilities | |||||||
Total liabilities | |||||||
Commitments and contingent liabilities | |||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 7,500,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding - none | |||||||
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued - 24,884,265 and 24,679,127 at 2018 and 2017, respectively; shares outstanding - 24,704,772 and 24,678,545 at 2018 and 2017, respectively | |||||||
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued - 5,096,421 and 5,107,674 at 2018 and 2017, respectively; shares outstanding - 5,095,504 and 5,106,757 at 2018 and 2017, respectively | |||||||
Additional paid-in capital | |||||||
Class A treasury stock at cost, 179,493 shares at 2018 and 582 shares at 2017 | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||
Class B treasury stock at cost, 917 shares at 2018 and 2017 | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||
Retained earnings | |||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | ( | ) | |||||
Total stockholders’ equity | |||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||
Net sales | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Cost of goods sold | ||||||||||||
Gross profit | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expense | ||||||||||||
Research and development expense | ||||||||||||
Impairment losses on goodwill and long-lived assets | ||||||||||||
(Loss) income from operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||
Interest expense | ||||||||||||