Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
(Mark One)
     
þ   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                                           to                                          .
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-19271
IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
DELAWARE   01-0393723
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation   (IRS Employer Identification No.)
or organization)    
     
ONE IDEXX DRIVE, WESTBROOK, MAINE   04092
(Address of principal executive offices)   (ZIP Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 207-556-0300
          Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
     
Title of each class   Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.10 par value per share   NASDAQ Global Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ
No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. (See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
             
Large accelerated filer þ        Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer o   Smaller reporting company o
        (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
Based on the closing sale price on June 29, 2007 of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Market, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $2,868,735,251. For these purposes, the registrant considers its Directors and executive officers to be its only affiliates.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock was 60,954,305 on February 15, 2008.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III—Specifically identified portions of the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed in connection with the Company’s 2008 Annual Meeting to be held on May 7, 2008, are incorporated herein by reference.
 
 

 

 


 

IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
Table of Contents
             
Item No.       Page No.  
           
   
 
       
Item 1       3  
   
 
       
Item 1A       11  
   
 
       
Item 1B       15  
   
 
       
Item 2       16  
   
 
       
Item 3       16  
   
 
       
Item 4       17  
   
 
       
           
   
 
       
Item 5       19  
   
 
       
Item 6       22  
   
 
       
Item 7       23  
   
 
       
Item 7A       49  
   
 
       
Item 8       50  
   
 
       
Item 9       50  
   
 
       
Item 9A       50  
   
 
       
Item 9B       51  
   
 
       
           
   
 
       
Item 10       51  
   
 
       
Item 11       51  
   
 
       
Item 12       51  
   
 
       
Item 13       52  
   
 
       
Item 14       52  
   
 
       
           
   
 
       
Item 15       52  
   
 
       
Signatures     53  
   
 
       
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Index to Consolidated Financial Statements     F-1  
   
 
       
Exhibit Index        
   
 
       
 Exhibit 10.4
 Exhibit 10.5
 Exhibit 10.8
 Exhibit 10.19
 Exhibit 10.20
 Exhibit 10.22
 Exhibit 10.23
 Exhibit 21
 Exhibit 23
 Exhibit 31.1
 Exhibit 31.2
 Exhibit 32.1
 Exhibit 32.2

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Forward-looking statements about our business and expectations within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements relating to future revenue growth rates, demand for our products, realizability of assets, warranty expense, share-based compensation expense, and competition. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Words such as “expects,” “may,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “would,” “will,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “should,” and similar words and expressions are intended to help you identify forward-looking statements. These statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events; are based on current estimates, projections, beliefs, and assumptions; and are not guarantees of future performance. Actual events or results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties as more fully described under the heading “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks and uncertainties discussed herein do not reflect the potential future impact of any mergers, acquisitions or dispositions. In addition, any forward-looking statements represent our estimates only as of the day this annul report was first filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and should not be relied upon as representing our estimates as of any subsequent date. While we may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, even if our estimates or expectations change.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
We develop, manufacture and distribute products and provide services primarily for the veterinary and the food and water testing markets. We also sell a line of portable electrolytes and blood gas analyzers for the human point-of-care medical diagnostics market. Our primary products and services are:
    Point-of-care veterinary diagnostic products, comprising rapid assays and instruments and consumables;
 
    Laboratory and consulting services used by veterinarians;
 
    Information products and services and digital radiography systems used by veterinarians;
 
    Veterinary pharmaceutical products;
 
    Diagnostic and health-monitoring products for production animals;
 
    Products that test water for certain microbiological contaminants;
 
    Products that test milk for antibiotic residues; and
 
    Point-of-care electrolytes and blood gas analyzers used in the human medical diagnostics market.
We are a Delaware corporation and were incorporated in 1983. Our principal executive offices are located at One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092, our telephone number is 207-556-0300, and our Internet address is www.idexx.com. References herein to “we,” “us;” the “Company,” or “IDEXX” include our wholly-owned subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires. References to our Web site are inactive textual references only and the content of our Web site should not be deemed incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K for any purpose.
We make available free of charge on our Web site our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such information with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In addition, copies of our reports filed electronically with the SEC may be accessed on the SEC’s Web site at www.sec.gov. The public may also read and copy any materials filed with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

 

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
On October 25, 2007, our board of directors approved a two-for-one split of the outstanding shares of our common stock, to be effected in the form of a 100% stock dividend. Each holder of common stock of record as of November 5, 2007 received one additional share of common stock. The additional shares of common stock were distributed on November 26, 2007. All share and per share data (except par value) in this Form 10-K have been adjusted to reflect the effect of the stock split for all periods presented.
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
During 2007, we operated primarily through three business segments: products and services for the veterinary market, which we refer to as our Companion Animal Group (“CAG”), water quality products (“Water”) and products for production animal health, which we refer to as the Production Animal Segment (“PAS”). We also operate two smaller segments that comprise products for dairy quality, which we refer to as Dairy, and products for the human medical diagnostic market, which we refer to as OPTI Medical. Financial information about the Dairy and OPTI Medical operating segments are combined and presented in an “Other” category because they do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for reportable segments. We added the OPTI Medical operating segment in connection with our acquisition of substantially all of the assets and assumption of certain liabilities of the Critical Care Division of Osmetech plc in January 2007. See Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for financial information about our segments, including geographic information, and about our product and service categories.
COMPANION ANIMAL GROUP
Instruments and Consumables
We currently market an integrated and highly flexible suite of in-house laboratory analyzers for use in veterinary practices that we refer to as the IDEXX VetLab® suite of analyzers. The IDEXX VetLab® Suite includes several instrument systems, as well as associated proprietary consumable products that are described below:
Blood and Urine Chemistry. Our VetTest® Chemistry Analyzer is used to measure levels of certain enzymes and other substances in blood or urine in order to assist the veterinarian in diagnosing physiologic conditions. Twenty-six separate tests can be performed on the VetTest® Chemistry Analyzer and additional parameters can be calculated. Blood tests commonly run include glucose, alkaline phosphatase, ALT (alanine aminotransferase), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (“BUN”) and total protein. The VetTest® Chemistry Analyzer also runs tests for urine protein/urine creatinine ratio, which assists in the detection of early renal disease. Tests are sold individually and in prepackaged panels, such as the Preanesthetic Panel, the General Health Profile, the Equine Health Panel, the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (“NSAID”) Monitoring Panel, the Avian Health Profile, the Quality Control Panel and the Diagnostic Health Profile.
Our VetLyte® Analyzer measures three electrolytes—sodium, potassium and chloride—to aid in evaluating acid-base and electrolyte balances and assessing plasma hydration.
Our VetStat® Analyzer measures electrolytes, blood gases, glucose and ionized calcium, and calculates other parameters, such as bicarbonate and anion gap. These measurements aid veterinarians in evaluating fluid therapy choices and measuring respiratory function. The VetStat® Electrolyte and Blood Gas Analyzer runs single-use disposable cassettes that contain various configurations of analytes.
We purchase all of the reagents used in the VetTest® Chemistry Analyzer (“dry chemistry slides” or “VetTest® slides”) from Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. (“Ortho”), a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. See the section below within Item I, “Production and Supply.” In October 2003, we entered into an agreement with Ortho under which we are developing a next-generation chemistry analyzer for the veterinary market, named Catalyst Dx™, which is based primarily on Ortho’s dry-slide technology. Ortho will provide slide consumables used in both the VetTest® Chemistry Analyzer and the new analyzer, Catalyst Dx™, through 2025. Catalyst Dx™ will provide significantly improved throughput, ease of use and menu, including the ability to run electrolytes. We expect Catalyst Dx™ to be commercially available in early 2008 and we will be manufacturing this instrument. We also expect to be selling and supporting VetTest® for the foreseeable future.

 

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Chemistry reagent sales for use in our installed base of chemistry analyzers provide the majority of consumables volumes and revenues generated from our installed base of IDEXX VetLab® equipment.
Hematology. We sell two hematology analyzers: the LaserCyte® Hematology Analyzer, which uses laser-flow cytometry technology to analyze components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets; and the VetAutoread™ Hematology Analyzer.
Quantitative Immunoassay Testing. The IDEXX SNAP® Reader allows the veterinarian to obtain quantitative measurements of total thyroxine (“T4”), cortisol and bile acids, which assist in the evaluation of thyroid, adrenal and liver function.
We have under development and plan to launch a new quantitative immunoassay platform called SNAPshot Dx™ in early 2008. This product will replace the IDEXX SNAP® Reader. SNAPshot Dx™ is designed to significantly improve ease of use, throughput and menu. We will manufacture this instrument and its consumables internally.
Blood Coagulation. In late 2007 we introduced the Coag Dx™ Analyzer, which permits the detection and diagnosis of blood clotting disorders.
Urinalysis. Our IDEXX VetLab® UA™ Urinalysis Analyzer provides rapid, semi-quantitative urinalysis and is validated specifically for veterinary use.
IDEXX VetLab® Station. We sell IDEXX VetLab® Station (“IVLS”) as an integral component of the LaserCyte system (and Catalyst Dx™ following launch) and also as a standalone hardware platform. In both cases, IVLS physically connects and integrates all the IDEXX VetLab® equipment and provides a laboratory information management system capability. IVLS includes a user interface to run the individual equipment; generates one integrated patient report; stores, retrieves and analyzes historical patient diagnostics data, including SNAP® test results; and connects to practice information management systems, including IDEXX Cornerstone® and Better Choice® systems, as well as a wide variety of third-party systems.
Rapid Assays
We provide a broad range of single-use, handheld test kits under the SNAP® name that allow quick, accurate and convenient test results for a variety of companion animal diseases and health conditions. These products enable veterinarians to provide improved service to animal owners by delivering test results and a diagnosis at the time of the patient visit, allowing the veterinarian to initiate therapy or prevention, if required. These kits work without the use of instrumentation.
Our principal single-use tests include canine combination parasite tests called SNAP® 3Dx® , which tests simultaneously for Lyme disease, Ehrlichia canis and heartworm, and SNAP®4Dx®, which additionally tests for Anaplasma phagocytophilum; a canine heartworm-only test; canine tests for parvovirus and pancreatitis; a feline combination test, the SNAP® Combo FIV antibody/FeLV antigen test, which enables veterinarians to test simultaneously for feline immunodeficiency virus (“FIV”) (which is similar to the human AIDS virus) and feline leukemia virus (“FeLV”); a feline test for FeLV only; and canine and feline tests for Giardia, a parasitic disease. Sales of canine parasite tests, including the heartworm only test, are greater in the first half of our fiscal year due to seasonality of disease testing in the veterinary practice.
In addition to our single-use tests, we sell a line of microwell-based test kits, under the PetChek® name, that are used by larger clinics and laboratories to test multiple samples. PetChek® tests offer accuracy, ease of use and cost advantages to high-volume customers. We currently sell PetChek® tests for canine heartworm disease, FIV, and FeLV.
Veterinary Reference Laboratory and Consulting Services
We offer commercial veterinary reference laboratory and consulting services to veterinarians in the U.S., Canada, Europe, Australia, Japan, and South Africa. Veterinarians use our services by submitting samples by courier or overnight delivery to one of our facilities. Our laboratories offer a large selection of tests and diagnostic panels to detect a number of disease states and other conditions in production and companion animals.

 

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Additionally, we provide specialized veterinary consultation, telemedicine and advisory services, including cardiology, radiology, internal medicine and ultrasound consulting. These services permit veterinarians to obtain readings and interpretations of test results transmitted by telephone and over the Internet from the veterinarians’ offices.
Practice Information Systems and Digital Radiography
Practice Information Systems and Services. We develop, market and sell practice information systems, including hardware and software that run key functions of veterinary clinics, including patient electronic health records management, scheduling (including boarding and grooming), billing, and inventory management. Our principal system is the Cornerstone® system. We also provide software and hardware support to our practice information system customers, and related supplies and services to veterinary practice information system users in general, and we derive a significant portion of our revenues for this product line from ongoing service contracts.
Digital Radiography Systems and Services. Our digital radiography systems capture radiograph images in digital form, replacing traditional x-ray film. Use of digital radiography systems eliminates the need for the film and processor, hazardous chemicals and darkroom required for the production of film images, and provides for image manipulation and enhancement through contrast management. We market and sell three digital radiography systems, the IDEXX-DR™ 1417 and the IDEXX-CR™ 1417 systems for use in the small animal (e.g., dog and cat) veterinary hospital, and the IDEXX EquiView® DR system for use as a portable unit in ambulatory veterinary practices, such as equine practices. Our digital radiography systems use IDEXX-PACS™ picture archiving and communication system (“PACS”) software for the viewing, manipulation, management, storage and retrieval of the digital images generated by the digital capture plate. The IDEXX-PACS™ software also permits images from our digital radiography systems to be integrated into patients’ medical records in the Cornerstone® system, as well as transferred to other practice information management systems.
Pharmaceutical Products
We develop and commercialize pharmaceuticals for the veterinary market. We currently market and sell four pharmaceutical products: PZI VET®, an insulin product for the treatment of diabetic cats; Acarexx® (0.01% ivermectin) otic suspension for the treatment of ear mites in cats; SURPASS® (1% diclofenac sodium), a topical, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for equine use; and Navigator® (32% nitazoxanide) Antiprotozoal Oral Paste, a treatment for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (“EPM”). See “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors – We May be Required to Discontinue Sales of One of Our Veterinary Pharmaceutical Products.”
WATER
We offer a range of products used in the detection of various microbiological analytes in water.
Our Colilert®, Colilert®-18 and Colisure® tests simultaneously detect total coliforms and E. coli in water. These organisms are broadly used as indicators of microbial contamination in water. These products utilize indicator-nutrients that produce a change in color or fluorescence when metabolized by target microbes in the sample. Our water tests are used by government laboratories, water utilities and private certified laboratories to test drinking water in compliance with regulatory standards, including U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) standards. The tests also are used in evaluating water used in production processes (for example, in beverage and pharmaceutical applications) and in evaluating bottled water, recreational water, waste water and water from private wells.
Our Enterolert™ product detects enterococci in drinking and recreational waters. Our Quanti-Tray® products, when used in conjunction with our Colilert®, Colilert®-18, Colisure® or Enterolert™ products, provide users quantitative measurements of microbial contamination, rather than a presence/absence indication. The Colilert®, Colilert®-18, Colisure® and Quanti-Tray® products have been approved by the EPA and by regulatory agencies in certain other countries.

 

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Our Filta-Max® product is used in the detection of Cryptosporidium in water. Cryptosporidium is a parasite that can cause potentially fatal gastrointestinal illness if ingested. Testing of water supplies for Cryptosporidium has been mandated by regulation only in the United Kingdom. On December 29, 2006, the Drinking Water Inspectorate in the U.K. published a proposal to discontinue the regulation that requires testing water supplies for Cryptosporidium. Subsequently, regulatory changes were approved and will become effective January 1, 2009. Beginning in 2009, therefore, we believe that we may lose a substantial portion of our sales of Filta-Max® products in England and Wales, which were $2.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2007. Effective September 2007, we commenced distribution of certain water testing kits manufactured by Invitrogen Corporation (“Invitrogen”). The Invitrogen kits complement our IDEXX developed Cryptosporidium and Giardia testing products.
PRODUCTION ANIMAL SEGMENT
We sell diagnostic tests and related instrumentation that are used to detect a wide range of diseases and to monitor health status in production animals. Our production animal products are purchased primarily by government laboratories and poultry, cattle and swine producers. Our largest product is a post-mortem test for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (“BSE” or “mad cow disease”). Other significant products include ante-mortem diagnostic tests for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (“PRRS”), pseudorabies (“PRV”) in pigs and bovine viral diarrhea (“BVDV”) virus in cattle.
OTHER
Dairy
Our principal product for use in testing for antibiotic residue in milk is the SNAP® Beta-Lactam test. Our primary customers are dairy producers and processors who use our tests worldwide for quality assurance of raw milk.
OPTI Medical Systems
We sell OPTI® point-of-care analyzers and related consumables for use in human medical hospitals and clinics to measure electrolytes, blood gases, acid-base balance, glucose and ionized calcium, and to calculate other parameters such as bicarbonate and anion gap. These analyzers are used primarily in emergency rooms, operating rooms, cardiac monitoring areas and any locations where time-critical diagnostic testing is performed within the hospital setting. The OPTI® CCA Touch Electrolyte and Blood Gas Analyzer runs single-use disposable cassettes that contain various configurations of analytes; the OPTI® R Analyzer runs reusable cassettes in various analyte configurations; and the OPTI® Lion Analyzer runs single-use electrolyte cassettes.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
We market, sell and service our products worldwide through our marketing, sales and technical service groups, as well as through independent distributors and other resellers. We maintain sales offices outside the U.S. in Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan and the United Kingdom. Sales and marketing expense was $151.9 million, $115.9 million and $102.0 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, or 16% of sales in each year.
Generally, we select the appropriate distribution channel for our products based on the type of product, technical service requirements, number and concentration of customers, regulatory requirements and other factors. We market our veterinary diagnostic and pharmaceutical products to veterinarians both directly and through independent veterinary distributors in the U.S., with most instruments sold directly by IDEXX sales personnel, and test kits, pharmaceutical products and instrument consumables supplied primarily by the distribution channel. Outside the U.S., we sell our veterinary diagnostic products through our direct sales force and, in certain countries, through distributors and other resellers. We sell our reference laboratory services worldwide through our direct sales force. We market our software and digital radiography products through our direct sales force primarily in the U.S. We market our water and food diagnostics products primarily through our direct sales force in the U.S. and Canada. Outside the U.S. and Canada, we market these products through selected independent distributors and, in certain countries, through our direct sales force. We sell our OPTI® electrolyte and blood gas analyzers both directly and through independent human medical product distributors in the U.S. and sell most of the related consumables through the distribution channel. Outside the U.S., we sell our OPTI® electrolyte and blood gas analyzers and related consumables primarily through distributors and other resellers.

 

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Our largest customers are our U.S. distributors of our products in the CAG segment. One of our CAG distributors, Butler Animal Health Supply, LLC, accounted for 8%, 9% and 10% of our 2007, 2006 and 2005 revenue, respectively, and 5% of our net accounts receivable at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and 4% of our net accounts receivable at December 31, 2005.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Our business includes the development and introduction of new products and services and may involve entry into new business areas. Our research and development activity is focused primarily on development of new diagnostic instrument platforms and information systems, new immunoassay devices, new diagnostic tests, new animal drugs, enhanced practice information systems, and improvements in the performance, connectivity, usability, and interoperability of our products and services. Our research and development expenses, which consist of salaries, employee benefits, materials and consulting costs, were $67.3 million, $53.6 million and $40.9 million, or 7.3% of sales in 2007 and 2006, respectively, and 6.4% of sales in 2005.
PATENTS AND LICENSES
We actively seek to obtain patent protection in the U.S. and other countries for inventions covering our products and technologies. We also license patents and technologies from third parties.
Important patents and licenses include:
    An exclusive license from the Regents of the University of California to patents concerning diagnostic products for FIV that expire in 2009; and other patents covering various reagents, kits and/or immunoassays for detecting FIV antibodies that expire beginning in 2014;
 
    Exclusive licenses from Tulane University and the University of Texas to patents and patent applications relating to the detection of Lyme disease that expire beginning in 2019;
 
    A patent concerning the Colilert®-18 product that expires in 2014;
 
    A patent concerning the Quanti-Tray® product that expires in 2014;
 
    A patent that relates to certain methods and kits for simultaneously detecting antigens and antibodies, which covers certain of our SNAP® products, including our SNAP® Combo FIV/FELV and canine SNAP® 3Dx® and 4Dx® combination tests, that expires in 2014;
 
    An exclusive license from Boehringer Ingelheim to certain patents covering reagents and methods for detecting the PRRS virus that expire beginning in 2012;
 
    An exclusive license from Cornell University to patents covering methods for detecting BVDV that expire beginning in 2017.
To the extent some of our products may now, or in the future, embody technologies protected by patents, copyrights or trade secrets of others, we may be required to obtain licenses to such technologies in order to continue to sell our products. These licenses may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our failure to obtain any such licenses may delay or prevent the sale of certain new or existing products. See “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY
Many of the instruments that we sell are manufactured by third parties and we rely on third parties, who are in some cases sole source suppliers, to supply us with certain important components, raw materials and consumables used in or with our products.
VetTest® Chemistry Analyzers are manufactured for us by Tokyo Parts Industrial Company, Ltd. under an agreement that renews annually unless either party notifies the other of its decision not to renew. VetTest® slides are supplied exclusively by Ortho under supply agreements with Ortho (the “Ortho Agreements”). We are required to purchase all of our requirements for our current menu of VetTest® slides from Ortho to the extent Ortho is able to supply those requirements. In addition, we have committed to minimum annual purchase volumes of certain VetTest® slides through 2010. Under these agreements Ortho will also supply the slide consumables used in the Catalyst Dx™ Chemistry Analyzer. The Ortho Agreements expire on December 31, 2025.

 

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The VetAutoread™ Hematology Analyzer and related consumables are manufactured for us by QBC Diagnostics, Inc. (“QBCD”) under a supply agreement that expires on December 31, 2020. The VetLyte® Electrolyte Analyzer is manufactured for us by Roche Diagnostics Corporation under an agreement that requires Roche Diagnostics to supply analyzers through December 31, 2009 provided that we achieve specified purchase levels, and consumables and spare parts through December 31, 2013.
IDEXX VetLab® UA™ urinalysis strips are manufactured for us by Roche Diagnostics under agreements that expire on December 31, 2010 but are renewable at our option through December 31, 2020 if we achieve certain purchase levels under those agreements.
IDEXX VetLab® UA™ Analyzers are manufactured for us by 77 Elektronika Kft. under agreements that expire on December 31, 2022, and which require 77 Elektronika to supply spare parts for five years following expiration.
The IDEXX Coag Dx™ Analyzer and associated cartridges are manufactured for us by International Technidyne Corporation (“ITC”) under an agreement that expires on February 6, 2017, but which we may extend until February 6, 2022 if we achieve certain minimum purchase levels under the agreement, and which requires ITC to supply consumables and spare parts for five years following expiration.
We purchase certain other products, raw materials and components from a single supplier. These include active ingredients for our pharmaceutical products, certain digital radiography systems, certain other instruments, instrument consumables, and certain components used in our SNAP® rapid assay devices, water testing products, and instruments, including in LaserCyte® Hematology Analyzers. We have in the past been successful in ensuring an uninterrupted supply of products purchased from single source suppliers. However, there can be no assurance that uninterrupted supply can be maintained if these agreements terminate for any reason or our suppliers otherwise are unable to satisfy our requirements for products.
We do not generally maintain significant backlog and believe that our backlog at any particular date historically has not been indicative of future sales.
COMPETITION
We face intense competition within the markets in which we sell our products and services. We expect that future competition will become even more intense, and that we will have to compete with changing technologies, which could affect the marketability of our products and services. Our competitive position also will depend on our ability to develop proprietary products, integrate our products, develop and maintain effective sales channels, attract and retain qualified scientific and other personnel, develop and implement production and marketing plans, obtain or license patent rights, and obtain adequate capital resources.
We compete with many companies ranging from small businesses focused on animal health to large pharmaceutical and human medical diagnostics companies. Our competitors vary in our different markets. Academic institutions, governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research activities and may commercialize products, which could compete with our products, on their own or through joint ventures. Some of our competitors have substantially greater capital, manufacturing, marketing, and research and development resources than we do.
Competitive factors in our different business areas are detailed below:
    Veterinary diagnostic products and food and water testing products. We compete primarily on the basis of the ease of use, speed, accuracy, quality of the information provided, and other performance characteristics of our products and services (including unique tests), the breadth of our product line and services, the effectiveness of our sales and distribution channels, the quality of our technical and customer service, and our pricing relative to the value of our products.

 

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    Veterinary laboratory and consulting services. In this market, we compete primarily on the basis of quality, consistency of service levels, technology, and our pricing relative to the value of our services. We compete in most geographic locations in the U.S. with Antech Diagnostics, a unit of VCA Antech, Inc.
 
    Veterinary pharmaceuticals. We compete primarily on the basis of the performance characteristics of our products.
 
    Practice Information Management and Digital Radiography Systems. We compete primarily on the basis of functionality, connectivity to equipment and other systems, performance characteristics, effectiveness of our customer service, information handling capabilities, advances in technologies, and our pricing relative to the value of our products and services.
 
    Electrolyte and Blood Gas Analyzers for the human medical diagnostics point-of-care market. In this market we compete primarily with large human medical diagnostics companies such as Radiometer A/S, Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Instrumentation Laboratory, Abbott Diagnostics, and Roche Diagnostics. We compete primarily on the basis of ease of use, menu, convenience, international distribution and service, instrument reliability, and our pricing relative to the value of our products.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Many of our products are subject to comprehensive regulation by U.S. and foreign regulatory agencies that relate to, among other things, product approvals, manufacturing, marketing and promotion, recordkeeping, testing, quality, storage, and product disposal. The following is a description of the principal regulations affecting our businesses.
Veterinary diagnostic products. Most diagnostic tests for animal health applications, including our production animal products and our rapid assay lines of business, are veterinary biological products for infectious diseases that are regulated in the U.S. by the Center for Veterinary Biologics within the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (“APHIS”). The APHIS regulatory approval process involves the submission of product performance data and manufacturing documentation. Following regulatory approval to market a product, APHIS requires that each lot of product be submitted for review before release to customers. In addition, APHIS requires special approval to market products where test results are used in part for government-mandated disease management programs. A number of foreign governments accept APHIS approval as part of their separate regulatory approvals. However, compliance with an extensive regulatory process is required in connection with marketing diagnostic products in Japan, Germany, the Netherlands and many other countries. We also are required to have a facility license from APHIS to manufacture USDA-licensed products. We have obtained such a license for our manufacturing facility in Westbrook, Maine and our distribution center in Memphis, Tennessee.
Our veterinary diagnostic instrument systems are medical devices regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (the “FDC Act”). While the sale of these products does not require premarket approval by the FDA and does not subject us to the FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices regulations (“cGMP”), these products must not be adulterated or misbranded under the FDC Act.
These products also are subject to the European Medical Device Directives, which create a single set of medical device regulations for all European Union (“EU”) member countries and require companies that wish to manufacture and distribute medical devices in EU member countries to obtain European Conformity (“CE”) marking for their products.
Veterinary pharmaceuticals. The manufacture and sale of veterinary pharmaceuticals are regulated by the Center for Veterinary Medicine (“CVM”) of the FDA. A new animal drug may not be commercially marketed in the U.S. unless it has been approved as safe and effective by CVM. Approval may be requested by filing a new animal drug application (“NADA”) with CVM containing substantial evidence as to the safety and effectiveness of the drug. Data regarding manufacturing methods and controls also are required to be submitted with the NADA. Manufacturers of animal drugs must also comply with cGMP and Good Laboratory Practices (“GLP”). Sales of animal drugs in countries outside the U.S. require compliance with the laws of those countries, which may be extensive.

 

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Water testing products. Our water tests are not subject to formal premarket regulatory approval. However, before a test can be used as part of a water quality monitoring program in the U.S. that is required by the EPA, the test must first be approved by the EPA. The EPA approval process involves submission of extensive product performance data in accordance with an EPA-approved protocol, evaluation of the data by the EPA and publication for public comment of any proposed approval in the Federal Register before final approval. Our Colilert®, Colilert®-18, Colisure®, Quanti-Tray®, Filta-Max® and SimPlate® for heterotropic plate counts (“HPC”) products have been approved by the EPA. The sale of water testing products also is subject to extensive and lengthy regulatory processes in many other countries around the world.
Dairy testing products. The sale of dairy testing products in the U.S. is regulated by the FDA in conjunction with the AOAC Research Institute (“AOAC RI”). Before a product can be sold, extensive product performance data must be submitted in accordance with a protocol that is approved by the FDA and the AOAC RI. Following approval of a product by the FDA, the product must also be approved by the National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments (“NCIMS”), an oversight body that includes state, federal and industry representatives. Our dairy antibiotic residue testing products have been approved by the FDA and NCIMS. While some foreign countries accept AOAC RI approval as part of their regulatory approval process, many countries have separate regulatory processes.
Human point-of-care electrolyte and blood gas analyzers. Our OPTI® instrument systems are classified as Class II medical devices, and their design, manufacture and marketing are regulated by the FDA. Accordingly, we must comply with cGMP in the manufacture of our OPTI® products. The FDA’s Quality System regulations further set forth standards for product design and manufacturing processes, require the maintenance of certain records, and provide for inspections of our facilities by the FDA. New OPTI® products fall into FDA classifications that require notification of and review by the FDA before marketing, submitted as a 510(k) application.
OPTI® products are also subject to the European Medical Device Directives and regulations governing the manufacture and marketing of medical devices in other countries in which they are sold.
Any acquisitions of new products and technologies may subject us to additional areas of government regulation. These may involve food, drug, medical device and water-quality regulations of the FDA, the EPA and the USDA, as well as state, local and foreign governments. See “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
EMPLOYEES
At December 31, 2007, we had approximately 4,700 full-time and part-time employees.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our future operating results involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in this report. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed below, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report.
We May Be Unsuccessful in Maintaining Our Growth Rate
Our ability to maintain our growth rate depends on our successful implementation of various strategies, including:
    Developing, manufacturing and marketing innovative new products with new features, functions and capabilities, including in-house laboratory analyzers such as Catalyst Dx™ and SNAPshot Dx™, rapid assay and other specialized diagnostic tests and services, water testing products, production animal diagnostic products, and companion animal veterinary pharmaceuticals, as well as improving and enhancing existing products;
 
    Developing and implementing new technology and licensing strategies; and identifying, completing and integrating acquisitions that enhance our existing businesses or create new business areas for us;

 

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    Increasing the value to our customers of our companion animal products and services by enhancing the integration of these products, including the interoperability among the IDEXX VetLab® instrument suite, Cornerstone® practice information management system, IDEXX VetLab® Station, IDEXX-PACS™ software and IDEXX Reference Laboratories;
 
    Expanding our market by expanding the installed base of our instrumentation through customer acquisition and retention and increasing use of our products by our customers; and
 
    Strengthening our sales and marketing activities both within the U.S. and in geographies outside of the U.S.
However, we may not be able to successfully implement some or all of these strategies and increase or sustain our rate of growth or profitability.
Our Dependence on a Limited Number of Suppliers Could Limit Our Ability to Sell Certain Products or Reduce Our Profitability
We currently purchase many products and materials from single sources or a limited number of sources. Some of the products that we purchase from these sources are proprietary, and, therefore, cannot be readily or easily replaced by alternative sources. These products include our VetAutoread™ hematology, VetLyte® electrolyte and IDEXX VetLab® UA™ urinalysis, CoagDx™ blood coagulation analyzers and related consumables and accessories; the consumables associated with our VetTest® Chemistry Analyzers; image capture plates used in our digital radiography system; active ingredients for pharmaceutical products; and certain components and raw materials used in our SNAP® rapid assay devices, water testing products and LaserCyte® Hematology Analyzers. If we are unable to obtain adequate quantities of these products in the future, we could face cost increases or reductions, or delays or discontinuations in product shipments, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our Biologic Products Are Complex and Difficult to Manufacture, Which Could Negatively Affect Our Ability to Supply the Market
Many of our rapid assay and production animal diagnostic products are biologics, which are products that are comprised of materials from living organisms, such as antibodies, cells and sera. Manufacturing biologic products is highly complex. Unlike products that rely on chemicals for efficacy (such as most pharmaceuticals), biologics are difficult to characterize due to the inherent variability of biological input materials. Difficulty in characterizing biological materials or their interactions creates greater risk in the manufacturing process. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain adequate sources of biological materials or that biological materials that we maintain in inventory will yield finished products that satisfy applicable product release criteria. Our inability to produce or obtain necessary biological materials or to successfully manufacture biologic products that incorporate such materials could result in our inability to supply the market with these products, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We May be Required to Discontinue Sales of One of Our Veterinary Pharmaceutical Products
For the year ended December 31, 2007, 2% of CAG revenue (or $15.4 million) was attributable to sales of our highest-selling pharmaceutical product. This product is sold under the FDA’s regulatory discretion and we believe that the FDA would require us to discontinue sales of the product within a short period if and when the FDA approves another product to treat the same condition, whether such new product was our product or that of another commercial supplier. In addition, we have a finite inventory of the raw materials used in the manufacture of this product, and these raw materials are no longer commercially available. We believe that our remaining inventory of raw materials will be adequate to satisfy existing market demand until late 2008 or early 2009. We are seeking FDA approval of a new product for the same application based on different raw materials. FDA approval of this new product would mitigate the commercial risk that we would be required to stop selling our current product due either to FDA approval of another manufacturer’s product or to the full depletion of our inventory of raw materials. While we hope to transition smoothly to our new product, we cannot predict when or if the FDA will approve our new product or any product that treats the same condition from another manufacturer. Further, there can be no assurances that the new product would achieve the same revenue and profitability as our existing product.

 

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Various Government Regulations Could Limit or Delay Our Ability to Market and Sell Our Products
In the U.S., the manufacture and sale of our products are regulated by agencies such as the USDA, the FDA and the EPA. Most diagnostic tests for animal health applications, including our canine, feline, poultry and livestock tests, must be approved by the USDA prior to sale in the U.S. Our water testing products must be approved by the EPA before they can be used by customers in the U.S. as a part of a water quality monitoring program required by the EPA. Our pharmaceutical and dairy testing products require approval by the FDA. The manufacture and sale of our OPTI® line of human point-of-care electrolytes and blood gas analyzers are regulated by the FDA and require approval by the FDA before they may be sold commercially in the U.S. The manufacture and sale of our products are subject to similar laws in many foreign countries. Any failure to comply with legal and regulatory requirements relating to the manufacture and sale of our products in the U.S. or in other countries could result in fines and sanctions against us or removals of our products from the market, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our Success Is Heavily Dependent Upon Our Proprietary Technologies
We rely on a combination of patent, trade secret, trademark and copyright laws to protect our proprietary rights. If we do not have adequate protection of our proprietary rights, our business may be affected by competitors who develop substantially equivalent technologies that compete with us.
We cannot ensure that we will obtain issued patents, that any patents issued or licensed to us will remain valid, or that any patents owned or licensed by us will provide protection against competitors with similar technologies. Even if our patents cover products sold by our competitors, the time and expense of litigating to enforce our patent rights could be substantial, and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, expiration of patent rights could result in substantial new competition in the markets for products previously covered by those patent rights. In this regard, we expect that revenues and profit margins associated with sales of our SNAP® FIV/FeLV tests are likely to decline following the expiration in June 2009 of a U.S. patent that we exclusively license that broadly covers products that diagnose feline immunodeficiency virus.
In the past, we have received notices claiming that our products infringe third-party patents and we may receive such notices in the future. Patent litigation is complex and expensive, and the outcome of patent litigation can be difficult to predict. We cannot ensure that we will win a patent litigation case or negotiate an acceptable resolution of such a case. If we lose, we may be stopped from selling certain products and/or we may be required to pay damages and/or ongoing royalties as a result of the lawsuit. Any such adverse result could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Distributor Purchasing Patterns Could Negatively Affect Our Operating Results
We sell many of our products, including substantially all of the rapid assays and instrument consumables sold in the U.S., through distributors. Distributor purchasing patterns can be unpredictable and may be influenced by factors unrelated to the end-user demand for our products. In addition, our agreements with distributors may generally be terminated by the distributors for any reason on 60 days notice. Because significant product sales are made to a limited number of distributors, the loss of a distributor or unanticipated changes in the frequency, timing or size of distributor purchases, could have a negative effect on our results of operations. Our financial performance, therefore, is subject to an unexpected downturn in product demand and may be unpredictable.
Distributors of veterinary products have entered into business combinations resulting in fewer distribution companies. Consolidation within distribution channels would increase our customer concentration level, which could increase the risks described in the preceding paragraph.
Increased Competition and Technological Advances by Our Competitors Could Negatively Affect Our Operating Results
We face intense competition within the markets in which we sell our products and services. We expect that future competition will become even more intense, and that we will have to compete with changing and improving technologies. Competitors may develop products that that are superior to our products, and as a result, we may lose existing customers and market share. Some of our competitors and potential competitors, including large human pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies, have substantially greater financial resources than us, and greater experience in manufacturing, marketing, research and development, obtaining regulatory approvals and conducting clinical trials than we do.

 

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Changes in Testing Could Negatively Affect Our Operating Results
The market for our companion and production animal diagnostic tests and our dairy and water testing products could be negatively impacted by a number of factors. The introduction or broad market acceptance of vaccines or preventatives for the diseases and conditions for which we sell diagnostic tests and services could result in a decline in testing. Changes in accepted medical protocols regarding the diagnosis of certain diseases and conditions could have a similar effect. Eradication or substantial declines in the prevalence of certain diseases also could lead to a decline in diagnostic testing for such diseases. Our production animal products business in particular is subject to fluctuations resulting from changes in disease prevalence. In addition, changes in government regulations could negatively affect sales of our products that are driven by compliance testing, such as our dairy and water products. Declines in testing for any of the reasons described could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
On December 29, 2006, the Drinking Water Inspectorate in the U.K. published a proposal to discontinue the regulation that requires testing water supplies for Cryptosporidium. Subsequently, regulatory changes were approved and will become effective January 1, 2009. Beginning in 2009, we believe that we may lose a substantial portion of our sales of Filta-Max® products in England and Wales, which were $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Consolidation of Veterinary Hospitals Could Negatively Affect Our Business
An increasing percentage of veterinary hospitals in the U.S. are owned by corporations that are in the business of acquiring veterinary hospitals and/or opening new veterinary hospitals nationally or regionally. Major corporate hospital owners in the U.S. include VCA Antech, Inc. and Banfield, The Pet Hospital, both of which are currently customers of IDEXX. A similar trend is developing in the U.K. and may in the future also develop in other countries. Corporate owners of veterinary hospitals could attempt to improve profitability by leveraging the buying power they derive from their scale to obtain favorable pricing from suppliers, which could have a negative impact on our results. In addition, certain corporate owners, most notably VCA Antech, our primary competitor in the U.S. market for reference laboratory services, also operate reference laboratories that serve both their hospitals and unaffiliated hospitals. Any hospitals acquired by these companies are likely to use their laboratory services almost exclusively. In addition, because these companies compete with us in the laboratory services business, hospitals acquired by these companies may cease to be customers or potential customers of our other companion animal products and services.
Our Inexperience in the Human Point-of-Care Market Could Inhibit Our Success in this Market
Upon acquiring the Critical Care Division of Osmetech plc in January 2007, we entered the human point-of-care medical diagnostics market for the first time with the sale of the OPTI® line of electrolyte and blood gas analyzers. The human point-of-care medical diagnostics market differs in many respects from the veterinary medical market. Significant differences include the impact of third party reimbursement on diagnostic testing, more extensive regulation, greater product liability risks, larger competitors, a more segmented customer base, and more rapid technological innovation. Our inexperience in the human point-of-care medical diagnostics market could negatively affect our ability to successfully manage the risks and features of this market that differ from the veterinary medical market. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in achieving growth and profitability in the human point-of-care medical diagnostics market comparable to the results we have achieved in the veterinary medical market.

 

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Risks Associated with Doing Business Internationally Could Negatively Affect Our Operating Results
For the year ended December 31, 2007, 40% of our revenue was attributable to sales of products and services to customers outside the U.S. Various risks associated with foreign operations may impact our international sales. Possible risks include fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies, disruptions in transportation of our products, the differing product and service needs of foreign customers, difficulties in building and managing foreign operations, import/export duties and quotas, and unexpected regulatory, economic or political changes in foreign markets. Prices that we charge to foreign customers may be different than the prices we charge for the same products in the U.S. due to competitive, market or other factors. As a result, the mix of domestic and international sales in a particular period could have a material impact on our results for that period. In addition, many of the products for which our selling price may be denominated in foreign currencies are manufactured, sourced, or both, in the U.S. and our costs are incurred in U.S. dollars. We utilize non-speculative forward currency exchange contracts and natural hedges to mitigate foreign currency exposure. However, an appreciation of the U.S. dollar relative to the foreign currencies in which we sell these products would reduce our operating margins.
The Loss of Our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman Could Adversely Affect Our Business
We rely on the management and leadership of Jonathan W. Ayers, our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. We do not maintain key man life insurance coverage for Mr. Ayers. The loss of Mr. Ayers could have a material adverse impact on our business.
We Could Be Subject to Class Action Litigation Due to Stock Price Volatility, which, if it Occurs, Could Result in Substantial Costs or Large Judgments Against Us
The market for our common stock may experience extreme price and volume fluctuations, which may be unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance or prospects. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market prices of their securities. We may be the target of similar litigation in the future. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, which could have a negative effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
If Our Quarterly Results of Operations Fluctuate, This Fluctuation May Cause Our Stock Price to Decline, Resulting in Losses to You
Our prior operating results have fluctuated due to a number of factors, including seasonality of certain product lines; changes in our accounting estimates; the impact of acquisitions; timing of distributor purchases, product launches, operating expenditures, litigation and claim-related expenditures; changes in competitors’ product offerings; and other matters. Similarly, our future operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to these and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. If our operating results or projections of future operating results do not meet the expectations of market analysts or investors in future periods, our stock price may fall.
Future Operating Results Could Be Negatively Affected By the Resolution of Various Uncertain Tax Positions and by Potential Changes to Tax Incentives
In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. We periodically assess our exposures related to our worldwide provision for income taxes and believe that we have appropriately accrued taxes for contingencies. Any reduction of these contingent liabilities or additional assessment would increase or decrease income, respectively, in the period such determination was made. Our income tax filings are regularly under audit by tax authorities and the final determination of tax audits could be materially different than that which is reflected in historical income tax provisions and accruals. Additionally, we benefit from certain tax incentives offered by various jurisdictions. If we are unable to meet the requirements of such incentives, our inability to use these benefits could have a material negative effect on future earnings.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.

 

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our worldwide headquarters is located on a 65-acre site in Westbrook, Maine where we occupy a 350,000 square foot building utilized for manufacturing, research and development, marketing, sales and general and administrative support functions. We are currently adding approximately 200,000 square feet of space to the building which will be predominantly used for manufacturing and product warehousing. We are also upgrading portions of this building to expand research and development and laboratory space.
Additional property ownership and leasing arrangements with approximate square footage, purpose and location are as follows:
Additional Properties Owned:
    40,000 square feet of office and laboratory space located in the U.S., used for our Veterinary Reference Laboratory and Consulting Services business
 
    23,000 square feet of office and laboratory space located in the U.K., used for our Veterinary Reference Laboratory and Consulting Services business
 
    13,125 square feet of office and laboratory space located in Canada, used for our Veterinary Reference Laboratory and Consulting Services business
Additional Properties Leased:
    308,000 total square feet of office and laboratory space located throughout the world, used for our Veterinary Reference Laboratory and Consulting Services business
 
    135,000 square feet of office space in Maine for Corporate, Customer Service and IT support services
 
    97,500 square feet of industrial space in Tennessee for distribution and warehousing
 
    60,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Georgia related to our OPTI Medical Systems business
 
    75,000 square feet of industrial space in the Netherlands for distribution and warehousing
 
    46,000 square feet of office space in the Netherlands which serves as our European headquarters
 
    43,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Wisconsin related to our Practice Information Systems and Services business
 
    32,700 total square feet of office and manufacturing space in France and Switzerland related to our Production Animal business
 
    21,000 square feet of office and research and development space in North Carolina related to our Veterinary Pharmaceuticals business
 
    7,600 square feet of office and manufacturing space in the U.K. related to our Water business
We consider that our owned and leased properties are generally in good condition, are well-maintained, and are generally suitable and adequate to carry on our business.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On June 30, 2006, Cyntegra, Inc. filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging that we had violated U.S. federal antitrust laws and California state unfair trade practices laws. The complaint alleged, among other things, that we were monopolizing the U.S. market for companion animal diagnostic products. On October 26, 2007 the Court granted summary judgment in our favor on all of Cyntegra’s claims and dismissed the suit. Cyntegra has appealed this decision. We will continue to defend ourselves vigorously, as we believe Cyntegra’s claims are without merit.

 

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ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
Our executive officers at February 23, 2008 were as follows:
             
Name   Age   Title
 
           
Jonathan W. Ayers
    51     Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive
     Officer
William C. Wallen, PhD
    64     Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer
Conan R. Deady
    46     Corporate Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Thomas J. Dupree
    39     Corporate Vice President
S. Sam Fratoni, PhD
    60     Corporate Vice President
William B. Goodspeed
    49     Corporate Vice President
Irene C. Kerr
    58     Corporate Vice President
Ali Naqui, PhD
    54     Corporate Vice President
James F. Polewaczyk
    44     Corporate Vice President
Merilee Raines
    52     Corporate Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Michael J. Williams, PhD
    40     Corporate Vice President
Mr. Ayers has been Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President of IDEXX since January 2002. Prior to joining IDEXX, from 1999 to 2001, Mr. Ayers was President of Carrier Corporation, the then-largest business unit of United Technologies Corporation, and from 1997 to 1999, he was President of Carrier’s Asia Pacific Operations. From 1995 to 1997, Mr. Ayers was Vice President, Strategic Planning at United Technologies. Before joining United Technologies, from 1986 to 1995, Mr. Ayers held various positions at Morgan Stanley & Co. in mergers and acquisitions and corporate finance. Prior to Morgan Stanley, Mr. Ayers was a strategy consultant for Bain & Company from 1983 to 1986 and was in the field sales organization of IBM’s Data Processing Division from 1978 to 1981. Mr. Ayers holds an undergraduate degree in molecular biophysics and biochemistry from Yale University and graduated from Harvard Business School in 1983.
Dr. Wallen has been Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer of the Company and has been leading the Pharmaceutical Products business since September 2003. Prior to joining IDEXX, Dr. Wallen held various positions with Bayer Corporation, most recently as Senior Vice President, Research and Development, and Head, Office of Technology for the Diagnostics Division of Bayer Healthcare. From 2001 to 2003, Dr. Wallen served as Senior Vice President and Head of Research, Nucleic Acid Diagnostics Segment; from 1999 to 2001, as Senior Vice President of Research and Development Laboratory Testing Segment; and from 1993 to 1999, as Vice President of Research and Development, Immunodiagnostic and Clinical Chemistry Business Units. Before joining Bayer Corporation, from 1990 to 1993, Dr. Wallen was Vice President, Research and Development at Becton Dickinson Advanced Diagnostics.
Mr. Deady has been Corporate Vice President and General Counsel of the Company since 1999 and has been leading the Company’s business development activities since April 2005. Mr. Deady was Deputy General Counsel of the Company from 1997 to 1999. Before joining the Company in 1997, Mr. Deady was Deputy General Counsel of Thermo Electron Corporation (now Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), a provider of analytical and laboratory products and services. Previously, Mr. Deady was a partner at Hale and Dorr LLP (now Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP).

 

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Mr. Dupree has been Corporate Vice President of the Company since September 2006 and has been leading the Companion Animal Group Customer Facing Organization in North America since January 2007. Mr. Dupree was General Manager of the Company’s Rapid Assay business from April 2005 to January 2007. Prior to that, Mr. Dupree was Vice President, Business Development. Before joining the Company in 2003, Mr. Dupree was employed at the Boston Consulting Group, a business strategy consulting firm, where he spent seven years leading project teams in the firm’s technology and health care practices. Prior to that, Mr. Dupree held various management positions at Bath Iron Works Corporation.
Dr. Fratoni has been Corporate Vice President of the Company since May 1997 and has been leading the Practice Information Management Systems business since November 2000. Dr. Fratoni was Chief Information Officer from November 2000 until May 2007 and led the Company’s Food and Environmental Group from July 1999 to December 2000. From May 1997 to July 1999, Dr. Fratoni was Vice President of Human Resources of the Company, and from October 1996 to May 1997, he was Director of Business Development for the Food and Environmental Group. Before joining the Company in October 1996, Dr. Fratoni held various positions with Hewlett-Packard Company.
Mr. Goodspeed joined IDEXX as Corporate Vice President in July 2007 and oversees the Company’s Production Animal, Water and Dairy businesses. Prior to joining the Company, from 1994 to 2007, Mr. Goodspeed held various positions at J.M. Huber Corporation, a privately held company in the chemicals, food ingredients, building products, energy and timber industries, most recently as Sector CEO for Natural Resources and Technology-based Services.
Ms. Kerr joined IDEXX as Corporate Vice President, Worldwide Operations in December 2006. Prior to joining IDEXX, Ms. Kerr led strategic initiatives and investments at MDS, Inc., Canada’s largest health and life sciences company. From 1993 to 1999, Ms. Kerr was employed at Bayer Diagnostics, most recently as Senior Vice President of Group Development, and, prior to that, as Senior Vice President of the Clinical Chemistry and Immunodiagnostics Business Units. Ms. Kerr was employed by Abbott Laboratories from 1983 to 1993, initially in Corporate Planning and subsequently as General Manager of Drugs and Drug Delivery Systems in the Hospital Products Division and then as Vice President and General Manager of several global business units and sectors in the Diagnostics Division. Prior to joining Abbott, Ms. Kerr was a general management consultant with Booz Allen & Hamilton.
Dr. Naqui has been Corporate Vice President of the Company since January 2006 and has overseen the Company’s international commercial operations since December 2007 and its Asia Pacific and Latin America operations since January 2006. Dr. Naqui led the Company’s Water and Dairy businesses from January 2000 to December 2007. He was General Manager, Water from September 1997 to January 2000, and Director of Research and Development from February 1993 to September 1997. Dr. Naqui joined the Company in 1993 as a result of the acquisition of Environetics, where he was the Director of Research and Development. Prior to joining Environetics, he was a research and development manager with Becton, Dickinson and Company.
Mr. Polewaczyk joined IDEXX as Corporate Vice President in February 2007 and oversees the Company’s Rapid Assay and Digital lines of businesses. Before joining IDEXX, Mr. Polewaczyk was employed from 2001 at Philips Medical Systems, a subsidiary of Royal Philips Electronics, The Netherlands, as General Manager of their Medical Consumables and Sensors Business. Prior to that Mr. Polewaczyk spent fifteen years at Hewlett-Packard in a variety of senior marketing and product development roles.
Ms. Raines has been Chief Financial Officer of the Company since October 2003 and Corporate Vice President, Finance of the Company since May 1995. Ms. Raines served as Vice President, Finance from March 1995 to May 1995, Director of Finance from 1988 to March 1995 and Controller from 1985 to 1988.
Dr. Williams has been Corporate Vice President of the Company since September 2006 and General Manager of the Companion Animal Instrument and Consumables business since 2004. Dr. Williams has overseen the OPTI Medical Systems business since its acquisition in February 2007. Dr. Williams was Vice President and General Manager of the Company’s chemistry instruments and consumables business from 2003 to 2004. Prior to joining the Company in 2003, Dr. Williams was a healthcare strategy consultant at McKinsey & Company from 1995 to 2002 and a senior research associate at the Scripps Research Institute from 1992 to 1995.

 

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PART II
ITEM 5.   MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol IDXX. The table below shows the high and low sale prices per share of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market for the years 2007 and 2006. Information prior to November 26, 2007 has been adjusted to reflect the two-for-one stock split with respect to the Company’s outstanding common stock effective as of such date.
                 
Calendar Year   High     Low  
 
               
2007
               
First Quarter
  $ 44.08     $ 39.10  
Second Quarter
    47.97       42.96  
Third Quarter
    57.94       47.38  
Fourth Quarter
    64.22       53.71  
 
               
2006
               
First Quarter
  $ 43.18     $ 35.50  
Second Quarter
    42.75       37.07  
Third Quarter
    47.18       36.35  
Fourth Quarter
    47.58       39.60  
Holders of Common Stock
At February 15, 2008, there were 856 holders of record of our common stock.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
During the three months ended December 31, 2007, we repurchased our shares as described below:
                                 
                    Total Number of        
                    Shares Purchased as     Maximum Number of  
                    Part of Publicly     Shares that May Yet Be  
    Total Number of     Average Price     Announced Plans or     Purchased Under the  
    Shares Purchased     Paid per Share     Programs     Plans or Programs  
Period   (a)     (b)     (c)     (d)  
 
                               
October 1, 2007 to October 31, 2007
    9,600     $ 54.83       9,600       3,160,700  
November 1, 2007 to November 30, 2007
    139,986       61.22       139,986       3,020,714  
December 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007
    168,683       59.66       168,460       2,852,254  
 
                           
Total
    318,269     $ 60.20       318,046       2,852,254  
 
                           
Our board of directors has approved the repurchase of up to 40,000,000 shares of our common stock in the open market or in negotiated transactions. The plan was approved and announced on August 13, 1999, and subsequently amended on October 4, 1999, November 16, 1999, July 21, 2000, October 20, 2003, October 12, 2004, October 12, 2005, February 14, 2007, and February 13, 2008 and does not have a specified expiration date. There were no other repurchase plans outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2007, and no repurchase plans expired during the period. Repurchases of 2,577,000 shares were made during the year ended December 31, 2007 in open market transactions.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we received 10,600 shares of our common stock that were surrendered by employees in payment for the minimum required withholding taxes due on the vesting of restricted stock units and settlement of deferred stock units. In the above table, these shares are included in columns (a) and (b), but excluded from columns (c) and (d). These shares do not reduce the number of shares that may yet be purchased under the repurchase plan.

 

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Dividends
We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock. From time to time our board of directors may consider the declaration of a dividend. However, we have no present intention to pay a dividend.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
                         
    December 31, 2007  
                    Number of Securities  
                    Remaining Available for  
    Number of Securities     Weighted Average     Future Issuance Under Equity  
    to be Issued Upon Exercise     Exercise Price of     Compensation Plans  
    of Outstanding Options,     Outstanding Options,     (Excluding Securities  
    Warrants and Rights     Warrants and Rights     Reflected in Column (a))  
Plan Category   (a)     (b)     (c)  
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
    5,943,939 (1)   $ 22.07       3,437,459 (2)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holder
                 
 
(1)   Consists of shares of common stock subject to outstanding options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units under the following compensation plans: 1991 stock option plan (1,170,527 shares), 1998 stock incentive plan (1,696,602 shares), 2000 director option plan (55,250 shares) and 2003 stock incentive plan (3,021,560 shares). Excludes 143,171 shares issuable under the 1997 employee stock purchase plan in connection with the current and future offering periods.
 
(2)   Includes 3,294,288 shares available for issuance under our 2003 stock incentive plan. The 2003 stock incentive plan provides for the issuance of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock unit awards and other stock unit awards. Also includes 143,171 shares issuable under our 1997 employee stock purchase plan in connection with the current and future offering periods. No new grants may be made under the other plans listed in footnote (1) except for the 2003 stock incentive plan.

 

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Stock Performance Graph
This graph compares our total stockholder returns, the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) MidCap 400 Health Care Index, the S&P SmallCap 600 Health Care Index and the Total Return Index for the NASDAQ Stock Market (U.S. Companies) prepared by the Center for Research in Security Prices (the “NASDAQ Index”). This graph assumes the investment of $100 on December 31, 2002 in IDEXX’s common stock, the S&P MidCap 400 Health Care Index, the S&P SmallCap 600 Health Care Index and the NASDAQ Index and assumes dividends, if any, are reinvested. Measurement points are the last trading days of the years ended December 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
(LINE GRAPH)
                                                 
    12/31/2002     12/31/2003     12/31/2004     12/30/2005     12/29/2006     12/31/2007  
 
                                               
IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.
  $ 100.00     $ 140.93     $ 166.26     $ 219.18     $ 241.47     $ 357.06  
S&P MidCap 400 Health Care Index
    100.00       145.03       166.71       196.36       194.09       218.39  
S&P SmallCap 600 Health Care Index
    100.00       131.31       160.73       178.35       193.56       229.83  
NASDAQ Index
    100.00       149.52       162.72       166.18       182.57       197.98  

 

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial data of the Company for each of the five years ending with December 31, 2007. The selected consolidated financial data presented below have been derived from the Company’s consolidated financial statements. These financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
                                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    (in thousands, except per share data)  
    2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  
INCOME STATEMENT DATA:
                                       
Revenue
  $ 922,555     $ 739,117     $ 638,095     $ 549,181     $ 475,992  
Cost of revenue
    459,033       359,588       315,195       270,164       245,688  
 
                             
Gross profit
    463,522       379,529       322,900       279,017       230,304  
Expenses:
                                       
Sales and marketing
    151,882       115,882       101,990       85,710       71,846  
General and administrative
    108,119       82,097       64,631       49,870       45,752  
Research and development
    67,338       53,617       40,948       35,402       32,319  
 
                             
Income from operations
    136,183       127,933       115,331       108,035       80,387  
Interest income (expense), net
    (1,340 )     2,817       3,141       3,068       2,867  
 
                             
Income before provision for income taxes and partner’s interest
    134,843       130,750       118,472       111,103       83,254  
Provision for income taxes
    40,829       37,224       40,670       33,165       26,278  
Partner’s interest in loss of subsidiary
          (152 )     (452 )     (394 )     (114 )
 
                             
Net income
  $ 94,014     $ 93,678     $ 78,254     $ 78,332     $ 57,090  
 
                             
 
                                       
Earnings per share(1):
                                       
Basic
  $ 1.53     $ 1.49       1.20     $ 1.14     $ 0.83  
Diluted
    1.46       1.42       1.15       1.09       0.79  
Weighted average shares outstanding(1):
                                       
Basic
    61,560       62,866       65,043       68,428       68,542  
Diluted
    64,455       65,907       68,109       71,601       71,862  
 
                                       
Dividends paid
  $     $     $     $     $  
 
                                       
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
                                       
Cash and investments
  $ 60,360     $ 96,666       132,731       156,959       255,787  
Working capital
    82,271       177,520       192,679       201,640       270,244  
Total assets
    702,179       559,560       490,676       514,237       521,875  
Total debt
    78,683       7,125       551       1,810       494  
Stockholders’ equity
    438,323       409,861       369,010       397,660       413,292  
 
(1)   Share and per share amounts originally reported for 2006, 2005, 2004 and 2003 have been adjusted as appropriate to reflect the effect of a two-for-one stock split, which was effected in the form of a common stock dividend distributed on November 26, 2007.

 

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ITEM 7.   MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSES OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
During 2007, we operated primarily through three business segments: products and services for the veterinary market, which we refer to as our Companion Animal Group (“CAG”), water quality products (“Water”) and products for production animal health, which we refer to as the Production Animal Segment (“PAS”). We also operate two smaller segments that comprise products for dairy quality, which we refer to as Dairy, and products for the human medical diagnostic market, which we refer to as OPTI Medical. Financial information about the Dairy and OPTI Medical operating segments are combined and presented in an “Other” category because they do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for reportable segments. We added the OPTI Medical operating segment in connection with our acquisition of substantially all of the assets and assumption of certain liabilities of the Critical Care Division of Osmetech plc in January 2007. The segment information for the year ended December 31, 2005 has been restated to conform to our presentation of reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. Previously, PAS and Dairy were aggregated into a single reportable segment, which we referred to as the Food Diagnostics Group. See Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for financial information about our segments, including geographic information, and about our product and service categories.
CAG develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes products and performs services for veterinarians. Water develops, designs, manufactures and distributes products to detect contaminants in water. PAS develops, designs, manufactures and distributes products to detect diseases in production animals. Dairy develops, designs, manufactures and distributes products to detect contaminants in dairy products. OPTI Medical develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes point-of-care electrolyte and blood gas analyzers and related consumable products for the human medical diagnostics market.
Items that are not allocated to our operating segments are comprised primarily of corporate research and development expenses, interest income and expense, and income taxes. Share-based compensation expense was also reported in “unallocated amounts” in 2006. Beginning in 2007, we allocate a portion of share-based compensation expense to the operating segments. This allocation differs from the actual expense and consequently yields a difference between the total allocated share-based compensation expense and the actual expense for the total company, which was categorized as “unallocated amounts.”
The following is a discussion of the strategic and operating factors that we believe have the most significant effect on the performance of our business.
Companion Animal Group
In the CAG segment, we believe we have developed a strategic advantage over companies with more narrow product or service offerings. The breadth and complementary nature of our products and services gives us scale in sales and distribution, permits us to offer integrated disease-management solutions that leverage the advantages of both point-of-care and outside laboratory testing, and facilitates the flow of medical and business information in the veterinary practice by connecting practice information software systems, including connecting the electronic health record with laboratory test data, in-clinic test data from our IDEXX VetLab® suite of analyzers, and radiographic data in the IDEXX-PACS™ software taken by our digital radiography systems.
In the U.S., we sell instrument consumables, rapid assay products and pharmaceutical products primarily through distributors, and, therefore, our reported sales of these products are sales made to distributors, rather than sales to veterinarians, the end users. Because distributors’ inventory levels and purchasing patterns may fluctuate, sales of a particular product line in a particular period may not always be representative of the underlying end-user demand for the product. Therefore, we closely track sales of these products by our U.S. distributors to the veterinarians which we refer to as practice-level sales. We believe these sales often provide a more accurate picture of the real growth rate for these products.
Instruments and Consumables. Our strategy in our IDEXX VetLab® instrument business is to provide veterinarians with an integrated set of instruments that, individually and together, provide superior diagnostic information in the clinic, enabling veterinarians to practice better medicine and, in doing so, achieve their practice economic objectives, including growth and profitability. We derive substantial revenues and margins from the sale of consumables that are used in these instruments. The principal instruments used by veterinarians for in-clinic diagnostic testing are chemistry and hematology analyzers. In addition we sell instruments used for endocrinology, blood gas, electrolytes, urinalysis, and blood coagulation testing. Our IDEXX VetLab® Station is an in-clinic laboratory information management system that records and integrates patient diagnostic information from our analyzers for better practice management.

 

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During the early stage of an instrument’s life cycle, we derive relatively greater revenues from instrument placements, while consumable sales become relatively more significant in later stages as the installed base of instruments increases and instrument placement revenues begin to decline. Instrument sales have significantly lower gross margins than sales of consumables, and therefore the mix of instrument and consumable sales in a particular period will impact our gross margins in this line of business.
We have an installed base of approximately 30,000 active VetTest® Chemistry Analyzers, and substantially all of our revenues from that product line are now derived from consumables sales, although we continue to place instruments through sales, lease, rental and other programs. Our long-term success in this area of our business is dependent upon new customer acquisition, customer retention and increased customer utilization of existing and new assays introduced on these instruments. To increase utilization, we seek to educate veterinarians about best medical practices that emphasize the importance of blood and urine chemistry testing for a variety of diagnostic purposes.
In the first quarter of 2008 we announced the launch of our next-generation chemistry analyzer, Catalyst Dx™. As a result of this launch, we expect that in 2008 we will derive a greater portion of our IDEXX VetLab® revenues from the sale of instruments than we have derived in recent years.
We purchase the consumables used in our VetTest® and Catalyst Dx™ Chemistry Analyzers from Ortho under a supply agreement that continues through 2025. This supply agreement provides us with a long-term source of slides at costs that improve annually through 2010, and also improve over the term of the agreement as a result of increasing volume.
Our principal hematology analyzer is the LaserCyte® Hematology Analyzer, and in addition we sell the VetAutoread™ Hematology Analyzer. A substantial portion of LaserCyte® placements have been made at veterinary clinics that already own our VetAutoread™ Hematology Analyzers. Although we have experienced growth in sales of hematology consumables, LaserCyte® consumable sales have been partly offset by declines in sales of VetAutoread™ consumables. Because the gross margin percentage of LaserCyte® consumables exceeds the gross margin percentage of the VetAutoread™ consumables, gross margin from hematology consumables is expected to increase with continued penetration of the LaserCyte® Hematology Analyzer.
With all of our instrument lines, we seek to differentiate our products based on breadth of diagnostic menu, flexibility of menu selection, accuracy, reliability, ease of use, ability to handle compromised samples, time to result, analytical capability of software, integration with the IDEXX VetLab® Station, education and training, and superior sales and customer service. Our instruments and consumables typically are sold at a premium price to competitive offerings. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to differentiate our products in a way that justifies premium pricing.
Rapid Assay Products. Our rapid assay business consists primarily of single-use kits for point-of-care testing and, to a limited degree, microwell-based kits for laboratory testing for canine and feline diseases and conditions. Our rapid assay strategy is to develop, manufacture, market and sell proprietary tests that address important medical needs for particular diseases prevalent in the companion animal population. We seek to differentiate our tests through superior performance, including by providing our customers with proprietary combination tests that test a single sample for multiple analytes. Where alternative point-of-care offerings exist, we seek to differentiate our tests with superior performance. As in our other lines of business, we also seek to differentiate our products through superior customer service. These products carry price premiums over competitive products that we believe do not offer equivalent performance and diagnostic capabilities, and which we believe do not include a similar level of support. We further augment our product development and customer service efforts with sales and marketing programs that enhance medical awareness and understanding regarding our target diseases and the importance of diagnostic testing.

 

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Veterinary Reference Laboratory and Consulting Services. We believe that more than half of all diagnostic testing by U.S. veterinarians is done at outside reference laboratories such as our IDEXX Reference Laboratories. In markets outside the U.S., in-clinic testing is less prevalent and an even greater percentage of diagnostic testing is done in reference laboratories. We attempt to differentiate our laboratory testing services from those of our competitors primarily on the basis of quality, customer service, technology employed and specialized test menu. Revenue growth in this business is achieved both through increased sales at existing laboratories and through the acquisition of new customers, including through laboratory acquisitions and opening new laboratories. In 2005, we acquired laboratories in Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and France and acquired veterinary laboratory customer lists in the U.S. and Germany. In 2006, we acquired laboratories in the U.S., South Africa, and Canada and acquired a veterinary laboratory customer list in the U.S. In 2007, we acquired laboratories in the U.S. and Canada and acquired veterinary laboratory customer lists in the U.S., Switzerland, and United Kingdom. Profitability of this business is largely the result of our ability to achieve efficiencies from both volume and operational improvements. New laboratories that we open typically will operate at a loss until testing volumes reach a level that permits profitability. Acquired laboratories frequently operate less profitably than our existing laboratories and those laboratories may not achieve profitability comparable to our existing laboratories for several years while we implement operating improvements and efficiencies. Therefore, in the short term, new and acquired reference laboratories generally will have a negative effect on the operating margin of the laboratory and consulting services business.
Practice Information Systems and Digital Radiography. These businesses consist of veterinary practice information systems including hardware and software and veterinary-specific digital radiography systems. Our strategy in the practice information systems business is to provide superior total software and hardware integrated information solutions, backed by superior customer support and education, to allow the veterinarian to practice better medicine and achieve the practice’s business objectives. We differentiate our software systems through enhanced functionality and ease of use. Our veterinary-specific digital radiography systems allow veterinarians to capture digital radiographs with ease and without the use of hazardous chemicals. The digital radiography systems also incorporate IDEXX-PACS™ picture archiving and communication software developed by IDEXX that allows for image enhancement, manipulation, storage and retrieval, and integration with the practice information software. Our strategy in digital radiography is to offer a system that provides superior image quality and software capability at a competitive price, backed by the same customer support provided for our other products and services in the Companion Animal Group.
Pharmaceutical Products. We currently offer pharmaceutical products to regulate feline diabetes, eradicate internal parasites, and treat lameness in horses. Our pharmaceutical strategy is to develop and commercialize proprietary pharmaceutical products for the veterinary market. We seek to differentiate our pharmaceutical products through ease of use, which in turn enhances customers’ compliance with prescribed treatment programs. Our product development efforts are focused on applying superior and proprietary delivery technologies to existing pharmaceutical compounds.
Water
Our strategy in the water testing business is to develop, manufacture, market and sell proprietary products with superior performance, supported by exceptional customer service. Our customers are primarily water utilities to whom strong relationships and customer support are very important. Over the past several years, the rate of growth of this product line has slowed as a result of market penetration by competitors and increased competition. International sales of water testing products represented 45% of total water product sales in 2007, and we expect that future growth in this business will be significantly dependent on our ability to increase international sales. Growth also will be dependent on our ability to enhance and broaden our product line. Most water microbiological testing is driven by regulation, and, in many countries, a test may not be used for regulatory testing unless it has been approved by the applicable regulatory body. As a result, we maintain an active regulatory program under which we are seeking regulatory approvals in a number of countries, primarily in Europe.

 

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Production Animal Segment
We develop, manufacture, market and sell a broad range of tests for various poultry, cattle and swine diseases and conditions, and have an active research and development and in-licensing program in this area. Our strategy is to offer proprietary tests with superior performance characteristics. Disease outbreaks are episodic and unpredictable, and certain diseases that are prevalent at one time may be substantially contained or eradicated at a later time. In response to outbreaks, testing initiatives may lead to exceptional demand for certain products in certain periods. Conversely, successful eradication programs may result in significantly decreased demand for certain products. The performance of this business, therefore, can be subject to fluctuation. In 2007, approximately 83% of our sales in this business were international. Because of the significant dependence of this business on international sales, the performance of the business is particularly subject to the various risks described above that are associated with doing business internationally.
Other
Dairy. Our strategy in the dairy testing business is to develop, manufacture and sell antibiotic residue testing products that satisfy applicable regulatory requirements for testing of bulk milk by producers and provide reliable field performance. The manufacture of these testing products leverage, almost exclusively, the SNAP® platform as well as the production equipment and lines of our rapid assay business, incorporating customized reagents for antibiotic detection. To successfully increase sales of dairy testing products, we believe that we need to increase penetration in geographies outside the U.S. and in the farm segment of the dairy market, and to develop product line enhancements and extensions.
OPTI Medical Systems. Our strategy in the OPTI Medical Systems business for the human market is to develop, manufacture, and sell electrolyte and blood gas analyzers and related consumable products for the medical point-of-care diagnostics market worldwide, with a focus on small- to mid-sized hospitals. We seek to differentiate our products based on ease of use, menu, convenience, international distribution and service, and instrument reliability. Similar to our veterinary instruments and consumables strategy, a substantial portion of the revenues from this product line is derived from the sale of consumables for use on the installed base of electrolyte and blood gas analyzers. During the early stage of an instrument’s life cycle, relatively greater revenues are derived from instrument placements, while consumable sales become relatively more significant in later stages as the installed base of instruments increases and instrument placement revenues begin to decline. Our long-term success in this area of our business is dependent upon new customer acquisition, customer retention and increased customer utilization of existing and new assays introduced on these instruments.
OPTI Medical Systems is also the supplier, including development and manufacturing, of our VetStat® Analyzer, an instrument and consumable system that is a member of the IDEXX VetLab for the veterinary market. In addition, OPTI Medical Systems provides the electrolyte module and dry slide reagents that make up the electrolyte testing functionality of Catalyst Dx™. Our strategy in the OPTI Medical Systems business for the veterinary market is to utilize this unit’s know-how, intellectual property and manufacturing capability to continue to expand the menu and instrument capability of the VetStat® Analyzer and Catalyst Dx™ platforms for veterinary applications.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 describes the significant accounting policies used in preparation of these consolidated financial statements.
We believe the following critical accounting estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on reported financial condition and operating performance and involve significant levels of judgment to account for highly uncertain matters or are susceptible to significant change.

 

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Revenue Recognition
Customer programs. We record estimated reductions to revenue in connection with customer marketing programs and incentive offerings that may give customers credits or award points. Award points may be applied to trade receivables owed to us and/or toward future purchases of our products or services. We establish accruals for estimated revenue reductions attributable to customer programs and incentive offerings for each program based on numerous factors, including:
    program design and award levels;
 
    forecasted purchasing patterns of those enrolled in the program based on historical experience with similar programs, current sales trends and market analyses;
 
    inventory levels of eligible products in the distribution channel; and
 
    estimated number of participants that will ultimately reach volume purchase thresholds.
Revenue reductions are recorded quarterly based on issuance of credits, points earned but not yet issued, and estimates of credits and points to be earned in the future based on current revenue. In our analysis, we utilize data supplied from distributors and collected in-house that details the volume of qualifying products purchased as well as price paid per clinic (“practice-level sales data”).
Our two most significant customer programs are Practice Developer® and SNAP® up the SavingsTM (“SUTS”), both of which are offered only to North American customers. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, we recorded revenue reductions of $6.6 million, $5.1 million and $4.8 million, respectively, related to our Practice Developer® program and $4.3 million, $4.9 million and $5.1 million, respectively, related to our SUTS program. At December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, the accrued revenue reductions were $12.0 million, $10.4 million and $7.1 million, respectively, for the Practice Developer® program and $1.2 million, $1.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively, for the SUTS program. Following is a summary of changes in the accrual for estimated revenue reductions attributable to customer programs and incentive offerings for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
Practice Developer®
                       
Balance, beginning of the year
  $ 10,399     $ 7,145     $ 3,862  
Current provision related to current period
    6,623       5,089       4,780  
Current provision (benefit) related to prior periods
    (228 )     112       21  
Issuance of points for SNAP® up the Savings™ program (1)
    4,703       5,010       5,145  
Issuance of points for other programs (1)
    4,855       3,099       1,468  
Actual points redeemed
    (14,398 )     (10,056 )     (8,131 )
 
                 
Balance, end of year
  $ 11,954     $ 10,399     $ 7,145  
 
                 
 
                       
SNAP® up the Savings™
                       
Balance, beginning of the year
  $ 1,429     $ 1,422     $ 2,176  
Current provision related to current period
    4,334       4,936       5,070  
Current provision (benefit) related to prior periods
    95       81       (38 )
Credits issued
                (641 )
Issuance of points for SNAP® up the Savings™ program (1)
    (4,703 )     (5,010 )     (5,145 )
 
                 
Balance, end of year
  $ 1,155     $ 1,429     $ 1,422  
 
                 
 
                       
Other Customer Programs
                       
Balance, beginning of the year
  $ 2,184     $ 1,416     $ 1,678  
Current provision related to current period
    6,031       5,236       2,054  
Current provision (benefit) related to prior periods
    (85 )     (169 )     7  
Issuance of points for other programs (1)
    (4,855 )     (3,099 )     (1,468 )
Actual credits issued
    (1,357 )     (1,228 )     (821 )
Exchange impact on balances denominated in foreign currency
    80       28       (34 )
 
                 
Balance, end of year
  $ 1,998     $ 2,184     $ 1,416  
 
                 
 
(1)   SNAP® up the Savings™ and certain other customer program liabilities are settled through the issuance of Practice Developer® points.

 

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Our Practice Developer® program is a Companion Animal Group awards program that permits customers to earn points by purchasing quarterly minimums in certain product and service categories, including IDEXX Reference Laboratories services, VetTest® slides, VetTest® Snapreader reagents, LaserCyte® tubes, Feline and Canine SNAP® tests, and service and maintenance agreements. Points may then be applied against the purchase price for IDEXX products and services purchased in the future or applied to trade receivables due to us. SUTS is our volume incentive program for selected SNAP® tests that provides customers with benefits in the form of (1) discounts off invoice at the time of purchase and (2) points under the Practice Developer® program awarded quarterly throughout the SUTS program year (which ends on August 31) based on total purchase volume of qualified SNAP® products during the year.
For the Practice Developer program, the accrued revenue reduction is calculated each quarter based on sales to end users during the quarter by either us or our distributors and on our estimate of future points to be issued upon sale of applicable product inventories held by distributors at the end of the quarter. As points are redeemed we recognize the benefit of points expected to expire, or breakage, using historical forfeiture rates. On November 30 of each year, unused points granted before January 1 of the prior year expire and any variance from the breakage estimate is accounted for as a change in estimate.
Under the SUTS program, commencing September 1, 2007, customers receive a 5% rebate of their purchase price if they purchase a minimum volume of products, either from us or our distributors. We cannot be certain what percentage of customers will purchase the minimum volume of products until that program year has ended. At the beginning of the program year, we develop an estimate of the percentage of customers that we expect to meet the minimum purchase threshold over the program period based on program enrollee purchasing patterns, historical experience with similar programs, current sales trends, and marketing analysis. The percentage of customers expected to meet the minimum purchase threshold is adjusted quarterly during the program year based on our experience with the program and finalized when the program year ends in August. The 5% revenue reduction is calculated quarterly based on the applicable gross sales during the period, at end-user prices, and the estimated percentage of end users that are expected to meet the minimum purchase threshold by the end of the program year. The accrued revenue reduction also includes our estimate of future points to be issued upon sale of applicable product inventories held by distributors at the end of the quarter.
If the estimated percentage of customers expected to meet the minimum purchase threshold required to receive the 5% rebate under the SUTS program were to increase or decrease by 5%, we would be required to further reduce revenue or increase revenue, respectively, by $0.1 million.
Doubtful accounts receivable. We recognize revenue only in those situations where collection from the customer is reasonably assured. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We base our estimates on detailed analysis of specific customer situations and a percentage of our accounts receivable by aging category. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances might be required. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when we believe the receivable will not be recovered. Write-offs of customer accounts during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, were $0.7 million, $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
Inventory Valuation
We write down inventory for estimated obsolescence when warranted by estimates of future demand, market conditions, and remaining shelf life. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those we estimated, additional inventory write-downs may be required, which would have a negative effect on results of operations. Certain major components of inventory for which we have made critical valuation judgments are discussed in more detail below.
LaserCyte® Hematology Analyzer. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, $2.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of inventory associated with our LaserCyte® hematology instrument required rework before it could be used to manufacture finished goods, which was net of $1.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of write-downs for inventory estimated to be obsolete. We determined write-downs based on our estimate of the costs to rework inventory compared to replacement cost and the probability of success, primarily based on historical experience. We expect to fully realize our net investment in this inventory. However, if we are unsuccessful reworking this inventory, if we revise our judgment of our ability to successfully rework inventory due to new experience in reworking this inventory, or if we alter the design of this product, we may be required to write off some or all of the remaining associated inventory.

 

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Nitazoxanide. At December 31, 2006, our inventories included $9.3 million of inventory associated with Navigator®, our nitazoxanide product for the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. This inventory consisted of $0.2 million of finished goods and $9.1 million of active ingredient and other raw materials. We have an agreement with our supplier of nitazoxanide under which the supplier agreed until 2017 to replace any expiring inventory of nitazoxanide with longer-dated material. During 2007, we recognized a write-down of nitazoxanide raw materials inventory of $9.1 million and a write-off of a prepaid royalty license of $1.0 million associated with Navigator®. Our analysis of the realizability of these assets was triggered upon our receipt of notice from the third-party contract manufacturer of finished goods that it would discontinue manufacturing the product in 2009. Because of the low production volume of Navigator®, we believed that we would not be able to enter into a replacement manufacturing arrangement on economically feasible terms, and therefore we would not be able to obtain the product after termination of the existing manufacturing arrangement. Accordingly, we evaluated our associated inventory for obsolescence based on our changed estimates of product availability and estimated future demand and market conditions. This inventory comprised $9.1 million of active ingredient and other raw materials, for which we recognized a full write-down during 2007. At December 31, 2007, this inventory, net of reserves, comprised less than $0.1 million of finished goods. Sales of Navigator® were $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Valuation of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
A significant portion of the purchase price for acquired businesses is assigned to intangible assets. Intangible assets other than goodwill are initially valued at the lesser of fair value or, if applicable, fair value proportionately reduced by the excess of the fair value of acquired net assets over the purchase price (collectively, “fair value”) of the acquired business. If a market value is not readily available, the fair value of the intangible asset is estimated based on discounted cash flows using market participant assumptions, which are assumptions that are not specific to IDEXX. The selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and the estimation of discounted cash flows require significant assumptions about the timing and amounts of future cash flows, risks, appropriate discount rates, and the useful lives of intangible assets. When deemed appropriate by management, we utilize independent valuation experts to advise and assist us in allocating the purchase prices for acquired businesses to the fair values of the identified intangible assets and in determining appropriate amortization methods and periods for those intangible assets. Goodwill is initially valued based on the excess of the purchase price of a business combination over the fair values of acquired net assets.
We assess goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or circumstances indicate an impairment may exist, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS No. 142”). For impairment testing, the fair values of the reporting units that include goodwill are estimated using a discounted cash flow approach. The cash flows used contain our best estimates, using appropriate and customary assumptions and projections at the time. Because our pharmaceutical business is still substantially in an investment stage, the determination of the fair value of this business unit requires significant assumptions about the timing and amounts of the unit’s future cash flows, including assumptions about the markets for our products and proprietary technologies, the future success of research and development activities, the attainment and timing of regulatory approvals to manufacture and sell new products, the introduction and success of competitive products by other market participants, and other business risks. Changes in forecast cash flows or the discount rate would affect the estimated fair values of reporting units and could result in a goodwill impairment charge in a future period. However, a 25% decrease in the current estimated fair value of any of our reporting units would not result in a goodwill impairment charge for any of our reporting units that include goodwill. No impairments were identified as a result of the annual or event-driven reviews during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 or 2005.
We assessed goodwill attributable to our pharmaceutical business for impairment at June 30, 2007 due to the matters discussed above and the resulting Nitazoxanide inventory write-down and prepaid royalty license impairment charge. The goodwill attributable to our pharmaceutical business of $13.7 million was not impaired at June 30, 2007, or subsequently, when evaluated as part of the annual assessment.

 

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We assess the realizability of intangible assets other than goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (“SFAS No. 144”). If an impairment review is triggered, we evaluate the carrying value of intangible assets based on estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the remaining useful life of the assets and comparing that value to the carrying value of the assets. The cash flows that are used contain our best estimates, using appropriate and customary assumptions and projections at the time. No impairments were identified during the years ended December 31, 2006 or 2005.
During 2007, we recognized an impairment charge to write off a prepaid royalty license of $1.0 million associated with Navigator® paste. We also recognized a related inventory write-down and the circumstances are described in the above discussion of critical accounting estimates and assumptions used in inventory valuation and in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on our changed estimates of product availability and estimated future demand and market conditions, we determined that we would not realize our investment in prepaid royalties and, therefore, fully expensed this asset. No other impairments were identified during the year ended December 31, 2007.
Share-Based Compensation
We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS No. 123(R)”) on January 1, 2006. Beginning in 2006, we modified our share-based employee compensation programs to shift from the grant of stock options and employee stock purchase rights only to the grant of a mix of restricted stock units and stock options, along with employee stock purchase rights. There were no modifications to the terms of outstanding options during 2007 or 2006.
In connection with the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), we adopted the straight-line method to prospectively expense share-based awards granted subsequent to December 31, 2005. The graded-vesting, or accelerated, method has been used to calculate the expense for stock options granted prior to January 1, 2006. If the total fair value of share-based compensation awards, as well as other features that impact expense, including forfeitures and capitalization of costs, was consistent from year-to-year in each of the last five years and through 2010, this change in expense method from graded-vesting to straight-line expensing would yield decreasing annual expense through 2010 until awards granted prior to January 1, 2006 were fully expensed. However, the total fair value of future awards may vary significantly from past awards based on a number of factors, including our share-based award practices. Therefore, share-based compensation expense is likely to fluctuate, possibly significantly, from year to year.
The fair value of options, restricted stock units, deferred stock units with vesting conditions, and employee stock purchase rights awarded during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 totaled $18.2 million, $11.9 million and $15.7 million, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation cost for unvested share-based compensation awards outstanding at December 31, 2007, before consideration of estimated forfeitures, was $24.2 million. The weighted average remaining expense recognition period is approximately 2.0 years.
The weighted average valuation assumptions used to determine the fair value of each option grant on the date of grant were as follows:
                 
    For the     For the  
    Year Ended     Year Ended  
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2007     2006  
 
               
Expected stock price volatility
    29 %     30 %
Expected term, in years
    5.0       5.0  
Risk-free interest rate
    4.7 %     4.6 %
We use the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model to determine the fair value of options granted. Option-pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, particularly for the expected stock price volatility and the expected term of options. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate. Our expected stock price volatility assumptions are based on the historical volatility of our stock over periods that are similar to the expected terms of grants and other relevant factors. Lower estimated volatility reduces the fair value of an option. The total fair value of options awarded during the year ended December 31, 2007 ($7.4 million) would have increased or decreased by approximately 7% if the stock price volatility assumption were increased or decreased by 10%, respectively. The total cost recognized for options awarded during the year ended December 31, 2007 would have increased or decreased by $0.1 million if the stock price volatility assumption were increased or decreased by 10%, respectively.

 

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To develop the expected term assumption for 2007 and 2006 option awards, we elected to use the simplified method described in the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, which is based on vesting and contractual terms. The application of the simplified method is allowable for options granted through December 31, 2007. We will transition to developing expected term assumptions for future awards based on historical experience and other relevant factors concerning expected employee behavior with regard to option exercise. Longer expected term assumptions increase the fair value of option awards, and therefore increase the expense recognized per award. The total fair value of options awarded during the year ended December 31, 2007 ($7.4 million) would have increased by approximately 12% or decreased by approximately 9% if the expected term assumption were increased or decreased by one year, respectively. The total cost recognized for options awarded during the year ended December 31, 2007 would have increased by $0.2 million or decreased by $0.1 million if the expected term assumption were increased or decreased by one year, respectively.
Share-based compensation expense is based on the number of awards ultimately expected to vest and is, therefore, reduced for an estimate of the number of awards that are expected to be forfeited. The forfeiture estimates are based on historical data and other factors, and compensation expense is adjusted for actual results. At December 31, 2007, we applied annual forfeiture rates ranging from 4% to 16% to estimate future forfeitures of previously granted options and restricted stock units that had vesting dates after December 31, 2007. Net share-based compensation costs for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $8.6 million, which is net of a reduction of $2.0 million for estimated forfeitures. Changes in estimated forfeiture rates and differences between estimated forfeiture rates and actual experience may result in significant, unanticipated increases or decreases in share-based compensation expense from period to period. The termination of employment by certain employees who hold large numbers of share-based compensation instruments may also have a significant, unanticipated impact on forfeiture experience and, therefore, on share-based compensation expense.
Income Taxes
We recognize a current tax liability or asset for current taxes payable or refundable, respectively, and a deferred tax liability or asset, as the case may be, for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between book and tax treatment of assets and liabilities and carryforwards to the extent they are realizable.
The future tax benefit arising from net deductible temporary differences and tax carryforwards, net of valuation allowances, was $15.4 million and $12.9 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. We believe that our earnings during the periods when the temporary differences become deductible will be sufficient to realize the related future tax benefits. Should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. A reduction of net income before taxes in each subsidiary equal to 5% of revenue, compared to the corresponding reported amounts for the year ended December 31, 2007, would not result in the recognition of incremental valuation allowances except in one subsidiary where a 5% reduction could result in our recording a valuation allowance of $0.7 million for that subsidiary.
For those jurisdictions where the expiration date of tax carryforwards or the projected operating results indicate that realization is not likely, a valuation allowance is recorded to offset the deferred tax asset within that jurisdiction. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. In the event that we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net recorded amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would increase income in the period such determination was made. Similarly, a determination that a higher valuation allowance is required would decrease income in the period such determination was made.

 

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Our net deductible temporary differences and tax carryforwards are recorded using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which the deferred tax liability or asset is expected to be settled or realized. Should the expected applicable tax rates change in the future, an adjustment to the net deferred tax asset would be credited or charged, as appropriate, to income in the period such determination was made. For example, an increase of one percentage point in our anticipated U.S. state income tax rate would cause us to increase our net deferred tax asset balance by $0.5 million. This increase in the net deferred asset would increase net income in the period that our rate was adjusted. Likewise, a decrease of one percentage point to our anticipated U.S. state income tax rate would have the opposite effect.
We periodically assess our exposures related to our worldwide provision for income taxes and believe that we have appropriately accrued taxes for contingencies. Any reduction of these contingent liabilities or additional assessment would increase or decrease income, respectively, in the period such determination was made.
We consider certain operating earnings of non-United States subsidiaries to be indefinitely invested outside the U.S. The cumulative earnings of these subsidiaries was $129.6 million at December 31, 2007. No provision has been made for U.S. federal and state, or international taxes that may result from future remittances of these undistributed earnings of non-United States subsidiaries. Should we repatriate these earnings in the future, we would have to adjust the income tax provision in the period in which the decision to repatriate earnings is made. For the operating earnings not considered to be indefinitely invested outside the United States we have accrued taxes on a current basis.
Estimates for Certain Contingencies
Under our workers’ compensation insurance policies for U.S. employees since January 1, 2003, we have retained the first $250,000 in claim liability per incident and aggregate claim liability based on payroll for each year. The insurance company provides insurance for claims above the individual occurrence and aggregate limits. We estimate claim liability based on claims incurred and the estimated ultimate cost to settle the claims. Claims incurred during the year ended December 31, 2007 and year ended December 31, 2006 are relatively new and significant additional healthcare and wage indemnification costs could arise from those claims. Our liability for claims incurred during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 could exceed our estimates and we could be liable for up to $2.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in excess of the expense we have recognized. For the three years ended on or prior to December 31, 2005, based on our retained claim liability per incident and our aggregate claim liability, our maximum liability at December 31, 2007 is $0.4 million in excess of the amounts deemed probable and previously recognized.

 

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2007 Compared to Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2006
Revenue
Total Company. Revenue increased $183.4 million, or 25%, to $922.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $739.1 million for the prior year. Incremental sales from businesses and from customer-related and other intangible assets acquired subsequent to January 1, 2006 contributed 8% to revenue growth. These acquisitions consisted primarily of veterinary reference laboratories and customer-related assets in Canada, the United States, Europe and South Africa; intellectual property and distribution rights of a veterinary diagnostics business; a production animal diagnostic products business in France; and the Critical Care Division of Osmetech plc. The favorable impact of currency exchange rates contributed 3% to revenue growth. The following table presents revenue by operating segment:
                                                         
For the Year Ended December 31,  
                                                    Percentage  
                                                    Change Net of  
                                    Percentage     Percentage     Acquisitions  
Net Revenue                   Dollar     Percentage     Change from     Change from     and Currency  
(dollars in thousands)   2007     2006     Change     Change     Currency (1)     Acquisitions (2)     Effect  
 
                                                       
CAG
  $ 752,463     $ 606,319     $ 146,144       24.1 %     2.7 %     6.0 %     15.4 %
Water
    66,235       58,466       7,769       13.3 %     3.5 %           9.8 %
PAS
    75,085       58,940       16,145       27.4 %     7.4 %     12.4 %     7.6 %
Other
    28,772       15,392       13,380       86.9 %     3.4 %     82.7 %     0.8 %
 
                                                 
Total
  $ 922,555     $ 739,117     $ 183,438       24.8 %     3.2 %     7.6 %     14.0 %
 
                                                 
 
(1)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to the effect of changes in currency rates from the year ended December 31, 2006 to the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
(2)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to incremental revenues during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the year ended December 31, 2006 from businesses acquired subsequent to January 1, 2006.
Companion Animal Group. Revenue for CAG increased $146.1 million, or 24%, to $752.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $606.3 million for the prior year. Incremental sales from veterinary reference laboratory businesses and customer-related assets and from intellectual property and distribution rights of a veterinary diagnostics business acquired subsequent to January 1, 2006 contributed 6% to CAG revenue growth. The favorable impact of currency exchange rates contributed 3% to the increase in CAG revenue. The following table presents revenue by product and service category for CAG:
                                                         
For the Year Ended December 31,  
                                                    Percentage  
                                                    Change Net of  
                                    Percentage     Percentage     Acquisitions  
Net Revenue                   Dollar     Percentage     Change from     Change from     and Currency  
(dollars in thousands)   2007     2006     Change     Change     Currency (1)     Acquisitions (2)     Effect  
 
                                                       
Instruments and consumables
  $ 289,271     $ 242,312     $ 46,959       19.4 %     3.5 %           15.9 %
Rapid assay products
    132,500       114,536       17,964       15.7 %     0.8 %     1.5 %     13.4 %
Laboratory and consulting services
    255,193       187,114       68,079       36.4 %     3.4 %     18.4 %     14.6 %
Practice information systems and digital radiography
    53,385       44,427       8,958       20.2 %     1.5 %           18.7 %
Pharmaceutical products
    22,114       17,930       4,184       23.3 %                 23.3 %
 
                                                 
Net CAG revenue
  $ 752,463     $ 606,319     $ 146,144       24.1 %     2.7 %     6.0 %     15.4 %
 
                                                 
 
(1)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to the effect of changes in currency rates from the year ended December 31, 2006 to the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
(2)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to incremental revenues during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the year ended December 31, 2006 from businesses acquired subsequent to January 1, 2006.

 

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The following revenue analysis reflects the results of operations net of the impact of currency exchange rates on sales outside the U.S. and net of incremental sales from businesses and from customer-related and other intangible assets acquired subsequent to January 1, 2006.
Because our instrument consumables, rapid assay products, and pharmaceutical products are sold in the U.S. and certain other geographies by distributors, distributor purchasing dynamics have an impact on our reported sales of these products. Distributors purchase products from us and sell them to veterinary practices, who are the end users. Distributor purchasing dynamics may be affected by many factors and may be unrelated to underlying end-user demand for our products. As a result, fluctuations in distributors’ inventories may cause reported results in a period not to be representative of underlying end-user demand. Therefore, we believe it is important to track distributor sales to end users and to distinguish between the impact of end-user demand and the impact of distributor purchasing dynamics on reported revenue growth.
Where growth rates are affected by changes in end-user demand, we refer to the impact of practice-level sales on growth. Where growth rates are affected by distributor purchasing dynamics, we refer to the impact of changes in distributors’ inventories. If during the comparable period of the prior year, distributors’ inventories grew by more than those inventories grew in the current year, then changes in distributors’ inventories have a negative impact on our reported sales growth in the current period. Conversely, if during the comparable period of the prior year, distributors’ inventories grew by less than those inventories grew in the current year, then changes in distributors’ inventories have a positive impact on our reported sales growth in the current period.
The increase in sales of instruments and consumables was due mainly to higher unit sales volume. Higher consumables sales volumes were attributable primarily to higher worldwide practice-level sales of slides and, to a lesser extent, to increased practice-level sales of tubes used with our hematology analyzers, with all consumables categories benefiting from the continued growth of our installed base of instruments. Sales volumes of consumables also benefited from temporary additional diagnostic testing volume related to the recall of certain pet foods in mid-March 2007 in the U.S. and Canada. We believe that the recall resulted in a higher than usual number of pet visits to veterinary clinics in North America in the first and second quarters of 2007. Higher instrument sales revenue resulted mainly from increased sales of our LaserCyte® Hematology Analyzer and, to a lesser extent, our IDEXX VetLab® Station, an in-clinic laboratory information management system. The impact from changes in U.S. distributors’ inventory levels reduced reported instruments and consumables revenue growth by less than 1%.
The increase in practice-level sales of rapid assay products was due to both higher average unit sales prices and higher sales volumes. Higher average unit sales prices were due, in part, to higher relative sales of canine combination test products, such as the SNAP® 4Dx®, which was launched in the U.S. in September 2006, and less promotional discounting in connection with our SNAP® up the Savings™ and other customer programs. We expect the rate of end users’ conversion from canine heartworm-only tests to combination test products and, therefore, the rate of increase of average unit sales prices, will lessen in future periods. Higher sales volumes resulted in part from the July 2007 launch of the SNAP® cPL™, our test for pancreatitis in dogs. Effective January 2008, we changed our distribution methods in Japan from a combination of direct sales and the use of multiple distributors to an exclusive distribution arrangement for our rapid assay products and instrument consumables. The impact from the distributor’s initial stocking orders to build inventory levels increased reported revenue growth by 1%. The impact from changes in U.S. distributors’ inventory levels reduced reported rapid assay revenue growth by 4%.
The increase in sales of laboratory and consulting services resulted primarily from higher testing volume and, to a lesser extent, the impact of price increases. Higher testing volume was attributable to both new customers and to increased testing volume from existing customers, and benefited from temporary additional diagnostic testing volume resulting from the March 2007 pet food recall, as discussed above, and from new test offerings.
The increase in sales of practice information management systems and digital radiography resulted primarily from higher sales volumes of companion animal and equine radiography systems, higher sales of Cornerstone® practice information management systems and services, and the favorable impact of implementing tiered support service level offerings with differentiated pricing for our practice information management systems, partly offset by lower average unit prices for radiography systems due to increased competition.

 

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The increase in sales of pharmaceutical products resulted primarily from higher sales volume and price increases, in each case related largely to PZI VET®, our insulin product for the treatment of diabetic cats.
Water. Revenue for Water increased $7.8 million, or 13%, to $66.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $58.5 million for the prior year. The increase resulted primarily from higher worldwide sales volume, partly offset by lower average unit sales prices due to both higher relative sales in geographies where products are sold at lower average unit sales prices and greater price competition in certain geographies. Higher sales volumes resulted in part from our commencement in September 2007 of distribution of certain water testing kits manufactured by Invitrogen Corporation (“Invitrogen”), which increased reported Water revenue growth by 2%. The favorable impact of currency exchange rates contributed 4% to the increase in Water revenue.
Production Animal Segment. Revenue for PAS increased $16.1 million, or 27%, to $75.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $58.9 million for the prior year. The increase resulted primarily from higher livestock diagnostics sales volume, including sales attributable to Institut Pourquier, a manufacturer of production animal diagnostic products in France that we acquired in March 2007. Sales of Pourquier products contributed 12% to PAS revenue growth. The favorable impact of higher sales volume was partly offset by lower average unit sales prices for our HerdChek® products that test for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (“TSEs”) due to both greater price competition and higher relative sales in geographies where products are sold at lower average unit sales prices. The favorable impact of currency exchange rates contributed 7% to the increase in PAS revenue.
Other. Revenue for Other operating units increased $13.4 million, or 87%, to $28.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $15.4 million for the prior year due primarily to incremental revenue attributable to OPTI Medical, which was acquired in January 2007.
Gross Profit
Total Company. Gross profit increased $84.0 million, or 22%, to $463.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $379.5 million for the prior year. As a percentage of total revenue, gross profit decreased to 50% from 51%.
During 2007, we recognized a write-down of nitazoxanide raw materials inventory of $9.1 million and a write-off of a prepaid royalty license of $1.0 million associated with Navigator®, which resulted in an unfavorable impact of 1.1% of total company gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2007. These write-downs are included in cost of product revenue in the consolidated statement of operations. Our analysis of the realizability of these assets was triggered upon our receipt of notice from the third-party contract manufacturer of finished goods that it would discontinue manufacturing the product in 2009. Because of the low production volume of Navigator®, we believed that we would not be able to enter into a replacement manufacturing arrangement on economically feasible terms, and therefore we would not be able to obtain the product after termination of the existing manufacturing arrangement. Accordingly, we evaluated our associated inventory for obsolescence based on our changed estimates of product availability and estimated future demand and market conditions.
Share-based compensation expense of $0.7 million was included in cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $1.1 million for the prior year. Beginning in 2007, we allocate share-based compensation expense to the operating segments based on headcount and other personnel data. This allocation differs from the actual expense and consequently yields a difference between the total allocated share-based compensation expense and the actual expense for the total company, which was categorized as “unallocated amounts.” Share-based compensation expense was not allocated to our operating segments in 2006. Therefore, the total company share-based compensation expense was categorized as “unallocated amounts” for the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

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The following table presents gross profit and gross profit percentage by operating segment:
                                                 
For the Year Ended December 31,  
Gross Profit           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2007     Revenue     2006     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
CAG
  $ 363,240       48.3 %   $ 297,999       49.1 %   $ 65,241       21.9 %
Water
    41,656       62.9 %     38,441       65.7 %     3,215       8.4 %
PAS
    46,728       62.2 %     38,654       65.6 %     8,074       20.9 %
Other
    11,377       39.5 %     6,106       39.7 %     5,271       86.3 %
Unallocated amounts
    521       N/A       (1,671 )     N/A       2,192       N/A  
 
                                         
Total Company
  $ 463,522       50.2 %   $ 379,529       51.3 %   $ 83,993       22.1 %
 
                                         
Companion Animal Group. Gross profit for CAG increased $65.2 million, or 22%, to $363.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $298.0 million for the prior year due primarily to increased sales volume across the CAG product and service lines, partly offset by a decrease in gross profit percentage to 48% from 49%. The write-down of pharmaceutical inventory and the related prepaid royalty impairment charge, discussed above, resulted in an unfavorable impact of 1.4% of CAG revenue. Greater relative sales of lower margin products and services, such as laboratory and consulting services and IDEXX VetLab® instruments, also contributed to the decrease in the gross profit percentage. These unfavorable impacts were partly offset by higher relative sales of our canine combination test product, SNAP®4Dx® and, to a lesser extent, all other CAG product and service lines, except in the Digital Radiography business; lower cost of slides that are sold for use in VetTest® Chemistry Analyzers; and the favorable impact of foreign currency rates on sales denominated in those currencies, net of foreign exchange hedge contract losses.
Water. Gross profit for Water increased $3.2 million, or 8%, to $41.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $38.4 million for the prior year due to higher sales volume, partly offset by a decrease in the gross profit percentage to 63% from 66%. The decrease in gross profit percentage was due primarily to higher manufacturing costs; lower average unit sales prices, and greater relative sales of lower margin products, which was primarily due to the lower gross margin earned on certain water testing kits manufactured by Invitrogen Corporation (“Invitrogen”) that we began distributing in September 2007.
Production Animal Segment. Gross profit for PAS increased $8.1 million, or 21%, to $46.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $38.7 million for the prior year due to increased sales volume, partly offset by a decrease in the gross profit percentage to 62% from 66%. The gross profit percentage was unfavorably impacted by lower average unit sales prices; net higher production costs; the effect of purchase accounting for inventory acquired in connection with the Pourquier business acquisition; and a relatively lower gross profit rate realized on sales by Pourquier, largely offset by greater relative sales of higher margin products, exclusive of the impact of the Pourquier business. The gross profit percentage earned on sales by Pourquier, excluding the impact of purchase accounting, was lower than our historical PAS gross profit rate due to greater price competition in the primary markets served by Pourquier. Additionally, purchase accounting for inventory had an unfavorable impact of 0.8% of PAS revenue because finished goods inventory acquired in connection with a business acquisition are assigned a fair value that exceeds replacement cost, which results in a low gross margin on the sale of those finished goods by the acquirer. Additionally, decreases in the gross profit percentage were partly offset by the favorable impact of foreign currency rates on sales denominated in those currencies, net of foreign exchange hedge contract losses.
Other. Gross profit for Other operating units increased $5.3 million, or 86%, to $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $6.1 million for the prior year due primarily to incremental revenue attributable to OPTI Medical, which resulted in incremental gross profit for the Other operating units. Excluding the acquisition of OPTI Medical, the gross profit percentage was 38% for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 40% for the prior year. The decrease in the gross profit percentage was due to lower average unit sales prices for certain Dairy products and higher manufacturing and distribution costs, partly offset by the favorable impact of the effect of foreign currency rates on sales denominated in those currencies.

 

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Operating Expenses and Operating Income
Total Company. Total operating expenses increased $75.7 million, or 30%, to $327.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $251.6 million for the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, operating expenses increased to 35% from 34%.
Share-based compensation expense of $7.9 million was included in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $9.0 million for the prior year. Beginning in 2007, we allocate share-based compensation expense to the operating segments, as discussed above. The total company share-based compensation expense was categorized as “unallocated amounts” for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Operating income increased $8.3 million, or 6%, to $136.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $127.9 million for the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, operating income decreased to 15% from 17%.
The following tables present operating expenses and operating income by operating segment:
                                                 
For the Year Ended December 31,  
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2007     Revenue     2006     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
CAG
  $ 261,877       34.8 %   $ 197,239       32.5 %   $ 64,638       32.8 %
Water
    14,809       22.4 %     12,679       21.7 %     2,130       16.8 %
PAS
    31,272       41.6 %     22,482       38.1 %     8,790       39.1 %
Other
    11,452       39.8 %     4,254       27.6 %     7,198       169.2 %
Unallocated amounts
    7,929       N/A       14,942       N/A       (7,013 )     (46.9 %)
 
                                         
Total Company
  $ 327,339       35.5 %   $ 251,596       34.0 %   $ 75,743       30.1 %
 
                                         
                                                 
Operating Income           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2007     Revenue     2006     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
CAG
  $ 101,363       13.5 %   $ 100,760       16.6 %   $ 603       .6 %
Water
    26,847       40.5 %     25,762       44.1 %     1,085       4.2 %
PAS
    15,456       20.6 %     16,172       27.4 %     (716 )     (4.4 %)
Other
    (75 )     (0.3 %)     1,852       12.0 %     (1,927 )     (104.0 %)
Unallocated amounts
    (7,408 )     N/A       (16,613 )     N/A       9,205       55.4 %
 
                                         
Total Company
  $ 136,183       14.8 %   $ 127,933       17.3 %   $ 8,250       6.4 %
 
                                         
Companion Animal Group. Operating expenses for CAG increased $64.6 million, or 33%, to $261.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $197.2 million for the prior year and, as a percentage of revenue, increased to 35% from 33%. Share-based compensation expense of $6.0 million, or 0.8% of revenue, was included in CAG operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007. The following table presents CAG operating expenses by functional area:
                                                 
For the Year Ended December 31,  
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2007     Revenue     2006     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
Sales and marketing
  $ 128,593       17.1 %   $ 98,748       16.3 %   $ 29,845       30.2 %
General and administrative
    87,179       11.6 %     60,267       9.9 %     26,912       44.7 %
Research and development
    46,105       6.1 %     38,224       6.3 %     7,881       20.6 %
 
                                         
Total operating expenses
  $ 261,877       34.8 %   $ 197,239       32.5 %   $ 64,638       32.8 %
 
                                         
The increase in sales and marketing expense resulted primarily from higher personnel-related costs due, in part, to expanded worldwide sales, marketing and customer service support resources and higher sales commissions as a result of revenue performance. Additionally, the unfavorable impact of exchange rates on foreign currency denominated expenses, the inclusion of share-based compensation expense, and incremental expenses associated with businesses acquired subsequent to January 1, 2006 also contributed to the increase in sales and marketing expense.

 

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The increase in general and administrative expense resulted primarily from higher personnel-related costs due, in part, to expanded resources and spending on information technology, facilities, and other general support functions. To a lesser extent, the inclusion of share-based compensation expense; incremental expenses associated with businesses acquired subsequent to January 1, 2006, comprised mainly of administrative expenses of a recurring nature to support the acquired businesses and amortization expense for intangible assets acquired; and the unfavorable impact of exchange rates on foreign currency denominated expenses also contributed to the increase in general and administrative expense.
The increase in research and development expense resulted primarily from increased product development spending, including additional professional resources, related primarily to IDEXX VetLab® instrumentation and rapid assay products. To a lesser extent, product development activities in all other CAG product and service categories and the inclusion of share-based compensation expense also contributed to the increases in research and development expense.
Water. Operating expenses for Water increased $2.1 million, or 17%, to $14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $12.7 million for the prior year and, as a percentage of revenue, were approximately constant at 22%. Share-based compensation expense of $0.4 million, or 0.6% of revenue, was included in Water operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007. The following table presents Water expenses by functional area:
                                                 
For the Year Ended December 31,  
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2007     Revenue     2006     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
Sales and marketing
  $ 6,791       10.3 %   $ 5,465       9.3 %   $ 1,326       24.3 %
General and administrative
    5,532       8.4 %     5,167       8.8 %     365       7.1 %
Research and development
    2,486       3.8 %     2,047       3.5 %     439       21.4 %
 
                                         
Total operating expenses
  $ 14,809       22.4 %   $ 12,679       21.7 %   $ 2,130       16.8 %
 
                                         
The increase in sales and marketing expense resulted primarily from higher personnel-related costs due, in part, to expanded headcount and, to a lesser extent, the unfavorable impact of exchange rates on foreign currency denominated expenses. The increase in general and administrative expense resulted primarily from the inclusion of share-based compensation expense and higher spending on information technology, facilities, and other general support functions, partly offset by the favorable comparison due to costs incurred during the third quarter of 2006 to consolidate our office and production facilities based in the United Kingdom into a single facility and other net cost reductions. The increase in research and development expense resulted primarily from higher costs associated with coliform and E. coli water test product development.
Production Animal Segment. Operating expenses for PAS increased $8.8 million, or 39%, to $31.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $22.5 million for the prior year and, as a percentage of revenue, increased to 42% from 38%. Share-based compensation expense of $0.8 million, or 1.0% of revenue, was included in PAS operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007. The following table presents PAS operating expenses by functional area:
                                                 
For the Year Ended December 31,  
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2007     Revenue     2006     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
Sales and marketing
  $ 12,234       16.3 %   $ 8,162       13.8 %   $ 4,072       49.9 %
General and administrative
    11,347       15.1 %     9,258       15.7 %     2,089       22.6 %
Research and development
    7,691       10.2 %     5,062       8.6 %     2,629       51.9 %
 
                                         
Total operating expenses
  $ 31,272       41.6 %   $ 22,482       38.1 %   $ 8,790       39.1 %
 
                                         

 

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The increase in sales and marketing expense resulted primarily from incremental activities associated with the Pourquier business, higher personnel-related costs, and, to a lesser extent, the unfavorable impact of exchange rates on foreign currency denominated expenses. The increase in general and administrative expense resulted primarily from incremental expenses associated with the Pourquier business, comprised mainly of administrative expenses of a recurring nature to support the acquired business and amortization expense for intangible assets, and higher spending on information technology, facilities, and other general support functions. To a lesser extent, the unfavorable impact of exchange rates on foreign currency denominated expenses and the inclusion of share-based compensation expense also contributed to the increase in general and administrative expense. These increases were partly offset by a favorable comparison due to the write-off, in the second quarter of 2006, of certain fixed assets located in our facility in China. The increase in research and development expense resulted primarily from higher development activities and associated higher personnel-related costs, including incremental development activities attributable to the Pourquier business acquired in March 2007, and, to a lesser extent, the inclusion of share-based compensation expense.
Other. Operating expenses for Other operating units increased $7.2 million to $11.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $4.3 million for the prior year due primarily to incremental expenses attributable to OPTI Medical, which was acquired in January 2007. These costs are mainly composed of operating expenses of a recurring nature to support the OPTI Medical business and amortization expense for intangible assets acquired. Share-based compensation expense of $0.3 million, or 1.0% of revenue, was included in Other operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Unallocated Amounts. Operating expenses that are not allocated to our operating segments decreased $7.0 million to $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $14.9 million for the prior year. As described above, share-based compensation expense was not allocated to our operating segments in 2006. Therefore, total company share-based compensation expense included in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2006 of $9.0 million was categorized as “unallocated amounts.” Beginning in 2007, we allocate a portion of share-based compensation expense to the operating segments. The unallocated share-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $0.5 million. Corporate research and development expense was also included in “unallocated amounts” for both periods and grew mainly due to personnel additions in 2007 to support increased long-term product development activities.
Interest Income and Interest Expense
Interest income was $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The decrease in interest income was due primarily to lower invested cash balances, partly offset by higher effective interest rates.
Interest expense was $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in interest expense was due primarily to interest expense incurred on borrowings under a revolving credit facility.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate was 30.3% for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 28.4% for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in tax rate is primarily attributable to several non-recurring items that benefited the tax rate in the year ended December 31, 2006. These 2006 items included the resolution of an income tax audit for years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, a reduction of previously recorded deferred tax liabilities as a result of obtaining certain multi-year tax incentives and the release of a valuation allowance on international deferred tax assets as a result of a foreign subsidiary demonstrating consistent sustained profitability. Offsetting the impact of the items occurring in 2006 were several favorable impacts to our rate that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2007. These items included an increase in certain federal tax incentives due to changes in legislation, tax benefits related to reductions in international rates, and the recognition of state tax benefits resulting from the completion of an audit.

 

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We anticipate recognizing approximately $0.5 million of income tax benefits that have not been recognized at December 31, 2007 in accordance with FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). The income tax benefits are primarily due to the lapse in the statute of limitations for various foreign and state tax jurisdictions.
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2005
Revenue
Total Company. Revenue increased $101.0 million, or 16%, to $739.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $638.1 million for the prior year. The following table presents revenue by reportable operating segment:
                                                         
For the Year Ended December 31,  
                                                    Percentage  
                                                    Change Net of  
                                    Percentage     Percentage     Acquisitions  
Net Revenue                   Dollar     Percentage     Change from     Change from     and Currency  
(dollars in thousands)   2006     2005     Change     Change     Currency (1)     Acquisitions (2)     Effect  
 
                                                       
CAG
  $ 606,319     $ 520,830     $ 85,489       16.4 %     0.3 %     2.4 %     13.7 %
Water
    58,466       56,760       1,706       3.0 %     0.8 %           2.2 %
PAS
    58,940       44,945       13,995       31.1 %     0.9 %           30.2 %
Other
    15,392       15,560       (168 )     (1.1 %)     (0.1 %)           (1.0 %)
 
                                                 
Total
  $ 739,117     $ 638,095     $ 101,022       15.8 %     0.4 %     1.8 %     13.6 %
 
                                                 
 
(1)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to the effect of changes in currency rates from the year ended December 31, 2005 to the year ended December 31, 2006.
 
(2)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to incremental revenues during the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to the year ended December 31, 2005 from businesses acquired subsequent to January 1, 2005.
Companion Animal Group. Revenue for CAG increased $85.5 million, or 16%, to $606.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $520.8 million for the prior year. Incremental sales from businesses acquired since January 1, 2005, consisting primarily of veterinary reference laboratories, a digital radiography business, and intellectual property and distribution rights of a veterinary diagnostics business, contributed 2% to CAG revenue growth. The following table presents revenue by product and service categories for CAG:
                                                         
For the Year Ended December 31,  
                                                    Percentage  
                                                    Change Net of  
                                    Percentage     Percentage     Acquisitions  
Net Revenue                   Dollar     Percentage     Change from     Change from     and Currency  
(dollars in thousands)   2006     2005     Change     Change     Currency (1)     Acquisitions (2)     Effect  
 
                                                       
Instruments and consumables
  $ 242,312     $ 217,537     $ 24,775       11.4 %     0.5 %           10.9 %
Rapid assay products
    114,536       100,255       14,281       14.2 %     (0.1 %)     1.6 %     12.7 %
Laboratory and consulting services
    187,114       156,425       30,689       19.6 %     0.2 %     4.5 %     14.9 %
Practice information systems and digital radiography
    44,427       32,589       11,838       36.3 %     0.9 %     11.5 %     23.9 %
Pharmaceutical products
    17,930       14,024       3,906       27.9 %                 27.9 %
 
                                                 
Net CAG revenue
  $ 606,319     $ 520,830     $ 85,489       16.4 %     0.3 %     2.4 %     13.7 %
 
                                                 
 
(1)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to the effect of changes in currency rates from the year ended December 31, 2006 to the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
(2)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to incremental revenues during the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to the year ended December 31, 2005 from businesses acquired subsequent to January 1, 2005.

 

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The following revenue analysis reflects the results of operations net of the impact of currency exchange rates on sales outside the U.S.
The increase in sales of instruments and consumables was due mainly to higher unit sales volume of both instruments and of consumables and, to a lesser extent, to higher average unit sales prices for slides that are sold for use in VetTest® Chemistry Analyzers. Higher consumables sales volumes were attributable primarily to higher worldwide practice-level sales of slides and, to a lesser extent, to increased U.S. practice-level sales of tubes used with our hematology analyzers, with all consumables categories benefiting from the continued growth of our installed base of instruments. Higher instrument sales volume resulted mainly from sales of VetStat® Electrolyte and Blood Gas Analyzers and, to a lesser extent, LaserCyte® Hematology Analyzers and SNAP® Readers. The impact from changes in distributors’ inventory levels had no significant impact on reported revenue growth of instruments and consumables.
The increase in sales of rapid assay products was due primarily to increased sales volume of canine products, including sales of SNAP®4Dx®, which was launched in the U.S. in September 2006. The impact from changes in distributors’ inventory levels increased reported rapid assay revenue growth by 3%. To a lesser extent, higher average unit sales prices of canine products, in part due to less promotional discounting and higher relative sales of combination test products, also contributed to rapid assay revenue growth. These increases were partly offset by lower average unit sales prices of feline products, partly due to greater promotional discounting. Incremental sales of rapid assay products for which we acquired distribution rights in the second quarter of 2006 contributed 2% to rapid assay revenue growth.
The increase in sales of laboratory and consulting services resulted primarily from higher testing volume and, to a lesser extent, the impact of price increases and incremental sales attributable to acquisitions between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2006. Businesses acquired since January 1, 2005 contributed 4% to laboratory and consulting services revenue growth.
The increase in sales of practice information management systems and digital radiography resulted primarily from an increase in the number of digital radiography systems sold. Digital radiography sales volume growth was due primarily to sales attributable to a business acquired in the third quarter of 2005, which contributed 12% to practice information management systems and digital radiography revenue growth; higher sales volumes of existing products; and sales of the IDEXX-DR™ 1417 Digital Radiography System, which became commercially available during the third quarter of 2006. To a lesser extent, revenue growth was also due to the impact of price increases for support services for our practice information management systems, higher sales of computer hardware to practice information management systems customers, and a shift in sales mix to larger practice information management systems.
The increase in sales of pharmaceutical products resulted primarily from increased practice-level demand and, to a lesser extent, from price increases, both impacts related largely to PZI VET®, our insulin product for the treatment of diabetic cats.
Water. Revenue for Water increased $1.7 million, or 3%, to $58.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $56.8 million for the prior year. The increase resulted primarily from higher sales volume in the Americas and Europe and, to a lesser extent, to higher average unit sales prices. The favorable impact of currency exchange rates contributed an aggregate of $0.5 million, or 1%, to the increase in Water revenue.
Production Animal Segment. Revenue for PAS increased $14.0 million, or 31%, to $58.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $44.9 million for the prior year. The increase resulted primarily from higher worldwide livestock diagnostics sales volume, including, notably, sales in Europe of our HerdChek® products that test for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. To a lesser extent, increased average unit sales prices in certain geographies, higher relative sales in geographies where products are sold at higher unit prices, and higher poultry diagnostics sales volume in the Americas also contributed to production animal products revenue growth. The favorable impact of currency exchange rates contributed an aggregate of $0.4 million, or 1%, to the increase in PAS revenue.

 

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Gross Profit
Total Company. Gross profit increased $56.6 million, or 18%, to $379.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $322.9 million for the prior year. As a percentage of total revenue, gross profit was approximately constant at 51%.
We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) and began expensing share-based compensation beginning on January 1, 2006, which had a negative impact on our gross profit percentages and on operating margins. For the year ended December 31, 2006, share-based compensation expense was not allocated to our operating segments and therefore has been categorized as “unallocated amounts.” The following table presents gross profit and gross profit percentage by reportable segment:
                                                 
For the Year Ended December 31,  
Gross Profit           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2006     Revenue     2005     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
CAG
  $ 297,999       49.1 %   $ 250,409       48.1 %   $ 47,590       19.0 %
Water
    38,441       65.7 %     38,277       67.4 %     164       0.4 %
PAS
    38,654       65.6 %     27,788       61.8 %     10,866       39.1 %
Other
    6,106       39.7 %     6,426       41.3 %     (320 )     (5.0 %)
Unallocated amounts
    (1,671 )     N/A             N/A       (1,671 )     N/A  
 
                                         
Total Company
  $ 379,529       51.3 %   $ 322,900       50.6 %   $ 56,629       17.5 %
 
                                         
Companion Animal Group. Gross profit for CAG increased $47.6 million, or 19%, to $298.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $250.4 million for the prior year due primarily to increased sales volume across the CAG product lines and, to a lesser extent, to an increase in the gross profit percentage to 49% from 48% for the prior year. The increase in the gross profit percentage was largely due to lower cost of slides that are sold for use in VetTest® Chemistry Analyzers under the agreement with our supplier and higher average selling prices. The increase in the gross profit percentage was partly offset by greater relative sales of lower margin products and services such as laboratory and consulting services.
Water. Gross profit for Water increased $0.2 million to $38.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $38.3 million for the prior year due to higher sales volume, partly offset by a decrease in the gross profit percentage to 66% from 67%. The gross profit percentage was unfavorably impacted by increased freight and distribution costs and higher relative sales of lower margin products.
Production Animal Segment. Gross profit for PAS increased $10.9 million, or 39%, to $38.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $27.8 million for the prior year due primarily to increased sales volume and, to a lesser extent, to an increase in the gross profit percentage to 66% from 62%. The gross profit percentage was favorably impacted by higher relative sales of higher margin livestock products, the absence in 2006 of certain discrete costs that occurred in 2005, and higher average unit sales prices. Discrete costs in 2005 comprised integration costs and the impacts of purchase accounting that were associated with an acquisition in December 2004.
Operating Expenses and Operating Income
Total Company. Total operating expenses increased $44.0 million to $251.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $207.6 million for the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, operating expenses increased to 34% from 33% for the prior year. The change in accounting for share-based compensation beginning January 1, 2006 resulted in an increase of $9.0 million, or 4%, in total company operating expenses for 2006. For the year ended December 31, 2006, share-based compensation expense was not allocated to our operating segments and therefore has been categorized as “unallocated amounts.”
Operating income increased $12.6 million to $127.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $115.3 million for the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, operating income decreased to 17% from 18%. The change in accounting for share-based compensation beginning January 1, 2006 had a negative impact of 1% on reported operating income as a percentage of total company revenue.

 

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The following tables present operating expenses and operating income by reportable segment:
                                                 
For the Year Ended December 31,  
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2006     Revenue     2005     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
CAG
  $ 197,239       32.5 %   $ 167,439       32.1 %   $ 29,800       17.8 %
Water
    12,679       21.7 %     12,303       21.7 %     376       3.1 %
PAS
    22,482       38.1 %     20,471       45.5 %     2,011       9.8 %
Other
    4,254       27.6 %     3,849       24.7 %     405       10.5 %
Unallocated amounts
    14,942       N/A       3,507       N/A       11,435       326.1 %
 
                                         
Total Company
  $ 251,596       34.0 %   $ 207,569       32.5 %   $ 44,027       21.2 %
 
                                         
                                                 
Operating Income           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2006     Revenue     2005     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
CAG
  $ 100,760       16.6 %   $ 82,970       15.9 %   $ 17,790       21.4 %
Water
    25,762       44.1 %     25,974       45.8 %     (212 )     (0.8 %)
PAS
    16,172       27.4 %     7,317       16.3 %     8,855       121.0 %
Other
    1,852       12.0 %     2,577       16.6 %     (725 )     (28.1 %)
Unallocated amounts
    (16,613 )     N/A       (3,507 )     N/A       (13,106 )     (373.7 %)
 
                                         
Total Company
  $ 127,933       17.3 %   $ 115,331       18.1 %   $ 12,602       10.9 %
 
                                         
Companion Animal Group. Operating expenses for CAG increased $29.8 million, or 18%, to $197.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $167.4 million for the prior year and, as a percentage of revenue, increased to 33% from 32%. The following table presents CAG operating expenses by functional area:
                                                 
For the Year Ended December 31,  
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2006     Revenue     2005     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
Sales and marketing
  $ 98,748       16.3 %   $ 87,421       16.8 %   $ 11,327       13.0 %
General and administrative
    60,267       9.9 %     50,194       9.6 %     10,073       20.1 %
Research and development
    38,224       6.3 %     29,824       5.7 %     8,400       28.2 %
 
                                         
Total operating expenses
  $ 197,239       32.5 %   $ 167,439       32.1 %   $ 29,800       17.8 %
 
                                         
The increase in sales and marketing expense resulted primarily from higher personnel-related costs due, in part, to expanded worldwide sales, marketing and customer service headcount and to higher sales commissions as a result of revenue performance. To a lesser extent, incremental activities associated with businesses acquired since January 1, 2005 also contributed to the increase in sales and marketing expense.
The increase in general and administrative expense resulted primarily from higher spending on facilities, information technology and other general support functions. To a lesser extent, incremental expenses associated with businesses acquired since January 1, 2005, comprised mainly of amortization expense for intangible assets acquired and general and administrative expenses of a recurring nature to support the acquired businesses, also contributed to the increase in general and administrative expense. Increases in general and administrative expenses were partly offset by the favorable impact of net transaction gains on foreign currency denominated expenses in 2006 compared to transaction losses in 2005.
The increase in research and development expense resulted primarily from increased product development spending related primarily to IDEXX VetLab® instrumentation and, to a lesser extent, rapid assay and digital radiography products.

 

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Water. Operating expenses for Water increased $0.4 million, or 3%, to $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $12.3 million for the prior year and, as a percentage of revenue, were constant at 22%. The following table presents Water operating expenses by functional area:
                                                 
For the Year Ended December 31,  
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2006     Revenue     2005     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
Sales and marketing
  $ 5,465       9.3 %   $ 5,319       9.4 %   $ 146       2.7 %
General and administrative
    5,167       8.8 %     4,822       8.5 %     345       7.2 %
Research and development
    2,047       3.5 %     2,162       3.8 %     (115 )     (5.3 %)
 
                                         
Total operating expenses
  $ 12,679       21.7 %   $ 12,303       21.7 %   $ 376       3.1 %
 
                                         
The increase in general and administrative expense resulted primarily from higher spending on facilities, information technology and other general support functions; higher bad debt expense; higher compensation; and costs incurred to consolidate our office and production facilities based in the United Kingdom into a single facility. The increase in sales and marketing expense resulted primarily from higher personnel-related costs. The decrease in research and development expense resulted primarily from lower spending following the launch of the IDEXX Filta-Max xpress™ system, a Cryptosporidium and Giardia testing product, in the second quarter of 2006.
Production Animal Segment. Operating expenses for PAS increased $2.0 million, or 10%, to $22.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $20.5 million for the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, PAS operating expenses decreased to 38% from 46%. The following table presents PAS operating expenses by functional area:
                                                 
For the Year Ended December 31,  
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2006     Revenue     2005     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
Sales and marketing
  $ 8,162       13.8 %   $ 7,280       16.2 %   $ 882       12.1 %
General and administrative
    9,258       15.7 %     8,146       18.1 %     1,112       13.7 %
Research and development
    5,062       8.6 %     5,045       11.2 %     17       0.3 %
 
                                         
Total operating expenses
  $ 22,482       38.1 %   $ 20,471       45.5 %   $ 2,011       9.8 %
 
                                         
The increase in general and administrative expense resulted primarily from higher spending on facilities, information technology and other general support functions and, to a lesser extent, from a write-down of an equity investment in a technology licensor. Increases in general and administrative expenses were partly offset by the absence in 2006 of certain discrete costs that occurred in 2005 and the favorable impact of net transaction gains on foreign currency denominated expenses in 2006 compared to transaction losses in 2005. Discrete costs in 2005 were associated with the cessation of production in our Sweden-based facility in connection with the centralization of our European production animal diagnostics operations in Bern, Switzerland. The increase in sales and marketing expense resulted primarily from higher personnel-related costs. Increases in research and development expense from higher personnel-related costs due, in part, to expanded headcount and from higher patent-related costs were substantially offset by lower facilities and overhead costs in Europe as a result of the consolidation of our European production animal business, including research and development activities, during the second half of 2005.
Unallocated Amounts. Operating expenses that are not allocated to our operating segments, consisting primarily of the company-wide share-based compensation expense and corporate research and development, increased $11.4 million to $14.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $3.5 million for the prior year. This increase is primarily due to the inclusion of share-based compensation expense of $9.0 million in 2006 due to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1, 2006. Corporate research and development expense grew mainly due to personnel additions in 2005 and 2006 to support increased long-term product development activities.

 

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Interest Income and Interest Expense
Interest income was $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. An increase in interest income from higher interest rates was largely offset by lower average invested cash balances.
Interest expense was $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to interest expense incurred on the mortgage assumed in connection with the Westbrook, Maine facility purchase in May 2006.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate was 28.4% for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared with 34.2% for the year ended December 31, 2005. The majority of this rate differential resulted from the favorable impact of the resolution in 2006 of an IRS income tax audit for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004. As a result of completing this audit, we reduced previously accrued taxes and recognized a tax benefit of 3.7% of income before tax. Other items that decreased our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 included a reduction of previously recorded international deferred tax liabilities as a result of obtaining certain multi-year tax incentives and the release of a valuation allowance on international deferred tax assets as a result of a subsidiary demonstrating consistent sustained profitability. In addition, the effective rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 was less than the effective rate for the year ended December 31, 2005 due to the incremental tax expense in 2005 on the repatriation of $30.0 million pursuant to the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. These rate reductions were partly offset by the nonrecognition, in 2006, of tax benefits on compensation expense for incentive stock options and employee stock purchase rights that were recorded in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R) effective January 1, 2006.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements is included in Note 2(r) to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
We fund the capital needs of our business through cash on hand, funds generated from operations, and amounts available under our credit facilities. At December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, we had $60.4 million and $96.7 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, and working capital of $82.3 million and $177.5 million, respectively. Additionally, at December 31, 2007, we had borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility of $52.8 million. We believe that current cash and cash equivalents, funds generated from operations, and amounts available under our credit facilities will be sufficient to fund our operations, capital purchase requirements, and strategic growth needs. We further believe that we could obtain additional borrowings at customary interest rates to fund our growth objectives. In February 2008, we increased the aggregate principal amount available under our unsecured revolving credit facility to $200.0 million. The extent and timing of acquisitions-related spending and repurchases of our common stock could cause variations in our liquidity and leverage levels.
We consider certain operating earnings of non-United States subsidiaries to be indefinitely invested outside the U.S. Changes to this policy could have adverse tax consequences. Subject to this policy, we manage our worldwide cash requirements considering available funds among all of our subsidiaries. Foreign cash balances are generally available without legal restrictions to fund ordinary business operations outside the U.S.

 

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The following table presents additional key information concerning working capital:
                 
    For the Three Months  
    Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006  
 
               
Days sales outstanding
    39       38  
Inventory turns
    2.3       1.9  
Sources and Uses of Cash
Cash generated by operating activities was $135.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $109.8 million for the same period in 2006. The total of net income and net non-cash charges was $136.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $120.0 million for the same period in 2006.
We have historically experienced proportionally lower or net negative cash flows from operating activities during the first quarter and net positive cash flows from operating activities for the remainder of the year and for the annual period. Several factors contribute to the seasonal fluctuations in cash flows generated by operating activities, including the following:
    We have agreements with certain suppliers that require us to make minimum annual inventory purchases, in some cases in order to retain exclusive distribution rights, and we have other agreements with suppliers that provide for lower pricing based on annual purchase volumes. We may place a higher volume of purchase orders for inventory during the fourth quarter in order to meet our minimum commitments or realize volume pricing discounts and we receive that inventory in the fourth or first quarters and pay in the first quarter. The specific facts and circumstances that we consider in determining the timing and level of inventory purchases throughout the year related to these agreements may yield inconsistent cash flows from operations, most typically in the first and fourth quarters.
 
    We have management and non-management employee incentive programs that provide for the payment of annual bonuses in the first quarter following the year for which the bonuses were earned.
 
    In the U.S., we pay our final income tax payments for each fiscal year on March 15th of the following year, in addition to paying our first quarter payment for the current fiscal year. Our method of depositing estimated taxes delays a portion of the payment relating to the preceding year until this final payment date and, as a result, tax payments are higher in the first quarter of each year.
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2007 increased $0.3 million to $94.0 million from $93.7 million for the prior year. Income adjusted for noncash items and the tax benefit from exercises of stock options was $145.4 million, compared to $129.4 million, resulting in a year-to-year increase of $16.0 million. The changes in noncash adjustments are primarily due to the inclusion in net income for the year ended December 31, 2007 of the write-down of Navigator® inventory and the associated royalty license impairment of $10.1 million and the increase in depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to the prior year, of $11.2 million. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is due, in part, to the increase in amortization expense recognized for acquired intangibles assets of $3.7 million. See Notes 3, 6 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information about our acquisitions of businesses and intangible assets, the Navigator® inventory write-down, and intangible assets, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, cash decreased by $1.0 million due to changes in operating assets and liabilities, compared to a decrease in the same period of 2006 of $10.2 million, resulting in a year-to-year change of $9.2 million. The decrease in cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities, compared to 2006, was primarily attributable to $20.4 million less cash used by changes in inventory and an increase of $15.5 million of cash provided by increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses, partly offset by an increase of $19.0 million of cash used to fund increases in accounts receivable and $8.7 million used for other assets. The decrease in cash used by inventory compared to the same period of 2006 was due, in part, to the receipt in the first quarter of 2006 of VetTest® slide inventory receipts from our supplier that were deferred from the fourth quarter of 2005, which resulted in an unusually large increase in VetTest® slide inventory during the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

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Additionally, during 2007, certain inventory levels that grew during the later part of 2006 subsequently decreased due to consumption and sales. These inventory levels had increased during the second half of 2006 in preparation for a supplier’s production facility transition and to ensure adequate supply of certain instrument components and accessories that were being discontinued by the manufacturers. The increase in cash provided by accounts payable and accrued expenses was due, in part, to higher development costs associated with new products that were launched during the first quarter of 2008; incremental receipts of VetTest® slide inventory near the end of 2007; incremental royalties payable due to higher revenue, including revenue from businesses acquired during 2007; and higher deferred rent liabilities, including real estate rental obligations associated with business acquisitions. The increase in cash used to fund accounts receivable was due largely to higher sales during the three months and the year ended December 31, 2007.
Cash used by investing activities was $121.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to cash used of $40.7 million for the same period of 2006. The increase in cash used by investing activities for 2007, compared to 2006, was largely due to $64.7 million of incremental cash used for business acquisitions and intangible assets, which are described below, and incremental purchases of property and equipment of $32.8 million. These decreases in cash were partly offset by higher net proceeds from investments in 2007 of $4.3 million and the absence of expenditures on land and buildings in 2007 compared to $12.1 million during 2006, primarily for the purchase of our Westbrook, Maine facility.
We paid $86.6 million and assumed liabilities, including contingent liabilities and deferred tax liabilities associated with purchase accounting, of $17.9 million to acquire businesses and certain intangible assets that did not comprise businesses during the year ended December 31, 2007. We also paid $3.2 million in relation to businesses acquired in prior years. In January 2007, we acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of the Critical Care Division of Osmetech plc. The acquired business is based in the United States and develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes point-of-care electrolyte and blood gas analyzers and related consumable products for the human medical and veterinary diagnostics markets. In March 2007, we acquired all of the equity of Vita-Tech Canada Inc. (“Vita-Tech”) and Institut Pourquier SAS (“Pourquier”) in separate transactions. Vita-Tech is the largest provider of reference laboratory testing services to veterinarians in Canada and has operations in Toronto and Montreal, Canada. Pourquier is based in Montpellier, France and develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes production animal diagnostic products. In March and October 2007, we acquired veterinary reference laboratories located in the United States. We also acquired certain assets of other veterinary reference laboratories during the year ended December 31, 2007 that did not comprise businesses. See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information about our acquisitions of businesses.
We paid $65.1 million to purchase fixed assets and $1.1 million to acquire rental instruments sold under recourse during the year ended December 31, 2007. Our total capital expenditures for 2007 included approximately $13 million towards the renovation and expansion of our primary facility in Westbrook, Maine. We preliminarily project additional capital spending of approximately $140 million during 2008 through 2011 to complete this project, with $75 million of the projected spending during 2008. The first phase of this project will provide more efficient manufacturing and research and development facilities.
In January 2007, we entered into an unsecured short-term revolving credit facility with a bank in the principal amount of $125.0 million that would have matured on June 30, 2007. On March 30, 2007, we refinanced this short-term facility by entering into an unsecured revolving credit facility with four multinational banks that matures on March 30, 2012 (the “Credit Facility”). In February 2008, we increased the aggregate principal amount available under our unsecured revolving credit facility to $200.0 million. The Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes, including repurchases of our common stock and business acquisitions. The applicable interest rates generally range from 0.375% to 0.875% above the London interbank rate or the Canadian Dollar-denominated bankers’ acceptance rate, dependent on our leverage ratio. Under the Credit Facility, we pay quarterly commitment fees of 0.08% to 0.20%, dependent on our leverage ratio, on any unused commitment. The Credit Facility contains financial and other affirmative and negative covenants, as well as customary events of default, that would allow any amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility to be accelerated, or restrict our ability to borrow thereunder, in the event of noncompliance. The financial covenant requires our ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as defined by the agreement, not to exceed 3-to-1. At December 31, 2007, we had $72.2 million outstanding under the Credit Facility.

 

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The board of directors has authorized the repurchase of up to 40,000,000 shares of our common stock in the open market or in negotiated transactions. From the inception of the program in August 1999 to December 31, 2007, we repurchased 33,148,000 shares. We believe that the repurchase of our common stock is a favorable investment and we also repurchase to offset the dilutive effect of our employee share-based compensation programs. Repurchases of our common stock may vary depending upon the level of other investing activities and the share price. See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information about our share repurchases.
Other Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
Under our workers’ compensation insurance policies for U.S. employees since January 1, 2003, we have retained the first $250,000 in claim liability per incident and aggregate claim liability based on payroll for each year. The insurance company provides insurance for claims above the individual occurrence and aggregate limits. We estimate claim liability based on claims incurred and the estimated ultimate cost to settle the claims. Based on this analysis, we have recognized cumulative expenses of $0.3 million, $1.2 million, $0.5 million, $0.8 million and $0.9 million for claims incurred during the years ended December 31, 2007 through 2003, respectively. Claims incurred during the year ended December 31, 2007 and year ended December 31, 2006 are relatively new and significant additional healthcare and wage indemnification costs could arise from those claims. Our liability for claims incurred during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 could exceed our estimates and we could be liable for up to $2.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in excess of the expense we have recognized. For the three years ended on or prior to December 31, 2005, based on our retained claim liability per incident and our aggregate claim liability, our maximum liability at December 31, 2007 is $0.4 million in excess of the amounts deemed probable and previously recognized. In connection with these policies, we have outstanding letters of credit totaling $2.1 million to the insurance companies as security for these claims.
We have commitments outstanding at December 31, 2007 for additional purchase price payments of up to $1.7 million in connection with acquisitions of businesses and intangible assets during the current and prior periods, of which $0.8 million is contingent on the achievement by certain acquired businesses of specified milestones. We also have agreed to make additional payments of up to $0.8 million to sellers of certain acquired businesses that are conditional upon those sellers providing future services to IDEXX for specified periods of time.
In January 2008, we paid $4.4 million to acquire certain technology licensing rights and agreed to future royalty and milestone payments based on the issuance of a certain patent to the licensor and revenue from products and services incorporating that technology.
In October 2005, our former supplier of VetAutoread™ Hematology Analyzers and consumables sold this business (including the human hematology testing products division) and we simultaneously entered into a new supply agreement for these products with the acquirer of the business. Under this new supply agreement, we received fixed pricing on certain products through December 31, 2020, among other benefits. In partial consideration for this new supply agreement, we paid cash of $2.5 million to the acquirer and guaranteed the acquirer’s note (the “Note”) in the principal amount of $3.5 million given to our former supplier in partial consideration for the business. The acquirer is obligated to pay the Note through quarterly principal and interest payments through 2008 and to pay the remaining balance in 2008. The principal balance of the note that we have guaranteed is $1.7 million at December 31, 2007. We recorded the fair value of the guaranty of $0.5 million and recognized the associated assets as of the effective date of the agreement. At December 31, 2007, we have written off the guaranty liability because our recognized contractual liabilities to the supplier exceed the principal balance of the Note and a legal right of offset exists whereby we may elect to pay to the holder of the Note the amounts otherwise due to the supplier. We are obligated to make a second payment of $1.25 million upon the achievement of certain milestones by the acquirer, which occurred in January 2008, and a third payment of $1.25 million in January 2009. The proceeds of the second payment were used to reduce the Note balance. In February 2008, the acquirer paid the remaining payment under the Note, which released our guaranty.

 

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We are contractually obligated to make the following payments in the years below:
                                         
(in thousands)   Total     2008     2009–2010     2011–2012     After 2012  
 
                                       
Long-term debt obligations (1)
  $ 7,998     $ 1,091     $ 2,181     $ 2,181     $ 2,545  
Operating leases
    54,549       9,498       15,731       11,076       18,244  
Purchase obligations (2)
    262,575       238,991       23,584              
Minimum royalty payments
    10,926       2,136       3,018       2,932       2,840  
Other long-term liabilities (3)
    3,621       2,921       700              
 
                             
Total contractual cash obligations
  $ 339,669     $ 254,637     $ 45,214     $ 16,189     $ 23,629  
 
                             
 
(1)   Long-term debt amounts include interest payments associated with long-term debt.
 
(2)   Purchase obligations include agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities, pricing, and approximate timing of purchase transactions. Of this amount, $225.2 million represents amounts committed under purchase orders and $35.4 million represents our minimum purchase obligation under our VetTest® supply agreement with Ortho.
 
(3)   Other long-term liabilities are liabilities that are reflected on our consolidated balance sheet in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and include warranty obligations and commitments for additional acquisition purchase price payments. These liabilities do not reflect unrecognized tax benefits of $5.1 million as the timing of recognition is uncertain. Refer to Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion on unrecognized tax benefits.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our financial market risk consists primarily of foreign currency exchange rate risk. We operate subsidiaries in 17 foreign countries and transact business in local currencies. We attempt to hedge the majority of our cash flow on intercompany sales to minimize foreign currency exposure.
The primary purpose of our foreign currency hedging activities is to protect against the volatility associated with foreign currency transactions. We also utilize some natural hedges to mitigate our transaction and commitment exposures. Corporate policy prescribes the range of allowable hedging activity. We enter into exchange contracts with large multinational financial institutions and we do not hold or engage in transactions involving derivative instruments for purposes other than risk management. Our accounting policies for these contracts are based on our designation of such instruments as hedging transactions. Market gains and losses are deferred in prepaid expenses or accruals, as appropriate, until the contract matures, which is the period when the related obligation is settled. We primarily utilize forward exchange contracts with durations of less than 18 months.
Our subsidiaries enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to minimize the impact of foreign currency fluctuations associated with their anticipated intercompany inventory purchases for the next year. From time to time, we may also enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to minimize the impact of foreign currency fluctuations associated with specific, significant transactions.
Our hedging strategy is consistent with prior periods and there were no material changes in our market risk exposure during the year ended December 31, 2007. We enter into currency exchange contracts for amounts that are less than the full value of forecasted intercompany sales and for amounts that are equivalent to, or less than, other specific, significant transactions, thus no significant ineffectiveness has resulted or been recorded through the statements of income. Our hedging strategy related to intercompany inventory purchases provides that we employ the full amount of our hedges for the succeeding year at the conclusion of our budgeting process for that year, which is complete by the end of the preceding year. Quarterly, we enter into contracts to hedge incremental portions of anticipated foreign currency transactions for the following year. Accordingly, our risk with respect to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations may vary throughout each annual cycle. At December 31, 2007, we had $1.3 million in net unrealized losses on foreign exchange contracts designated as hedges recorded in other comprehensive income, which is net of $0.6 million in taxes.
Our currency rate exposure at December 31, 2007 consisted of local currency revenues and expenses, the impact of hedge contracts and balances denominated in a currency other than the Company’s or our subsidiaries’ functional currencies. Based on our overall currency rate exposure, excluding unrealized losses of $1.9 million at December 31, 2007 and unrealized losses of $2.0 million at December 31, 2006 on foreign exchange contracts designated as hedges, a 10% weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies at December 31, 2007 would increase or decrease operating income, respectively, by approximately $3.4 million in 2008 and a 10% weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar from December 31, 2006 would have increased or decreased operating income, respectively, by approximately $3.1 million in 2007. At December 31, 2007, a 10% weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies, excluding the impact of hedge contracts currently in place, would increase or reduce operating income, respectively, by approximately $15.7 million in 2008, compared to $13.9 million in 2007.

 

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The response to this item is submitted as a separate section of this report commencing on page F-1.
ITEM 9.   CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures, as defined by the SEC in its Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures at December 31, 2007, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, at the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to achieve their stated purpose.
Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America and includes those policies and procedures that:
    Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
 
    Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
 
    Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions and that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
We conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway commission. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that, at December 31, 2007, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2007 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended December 31, 2007 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Certifications
The certifications with respect to disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting of the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer are attached as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this Item with respect to Directors is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, is incorporated herein by reference from the sections entitled “Corporate Governance” and “Election of Directors” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement with respect to its 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, is incorporated herein by reference from the sections entitled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Executive Compensation and Related Information”, “Corporate Governance – Director Compensation”, and “Compensation Committee Report” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement with respect to its 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this Item is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, is incorporated herein by reference from the sections entitled “Executive Compensation and Related Information” and “Ownership of Common Stock by Directors and Officers” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement with respect to its 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.

 

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, is incorporated herein by reference from the sections entitled “Corporate Governance – Related Party Transactions”, “Executive Compensation and Related Information – Employment Agreements” and “Corporate Governance – Director Independence” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement with respect to its 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Item is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, is incorporated herein by reference from the section entitled “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – Independent Auditors’ Fees” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement with respect to its 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K:
     
(a) (1) and (a) (2)
  The financial statements set forth in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and the Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule are filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K commencing on page F-1.
 
   
(a)(3) and (c)
  The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated by reference herein.

 

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
         
  IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC.
 
 
  By:   /s/ Jonathan W. Ayers    
Date: February 27, 2008    Jonathan W. Ayers   
    President and Chief Executive Officer   
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
         
SIGNATURE   TITLE   DATE
         
/s/ Jonathan W. Ayers
 
Jonathan W. Ayers
  President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
of the Board of Directors
  February 27, 2008
         
/s/ Merilee Raines
 
Merilee Raines
  Corporate Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
  February 27, 2008
         
/s/ Thomas Craig   Director   February 27, 2008
 
       
Thomas Craig        
         
/s/ Errol B. De Souza, PhD   Director   February 27, 2008
 
Errol B. De Souza, PhD
       
         
/s/ William T. End   Director   February 27, 2008
 
William T. End
       
         
/s/ Rebecca M. Henderson, PhD   Director   February 27, 2008
 
Rebecca M. Henderson, PhD
       
         
/s/ Barry C. Johnson, PhD   Director   February 27, 2008
 
Barry C. Johnson, PhD
       
         
/s/ Brian P. McKeon   Director   February 27, 2008
 
Brian P. McKeon
       
         
/s/ Robert J. Murray   Director   February 27, 2008
 
Robert J. Murray
       

 

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE
         
    Page No.  
 
    F-2  
 
       
    F-3  
 
       
    F-4  
 
       
    F-5  
 
       
    F-6  
 
       
    F-7  
 
       
       
 
       
    F-37  
 
       

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the Report of Management of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for share based-compensation in 2006 and the manner in which it accounts for uncertain tax positions and compensated absences in 2007.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
 
 
 
Boston, Massachusetts
February 27, 2008

 

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IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
                 
    December 31,  
    2007     2006  
ASSETS
               
Current Assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 60,360     $ 61,666  
Short-term investments
          35,000  
Accounts receivable, less reserves of $1,742 and $1,783 in 2007 and 2006, respectively
    108,384       81,389  
Inventories
    98,804       95,996  
Deferred income tax assets
    23,606       16,884  
Other current assets
    14,509       11,328  
 
           
Total current assets
    305,663       302,263  
Property and equipment, net
    141,852       99,628  
 
               
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net
    236,414       148,179  
Other long-term assets, net
    18,250       9,490  
 
           
 
    254,664       157,669  
 
           
TOTAL ASSETS
  $ 702,179     $ 559,560  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current Liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 32,510     $ 24,374  
Accrued expenses
    29,182       24,870  
Accrued employee compensation and related expenses
    44,753       33,368  
Accrued taxes
    18,206       18,465  
Accrued customer programs
    15,107       14,012  
Short-term debt
    72,236        
Current portion of long-term debt
    720       678  
Deferred revenue
    10,678       8,976  
 
           
Total current liabilities
    223,392       124,743  
Long-term Liabilities:
               
Deferred tax liabilities
    14,697       7,154  
Long-term debt, net of current portion
    5,727       6,447  
Warranty reserves
          194  
Deferred revenue
    6,210       6,834  
Other long-term liabilities
    13,830       4,327  
 
           
Total long-term liabilities
    40,464       24,956  
 
               
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)
               
 
               
Stockholders’ Equity:
               
Common stock, $0.10 par value: Authorized 240,000; Issued: 94,504 and 93,242 in 2007 and 2006, respectively
    9,450       9,324  
Additional paid-in capital
    514,773       475,331  
Deferred stock units: Outstanding: 82 and 62 units in 2007 and 2006, respectively
    2,201       1,852  
Retained earnings
    585,862       490,614  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    22,705       10,566  
Treasury stock, at cost: 33,500 and 30,912 in 2007 and 2006, respectively
    (696,668 )     (577,826 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    438,323       409,861  
 
           
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
  $ 702,179     $ 559,560  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
Revenue:
                       
Product revenue
  $ 632,186     $ 525,352     $ 460,495  
Service revenue
    290,369       213,765       177,600  
 
                 
 
    922,555       739,117       638,095  
Cost of revenue:
                       
Cost of product revenue
    260,296       215,314       194,252  
Cost of service revenue
    198,737       144,274       120,943  
 
                 
 
    459,033       359,588       315,195  
 
                 
Gross profit
    463,522       379,529       322,900  
 
                 
Expenses:
                       
Sales and marketing
    151,882       115,882       101,990  
General and administrative
    108,119       82,097       64,631  
Research and development
    67,338       53,617       40,948  
 
                 
Income from operations
    136,183       127,933       115,331  
Interest expense
    (4,179 )     (462 )     (96 )
Interest income
    2,839       3,279       3,237  
 
                 
Income before provisions for income taxes and partner’s interest
    134,843       130,750       118,472  
Provision for income taxes
    40,829       37,224       40,670  
Partner’s interest in loss of subsidiary
          (152 )     (452 )
 
                 
Net income
  $ 94,014     $ 93,678     $ 78,254  
 
                 
 
                       
Earnings per share:
                       
Basic
  $ 1.53     $ 1.49     $ 1.20  
 
                 
Diluted
  $ 1.46     $ 1.42     $ 1.15  
 
                 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                       
Basic
    61,560       62,866       65,043  
 
                 
Diluted
    64,455       65,907       68,109  
 
                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
                                                                 
                                            Accumulated                
    Common Stock     Additional                     Other             Total  
    Number of     $ 0.10     Paid-in     Deferred     Retained     Comprehensive     Treasury     Stockholders’  
    Shares     Par Value     Capital     Stock Units     Earnings     Income (Loss)     Stock     Equity  
Balance January 1, 2005
    90,435     $ 9,044     $ 406,295     $ 665     $ 318,682     $ 11,301     $ (348,327 )   $ 397,660  
Comprehensive income (loss):
                                                               
Net income
                            78,254                   78,254  
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax of $15
                                  23             23  
Unrealized gain on foreign currency forward contracts, net of tax of $1,703
                                  3,403             3,403  
Translation adjustment
                                  (13,861 )           (13,861 )
 
                                                             
Total comprehensive income
                                              67,819  
Purchase of treasury stock
                                        (123,769 )     (123,769 )
Common stock issued under employee stock option and purchase plans, including excess tax benefit
    1,442       144       26,505                               26,649  
Issuance of deferred stock units
                      651                         651  
 
                                               
Balance December 31, 2005
    91,877       9,188       432,800       1,316       396,936       866       (472,096 )     369,010  
 
                                                               
Comprehensive income (loss):
                                                               
Net income
                            93,678                   93,678  
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax of $29
                                  46             46  
Unrealized loss on foreign currency forward contracts, net of tax of $942
                                  (1,873 )           (1,873 )
Translation adjustment
                                  11,527             11,527  
 
                                                             
Total comprehensive income
                                              103,378  
Purchase of treasury stock
                                        (105,730 )     (105,730 )
Common stock issued under employee stock option and purchase plans, including excess tax benefit
    1,361       136       31,894                               32,030  
Common stock issued under employee restricted and deferred stock plans
    4             123       (123 )                        
Issuance of deferred stock units
                      659                               659  
Share-based compensation cost recognized
                10,514                               10,514  
 
                                               
Balance December 31, 2006
    93,242       9,324       475,331       1,852       490,614       10,566       (577,826 )     409,861  
 
                                                               
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
                (260 )           1,234                   974  
Comprehensive income (loss):
                                                               
Net income
                            94,014                   94,014  
Unrealized loss on investments, net of tax of $107
                                  (182 )           (182 )
Unrealized gain on foreign currency forward contracts, net of tax of $74
                                  19             19  
Translation adjustment
                                  12,302             12,302  
 
                                                             
Total comprehensive income
                                              106,153  
Purchase of treasury stock
                                        (118,842 )     (118,842 )
Common stock issued under employee stock option and purchase plans, including excess tax benefit
    1,231       123       31,565                               31,688  
Common stock issued under employee restricted and deferred stock plans
    31       3       29       (32 )                        
Issuance of deferred stock units
                      381                         381  
Share-based compensation cost recognized
                8,108                               8,108  
 
                                               
 
    94,504     $ 9,450     $ 514,773     $ 2,201     $ 585,862     $ 22,705     $ (696,668 )   $ 438,323  
 
                                               
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
                       
Net income
  $ 94,014     $ 93,678     $ 78,254  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    41,100       29,816       24,369  
Noncash (gain) on investments
    (166 )            
Navigator® inventory write-down and royalty license impairment
    10,138              
Write-down of long-term assets
          350        
Partner’s interest in loss of subsidiary
          (152 )     (452 )
Provision for uncollectible accounts
    614       1,070       121  
Benefit of deferred income taxes
    (9,074 )     (6,135 )     (4,477 )
Share-based compensation expense
    8,776       10,842       184  
Tax benefit from exercises of stock options
    (9,267 )     (9,407 )     7,808  
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
                       
Accounts receivable
    (25,535 )     (6,583 )     (9,300 )
Inventories
    (5,230 )     (25,679 )     7,433  
Other assets
    (8,558 )     158       (2,244 )
Accounts payable
    5,851       4,352       4,901  
Accrued liabilities
    31,924       17,882       10,184  
Deferred revenue
    537       (366 )     (229 )
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    135,124       109,826       116,552  
 
                 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
                       
Purchases of short- and long-term investments
          (79,810 )     (63,619 )
Sales and maturities of short- and long-term investments
    35,000       110,465       107,880  
Purchases of property and equipment
    (65,138 )     (32,331 )     (24,199 )
Purchase of land and buildings
          (12,084 )      
Net proceeds from sale of land and buildings
                2,751  
Acquisitions of equipment leased to customers
    (1,106 )     (1,720 )     (2,615 )
Acquisitions of intangible assets and businesses, net of cash acquired
    (89,884 )     (25,220 )     (7,604 )
 
                 
Net cash used by investing activities
    (121,128 )     (40,700 )     12,594  
 
                 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
                       
Borrowings on revolving credit facilities, net
    72,389              
Payment of other notes payable
    (2,397 )     (877 )     (2,057 )
Purchase of treasury stock
    (118,387 )     (105,711 )     (123,769 )
Proceeds from exercises of stock options
    20,941       20,922       18,841  
Tax benefit from exercises of stock options
    9,267       9,407        
 
                 
Net cash used by financing activities
    (18,187 )     (76,259 )     (106,985 )
Net effect of exchange rates on cash
    2,885       1,648       (2,166 )
 
                 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (1,306 )     (5,485 )     19,995  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    61,666       67,151       47,156  
 
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 60,360     $ 61,666     $ 67,151  
 
                 
 
                       
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
                       
Interest paid
  $ 4,142     $ 498     $ 40  
 
                 
Income taxes paid
  $ 36,662     $ 36,100     $ 34,346  
 
                 
 
                       
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Information:
                       
Market value of common shares received from employees in connection with share-based compensation – see Note 15
  $ 455     $ 18        
 
                 
Receivable for purchase price adjustment of business acquisitions
              $ 22  
 
                 
Consideration payable for acquisitions
  $ 1,707     $ 3,850        
 
                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. NATURE OF BUSINESS
We develop, manufacture and distribute products and provide services for the veterinary and the food and water testing markets. We also sell a line of portable electrolytes and blood gas analyzers for the human point-of-care medical diagnostics market. During 2007, we operated primarily through three business segments: products and services for the veterinary market, which we refer to as our Companion Animal Group (“CAG”), water quality products (“Water”) and products for production animal health, which we refer to as the Production Animal Segment (“PAS”). We also operate two smaller segments that comprise products for dairy quality, which we refer to as Dairy, and products for the human medical diagnostic market, which we refer to as OPTI Medical. Financial information about the Dairy and OPTI Medical operating segments are combined and presented in an “Other” category because they do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for reportable segments. Our products and services are sold worldwide. See Note 17 for additional information regarding our reportable operating segments, products and services, and geographical areas.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. and our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries, and all other entities in which we have a variable interest and are determined to be the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
On October 25, 2007, our board of directors approved a two-for-one split of the outstanding shares of our common stock, to be effected in the form of a 100% stock dividend. Each holder of common stock of record at November 5, 2007 received one additional share of common stock. The additional shares of common stock were distributed on November 26, 2007. As a result of the stock split, the number of outstanding common shares doubled to approximately 61 million shares.
All share and per share data (except par value) have been adjusted to reflect the effect of the stock split for all periods presented. In addition, the exercise of outstanding stock options and the vesting of other stock awards, as well as the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our various employee benefit plans, were proportionately increased in accordance with the terms of those respective agreements and plans.
(b) Estimates
The preparation of these financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates, including those related to bad debts; goodwill and other intangible assets; income taxes; inventory; investments; revenue recognition, including customer programs and incentives, product returns, and multiple element arrangements; share-based compensation; warranty reserves; and contingencies. We accrue contingent liabilities when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can reasonably be estimated. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
(c) Inventories
Inventories include material, labor and overhead, and are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. We write down inventory for estimated obsolescence when warranted by estimates of future demand, market conditions, and remaining shelf life. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those we estimated, additional inventory write-downs may be required, which would have a negative effect on results of operations.

 

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(d) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. When an item is sold or retired, the cost and related accumulated depreciation is relieved, and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized in the statement of income. We provide for depreciation and amortization primarily using the straight-line method by charges to income in amounts that allocate the cost of property and equipment over their estimated useful lives as follows:
     
Asset Classification   Estimated
Useful Life
 
Land improvements
  15 years
Buildings and improvements
  15–40 years
Leasehold improvements
  Shorter of life of lease or useful life
Machinery and equipment
  3–5 years
Office furniture and equipment
  3–7 years
We capitalize interest in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 34, “Capitalization of Interest Cost” (“SFAS No. 34”). Interest is capitalized on the acquisition and construction of significant assets that require a substantial period of time to be made ready for use. The capitalized interest is included in the cost of the completed asset and depreciated over the asset’s estimated useful life. In 2007, we began the renovation and expansion of our primary facility in Westbrook, Maine. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we capitalized $0.3 million of interest expenses related to this project. For periods prior to 2007, there were no acquisitions or construction of significant assets that required a substantial period of time to be made ready for use, and therefore no capitalized interest was recorded.
(e) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
A significant portion of the purchase price for acquired businesses is assigned to intangible assets. Intangible assets other than goodwill are initially valued at the lesser of fair value or, if applicable, fair value proportionately reduced by the excess of the fair value of acquired net assets over the purchase price (collectively, “fair value”) of the acquired business. If a market value is not readily available, the fair value of the intangible asset is estimated based on discounted cash flows using market participant assumptions, which are assumptions that are not specific to IDEXX. The selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and the estimation of discounted cash flows require significant assumptions about the timing and amounts of future cash flows, risks, appropriate discount rates, and the useful lives of intangible assets. When deemed appropriate by management, we utilize independent valuation experts to advise and assist us in allocating the purchase prices for acquired businesses to the fair values of the identified intangible assets and in determining appropriate amortization methods and periods for those intangible assets. Goodwill is initially valued based on the excess of the purchase price of a business combination over the fair values of acquired net assets.
We provide for amortization using the straight-line and accelerated methods by charges to income in amounts that allocate the intangible assets over their estimated useful lives as follows:
     
    Estimated
Asset Classification   Useful Life
 
Patents
  8–15 years
Other product rights
  2–15 years
Customer-related intangible assets
  2–15 years
Other, primarily noncompete agreements
  2–10 years
We assess goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or circumstances indicate an impairment may exist, in accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS No. 142”). For impairment testing, the fair values of the reporting units that include goodwill are estimated using a discounted cash flow approach. The cash flows used contain our best estimates, using appropriate and customary assumptions and projections at the time. Changes in forecast cash flows or the discount rate would affect the estimated fair values of reporting units and could result in a goodwill impairment charge in a future period. No impairments were identified as a result of the annual or event-driven reviews during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 or 2005.

 

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We assess the realizability of intangible assets other than goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (“SFAS No. 144”). If an impairment review is triggered, we evaluate the carrying value of intangible assets based on estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the remaining useful life of the assets and comparing that value to the carrying value of the assets. The cash flows that are used contain our best estimates, using appropriate and customary assumptions and projections at the time. No impairments were identified during the years ended December 31, 2006 or 2005. No impairments were identified during the year ended December 31, 2007, except as discussed in Note 8.
(f) Warranty Reserves
We provide for the estimated cost of instrument warranties in cost of product revenue at the time revenue is recognized based on the estimated cost to repair the instrument over its warranty period. Cost of revenue reflects not only estimated warranty expense for the systems sold in the current period, but also any changes in estimated warranty expense for the installed base that results from our quarterly evaluation of service experience. Our actual warranty obligation is affected by instrument performance in the customer’s environment and associated costs incurred in servicing instruments. Should actual service rates or costs differ from our estimates, which are based on historical data, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. Following is a summary of changes in accrued warranty reserve for products sold to customers for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively (in thousands):
                 
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006  
 
               
Balance, beginning of year
  $ 1,978     $ 3,159  
Provision for warranty expense
    2,133       1,625  
Liability assumed in connection with business acquisition
    86        
Change in estimate of prior warranty expense
    (38 )     (474 )
Settlement of warranty liability
    (2,492 )     (2,332 )
 
           
Balance, end of year
    1,667       1,978  
Long-term portion
          194  
 
           
Current portion of warranty reserves
  $ 1,667     $ 1,784  
 
           
(g) Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” This statement requires that we recognize a current tax liability or asset for current taxes payable or refundable, respectively, and a deferred tax liability or asset, as the case may be, for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between book and tax treatment of assets and liabilities and carryforwards to the extent they are realizable. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. While we consider future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance, in the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net recorded amount, a reduction of the valuation allowance would increase income in the period such determination was made. Likewise, should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would be charged to income in the period such determination was made.
We adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”) as of January 1, 2007. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in financial statements under SFAS No. 109 and prescribes a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, and financial statement disclosure of uncertain tax positions. Unrecognized tax benefits are the differences between tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, in tax returns, and the benefits recognized for accounting purposes pursuant to FIN 48.
Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes and our income tax filings are regularly under audit by tax authorities. Any audit result differing from amounts recorded in accordance with FIN 48 would increase or decrease income in the period that we determine such adjustment is likely. Interest expense and penalties associated with the underpayment of income taxes are included in income tax expense. See Note 11 for additional information regarding income taxes.

 

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(h) Sales and Value Added Taxes
We calculate, collect from our customers, and remit to governmental authorities sales, value added and excise taxes assessed by governmental authorities in connection with revenue-producing transactions with our customers. We report these taxes on a net basis and do not include these tax amounts in revenue or cost of revenue.
(i) Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when four criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the sales price is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectibility is reasonably assured. Revenue-generating transactions generally fall into one of the following categories of revenue recognition:
    We recognize revenue at the time of shipment to U.S. distributors for substantially all products sold through distributors as title and risk of loss pass to these customers on delivery to the common carrier. Our distributors do not have the right to return products. We recognize revenue for the remainder of our customers when the product is delivered to the customer except as noted below.
 
    We recognize revenue from the sales of instruments, noncancelable software licenses and hardware systems upon installation (and completion of training if applicable) and the customer’s acceptance of the instrument or system because at this time we have no significant further obligations.
 
    We recognize service revenue at the time the service is performed.
 
    We recognize revenue associated with extended maintenance agreements over the life of the contracts using the straight-line method, which approximates the expected timing in which applicable services are performed. Amounts collected in advance of revenue recognition are recorded as a current or long-term liability based on the time from the balance sheet date to the future date of revenue recognition.
 
    We recognize revenue on certain instrument systems under rental programs over the life of the rental agreement using the straight-line method. Amounts collected in advance of revenue recognition are recorded as a current or long-term liability based on the time from the balance sheet date to the future date of revenue recognition.
 
    We recognize revenue on certain instruments and practice information management systems sales, where the product includes software that is considered more than incidental to the utility and value of the product, by allocating the revenue to each element of the sale based on relative fair values of the elements including post-contract support. We recognize revenue for the instrument or system on installation and customer acceptance and recognize revenue equal to the fair value of the software update rights and post-contract support over the support period.
 
    Shipping costs reimbursed by the customer are included in revenue.
Multiple element arrangements. When multiple products and/or services are sold together, we generally allocate the total consideration received amongst the elements based on their relative fair values, which is determined by amounts charged separately for the delivered and undelivered elements to other customers. When there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered elements but no such evidence for the delivered elements, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the residual revenue is allocated to the delivered elements. The delivered elements are recognized as revenue when appropriate under the policies described above. If there is not sufficient evidence of the fair value of the undelivered elements, no revenue is allocated to the delivered elements and the total consideration received is deferred until delivery of those elements for which objective and reliable evidence of the fair value is not available.

 

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Customer programs. We record estimated reductions to revenue in connection with customer marketing programs and incentive offerings that may give customers credits or award points. Award points may be applied to trade receivables owed to us and/or toward future purchases of our products or services. We establish accruals for estimated revenue reductions attributable to customer programs and incentive offerings for each program. Revenue reductions are recorded quarterly based on issuance of credits, points earned but not yet issued, and estimates of credits and points to be earned in the future based on current revenue. Our two most significant customer programs are Practice Developer® and SNAP® up the SavingsTM (“SUTS”), both of which are offered only to North American customers. Our Practice Developer® program is a Companion Animal Group awards program that permits customers to earn points by purchasing quarterly minimums in certain product and service categories, including IDEXX Reference Laboratories services, VetTest® slides, VetTest® Snapreader reagents, LaserCyte® tubes, Feline and Canine SNAP® tests, and service and maintenance agreements. Points may then be applied against the purchase price for IDEXX products and services purchased in the future or applied to trade receivables due to us. SUTS is our volume incentive program for selected SNAP® tests that provides customers with benefits in the form of (1) discounts off invoice at the time of purchase and (2) points under the Practice Developer® program awarded quarterly throughout the SUTS program year (which ends on August 31) based on total purchase volume of qualified SNAP® products during the year. For the Practice Developer program, the accrued revenue reduction is calculated each quarter based on sales to end users during the quarter by either us or our distributors and on our estimate of future points to be issued upon sale of applicable product inventories held by distributors at the end of the quarter. As points are redeemed we recognize the benefit of points expected to expire, or breakage, using historical forfeiture rates. On November 30 of each year, unused points granted before January 1 of the prior year expire and any variance from the breakage estimate is accounted for as a change in estimate.
Doubtful accounts receivable. We recognize revenue only in those situations where collection from the customer is reasonably assured. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We base our estimates on detailed analysis of specific customer situations and a percentage of our accounts receivable by aging category. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances might be required. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when we believe the receivable will not be recovered.
(j) Research and Development and Software Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. In accordance with SFAS No. 86, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed” (“SFAS No. 86”), we evaluate our software research and development costs for capitalization after the technological feasibility of software and products containing software has been established. No software development costs have been capitalized by us because costs eligible for capitalization under SFAS No. 86 have been insignificant. Research and development expenses consist of salaries, employee benefits, materials and consulting costs.
(k) Advertising Costs
Advertising costs, which are recognized as sales and marketing expense in the period in which they are incurred, were $1.9 million, $1.5 million and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
(l) Share-Based Compensation
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS No. 123(R)”), which is a revision of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” and SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure—An Amendment of FASB No. 123” (collectively, “SFAS No. 123, as Amended”) and supersedes Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB No. 25”). During 2005 and 2006, the FASB also issued Staff Positions No. FAS 123(R)-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 and -6 to provide application guidance related to SFAS No. 123(R).
SFAS No. 123(R) requires all share-based compensation to employees, including grants of stock options, to be valued at fair value on the date of grant, and to be expensed over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). Prior to January 1, 2006, we measured costs related to employee share-based compensation plans in accordance with APB No. 25. Accordingly, no employee compensation cost was recognized for these plans prior to January 1, 2006.

 

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We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1, 2006 and elected the modified prospective method of transition to the fair-value-based method of accounting for share-based employee compensation prescribed by SFAS No. 123(R). Effective January 1, 2006, under the modified prospective method, share-based compensation expense includes expense for unvested awards at December 31, 2005 and all awards granted subsequent to December 31, 2005. Share-based compensation expense for the unvested awards outstanding at December 31, 2005 is based on the grant-date fair value previously calculated in developing the pro forma disclosures in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, as Amended.
In connection with the adoption of SFAS 123(R), we adopted the straight-line method to prospectively expense share-based awards granted subsequent to December 31, 2005. The graded-vesting, or accelerated, method has been used to record the expense for stock options granted prior to January 1, 2006.
Beginning in 2006, we modified our share-based employee compensation programs to shift from the grant of stock options and employee stock purchase rights only to the grant of a mix of restricted stock units and stock options, along with employee stock purchase rights. There were no modifications to the terms of outstanding options during 2007, 2006 or 2005.
We issue new shares of common stock to satisfy option and employee stock purchase right exercises and to settle restricted stock units and deferred stock units. At December 31, 2007, a remaining total of 3,437,000 shares of common stock was authorized by our shareholders and available for future grants of share-based compensation.
(m) Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expense accounts are translated using a weighted average of exchange rates in effect during the period. Cumulative translation gains and losses are shown in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Exchange gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in foreign currencies other than our subsidiaries’ respective functional currencies are included in operating expenses. Included in general and administrative expenses are aggregate foreign exchange currency transaction gains of $0.2 million and $0.8 million, and losses of $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2005, a cumulative translation loss of $0.5 million was transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income and included in general and administrative expenses as a result of the closure of our Sweden-based operation and the associated centralization of our European production animal diagnostics operations products manufacturing in Switzerland.
(n) Derivative Instruments and Hedging
We follow SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” as amended by SFAS No. 137, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—Deferral of the Effective Date of SFAS No. 133” and SFAS No. 138, “Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—An Amendment of SFAS No. 133” (“SFAS No. 133, as Amended”). SFAS No. 133, as Amended requires that all derivatives, including forward currency exchange contracts, be recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges must be recorded at fair value through earnings. If a derivative is a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged item through earnings or recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. We immediately record in earnings the extent to which a hedge is not effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value.
The primary purpose of our foreign currency hedging activities is to protect against the volatility associated with foreign currency transactions. We also utilize some natural hedges to mitigate our transaction and commitment exposures. Corporate policy prescribes the range of allowable hedging activity. We enter into exchange contracts with large multinational financial institutions and we do not hold or engage in transactions involving derivative instruments for purposes other than risk management. Our accounting policies for these contracts are based on our designation of such instruments as hedging transactions. Market gains and losses are deferred in prepaid expenses or accruals, as appropriate, until the contract matures, which is the period when the related obligation is settled. We primarily utilize forward exchange contracts with durations of less than 18 months.

 

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Our subsidiaries enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to minimize the impact of foreign currency fluctuations associated with their anticipated intercompany inventory purchases for the next year. From time to time, we may also enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to minimize the impact of foreign currency fluctuations associated with specific, significant transactions.
We enter into currency exchange contracts for amounts that are less than the full value of forecasted intercompany sales and for amounts that are equivalent to, or less than, other specific, significant transactions, thus no significant ineffectiveness has resulted or been recorded through the statements of income. Our hedging strategy related to intercompany inventory purchases provides that we employ the full amount of our hedges for the succeeding year at the conclusion of our budgeting process for that year, which is complete by the end of the preceding year. Quarterly, we enter into contracts to hedge incremental portions of anticipated foreign currency transactions for the following year. Accordingly, our risk with respect to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations may vary throughout each annual cycle.
In addition to hedges for anticipated 2007 intercompany inventory purchases, we had a foreign currency exchange contract outstanding at December 31, 2006 to hedge the repayment by our Canadian subsidiary of an intercompany loan denominated in U.S. Dollars that the subsidiary used to fund the acquisition of a veterinary reference laboratory business, which had a U.S dollar equivalent of $11.2 million at December 31, 2006. This contract expired on February 28, 2007, at which time the intercompany loan was repaid using funds borrowed under our credit facility.
In addition to hedges for anticipated 2008 intercompany inventory purchases, we had a foreign currency exchange contract outstanding at December 31, 2007 to hedge the repayment by our Canadian subsidiary of an intercompany loan denominated in Canadian dollars that the subsidiary used to fund the acquisitions of a veterinary reference laboratory businesses, which had a U.S dollar equivalent of $32.1 million at December 31, 2007.
At December 31, 2007, we recorded $1.3 million in unrealized losses through accumulated other comprehensive income, which is net of $0.6 million in taxes, from foreign exchange contracts with 2008 expiration dates. At December 31, 2006, we recorded $1.3 million in unrealized losses through accumulated other comprehensive income, which is net of $0.7 million in taxes, from foreign exchange contracts with 2007 expiration dates. The foreign currency contracts to hedge forecasted intercompany sales outstanding at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, consisted of the following (in thousands):
                 
Currency Sold   U.S. Dollar Equivalent  
    2007     2006  
 
               
Euro
  $ 60,965     $ 47,918  
British Pound
    24,198       20,650  
Canadian Dollar
    17,000       12,974  
Swiss Franc
    1,188        
Australian Dollar
    6,262       4,451  
Japanese Yen
    5,414       4,560  
 
           
 
  $ 115,027     $ 90,553  
 
           
                 
Currency Purchased   U.S. Dollar Equivalent  
    2007     2006  
 
               
Swiss Franc
  $ 6,604     $ 6,689  
Japanese Yen
    436       65  
 
           
 
  $ 7,040     $ 6,754  
 
           
Gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts intended as hedges for intercompany sales of goods are recorded in cost of product revenue. Included in cost of product revenue are foreign exchange losses of $5.7 million, $2.8 million, and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

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(o) Disclosure of Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Concentration of Risk
Financial instruments consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents, investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and notes payable. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are principally cash, cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivable. We place our investments in highly rated financial institutions and investment grade money market funds and municipal bonds. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited to certain customers to whom we make substantial sales. To reduce risk, we routinely assess the financial strength of our customers and closely monitor their amounts due to us and, as a consequence, believe that our accounts receivable credit risk exposure is limited. We maintain an allowance for potential credit losses, but historically have not experienced any significant credit losses related to an individual customer or group of customers in any particular industry or geographic area. The carrying amounts of our financial instruments approximate fair market value. See Note 17 for further discussion of concentration of credit risk of accounts receivable and Note 9 for discussion of interest rate risk regarding our revolving credit facility.
We currently purchase many products and materials from single sources or a limited number of sources. Some of the products that we purchase from these sources are proprietary, and, therefore, cannot be readily or easily replaced by alternative sources. If we are unable to obtain adequate quantities of these products in the future, we could face cost increases or reductions, or delays or discontinuations in product shipments, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
(p) Comprehensive Income
SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income,” requires us to report all changes in equity during a period resulting from net income and transactions or other events and circumstances from non-owner sources in a financial statement for the period in which they are recognized. We have chosen to disclose comprehensive income, which encompasses net income, foreign currency translation adjustments and the difference between the cost and the fair market value of investments in debt and equity securities and foreign exchange contracts, in the Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity. We consider the foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment to be permanently invested and, therefore, have not provided income taxes on those amounts.
Accumulated other comprehensive income consisted of the following at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2007     2006  
 
               
Unrealized loss on investments, net of tax
  $ (182 )   $  
Unrealized (loss) on forward exchange contracts, net of tax
    (1,301 )     (1,320 )
Cumulative translation adjustment
    24,188       11,886  
 
           
 
  $ 22,705     $ 10,566  
 
           
(q) Change in Accounting Principle
We adopted the provisions of Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) consensus on Issue 06-2, “Accounting for Sabbatical Leave and Other Similar Benefits Pursuant to FASB Statement No. 43, Accounting for Compensated Absences” (“EITF 06-2”) and FIN 48, as of January 1, 2007. EITF 06-2 requires that the costs associated with unrestricted sabbaticals and other similar benefit arrangements be recognized over the service period during which the employee earns the benefit. We provide an additional four weeks of compensated leave to all U.S. salaried employees in their tenth anniversary year of employment and again at each fifth year thereafter. As a result of adopting the provisions of EITF 06-2, we recognized an increase in assets of $1.2 million, an increase in liabilities of $3.0 million, and a decrease in retained earnings of $1.8 million at January 1, 2007. Beginning in 2007, we recognize estimated costs for estimated future compensated leave benefits as they are earned. See Note 11 for a discussion of our adoption of FIN 48.

 

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(r) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”). SFAS No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands financial statement disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are required as of the beginning of the first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007 and shall generally be applied prospectively. The FASB recently concluded to defer the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for one year for certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a nonrecurring basis. We are studying SFAS No. 157 and have not yet determined the expected impact of the implementation of this pronouncement on our financial position and results of operations, if any. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 will not have an effect on our cash flows.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“SFAS No. 159”). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible items at fair value (the “fair value option”). A business entity shall report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting period. The provisions of SFAS No. 159 are required as of the beginning of the first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. We are studying SFAS No. 159 and have not yet determined the expected impact of the implementation of this pronouncement.
In April 2007, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. FIN 39-1 (“FSP FIN 39-1”). FSP FIN 39-1 amends FIN 39, “Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Contracts.” FSP FIN 39-1 requires reporting entities to make an accounting policy decision whether or not to offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim, or the obligation to return, cash collateral arising from derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. FSP FIN 39-1 also requires related disclosures. If a reporting entity changes its accounting policy upon adoption of FSP FIN 39-1, the effects of applying FSP FIN 39-1 shall be retrospectively applied for all financial statements presented. The provisions of FSP FIN 39-1 are required as of the beginning of the first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. We do not expect the adoption of FSP FIN 39-1 to have a material impact on our financial position. The adoption of FSP FIN 39-1 will not have an effect on our results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141(R)”) which revised SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations”. SFAS No. 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. SFAS No. 141(R) also establishes disclosure requirements which will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. As the provisions of SFAS No. 141(R) are applied prospectively, the impact of this standard cannot be determined until the transactions occur.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements” (“SFAS No. 160”). SFAS No. 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest, changes in a parent’s ownership interest and the valuation of retained noncontrolling equity investments when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. SFAS No. 160 also establishes reporting requirements that provide sufficient disclosures that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The adoption of SFAS No. 160 will not have an effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
NOTE 3. ACQUISITION OF BUSINESSES AND OTHER ASSETS
We paid $86.6 million, $23.9 million and $7.5 million to acquire businesses and certain intangible assets that did not comprise businesses during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and recognized liabilities, including contingent liabilities and deferred tax liabilities associated with purchase accounting of $17.9 million, $4.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

 

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In January 2007, we acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of the Critical Care Division of Osmetech plc. The acquired business is based in the United States and develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes point-of-care electrolyte and blood gas analyzers and related consumable products for the human medical and veterinary diagnostics markets. In March 2007, we acquired all of the equity of Vita-Tech Canada Inc. (“Vita-Tech”) and Institut Pourquier SAS (“Pourquier”) in separate transactions. Vita-Tech is the largest provider of reference laboratory testing services to veterinarians in Canada and has operations in Toronto and Montreal, Canada. Pourquier is based in Montpellier, France and develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes production animal diagnostic products. In March and October, we acquired veterinary reference laboratories located in the United States. We also acquired certain assets of other veterinary reference laboratories during the year ended December 31, 2007 that did not comprise businesses.
The 2006 acquisitions included veterinary reference laboratories in the United States, Canada and South Africa; a veterinary practice information management software business based in the United States; and certain intellectual property and distribution rights from a diagnostics company based in Australia. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized incremental amortizable intangible assets of $0.3 million in connection with the finalization of purchase price allocations for certain 2006 acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we revised the purchase price allocations related to certain businesses acquired during the year ended December 31, 2006. The revisions to the purchase price allocations resulted in a decrease in goodwill assigned to the Companion Animal Group (“CAG”) segment of $0.8 million and a corresponding increase in property, equipment and other intangible assets. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we also made purchase price payments of $3.2 million related to the achievement of milestones by certain businesses acquired in prior years.
The 2005 acquisitions included veterinary reference laboratories in the United States and Europe and a digital radiography business based in the United States. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we recognized incremental amortizable intangible assets of $1.9 million in connection with the finalization of purchase price allocations for certain 2005 acquisitions.
We believe that the acquired businesses enhance our existing businesses by either expanding the geographic range of our existing businesses or expanding our existing product lines. We determined the purchase price of each acquired business based on our assessment of estimated future cash flows attributable to the business enterprise taken as a whole, the strength of the business in the marketplace, the strategic importance of the acquisition to IDEXX, and the seller’s desire to be acquired by IDEXX versus perceived alternatives. We recognized goodwill based on the excess of the purchase price for each business over the fair values of the individual tangible and separately identified intangible assets acquired, which were valued in accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.”
During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, we recognized goodwill of $45.2 million, $11.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, for acquired businesses and recognized amortizable intangible assets of $38.9 million, $13.3 million and $5.3 million, respectively.
We have commitments outstanding at December 31, 2007 for additional purchase price payments of up to $1.7 million in connection with acquisitions of businesses and intangible assets during the current and prior periods, of which $0.8 million is contingent on the achievement by certain acquired businesses of specified milestones.
The results of operations of the acquired businesses have been included since their respective acquisition dates. Pro forma information has not been presented because such information is not material to the financial statements taken as a whole.

 

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NOTE 4. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Selected financial impacts of share-based compensation, excluding the impact of deferred stock units issued under our Director Deferred Compensation Plan or our Executive Deferred Compensation Plan that do not have vesting conditions (which are described below), are presented in the table below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                 
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006  
 
               
Share-based compensation expense included in cost of revenue
  $ 710     $ 1,671  
Share-based compensation expense included in operating expense
    7,851       8,986  
 
           
Total share-based compensation expense
    8,561       10,657  
 
           
Income tax benefit in net income for share-based compensation expense
    (1,968 )     (1,845 )
Income tax benefit in net income for employees’ disqualifying dispositions of shares acquired through the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase rights
    (313 )     (57 )
 
           
Total income tax benefit
    (2,281 )     (1,902 )
 
           
Net impact of share-based compensation on net income
  $ 6,280     $ 8,755  
 
           
 
               
Net impact of share-based compensation on:
               
Earnings per share, basic
  $ 0.10     $ 0.14  
Earnings per share, diluted
  $ 0.10     $ 0.13  
For the year ended December 31, 2007, share-based compensation expense included $8.1 million for options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units with vesting conditions and $0.5 million for employee stock purchase rights. Share-based compensation expense was not affected by the two-for-one split of the outstanding shares of our common stock as discussed in Note 2.
Share-based compensation costs are classified in cost of revenue and operating expenses consistently with the classification of cash compensation paid to the employees receiving such share-based compensation. Capitalized share-based employee compensation cost at December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively, which was included in inventory on the consolidated balance sheet.
Our financial statements for periods ending prior to January 1, 2006 have not been restated or revised. Had compensation cost for the Company’s share-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2005 been determined consistent with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, as Amended, the Company’s net income and net income per common share would have been reduced to the following pro forma amounts (in thousands, except per share amounts):
         
    For the Year Ended  
    December 31, 2005  
 
       
Net income:
       
As reported
  $ 78,254  
Pro forma share-based employee compensation, net of tax
    (8,701 )
 
     
Pro forma net income
  $ 69,553  
 
     
 
       
Earnings per share:
       
Basic: as reported
  $ 1.20  
Basic: pro forma
    1.07  
Diluted: as reported
    1.15  
Diluted: pro forma
    1.02  

 

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The following table represents cash proceeds from employees’ exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase rights and the reduction of income taxes payable due to employees’ share-based compensation tax events (in thousands):
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
Cash proceeds from employee stock purchases and option exercised under all share-based payment arrangements
  $ 20,941     $ 20,922     $ 18,841  
 
                       
Reduction of income taxes payable due to employee’s share-based compensation tax
  $ 11,103     $ 10,692     $ 7,808  
Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123(R), we reported all income tax benefits resulting from the exercise of stock options as operating cash inflows in our consolidated statements of cash flows. SFAS 123(R) requires the benefits of tax deductions from the exercise of options in excess of the compensation cost for those options to be reported as financing cash inflows. FSP No. FAS 123(R)-3, “Transition Election Related to Accounting for the Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment Awards” provides an alternative transitional method of calculating the excess tax benefits available to absorb tax deficiencies recognized subsequent to the adoption of SFAS 123(R). In accordance with FSP No. FAS 123(R)-3, which we elected, the full amount of tax benefits related to exercises after December 31, 2005 of employee share-based compensation awards that were fully vested at December 31, 2005 are reported as financing cash inflows. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, $9.3 million and $9.4 million of tax benefits were reported as financing cash inflows rather than operating cash inflows, respectively.
The fair value of options, restricted stock units, deferred stock units with vesting conditions, and employee stock purchase rights awarded during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 totaled $18.2 million, $11.9 million and $15.7 million, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation cost for unvested share-based compensation awards outstanding at December 31, 2007 before consideration of estimated forfeitures, was $24.2 million. The weighted average remaining expense recognition period is approximately 2.0 years.
Stock Incentive Plan
During 2003, our board of directors approved the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2003 Stock Plan”) pursuant to which our employees and directors may receive various types of share-based incentives, including stock options, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and deferred stock units. Any shares that are subject to awards of options or stock appreciation rights will be counted against the share limit as one share for every share granted. Any shares that are subject to other awards, such as restricted stock, will be counted against the share limit as 2.1 shares for every share granted. A total of 6,300,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance under the 2003 Stock Plan, provided that no more than 6,300,000 shares will be available for the grant of incentive stock options, and no more than 1,200,000 shares will be available for awards other than stock options and stock appreciation rights (such as restricted stock). In addition, if any options granted under our prior plans, including the 1991 Stock Option Plan, the 1998 Stock Incentive Plan or the 2000 Director Option Plan, terminate, expire or are forfeited without having been exercised in full, the shares subject to such unexercised options are available for issuance under the 2003 Stock Plan. Options granted under the 2003 Stock Plan and prior plans may not be granted at an exercise price less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date granted (or less than 110% of the fair market value in the case of incentive stock options granted to holders of more than 10% of our Common Stock). Options may not be granted for a term of more than ten years. The vesting schedule of all options granted under the 2003 Stock Plan is determined by the compensation committee of our board of directors at the time of grant.
Options
Option awards are granted to employees with an exercise price equal to not less than the closing market price of our common stock at the date of grant and generally vest ratably over five years on each anniversary of the date of grant, conditional on continuous service. Options granted to non-employee directors vest fully on the first anniversary of the date of grant. Upon any change in control of the company, 25% of the unvested stock options then outstanding will vest and become exercisable. However, if the acquiring entity does not assume outstanding options, then all options will vest immediately prior to the change in control.

 

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We use the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model to determine the fair value of options granted. Option-pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, particularly for the expected stock price volatility. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate. Our expected stock price volatility assumptions are based on the historical volatility of our stock for the expected term and other relevant factors. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yields for the expected term in effect at the approximate date of grant. We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and we have no present intention to pay a dividend; therefore, we assumed that no dividends will be paid over the expected terms of option awards.
The use of the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, the general methods employed to develop the above described option valuation assumptions, and the vesting conditions of option awards are consistent with prior periods. Beginning in 2006, the contractual terms of employee option grants were reduced from ten years to seven years and we elected to use the simplified method described in the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, which is based on vesting and contractual terms, to develop the expected term assumption for 2006 and 2007 option awards. Additionally, beginning in 2006, share-based compensation expense is reduced for an estimate of the number of awards that are expected to be forfeited. We use historical data and other factors to estimate employee termination behavior and to evaluate whether particular groups of employees have significantly different forfeiture behaviors. Share-based compensation expense is reduced for an estimate of the number of awards that are expected to be forfeited. The estimate is based on historical data and other factors, and compensation expense is adjusted for actual results.
The weighted average valuation assumptions used to determine the fair value of each option grant on the date of grant and the weighted average estimated fair values were as follows:
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
Expected stock price volatility
    29 %     30 %     40 %
Expected term, in years
    5.0       5.0       5.8  
Risk-free interest rate
    4.7 %     4.6 %     4.2 %
 
Weighted average fair value of options granted
  $ 13.40     $ 13.39     $ 12.59  
A summary of the status of options granted under our share-based compensation plans at December 31, 2007, and changes during the year then ended, are presented in the table below:
                                 
                    Weighted        
                    Average        
            Weighted     Remaining     Aggregate  
    Number of     Average     Contractual     Intrinsic Value  
    Options (000)     Exercise Price     Term     ($000)  
 
                               
Outstanding at December 31, 2006
    6,275     $ 19.01                  
Granted
    553       44.85                  
Exercised
    (1,176 )     15.62                  
Forfeited
    (141 )     29.27                  
Expired
    (3 )     13.84                  
 
                           
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    5,508     $ 22.07       5.1     $ 201,379  
 
                               
Fully vested at December 31, 2007
    3,559     $ 16.54       4.4     $ 149,768  
 
                               
Fully vested and expected to vest, at December 31, 2007
    5,388     $ 21.71       5.0     $ 198,943  
Intrinsic value represents the amount by which the market price of the common stock exceeded the exercise price of the options, before applicable income taxes. The closing sale price of the common stock was $58.63 on the last business day of the year ended December 31, 2007. During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $38.9 million, $34.4 million and $25.4 million, respectively.

 

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The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $12.6 million, $12.8 million and $10.3 million, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
During 1997, our board of directors approved the 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, under which we reserved and may issue up to an aggregate of 1,240,000 shares of Common Stock in periodic offerings. Also during 1997, our board of directors approved the 1997 International Employee Stock Purchase Plan, under which we reserved and could issue up to an aggregate of 60,000 shares of Common Stock in semiannual offerings. The 1997 International Employee Stock Purchase Plan was terminated in February 2005, and there were no shares remaining thereunder at the time of termination.
Prior to July 1, 2005, stock was sold under each of these plans at 85% of its fair market value, as defined in the plans as the lower of the closing price of our common stock at the beginning of the period and the closing price of our common stock at the end of the period. For periods ended prior to July 1, 2005, in order to determine the pro forma impact under SFAS No. 123, as Amended, the fair value of the purchase rights issued under the employee stock purchase plan was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used to determine the fair value of employee purchase rights for the six months ended June 30, 2005:
         
    For the Six Months  
    Ended June 30, 2005  
 
       
Expected stock price volatility
    33.0 %
Expected term, in years
    0.5  
Risk-free interest rate
    3.4 %
Dividend yield
  None
Effective July 1, 2005, we amended our employee stock purchase plan to provide that stock is sold at 85% of the closing price of the stock on the last day of the period and to change the subscription period from six months to three months. The fair value of purchase rights under the revised program equals the 15% discount from the market price at the exercise date, which is the last day of the subscription period.
The following summarizes information about purchase rights issued under the employee stock purchase plan (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                         
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
Number of purchase rights issued
    61       62       77  
Fair value per purchase right issued
  $ 7.47     $ 6.24     $ 6.16  
Restricted and Other Deferred Stock Units With Vesting Conditions
Restricted stock unit awards to employees either vest ratably over five years on each anniversary of the date of grant, or vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant. Vesting is conditional on continuous service. Restricted stock units are converted to an equivalent number of shares of common stock upon vesting. Upon any change in control of the company, 25% of the unvested restricted stock units then outstanding under the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan will vest, provided, however, that if the acquiring entity does not assume the restricted stock units, then all such units will vest immediately prior to the change in control. Deferred stock units with vesting conditions awarded to non-employee directors under the Director Deferred Compensation Plan vest fully on the first anniversary of the date of grant. Except upon a change in control, as defined in the Director Deferred Compensation Plan, or certain limited circumstances, all deferred stock units will be exchanged for an equivalent number of shares of common stock one year following a director’s resignation or retirement. Upon a change in control, unvested deferred stock units vest immediately.

 

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The weighted average fair value per unit of restricted stock units granted during the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $42.65 and $39.00, respectively. The weighted average fair value per unit of deferred stock units with vesting conditions granted during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $41.94 and $38.73, respectively. There were no restricted stock units or deferred stock units with vesting conditions granted in 2005.
The fair values of restricted and deferred stock units with vesting conditions are based on the closing sale price of the common stock on the date of grant. We use historical data and other factors to estimate employee termination behavior and to evaluate whether particular groups of employees have significantly different forfeiture behaviors. Share-based compensation expense is reduced for an estimate of the number of awards that are expected to be forfeited. The estimate is based on historical data and other factors, and compensation expense is adjusted for actual results.
A summary of the status of restricted and other deferred stock units with vesting conditions granted under our share-based compensation plans at December 31, 2006, and changes during the period then ended, are presented in the table below:
                         
            Weighted        
            Average        
    Number     Remaining     Aggregate  
    of Units     Contractual     Intrinsic Value  
    (000)     Term     ($000)  
 
                       
Outstanding at December 31, 2006
    172                  
Granted
    243                  
Settled
    (44 )                
Forfeited
    (18 )                
 
                     
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    353       1.9     $ 20,549  
 
                       
Fully vested at December 31, 2007
                 
 
                       
Fully vested and expected to vest, at December 31, 2007
    353       1.9       20,549  
Deferred Stock Units With No Vesting Conditions
Under our Director Deferred Compensation Plan, non-employee directors also may defer a portion of their cash fees in the form of vested deferred stock units, each of which represents the right to receive one unissued share of our common stock. Directors receive a number of deferred stock units equal to the amount of cash fees deferred divided by the closing sale price of the common stock on the date of deferral. Under our Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Executive Plan”), certain members of our management may elect to defer a portion of their cash compensation in deferred stock units. These deferred stock units will be exchanged for a fixed number of shares of common stock on dates determined by the employee, subject to the limitations of the Executive Plan and applicable law. Except upon a change in control, as defined in the Director Deferred Compensation Plan and the Executive Plan, or certain other limited circumstances, directors and officers may not receive shares of common stock in settlement of deferred stock units earlier than one year following their resignation from the board or termination of their employment, respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, approximately 8,000, 16,000 and 22,000 deferred stock units valued at $0.7 million, $0.7 million, and $0.7 million were issued, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, 1,200 shares of common stock were issued to settle deferred stock units.
NOTE 5. CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of less than three months.

 

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We account for investments under SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” as available-for-sale. Investments are recorded at amortized cost and adjusted to fair market value through other comprehensive income. Short-term investments, which had a cost basis of $35.0 million at December 31, 2006, are investment securities with original maturities of greater than three months, but less than one year, from the balance sheet date. At December 31, 2006, we held $35.0 million of short-term investments in auction rate municipal securities classified as available-for-sale securities. Our investments in these securities are recorded at cost, which approximates fair market value due to their variable interest rates, which typically reset every 28 to 35 days, and, despite the long-term nature of their stated contractual maturities, we have the ability to quickly liquidate these securities. As a result, we had no cumulative gross unrealized holding gains (losses) or gross realized gains (losses) from these short-term investments. All income generated from these short-term investments was recorded as interest income in the consolidated statements of income. At December 31, 2007, we held no short-term investments.
NOTE 6. INVENTORY
Inventories include material, labor and overhead, and are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2007     2006  
 
Raw materials
  $ 35,537     $ 33,199  
Work-in-process
    16,425       13,804  
Finished goods
    46,842       48,993  
 
           
 
  $ 98,804     $ 95,996  
 
           
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized a write-down of nitazoxanide raw materials inventory of $9.1 million and a write-off of a prepaid royalty license of $1.0 million associated with Navigator®. These write-downs are included in cost of product revenue in the consolidated statement of income. Our analysis of the realizability of these assets was triggered upon our receipt of notice from the third-party contract manufacturer of finished goods that it would discontinue manufacturing the product in 2009. Because of the low production volume of Navigator®, we believed that we would not be able to enter into a replacement manufacturing arrangement on economically feasible terms, and therefore we would not be able to obtain the product after termination of the existing manufacturing arrangement. Accordingly, we evaluated our associated inventory for obsolescence based on our changed estimates of product availability and estimated future demand and market conditions. This inventory comprised $9.1 million of active ingredient and other raw materials, for which we recognized a full write-down during 2007. At December 31, 2007, this inventory, net of reserves, comprised less than $0.1 million of finished goods. Sales of Navigator® were $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Additionally, because of lower sales volume estimates and the reduced product life, we determined that we would not realize our related investment in prepaid royalties and, therefore, fully expensed this asset during 2007.
NOTE 7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2007     2006  
 
               
Land and improvements
  $ 7,754     $ 6,062  
Buildings and improvements
    54,072       50,105  
Leasehold improvements
    16,737       11,454  
Machinery and equipment
    92,139       72,146  
Office furniture and equipment
    61,472       43,632  
Construction in progress
    23,002       8,139  
 
           
 
    255,176       191,538  
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
    113,324       91,910  
 
           
Total property and equipment
  $ 141,852     $ 99,628  
 
           
Depreciation expense of property and equipment was $29.5 million, $21.6 million, and $17.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 respectively.

 

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In 2007, we began the renovation and expansion of our primary facility in Westbrook, Maine. Related to this project, for the year end December 31, 2007, we capitalized $0.3 million of interest expense. Capitalized interest is included in the cost of the completed asset and depreciated over the asset’s estimated useful life. For periods prior to 2007, there were no acquisitions or construction of significant assets that required a substantial period of time to be made ready for use, and therefore no capitalized interest was previously recorded.
Instruments placed with customers under certain minimum volume commitment programs are capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the instrument or the minimum volume commitment period.
NOTE 8. OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
Other noncurrent assets are as follows (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
Description   2007     2006  
 
               
Deferred tax assets
  $ 6,644     $ 3,253  
Cost of rental instruments sold under recourse, net
    495       3,121  
Other assets
    11,111       3,116  
 
           
 
  $ 18,250     $ 9,490  
 
           
Rental instruments sold under recourse are amortized over their estimated useful life of three years. Amortization expense of rental instruments sold under recourse was $2.3 million, $2.7 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Intangible assets other than goodwill consisted of the following (in thousands):
                                 
    December 31, 2007     December 31, 2006  
            Accumulated             Accumulated  
    Cost     Amortization     Cost     Amortization  
 
                               
Patents
  $ 10,895     $ 4,003     $ 10,491     $ 2,932  
Other product rights
    27,838       10,428       18,743       7,660  
Customer-related intangible assets
    57,907       8,011       25,955       3,496  
Other, primarily noncompete agreements
    6,416       2,299       3,521       1,269  
 
                       
 
  $ 103,056     $ 24,741     $ 58,710     $ 15,357  
 
                       
Amortization expense of intangible assets was $9.1 million, $5.4 million and $3.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized $38.9 million of amortizable intangible assets related to business acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we also recognized incremental amortizable intangible assets of $0.3 million in connection with the finalization of purchase price allocations for certain 2006 business acquisitions. The weighted average amortization periods for other product rights, customer-related intangible assets, and other intangible assets acquired during 2007 in connection with business acquisitions were 13 years, 12 years and 6 years, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we recognized $13.3 million of amortizable intangible assets related to business acquisitions and $0.7 million related to the acquisition of the additional ownership interest in a joint venture in China. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we also recognized incremental amortizable intangible assets of $1.9 million in connection with the finalization of purchase price allocations for certain 2005 business acquisitions and we acquired licenses for $0.4 million. The weighted average amortization periods for patents, other product rights, customer-related intangible assets, and other intangible assets acquired during 2006 in connection with business acquisitions were 8 years, 3 years, 12 years and 7 years, respectively. See Notes 3 and 13 for additional information. The remaining change in the cost of intangible assets other than goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 resulted primarily from changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

 

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The aggregate amortization expense associated with intangible assets owned at December 31, 2007 is expected to be as follows for each of the next five years (in thousands):
         
    Amortization  
    Expense  
 
       
2008
  $ 9,940  
2009
    9,172  
2010
    8,654  
2011
    8,049  
2012
    7,427  
Goodwill consisted of the following (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2007     2006  
 
               
CAG segment
  $ 131,004     $ 80,752  
Water segment
    17,566       17,282  
Production animal segment
    9,529       6,792  
 
           
 
  $ 158,099     $ 104,826  
 
           
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized $45.2 million of goodwill (of which $27.5 million is expected to be tax deductible) related to business acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we revised the purchase price allocations related to certain businesses acquired during the year ended December 31, 2006. The revised purchase price allocations resulted in a decrease in goodwill assigned to the Companion Animal Group (“CAG”) segment of $0.8 million and a corresponding increase in property, equipment and other intangible assets. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we recognized $11.0 million of goodwill (of which $2.0 million is expected to be tax deductible) related to business acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we also recognized purchase accounting adjustments related to goodwill. See Note 3 for additional information. The remaining changes in the cost of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 resulted primarily from changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
During 2007, we recognized an impairment charge to write-off a prepaid royalty license of $1.0 million associated with Navigator® paste, our Nitazoxanide product for the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. We also recognized a related inventory write-down as described in Note 6. Based on our changed estimates of product availability and estimated future demand and market conditions, we determined that we would not realize our investment in prepaid royalties and, therefore, fully expensed this asset.
We assessed goodwill attributable to our pharmaceutical business for impairment at June 30, 2007 due to the matters discussed above and the resulting Nitazoxanide inventory write-down and prepaid royalty license impairment charge. The goodwill attributable to our pharmaceutical business of $13.7 million was not impaired at June 30, 2007, or subsequently, when evaluated as part of the annual assessment.

 

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NOTE 9. DEBT
In May 2006, we acquired our Westbrook, Maine facility. We paid cash of $11.5 million and assumed a mortgage that had a face value of $6.5 million and a stated interest rate of 9.875%. We recorded the mortgage at a fair market value of $7.5 million, based on an effective market interest rate of 6.05%. The mortgage is payable in equal monthly installments of approximately $0.1 million through May 1, 2015. Annual mortgage principal payments at December 31, 2007, based on the fair market value of the mortgage at the assumption date, are as follows (in thousands):
         
Years Ending December 31,   Amount  
 
       
2008
  $ 720  
2009
    765  
2010
    813  
2011
    864  
2012
    917  
Thereafter
    2,368  
 
     
 
  $ 6,447  
 
     
In January 2007, we entered into an unsecured short-term revolving credit facility with a bank in the principal amount of $125.0 million that matured on June 30, 2007. On March 30, 2007, we refinanced this short-term facility by entering into an unsecured revolving credit facility with four multinational banks that matures on March 30, 2012 (the “Credit Facility”). In February 2008, we increased the aggregate principal amount available under our Credit Facility to $200.0 million. The Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes, including repurchases of our common stock and business acquisitions. The applicable interest rates generally range from 0.375% to 0.875% above the London interbank rate or the Canadian Dollar-denominated bankers’ acceptance rate, dependent on our leverage ratio. At December 31, 2007, the average interest rate for borrowings under the Credit Facility was 5.27%. Under the Credit Facility, we pay quarterly commitment fees of 0.08% to 0.20%, dependent on our leverage ratio, on any unused commitment. The Credit Facility contains financial and other affirmative and negative covenants, as well as customary events of default, that would allow any amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility to be accelerated, or restrict our ability to borrow thereunder, in the event of noncompliance. The financial covenant requires our ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as defined by the agreement, not to exceed 3-to-1. At December 31, 2007, we had $72.2 million outstanding under the Credit Facility.
We assumed $0.1 million of unsecured notes payable in connection with a business acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2007. This note bears interest at 8.0%.
NOTE 10. EXIT ACTIVITY
During the year ended December 31, 2005, we consolidated our European production animal diagnostics manufacturing operations in Bern, Switzerland, the location of the production animal diagnostics company we acquired in December 2004. In connection with this consolidation, we ceased operations in Sweden. We recognized expenses of $1.0 million associated with this exit activity during the year ended December 31, 2005. The total costs included a cumulative translation adjustment write-off of $0.5 million, employee termination benefits of $0.2 million, and building lease termination costs of $0.1 million, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income. The total costs also included employee termination benefits of $0.2 million that are included in costs of product revenue. At December 31, 2005, accrued expenses included building lease termination costs of $0.1 million which were subsequently paid in January 2006. We did not incur significant expenses associated with this activity during the years ended December 31, 2007 or 2006.
NOTE 11. INCOME TAXES
We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in financial statements under SFAS No. 109 and prescribes a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, and financial statement disclosure of uncertain tax positions. Unrecognized tax benefits are the differences between tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, in tax returns, and the benefits recognized for accounting purposes pursuant to FIN 48. As a result of adopting the provisions of FIN 48, we recognized an increase in assets of $4.0 million, an increase in liabilities of $1.1 million, a decrease in additional paid-in capital of $0.2 million, and an increase in retained earnings of $3.1 million at January 1, 2007. In connection with the adoption of FIN 48, we have classified uncertain tax positions as long-term liabilities.

 

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The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at January 1, 2007 was $9.8 million. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2007 was $5.1 million. Of the total unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2007, $4.7 million comprised unrecognized tax positions that would, if recognized, affect our effective tax rate. The ultimate deductibility of the remaining unrecognized tax positions of $0.4 million is highly certain but there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. Because of the impact of deferred tax accounting, other than interest and penalties, the disallowance of the shorter deductibility period would not affect the annual effective tax rate but would accelerate the payment of cash to the taxing authority to an earlier period.
In the ordinary course of our business, our income tax filings are regularly under audit by tax authorities. While we believe we have appropriately provided for all uncertain tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could be greater or less than our accrued position. Accordingly, additional provisions on income tax matters, or reductions of previously accrued provisions, could be recorded in the future as we revise our estimates due to changing facts and circumstances or the underlying matters are settled or otherwise resolved. We are currently undergoing tax examinations by various international and state tax authorities and we anticipate that these examinations will be concluded within the next year. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal examinations for tax years before 2005. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to income tax examinations in any state and local, or international jurisdictions in which we conduct significant taxable activities for years before 2002.
We recognize accrued interest expense and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the year we recorded interest expense and penalties of $0.7 million in our consolidated statement of income and, at December 31, 2007, we had $0.6 million of interest expense and penalties accrued in our consolidated balance sheet.
The following table summarizes the changes in unrecognized tax benefits during the year ended December 31, 2007 (in thousands):
         
Total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits at January 1, 2007
  $ 9,813  
Gross decreases in unrecognized tax benefits as a result of tax positions taken during a prior period
    (3,932 )
Gross increases in unrecognized tax benefits as a result of tax positions taken in the current period
    1,126  
Decreases in unrecognized tax benefits relating to settlements with taxing authorities
    (1,710 )
Decreases in unrecognized tax benefits as a result of a lapse of the applicable statutes of limitations
    (293 )
Net effect of international currency translation
    82  
 
     
Total Amounts of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2007
  $ 5,086  
 
     
In the next year, we could recognize approximately $0.5 million of income tax benefits that have not been recognized at December 31, 2007 in accordance with FIN 48. The income tax benefits are primarily due to the lapse in the statutes of limitations for various international and state tax jurisdictions.
Earnings before income taxes were as follows (in thousands):
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
Domestic
  $ 92,554     $ 100,445     $ 85,401  
International
    42,289       30,457       33,523  
 
                 
 
  $ 134,843     $ 130,902     $ 118,924  
 
                 

 

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The provisions for income taxes comprised the following (in thousands):
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
Current
                       
Federal
  $ 38,077     $ 35,409     $ 30,070  
State
    3,398       5,512       4,680  
International
    8,429       2,438       10,397  
 
                 
 
    49,904       43,359       45,147  
 
                 
 
                       
Deferred
                       
Federal
    (8,507 )     (4,064 )     (3,020 )
State
    754       (555 )     (277 )
International
    (1,322 )     (1,516 )     (1,180 )
 
                 
 
    (9,075 )     (6,135 )     (4,477 )
 
                 
 
  $ 40,829     $ 37,224     $ 40,670  
 
                 
The provisions for income taxes differ from the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate as follows:
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
U.S. federal statutory rate
    35.0 %     35.0 %     35.0 %
State income tax, net of federal tax benefit
    1.4       2.3       2.4  
International income taxes
    (4.7 )     (4.5 )     (1.9 )
Extraterritorial income exclusions
          (1.0 )     (0.6 )
Nontaxable interest income
          (0.5 )     (0.6 )
Domestic manufacturing exclusions
    (1.3 )     (0.4 )     (0.5 )
Research and experiment credit
    (1.5 )     (0.3 )     (0.5 )
Tax on dividend repatriations
                0.5  
Other, net
    1.4       (2.2 )     0.4  
 
                 
Effective tax rate
    30.3 %     28.4 %     34.2 %
 
                 
Our effective income tax rate was 30.3% for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 28.4% for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in tax rate is primarily attributable to several non-recurring items that benefited the tax rate in the year ended December 31, 2006. These 2006 items included the resolution of an income tax audit for years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, a reduction of previously recorded deferred tax liabilities as a result of obtaining certain multi-year tax incentives and the release of a valuation allowance on international deferred tax assets as a result of a foreign subsidiary demonstrating consistent sustained profitability. Offsetting the impact of the items occurring in 2006 were several favorable impacts to our rate that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2007. These items included an increase in certain federal tax incentives due to changes in legislation, tax benefits related to reductions in international rates, and the recognition of state tax benefits resulting from the completion of an audit.
Our effective income tax rate was 28.4% for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared with 34.2% for the year ended December 31, 2005. The majority of this rate differential resulted from the favorable impact in 2006 of the items described above. These rate-reducing adjustments were partly offset by the nonrecognition, in 2006, of tax benefits on compensation expense for incentive stock options and employee stock purchase rights that were recognized in accordance with our adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) effective January 1, 2006. In addition, 2005 tax expense increased due to incremental taxes on repatriations pursuant to the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004.

 

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The components of the net deferred tax assets (liabilities) included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    2007     2006  
    Current     Long-Term     Current     Long-Term  
 
                               
Assets:
                               
Accrued expenses
  $ 11,345     $ 1,484     $ 9,188     $  
Accounts receivable reserves
    583             401        
Deferred revenue
    2,805       1,914       2,482       1,989  
Inventory basis differences
    7,348             3,409        
Property-based differences
          1,998             1,475  
Share-based compensation
    596       3,413       784       1,750  
Other
    93       191       20       5  
Net operating loss carryforwards
    167       4,179             4,019  
Unrealized losses on foreign exchange contracts and investments
    732             659        
 
                       
Total assets
    23,669       13,179       16,943       9,238  
 
                       
Valuation allowance
    (203 )     (4,038 )     (59 )     (4,015 )
 
                       
Total assets, net of valuation allowance
    23,466       9,141       16,884       5,223  
 
                       
 
                               
Liabilities:
                               
Cost of rental instruments sold under recourse
          (380 )           (774 )
Property-based differences
          (804 )           (297 )
Intangible asset basis differences
          (15,867 )           (7,920 )
Other
    (121 )           (107 )     (147 )
 
                       
Total liabilities
    (121 )     (17,051 )     (107 )     (9,138 )
 
                       
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
  $ 23,345       (7,910 )   $ 16,777     $ (3,915 )
 
                       
At December 31, 2007, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards in certain state jurisdictions of approximately $51.6 million available to offset future taxable income. Most of these net operating loss carryforwards will expire at various dates through 2022 and the remainder have indefinite lives. We have recorded a valuation allowance for all of these assets because realizability is uncertain.
We consider certain operating earnings of non-United States subsidiaries to be indefinitely invested outside the United States. The cumulative earnings of these subsidiaries were $129.6 million at December 31, 2007. No provision has been made for United States federal and state, or international taxes that may result from future remittances of these undistributed earnings of non-United States subsidiaries. Should we repatriate these earnings in the future, we would have to adjust the income tax provision in the period in which the decision to repatriate earnings is made. For the operating earnings not considered to be indefinitely invested outside the United States, we have accrued taxes on a current basis.

 

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NOTE 12. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and vested deferred stock units outstanding during the year. The computation of diluted earnings per share is similar to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased for the assumed exercise of dilutive options and other potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock method unless the effect is anti-dilutive.
The following is a reconciliation of shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands):
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
Shares outstanding for basic earnings per share:
                       
Weighted average shares outstanding
    61,481       62,806       64,998  
Weighted average vested deferred stock units outstanding
    79       60       45  
 
                 
 
    61,560       62,866       65,043  
 
                 
 
                       
Shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share:
                       
Shares outstanding for basic earnings per share
    61,560       62,866       65,043  
Dilutive effect of options issued to employees and directors
    2,807       3,014       3,066  
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units issued to employees
    77       16        
Dilutive effect of nonvested deferred stock units issued to directors
    11       11        
 
                 
 
    64,455       65,907       68,109  
 
                 
Certain deferred stock units outstanding are included in shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share because the associated shares of our common stock are issuable for no cash consideration, the number of shares of our common stock to be issued is fixed and issuance is not contingent. See Note 4 for additional information regarding deferred compensation plans.
Certain options to acquire shares and restricted stock units have been excluded from the calculation of shares outstanding for dilutive earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive. The following table presents information concerning those anti-dilutive options (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
Weighted average number of shares underlying anti-dilutive options
    492       277        
Weighted average exercise price per underlying share of anti-dilutive options
  $ 44.66     $ 38.33     $  
 
                       
Weighted average number of shares underlying anti-dilutive restricted stock units
    4       4        
The following table presents additional information concerning the exercise prices of vested and unvested options outstanding at the end of the period (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                 
    December 31,  
    2007     2006  
 
               
Closing price per share of our common stock
  $ 58.63     $ 39.65  
 
           
 
               
Number of shares underlying options outstanding with exercise prices below the closing price
    5,508       6,276  
Number of shares underlying options outstanding with exercise prices equal to or above the closing price
           
 
           
Total number of shares underlying outstanding options
    5,508       6,276  
 
           

 

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NOTE 13. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES
We lease multiple facilities under operating leases that expire through 2021. In addition, we are responsible for the real estate taxes and operating expenses related to these facilities. We also have lease commitments for automobiles and office equipment. Rent expense charged to operations under operating leases was approximately $10.9 million, $8.8 million and $7.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Minimum annual rental payments under these agreements are as follows (in thousands):
         
Years Ending December 31,   Amount  
 
       
2008
  $ 9,498  
2009
    8,461  
2010
    7,270  
2011
    5,868  
2012
    5,208  
Thereafter
    18,244  
 
     
 
  $ 54,549  
 
     
We purchase the slides sold for use in our VetTest® Chemistry Analyzers under an agreement with Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. (“Ortho”) that, at December 31, 2007, required us to purchase a minimum of $35.4 million of slides through 2010. We also have commitments under certain other agreements that commit us to aggregate future payments of $10.2 million. In addition, we have various minimum royalty payments due through 2024 of $10.9 million.
In connection with the acquisitions of businesses and intangible assets, we have commitments outstanding at December 31, 2007 for additional purchase price payments of up to $1.7 million, of which $0.8 million is contingent on the achievement by certain acquired businesses of specified milestones. Additionally, we have agreed to make payments of up to $0.8 million to sellers of certain acquired businesses that are conditional upon those sellers providing future services to IDEXX for specified periods of time.
Prior to April 2006, we had a 40% equity interest in a joint venture to market production animal diagnostic products in China. In April 2006, we paid $0.6 million to acquire an additional 55% equity interest in the joint venture from our partner and we also committed to pay an additional $0.2 million over two years in consideration for the additional equity. In addition, the joint venture entered into a contract with the joint venture partner where the partner provides promotional and agency services and receives sales commissions at rates escalating from 2.5% to 8.5% annually based on sales volume. In connection with this step acquisition, we recognized $0.7 million of intangible assets in the Production Animal Segment.
Contingencies
We are subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including with respect to actual and threatened litigation and other matters. We accrue contingent liabilities when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can reasonably be estimated. However, our actual losses with respect to these contingencies could exceed our accruals.
On June 30, 2006, Cyntegra, Inc. filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging that we had violated U.S. federal antitrust laws and California state unfair trade practices laws. The complaint alleged, among other things, that we were monopolizing the U.S. market for companion animal diagnostic products. On October 26, 2007 the Court granted summary judgment in our favor on all of Cyntegra’s claims and dismissed the suit. Cyntegra has appealed this decision. We will continue to defend ourselves vigorously, as we believe Cyntegra’s claims are without merit.
Under our workers’ compensation insurance policies for U.S. employees since January 1, 2003, we have retained the first $250,000 in claim liability per incident and $2.8 million, $3.1 million, $2.8 million, $3.0 million and $1.4 million, for 2007 through 2003, respectively, in aggregate claim liability. The insurance company provides insurance for claims above the individual occurrence and aggregate limits. We estimate claim liability based on claims incurred and the estimated ultimate cost to settle the claims. Based on this analysis, we have recognized cumulative expenses of $0.3 million, $1.2 million, $0.5 million, $0.8 million and $0.9 million for claims incurred during the years ended December 31, 2007 through 2003, respectively. Claims incurred during the year ended December 31, 2007 and year ended December 31, 2006 are relatively new and significant additional healthcare and wage indemnification costs could arise from those claims. Our liability for claims incurred during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 could exceed our estimates and we could be liable for up to $2.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in excess of the expense we have recognized. For the three years ended on or prior to December 31, 2005, based on our retained claim liability per incident and our aggregate claim liability, our maximum liability at December 31, 2007 is $0.4 million in excess of the amounts deemed probable and previously recognized.

 

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Under our current employee health care insurance policy, we retain claims liability risk up to $250,000 per incident. We estimate our liability for the uninsured portion of employee health care obligations that have been incurred but not reported based on individual coverage, our claims experience, and the average time from when a claim is incurred to the time it is paid. We recognized employee health care claim expense of $14.3 million, $10.8 million and $9.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, which includes actual claims paid and an estimate for our liability for the uninsured portion of employee health care obligations that have been incurred but not paid. Should employee health insurance claims exceed our estimated liability, we would have further obligations.
We have entered into employment agreements with two of our officers whereby payments may be required if we terminate their employment without cause other than following a change in control. The amounts payable are based upon the executives’ salaries at the time of termination and the cost to us of continuing to provide certain benefits. Had both of such officers been terminated at December 31, 2007, we would have had aggregate obligations for salaries and benefits of approximately $2.1 million under such agreements. We have entered into employment agreements with each of our officers that require us to make certain payments in the event the officer’s employment is terminated under certain circumstances within a certain period following a change in control of our stock. The amounts payable by us under these agreements is based on the officer’s salary and bonus history at the time of termination and the cost to us of continuing to provide certain benefits. Had all of our officers been terminated in qualifying terminations following a change in control at December 31, 2007, we would have had aggregate obligations of approximately $13.1 million under these agreements. These agreements also provide for the acceleration of the vesting of all stock options and restricted stock units upon any qualifying termination following a change in control.
From time to time, we have received notices alleging that our products infringe third-party proprietary rights, although we are not aware of any pending litigation with respect to such claims. Patent litigation frequently is complex and expensive, and the outcome of patent litigation can be difficult to predict. There can be no assurance that we will prevail in any infringement proceedings that may be commenced against us. If we lose any such litigation, we may be stopped from selling certain products and/or we may be required to pay damages as a result of the litigation.
Guarantees
The following is a summary of our agreements and obligations that we have determined to be within the scope of FIN 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others, an Interpretation of FASB No. 5, 57 and 107 and a Rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34” (“FIN 45”).
In October 2005, our former supplier of VetAutoread™ Hematology Analyzers and consumables sold this business (including the human hematology testing products division) and we simultaneously entered into a new supply agreement for these products with the acquirer of the business. Under this new supply agreement, we received fixed pricing on certain products through December 31, 2020, among other benefits. In partial consideration for this new supply agreement, we paid cash of $2.5 million to the acquirer and guaranteed the acquirer’s note (the “Note”) in the principal amount of $3.5 million given to our former supplier in partial consideration for the business. The acquirer is obligated to pay the Note through quarterly principal and interest payments through 2008 and to pay the remaining balance in 2008. The principal balance of the note that we have guaranteed was $1.7 million at December 31, 2007. We recorded the fair value of the guaranty of $0.5 million and recognized the associated assets at the effective date of the agreement. At December 31, 2007, we have written off the guaranty liability because our recognized contractual liabilities to the supplier exceed the principal balance of the Note and a legal right of offset exists whereby we may elect to pay to the holder of the Note the amounts otherwise due to the supplier. We are obligated to make a second payment of $1.25 million upon the achievement of certain milestones by the acquirer, which occurred in January 2008, and a third payment of $1.25 million in January 2009. The proceeds of the second payment were used to reduce the Note balance. In February 2008, the acquirer paid the remaining payment under the Note, which released our guaranty.

 

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We enter into agreements with third parties in the ordinary course of business under which we are obligated to indemnify such third parties for and against various risks and losses. The precise terms of such indemnities vary with the nature of the agreement. In many cases, we limit the maximum amount of our indemnification obligations, but in some cases those obligations may be theoretically unlimited. We have not incurred material expenses in discharging any of these indemnification obligations, and based on our analysis of the nature of the risks involved, we believe that the fair value of these agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have recorded no liabilities for these obligations at December 31, 2007 and 2006.
When acquiring a business, we sometimes assume liability for certain events or occurrences that took place prior to the date of acquisition. However, we do not believe that we have any probable pre-acquisition liabilities or guarantees that should be recognized at December 31, 2007 and 2006.
NOTE 14. PREFERRED STOCK
Our board of directors is authorized, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, without further stockholder approval, to issue from time to time up to 500,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $1.00 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”), in one or more series. Each such series of Preferred Stock shall have such number of shares, designations, preferences, voting powers, qualifications and special or relative rights or privileges as shall be determined by the board of directors, which may include, among others, dividend rights, voting rights, redemption and sinking fund provisions, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and preemptive rights.
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock
On December 17, 1996, we designated 100,000 shares of Preferred Stock as Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (“Series A Stock”) in connection with the adoption of our Shareholder Rights Plan. In general, each share of Series A Stock will: (i) be entitled to a minimum preferential quarterly dividend of $10 per share and to an aggregate dividend of 1,000 times the dividend declared per share of Common Stock, (ii) in the event of liquidation, be entitled to a minimum preferential liquidation payment of $1,000 per share (plus accrued and unpaid dividends) and to an aggregate payment of 1,000 times the payment made per share of Common Stock, (iii) have 1,000 votes, voting together with the Common Stock, (iv) in the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which Common Stock is exchanged, be entitled to receive 1,000 times the amount received per share of Common Stock and (v) not be redeemable. These rights are protected by customary anti-dilution provisions. There are no shares of Series A Stock outstanding and the Shareholder Rights Plan expired on December 31, 2007.
NOTE 15. TREASURY STOCK
The board of directors has authorized the repurchase of up to 40,000,000 shares of our common stock in the open market or in negotiated transactions. We believe that the repurchase of our common stock is a favorable investment and we also repurchase to offset the dilutive effect of our employee share-based compensation programs. Repurchases of our common stock may vary depending upon the level of other investing activities and the share price.
From the inception of the program in August 1999 to December 31, 2007, we repurchased 33,148,000 shares for $690.2 million. From the inception of the program to December 31, 2007, we also received 352,000 shares of stock with a market value of $6.5 million that were surrendered by employees in payment for the minimum required withholding taxes due on the exercise of stock options, vesting of restricted stock units and settlement of deferred stock units, and in payment for the exercise price of stock options.

 

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Information about our treasury stock purchases and other receipts is presented in the table below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
Treasury shares acquired
    2,588       2,675       3,986  
Total cost of treasury shares
  $ 118,842     $ 105,730     $ 123,769  
Average cost per share
  $ 45.93     $ 39.51     $ 31.05  
NOTE 16. IDEXX RETIREMENT AND INCENTIVE SAVINGS PLAN
We have established the IDEXX Retirement and Incentive Savings Plan (the “401(k) Plan”). Employees eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan may contribute specified percentages of their salaries, a portion of which will be matched by us. We matched $3.4 million, $2.7 million, and $2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In addition, we may make contributions to the 401(k) Plan at the discretion of the board of directors. There were no discretionary contributions in 2007, 2006, and 2005.
NOTE 17. SEGMENT REPORTING
We disclose information regarding our segments in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” (“SFAS No. 131”). SFAS No. 131 requires disclosures about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires selected information about operating segments in interim financial statements. It also requires related disclosures about products and services and about geographic areas. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our chief operating decision-maker is the Chief Executive Officer.
We are organized into business units by market and customer group. Our reportable segments include: products and services for the veterinary market, which we refer to as our Companion Animal Group (“CAG”), water quality products (“Water”), and products for production animal health, which we refer to as the Production Animal Segment (“PAS”). We also operate two smaller segments that comprise products for dairy quality, which we refer to as Dairy, and products for the human medical diagnostic market, which we refer to as OPTI Medical. Financial information about the Dairy and OPTI Medical operating segments are combined and presented in an “Other” category because they do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for reportable segments. CAG develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes products and performs services for veterinarians. Water develops, designs, manufactures and distributes products to detect contaminants in water. PAS develops, designs, manufactures and distributes products to detect disease in production animals. Dairy develops, designs, manufactures and distributes products to detect contaminants in dairy products. OPTI Medical develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes point-of-care electrolyte and blood gas analyzers and related consumable products for the human medical diagnostics market. The segment information for the year ended December 31, 2005 has been restated to conform to our presentation of reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. Previously, PAS and Dairy were aggregated into a single reportable segment, which we referred to as the Food Diagnostics Group.
Items that are not allocated to our operating segments are comprised primarily of corporate research and development expenses, interest income and expense, and income taxes. Share-based compensation expense was also reported in “unallocated amounts” in 2006. Beginning in 2007, we allocate a portion of share-based compensation expense to the operating segments. This allocation differs from the actual expense and consequently yields a difference between the total allocated share-based compensation expense and the actual expense for the total company, which was categorized as “unallocated amounts.”

 

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The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies except that most interest income and expenses and income taxes are not allocated to individual operating segments. Below is our segment information (in thousands):
                                                 
    For the Years Ended December 31,
                                    Unallocated     Consolidated  
    CAG     Water     PAS     Other     Amounts     Total  
2007
                                               
Revenue
  $ 752,463     $ 66,235     $ 75,085     $ 28,772     $     $ 922,555  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Income (loss) from operations
  $ 101,363     $ 26,847     $ 15,456       (75 )   $ (7,408 )   $ 136,183  
 
                                     
Interest expense, net
                                            (1,340 )
 
                                             
Income before provision for income taxes
                                            134,843  
Provision for income taxes
                                            40,829  
 
                                             
Net income
                                          $ 94,014  
 
                                             
 
                                               
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 34,813     $ 1,116     $ 4,116     $ 1,055     $     $ 41,100  
Segment assets
    483,142       38,178       51,719       18,321       110,819       702,179  
Expenditures for long-lived assets (1)
    61,698       1,400       3,896       2,626             69,620  
 
                                               
2006
                                               
Revenue
  $ 606,319     $ 58,466     $ 58,940     $ 15,392     $     $ 739,117  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Income (loss) from operations
  $ 100,760     $ 25,762     $ 16,172     $ 1,852     $ (16,613 )   $ 127,933  
 
                                     
Interest income, net
                                            2,817  
 
                                             
Income before provision for income taxes and partner’s interest
                                            130,750  
Provision for income taxes
                                            37,224  
Partner’s interest in loss of subsidiary
                                            (152 )
 
                                             
Net income
                                          $ 93,678  
 
                                             
 
                                               
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 25,643     $ 647     $ 3,456     $ 70     $     $ 29,816  
Segment assets
    353,585       35,042       38,516       4,184       128,233       559,560  
Expenditures for long-lived assets (1)
    49,448       2,345       2,352       13             54,158  
 
                                               
2005
                                               
Revenue
  $ 520,830     $ 56,760     $ 44,945     $ 15,560     $     $ 638,095  
 
                                   
 
Income (loss) from operations
  $ 82,970     $ 25,974     $ 7,317     $ 2,577     $ (3,507 )   $ 115,331  
 
                                     
Interest income, net
                                            3,141  
 
                                             
Income before provision for income taxes and partner’s interest
                                            118,472  
Provision for income taxes
                                            40,670  
Partner’s interest in loss of subsidiary
                                            (452 )
 
                                             
Net income
                                          $ 78,254  
 
                                             
 
                                               
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 21,236     $ 447     $ 2,667     $ 19     $     $ 24,369  
Segment assets
    266,207       29,685       34,107       3,981       156,696       490,676  
Expenditures for long-lived assets (1)
    23,402       119       1,172       139             24,832  
 
(1)   Expenditures for long-lived assets exclude expenditures for intangible assets. See Note 3 for information regarding acquisitions of goodwill and other intangible assets in connection with business acquisitions. Expenditures for long-lived assets for the year ended December 31, 2007 include $1.7 million, $1.5 million and $1.3 million for property acquired in connection with PAS, Other operating segments and CAG business acquisitions, respectively. Expenditures for long-lived assets for the year ended December 31, 2006 include $2.5 million for property acquired in connection with CAG business acquisitions and $19.0 million related to the purchase of our Westbrook, Maine headquarters facility, of which $7.5 million was financed through the assumption of a mortgage. Expenditures for long-lived assets for the year ended December 31, 2005 include $0.6 million for property acquired in connection with CAG business acquisitions.

 

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Revenue by product and service categories was as follows (in thousands):
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
CAG segment revenue:
                       
Instruments and consumables
  $ 289,271     $ 242,312     $ 217,537  
Rapid assay products
    132,500       114,536       100,255  
Reference laboratory and consulting services
    255,193       187,114       156,425  
Practice information management systems and digital radiography
    53,385       44,427       32,589  
Pharmaceutical products
    22,114       17,930       14,024  
 
                 
Net CAG segment revenue
    752,463       606,319       520,830  
 
                 
 
                       
Net water segment revenue
    66,235       58,466       56,760  
Net production animal segment revenue
    75,085       58,940       44,945  
Other segment revenue
    28,772       15,392       15,560  
 
                       
 
                 
Net revenue
  $ 922,555     $ 739,117     $ 638,095  
 
                 
Revenue by principal geographic area, based on customers’ domiciles, was as follows (in thousands):
                         
    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
Americas
                       
United States
  $ 552,134     $ 478,172     $ 418,565  
Canada
    55,884       22,070       18,428  
Other Americas
    11,777       6,076       6,235  
 
                 
 
    619,795       506,318       443,228  
 
                 
 
                       
Europe
                       
United Kingdom
    60,831       53,296       46,419  
Germany
    54,538       45,391       38,994  
France
    43,398       26,884       19,300  
Other Europe
    82,204       62,251       49,468  
 
                 
 
    240,971       187,822       154,181  
 
                 
 
                       
Asia Pacific Region
                       
Japan
    25,216       19,271       17,531  
Australia
    22,506       17,378       15,618  
Other Asia Pacific
    14,067       8,328       7,537  
 
                 
 
    61,789       44,977       40,686  
 
                 
Total
  $ 922,555     $ 739,117     $ 638,095  
 
                 
Our largest customers are our U.S. distributors of our products in the CAG segment. One of our CAG distributors, Butler Animal Health Supply, LLC, accounted for 8%, 9% and 10% of our 2007, 2006 and 2005 revenue, respectively, and 5% of our net accounts receivable at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and 4% of our net accounts receivable at December 31, 2005.

 

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Net long-lived assets, consisting of net property and equipment, are subject to geographic risks because they are generally difficult to move and to effectively utilize in another geographic area in a reasonable time period and because they are relatively illiquid. Net long-lived assets by principal geographic areas were as follows (in thousands):
                         
    December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
                       
Americas
                       
United States
  $ 112,712     $ 77,648     $ 50,276  
Canada
    5,513       2,434       174  
 
                 
 
    118,225       80,082       50,450  
 
                 
 
                       
Europe
                       
United Kingdom
    8,713       8,655       6,959  
Germany
    3,677       3,203       2,865  
Switzerland
    3,770       3,585       1,984  
France
    2,578       782       78  
Netherlands
    2,457       1,398       1,588  
Other Europe
    438       318       80  
 
                 
 
    21,633       17,941       13,554  
 
                 
 
                       
Asia Pacific Region
                       
Japan
    496       468       386  
Australia
    1,187       839       715  
Other Asia Pacific
    311       298       592  
 
                 
 
    1,994       1,605       1,693  
 
                 
Total
  $ 141,852     $ 99,628     $ 65,697  
 
                 
NOTE 18. SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY DATA (UNAUDITED)
A summary of quarterly data follows (in thousands, except per share data):
                                 
    For the Quarters Ended  
    March 31,     June 30,     September 30,     December 31,  
 
                               
2007
                               
Revenue
  $ 211,155     $ 237,046     $ 229,385     $ 244,969  
Gross profit
    108,579       114,221       118,478       122,244  
Operating income
    30,877       32,467       36,097       36,742  
Net income
    21,027       21,664       25,795       25,528  
Earnings per share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.34     $ 0.35     $ 0.42     $ 0.42  
Diluted
  $ 0.32     $ 0.34     $ 0.40     $ 0.40  
 
                               
2006
                               
Revenue
  $ 168,164     $ 191,364     $ 187,380     $ 192,209  
Gross profit
    86,025       99,036       98,199       96,269  
Operating income
    26,975       37,026       34,462       29,470  
Net income
    18,273       25,780       24,953       24,672  
Earnings per share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.29     $ 0.41     $ 0.40     $ 0.39  
Diluted
  $ 0.27     $ 0.39     $ 0.38     $ 0.38  

 

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SCHEDULE II
IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
                                 
    Balance at     Charges to     Write-Offs/     Balance at  
    Beginning     Costs and     Cash     End  
    of Year     Expenses     Payments     of Year  
 
                               
Reserves for doubtful accounts receivable:
                               
December 31, 2005
  $ 1,494     $ 121     $ 394     $ 1,221  
December 31, 2006
    1,221       1,070       508       1,783  
December 31, 2007
    1,783       614       655       1,742  
 
                               
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets:
                               
December 31, 2005
  $ 4,943     $ 541     $ 588     $ 4,896  
December 31, 2006
    4,896       (88 )     734       4,074  
December 31, 2007
    4,074       545       378       4,241  

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX
     
Exhibit No.   Description
   
 
3.1  
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (filed as Exhibit No. 3(i) to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006, File No. 0-19271, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
3.2  
Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company (filed as Exhibit No. 3.2 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000, File No. 0-19271, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
4.3  
Instruments with respect to other long-term debt of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K since the total amount authorized under each such omitted instrument does not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Company hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
   
 
10.1  
1991 Stock Option Plan of the Company, as amended (filed as Exhibit No. 10.1 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, File No. 0-19271 (“2006 Form 10-K”), and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.2*  
U.S. Supply Agreement, effective as of October 16, 2003, between the Company and Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. (“Ortho”) (filed as Exhibit No. 10.7 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, File No. 0-19271 (“2003 Form 10-K”), and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.3*  
Amendment No. 1 to U.S. Supply Agreement effective as of January 1, 2005, between the Company and Ortho (filed as Exhibit No. 10.1 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005, File No. 0-19271 (“June 2005 10-Q”), and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.4*  
Amendment No. 2 to U.S. Supply Agreement effective as of October 15, 2006, between the Company and Ortho (filed herewith).
   
 
10.5*  
Amendment No. 3 to U.S. Supply Agreement effective as of January 18, 2008 , between the Company and Ortho (filed herewith).
   
 
10.6*  
European Supply Agreement, effective as of October 17, 2003, between the Company and Ortho (filed as Exhibit No. 10.8 to 2003 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.7*  
Amendment No. 1 to European Supply Agreement effective as of January 1, 2005, between the Company and Ortho (filed as Exhibit No. 10.2 to June 2005 10-Q, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.8*  
Amendment No. 2 to European. Supply Agreement effective as of January 18, 2008, between the Company and Ortho (filed herewith).
   
 
10.9  
1998 Stock Incentive Plan of the Company, as amended (filed as Exhibit No. 10.6 to 2006 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.10  
2000 Director Option Plan of the Company, as amended (filed as Exhibit No. 10.7 to 2006 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.11  
Employment Agreement dated January 22, 2002, between the Company and Jonathan W. Ayers (filed as Exhibit No. 10.13 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001, File No. 0-19271, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.12  
Executive Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2007, between the Company and Jonathan W. Ayers (filed as Exhibit No. 10.1 to January 5, 2007 Form 8-K, File No. 0-19271 (“January 5, 2007 Form 8-K”), and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.13  
Letter Agreement dated August 12, 2003, between the Company and William C. Wallen (filed as Exhibit No. 10.14 to 2003 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.14  
Executive Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2007, between the Company and William C. Wallen (filed as Exhibit No. 10.2 to January 5, 2007 Form 8-K, and incorporated herein by reference).

 

 


Table of Contents

     
Exhibit No.   Description
   
 
10.15  
Executive Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2007, between the Company and Merilee Raines (filed as Exhibit No. 10.3 to January 5, 2007 Form 8-K, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.16  
Executive Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2007, between the Company and Conan R. Deady (filed as Exhibit No. 10.4 to January 5, 2007 Form 8-K, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.17  
Form of Executive Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2007, between the Company and each of Thomas J. Dupree, S. Sam Fratoni, PhD, William B. Goodspeed, Irene C. Kerr, Ali Naqui, PhD, James F. Polewaczyk and Michael J. Williams, PhD (filed as Exhibit No. 10.5 to January 5, 2007 Form 8-K, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.18  
Amendment, Release and Settlement Agreement dated as of September 12, 2002, among the Company, IDEXX Europe B.V., and Ortho (filed as Exhibit No. 10.1 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002, File No. 0-19271, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.19  
Restated Director Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended (filed herewith).
   
 
10.20  
2003 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (filed herewith).
   
 
10.21  
Form of Stock Option Agreement, as amended pursuant to the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit No. 10.3 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006, File No. 0-19271, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.22  
1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (filed herewith).
   
 
10.23  
Restated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended (filed herewith).
   
 
10.24  
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.22 to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 2005, File No. 0-19271 (“2005 Form 10-K”), and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.25  
Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of January 17, 2006, between the Company and CW Westbrook Limited Partnership (filed as Exhibit 10.23 to 2005 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.26  
Purchase and Sale Agreement among Osmetech plc, Osmetech Inc., Osmetech Technology Inc. and Osmetech GmbH and IDEXX Sciences, Inc. and IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. dated as of December 15, 2006 (filed as Exhibit No. 2.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 21, 2006, File No. 0-19271, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.27  
Credit Agreement among the Company, as borrower, certain material subsidiaries of the Company, as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, Toronto Branch, as Toronto agent (filed as Exhibit No. 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 31, 2007, File No. 0-19271, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.28  
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among the Company, IDEXX Distribution, Inc., IDEXX Operations, Inc., IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., OPTI Medical Systems, Inc. and IDEXX Laboratories Canada Corporation, as borrowers, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, Toronto Branch, as Toronto agent, Bank of America, N.A., as syndication agent, Wachovia Bank, N.A., as documentation agent, LaSalle Bank National Association, as co-agent and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., as sole bookrunner and lead arranger (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 5, 2007, File No. 0-19271, and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.29  
Modification to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2008, among the Company, IDEXX Distribution, Inc., IDEXX Operations, Inc., IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., OPTI Medical Systems, Inc. and IDEXX Laboratories Canada Corporation, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, Toronto Branch, as Toronto agent (filed as Exhibit No. 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 25, 2008, File No. 0-19271 (“February 25, 2008 Form 8-K”), and incorporated herein by reference).
   
 
10.30  
Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2008, among the Company, IDEXX Distribution, Inc. IDEXX Operations, Inc., IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., OPTI Medical Systems, Inc. and IDEXX Laboratories Canada Corporation, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, Toronto Branch, as Toronto agent, (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to February 25, 2008 Form 8-K, and incorporated herein by reference).

 

 


Table of Contents

     
Exhibit No.   Description
 
21  
Subsidiaries of the Company (filed herewith).
   
 
23  
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (filed herewith).
   
 
31.1  
Certification by Chief Executive Officer (filed herewith).
   
 
31.2  
Certification by Corporate Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (filed herewith).
   
 
32.1  
Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
   
 
32.2  
Certification by Corporate Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
   
 
*  
Confidential treatment requested as to certain portions.
   
 
 
Management contract or compensatory arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(a)(3) of Form 10-K.