Document
Table of Contents

 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017
or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                    to
Commission File Number 001-34806
qglogo2017q3.jpg
QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Wisconsin
 
39-1152983
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
N61 W23044 Harry's Way, Sussex, Wisconsin 53089-3995
 
(414) 566-6000
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
 
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x  No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x  No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o
 
Accelerated filer x
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer o
 
Smaller reporting company o
 
 
 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ¨  No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date.
Class
 
Outstanding as of October 27, 2017
 
 
 
Class A Common Stock
 
37,862,077
 
 
 
Class B Common Stock
 
13,978,357
 
 
 
Class C Common Stock
 
—
 
 
 
 
 

Table of Contents

QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
FORM 10-Q INDEX
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2017

 
 
 
Page No.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
(UNAUDITED)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
$
856.9

 
$
904.2

 
$
2,530.6

 
$
2,688.9

Services
148.5

 
152.2

 
436.6

 
442.3

Total net sales
1,005.4

 
1,056.4

 
2,967.2

 
3,131.2

Cost of sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
679.1

 
719.1

 
2,024.9

 
2,144.2

Services
105.7

 
105.8

 
306.0

 
305.2

Total cost of sales
784.8

 
824.9

 
2,330.9

 
2,449.4

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
104.9

 
109.9

 
302.6

 
341.9

Depreciation and amortization
58.3

 
61.7

 
175.5

 
217.4

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
8.0

 
26.1

 
22.5

 
62.4

Total operating expenses
956.0

 
1,022.6

 
2,831.5

 
3,071.1

Operating income
$
49.4

 
$
33.8

 
$
135.7

 
$
60.1

Interest expense
17.8

 
19.6

 
53.6

 
58.9

Loss (gain) on debt extinguishment
—

 
—

 
2.6

 
(14.1
)
Earnings before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
31.6

 
14.2

 
79.5

 
15.3

Income tax expense
11.8

 
2.9

 
26.8

 
5.6

Earnings before equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
19.8

 
11.3

 
52.7

 
9.7

Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
—

 
—

 
0.8

 
2.3

Net earnings
$
19.8

 
$
11.3

 
$
51.9

 
$
7.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.40

 
$
0.24

 
$
1.05

 
$
0.16

Diluted
$
0.38

 
$
0.22

 
$
1.01

 
$
0.15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared per share
$
0.30

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.90

 
$
0.90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
49.5

 
47.8

 
49.4

 
47.6

Diluted
51.5

 
50.6

 
51.6

 
49.3

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).


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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions)
(UNAUDITED)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net earnings
$
19.8

 
$
11.3

 
$
51.9

 
$
7.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Translation adjustments
3.5

 
(2.5
)
 
14.9

 
4.6

Interest rate swap adjustments
0.3

 
—

 
(0.4
)
 
—

Pension benefit plan adjustments
—

 
(23.4
)
 
—

 
(23.4
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
3.8

 
(25.9
)
 
14.5

 
(18.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)
(0.2
)
 
9.0

 
0.1

 
9.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
3.6

 
(16.9
)
 
14.6

 
(9.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
23.4

 
$
(5.6
)
 
$
66.5

 
$
(2.4
)
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).



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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)
(UNAUDITED)
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
15.4

 
$
9.0

Receivables, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $43.8 million at September 30, 2017, and $53.5 million at December 31, 2016
542.0

 
563.6

Inventories
308.0

 
265.4

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
40.7

 
54.4

Restricted cash
2.0

 
10.2

Total current assets
908.1

 
902.6

 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment—net
1,427.4

 
1,519.9

Intangible assets—net
47.8

 
59.7

Equity method investment in unconsolidated entity
3.0

 
3.6

Other long-term assets
91.1

 
84.3

Total assets
$
2,477.4

 
$
2,570.1

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
344.5

 
$
323.5

Amounts owing in satisfaction of bankruptcy claims
2.1

 
2.3

Accrued liabilities
312.7

 
356.7

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
66.8

 
84.7

Current portion of capital lease obligations
6.2

 
7.4

Total current liabilities
732.3

 
774.6

 
 
 
 
Long-term debt
966.4

 
1,019.8

Unsecured notes to be issued
0.9

 
5.4

Capital lease obligations
14.8

 
18.9

Deferred income taxes
50.7

 
35.3

Other long-term liabilities
246.3

 
274.6

Total liabilities
2,011.4

 
2,128.6

 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)


 


 
 
 
 
Shareholders' equity
 
 
 
Preferred stock
—

 
—

Common stock, Class A
1.0

 
1.0

Common stock, Class B
0.4

 
0.4

Common stock, Class C
—

 
—

Additional paid-in capital
903.5

 
912.4

Treasury stock, at cost
(98.7
)
 
(113.3
)
Accumulated deficit
(202.2
)
 
(206.4
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(138.0
)
 
(152.6
)
Total shareholders' equity
466.0

 
441.5

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
2,477.4

 
$
2,570.1

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).


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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(UNAUDITED)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net earnings
$
51.9

 
$
7.4

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
175.5

 
217.4

Impairment charges
1.0

 
17.7

Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount
2.7

 
3.2

Loss (gain) on debt extinguishment
2.6

 
(14.1
)
Stock-based compensation
13.0

 
12.0

Gain from a property insurance claim
(5.0
)
 
—

Settlement loss on pension benefit plans
—

 
6.5

Gain on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment
(7.3
)
 
(6.0
)
Deferred income taxes
15.5

 
(3.8
)
Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
0.8

 
2.3

Changes in operating assets and liabilities
(71.0
)
 
17.4

Net cash provided by operating activities
179.7

 
260.0

 
 
 
 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
(61.6
)
 
(57.7
)
Cost investment in unconsolidated entities
—

 
(9.9
)
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment
22.9

 
11.4

Proceeds from a property insurance claim
5.0

 
—

Transfers from restricted cash
8.1

 
—

Loan to an unconsolidated entity
(5.0
)
 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
(30.6
)
 
(56.2
)
 
 
 
 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
375.0

 
19.7

Payments of long-term debt
(424.3
)
 
(170.6
)
Payments of capital lease obligations
(5.9
)
 
(4.6
)
Borrowings on revolving credit facilities
525.7

 
712.0

Payments on revolving credit facilities
(550.4
)
 
(727.6
)
Payments of debt issuance costs and financing fees
(4.7
)
 
(0.1
)
Bankruptcy claim payments on unsecured notes to be issued
(4.1
)
 
(0.3
)
Purchases of treasury stock
(3.8
)
 
(8.8
)
Sale of stock for options exercised
2.4

 
22.8

Equity awards redeemed to pay employees' tax obligations
(5.9
)
 
(1.4
)
Payment of cash dividends
(46.5
)
 
(44.0
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(142.5
)
 
(202.9
)
 
 
 
 
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
(0.2
)
 
(0.2
)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
6.4

 
0.7

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
9.0

 
10.8

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
15.4

 
$
11.5

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).


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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)


Note 1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for Quad/Graphics, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company" or "Quad/Graphics") have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations for interim financial information of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated annual financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, and notes thereto included in the Company's latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2017.

The Company is subject to seasonality in its quarterly results as net sales and operating income are higher in the third and fourth quarters of the calendar year as compared to the first and second quarters. The fourth quarter is typically the highest seasonal quarter for cash flows from operating activities due to the reduction of working capital requirements that reach peak levels during the third quarter. Seasonality is driven by increased magazine advertising page counts, retail inserts, catalogs and books primarily due to back-to-school and holiday-related advertising and promotions. The Company expects this seasonality impact to continue in future years.

The financial information contained herein reflects all adjustments, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. All of these adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, except as otherwise noted. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include estimates and assumptions of management that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Note 2. Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges

The Company recorded restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, as follows:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Employee termination charges
$
7.3

 
$
1.5

 
$
13.2

 
$
8.1

Impairment charges
0.3

 
0.9

 
1.0

 
17.7

Transaction-related charges
0.6

 
0.4

 
1.8

 
1.9

Integration costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
0.1

Other restructuring charges (income)
(0.2
)
 
23.3

 
6.5

 
34.6

Total
$
8.0

 
$
26.1

 
$
22.5

 
$
62.4


The costs related to these activities have been recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges. See Note 18, "Segment Information," for restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges by segment.



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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Restructuring Charges

The Company began a restructuring program in 2010 related to eliminating excess manufacturing capacity and properly aligning its cost structure. The Company has announced a total of 37 plant closures and has reduced headcount by approximately 11,700 employees since 2010. The Company recorded the following charges as a result of plant closures and other restructuring programs:

•
Employee termination charges of $7.3 million and $13.2 million were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and $1.5 million and $8.1 million were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The Company reduced its workforce through facility consolidations and announced separation programs.

•
There were no integration costs recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and during the three months ended September 30, 2016. Integration costs of $0.1 million were recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, related to costs for the integration of acquired companies.

•
Other restructuring income of $0.2 million and restructuring charges of $6.5 million were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, which consisted of the following: (1) $0.5 million of income primarily related to the lease termination of the Huntington Beach, California plant during the three months ended September 30, 2017, and $2.9 million of lease exit charges primarily related to the closures of the Huntington Beach, California and Manassas, Virginia plants during the nine months ended September 30, 2017; (2) $0.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of equipment and infrastructure removal costs from closed plants; (3) $1.4 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of vacant facility carrying costs, net of a $7.1 million gain on the sale of facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Atglen, Pennsylvania; Dickson, Tennessee; and Lenexa, Kansas plants were sold during the second quarter; and the East Greenville, Pennsylvania and Marengo, Iowa plants were sold during the first quarter. The Company also recorded other restructuring income of $1.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily related to the Company's Argentina subsidiaries', Anselmo L. Morvillo S.A. and World Color Argentina, S.A. (the "Argentina Subsidiaries") gain from settlements with vendors through bankruptcy proceedings.

Other restructuring charges of $23.3 million and $34.6 million were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, which consisted of the following: (1) $2.3 million and $9.4 million, respectively, of vacant facility carrying costs; (2) $0.6 million and $4.4 million, respectively, of equipment and infrastructure removal costs from closed plants; and (3) $2.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of lease exit charges primarily related to the lease termination of the Pittsburg, California facility. The Company also recorded an $11.2 million adjustment to its multiemployer pension plans withdrawal liability during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, and a $6.5 million non-cash pension settlement charge related to lump-sum pension payments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, (see Note 13, "Employee Retirement Plans," for additional details).

The restructuring charges recorded were based on plans that have been committed to by management and were, in part, based upon management's best estimates of future events. Changes to the estimates may require future restructuring charges and adjustments to the restructuring liabilities. The Company expects to incur additional restructuring charges related to these and other initiatives.



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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Impairment Charges

The Company recognized impairment charges of $0.3 million and $1.0 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, which consisted of $0.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, of land and building impairment charges; and $0.1 million and $0.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities.

The Company recognized impairment charges of $0.9 million and $17.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, which consisted of the following: (1) $12.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, of land and building impairment charges related to the Atglen, Pennsylvania plant closure; and (2) $0.9 million and $5.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, of impairment charges primarily for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, including Atglen, Pennsylvania; Augusta, Georgia; East Greenville, Pennsylvania; and Queretaro, Mexico, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities.

The fair values of the impaired assets were determined by the Company to be Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy (see Note 11, "Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements," for the definition of Level 3 inputs) and were estimated based on internal discounted cash flow estimates, quoted market prices where available and independent appraisals, as appropriate. These assets were adjusted to their estimated fair values at the time of impairment.

Transaction-Related Charges

The Company incurs transaction-related charges primarily consisting of professional service fees related to business acquisition and divestiture activities. Transaction-related charges of $0.6 million and $1.8 million were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and $0.4 million and $1.9 million were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The transaction-related charges were expensed as incurred in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on business combinations.

Restructuring Reserves

Activity impacting the Company's restructuring reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was as follows:

 
Employee
Termination
Charges
 
Impairment
Charges
 
Transaction-Related
Charges
 
Integration
Costs
 
Other
Restructuring
Charges
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
7.6

 
$
—

 
$
0.1

 
$
1.1

 
$
10.4

 
$
19.2

Expense
13.2

 
1.0

 
1.8

 
—

 
6.5

 
22.5

Cash payments
(12.7
)
 
—

 
(1.8
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(9.7
)
 
(24.3
)
Non-cash adjustments/reclassifications
2.1

 
(1.0
)
 
—

 
(0.8
)
 
(0.1
)
 
0.2

Balance at September 30, 2017
$
10.2

 
$
—

 
$
0.1

 
$
0.2

 
$
7.1

 
$
17.6


The Company's restructuring reserves at September 30, 2017, included a short-term and a long-term component. The short-term portion included $13.8 million in accrued liabilities (see Note 12, "Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities") and $0.5 million in accounts payable in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the Company expects these reserves to be paid within the next twelve months. The long-term portion of $3.3 million is included in other long-term liabilities (see Note 12, "Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities") in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.



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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Note 3. Intangible Assets

The components of intangible assets at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were as follows:

 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Weighted
Average
Amortization
Period (Years)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Book
Value
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Book
Value
Finite-lived intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademarks, patents, licenses and agreements
7
 
$
23.8

 
$
(12.6
)
 
$
11.2

 
$
21.7

 
$
(9.3
)
 
$
12.4

Capitalized software
5
 
7.0

 
(6.5
)
 
0.5

 
6.4

 
(6.2
)
 
0.2

Acquired technology
5
 
6.6

 
(6.6
)
 
—

 
6.1

 
(6.1
)
 
—

Customer relationships
6
 
460.6

 
(424.5
)
 
36.1

 
459.4

 
(412.3
)
 
47.1

Total finite-lived intangible assets
 
$
498.0

 
$
(450.2
)
 
$
47.8

 
$
493.6

 
$
(433.9
)
 
$
59.7


The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization within intangible assets—net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, differs from the value originally recorded at acquisition due to impairment charges recorded in prior years and the effects of currency fluctuations since the purchase date.

Intangible assets are evaluated for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. There were no impairment charges recorded on intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $4.6 million and $13.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and $4.7 million and $46.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets as of September 30, 2017, was as follows:

 
Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2017
$
4.8

2018
17.9

2019
13.2

2020
7.8

2021
2.9

2022 and thereafter
1.2

Total
$
47.8




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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Note 4. Inventories

The components of inventories at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were as follows:

 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Raw materials and manufacturing supplies
$
151.8

 
$
142.4

Work in process
56.7

 
45.3

Finished goods
99.5

 
77.7

Total
$
308.0

 
$
265.4


Note 5. Property, Plant and Equipment

The components of property, plant and equipment at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were as follows:

 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Land
$
125.4

 
$
126.2

Buildings
936.0

 
935.4

Machinery and equipment
3,653.5

 
3,574.4

Other(1)
202.6

 
191.5

Construction in progress
26.0

 
59.5

Property, plant and equipment—gross
$
4,943.5

 
$
4,887.0

Less: accumulated depreciation
(3,516.1
)
 
(3,367.1
)
Property, plant and equipment—net
$
1,427.4

 
$
1,519.9

______________________________
(1) 
Other consists of computer equipment, vehicles, furniture and fixtures, leasehold improvements and communication-related equipment.

The Company recorded impairment charges of $0.3 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and $0.9 million and $17.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, to reduce the carrying amounts of certain property, plant and equipment no longer utilized in production to fair value (see Note 2, "Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges," for further discussion on impairment charges).

The Company recognized depreciation expense of $53.7 million and $161.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and $57.0 million and $171.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

Assets Held for Sale

The Company considered certain closed facilities for held for sale classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. There were no assets held for sale as of September 30, 2017, and the net book value of assets held for sale was $5.2 million as of December 31, 2016. These assets were carried at the lesser of original cost or fair value, less the estimated costs to sell. The fair values were determined by the Company to be Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy (see Note 11, "Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements," for the definition of Level 3 inputs) and were estimated based on internal discounted cash flow estimates, quoted market prices where available and independent appraisals, as appropriate. Assets held for sale are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.



11
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Note 6. Equity Method Investment in Unconsolidated Entity

The Company has a 49% ownership interest in Plural Industria Gráfica Ltda. ("Plural"), a commercial printer based in São Paulo, Brazil. The Company's ownership interest in Plural was accounted for using the equity method of accounting for all periods presented. The Company's equity loss of Plural's operations was recorded in equity in loss of unconsolidated entity in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and was included within the International segment.

Plural's condensed statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, are presented below:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net sales
$
16.7

 
$
19.6

 
$
51.8

 
$
52.1

Operating (income) loss
(0.5
)
 
(1.2
)
 
0.3

 
1.8

Net loss
—

 
—

 
1.6

 
4.6


Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is named as a defendant in various lawsuits in which claims are asserted against the Company in the normal course of business. The liabilities, if any, which ultimately result from such lawsuits are not expected by management to have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In April 2016, the Company self-reported to the SEC and the Department of Justice ("DOJ") certain Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") issues, and a resulting internal investigation, related to its operations managed from Peru. These operations had approximate annual sales ranging from $95.0 million to $135.0 million from the date that the Company acquired those operations in July 2010 until the date the issues were discovered. The self-reported issues were identified by the Company's financial internal controls. The Company, under the oversight of its Audit Committee and Board of Directors, proactively initiated an investigation into this matter with the assistance of external legal counsel and external forensic accountants. During the course of its internal investigation, the Company has also identified, and self-reported to the DOJ and SEC, transactions raising similar issues involving certain sales made in its Quad/Tech China operations. For the period 2011 through 2015, the approximate annual sales of these China operations ranged from $2.0 million to $3.0 million. During the course of its internal investigation, the Company has also identified and informed the Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"), the DOJ and the SEC of certain transactions involving Cuba, and continues to investigate the propriety of such transactions under U.S. trade sanctions. In connection with this investigation, the Company has made and continues to evaluate certain enhancements to its compliance program. The Company is fully cooperating with the OFAC, the SEC and the DOJ. At this time, the Company does not anticipate any material adverse effect on its business or financial condition as a result of this matter.

Environmental Reserves

The Company is subject to various laws, regulations and government policies relating to health and safety, to the generation, storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous substances, and to environmental protection in general. The Company provides for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Such reserves are adjusted as new information develops or as circumstances change. The environmental reserves are not discounted. The Company believes it is in compliance with such laws, regulations and government policies in all material respects. Furthermore, the Company does not anticipate that maintaining compliance with such environmental statutes will have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial position.



12
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Note 8. World Color Press Inc. Insolvency Proceedings

The Company continues to manage the bankruptcy claim settlement process for the Quebecor World Inc. ("QWI") bankruptcy proceedings in the United States and Canada (QWI changed its name to World Color Press Inc. ("World Color Press") upon emerging from bankruptcy on July 21, 2009). To the extent claims are allowed, the holders of such claims are entitled to receive recovery, with the nature of such recovery dependent upon the type and classification of such claims. In this regard, with respect to certain types of claims, the holders thereof are entitled to receive cash and/or unsecured notes, while the holders of certain other types of claims are entitled to receive a combination of Quad/Graphics common stock and cash (the "Class 4 Claims"), in accordance with the terms of the World Color Press acquisition agreement.

With respect to claims asserted by the holders thereof as being entitled to a priority cash recovery, the Company has estimated that approximately $1.0 million and $1.2 million of such recorded claims have yet to be paid as of September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively. With respect to claims asserted by the holders thereof as being entitled to Class 4 Claims, during the second quarter of 2016, the Company was provided $1.1 million of restricted cash for the future satisfaction of the cash portion of the remaining Class 4 Claims. The obligations for both the priority cash claims and the Class 4 Claims are classified as amounts owing in satisfaction of bankruptcy claims in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

With respect to unsecured claims held by creditors of the operating subsidiary debtors of Quebecor World (USA) Inc. (the "Class 3 Claims"), each allowed Class 3 Claim will be entitled to receive an unsecured note in an amount equaling 50% of such creditor's allowed Class 3 Claim, provided, however, that the aggregate principal amount of all such unsecured notes cannot exceed $75.0 million. Each allowed Class 3 Claim will also receive accrued interest and a 5% prepayment redemption premium thereon (the total aggregate maximum principal, interest and prepayment redemption premium for all Class 3 Claims is $89.2 million). In connection with the World Color Press acquisition, the Company was required to deposit the maximum potential payout to the Class 3 Claim creditors with a trustee, and that amount is being used to pay creditors for allowed Class 3 Claims, with excess amounts not required for Class 3 Claim payments reverting to the Company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, $4.1 million of the restricted cash was paid to Class 3 Claim creditors and the Company received refunds of $2.2 million of restricted cash. At September 30, 2017, a $0.9 million maximum potential payout to the Class 3 Claim creditors remains and is classified as restricted cash in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Based on the Company's analysis of the outstanding Class 3 Claims, the Company has a liability of $0.9 million at September 30, 2017, classified as unsecured notes to be issued in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Activity impacting restricted cash and unsecured notes to be issued for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was as follows:

 
Restricted Cash
 
Unsecured 
Notes
to be Issued
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
7.2

 
$
5.4

Class 3 Claim payments
(4.1
)
 
(4.1
)
Restricted cash refunded to Quad/Graphics
(2.2
)
 
—

Non-cash adjustments
—

 
(0.4
)
Balance at September 30, 2017
$
0.9

 
$
0.9




13
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

The components of restricted cash at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were as follows:

 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Defeasance of unsecured notes to be issued
$
0.9

 
$
7.2

Restricted cash for Class 4 Claim payments
1.1

 
1.1

Other
—

 
1.9

Total
$
2.0

 
$
10.2


While the liabilities recorded for any bankruptcy matters are based on management's current assessment of the amount likely to be paid, it is not possible to identify the final amount of priority cash claims, Class 4 Claims or Class 3 Claims that will ultimately be allowed by the United States Bankruptcy Court. Therefore, payments for amounts owing in satisfaction of bankruptcy claims could be higher than the amounts accrued on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, which would require additional cash payments to be made and expense to be recorded for the amount exceeding the Company's estimate. Amounts payable related to the unsecured notes could exceed current estimates, which would require additional expense to be recorded. The Company has resolved the majority of claims since acquiring World Color Press in 2010, but the ultimate timing for completion of the bankruptcy process depends on the resolution of the remaining claims.

Note 9. Debt

The components of long-term debt as of September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were as follows:

 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Master note and security agreement
$
128.7

 
$
152.6

Term loan A—$375.0 million due January 2021
360.9

 
376.9

Term loan B—$300.0 million due April 2021
288.7

 
290.6

Revolving credit facility—$725.0 million due January 2021
—

 
19.0

Senior unsecured notes—$300.0 million due May 2022
243.5

 
243.5

International term loan—$21.0 million
14.7

 
16.8

International revolving credit facility—$16.4 million
—

 
5.3

Equipment term loans
6.4

 
9.5

Other
1.3

 
1.6

Debt issuance costs
(11.0
)
 
(11.3
)
Total debt
$
1,033.2

 
$
1,104.5

Less: short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
(66.8
)
 
(84.7
)
Long-term debt
$
966.4

 
$
1,019.8


Fair Value of Debt

Based upon the interest rates available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of the Company's total debt was approximately $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively. The fair value determination of the Company's total debt was categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy (see Note 11, "Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements," for the definition of Level 2 inputs).



14
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

2017 Senior Secured Credit Facility Amendment

The Company completed the second amendment to the Company's April 28, 2014 Senior Secured Credit Facility on February 10, 2017. This second amendment was completed to reduce the size of the revolving credit facility and Term Loan A and to extend the Company's debt maturity profile while maintaining the Company's current cost of borrowing and covenant structure. The amendment resulted in a loss on debt extinguishment of $2.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The revolving credit facility was lowered to a maximum borrowing amount of $725.0 million with a term of just under four years, maturing on January 4, 2021. The Term Loan A was lowered to an aggregate amount of $375.0 million with a term of just under four years, maturing on January 4, 2021, subject to certain required amortization. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility and Term Loan A loans made under the Senior Secured Credit Facility will initially bear interest at 2.00% in excess of reserve adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), or 1.00% in excess of an alternate base rate. This amendment to the Senior Secured Credit Facility does not have an impact on the quarterly financial covenant requirements the Company is subject to.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility remains secured by substantially all of the unencumbered assets of the Company. The Senior Secured Credit Facility also requires the Company to provide additional collateral to the lenders in certain limited circumstances.

Debt Issuance Costs

Activity impacting the Company's debt issuance costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was as follows:

 
Debt
Issuance Costs
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
11.3

Debt issuance costs from February 10, 2017 debt financing arrangement
3.2

Loss on debt extinguishment from April 28, 2014 debt financing arrangement
(1.1
)
Amortization of debt issuance costs
(2.4
)
Balance at September 30, 2017
$
11.0


2017 Loss on Debt Extinguishment

The Company incurred $4.7 million in debt issuance costs in conjunction with the second amendment to the Company's Senior Secured Credit Facility. In accordance with the accounting guidance for the treatment of debt issuance costs in a debt extinguishment, of the $4.7 million in new debt issuance costs, $3.2 million is classified as a reduction of long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and $1.5 million was expensed and is classified as loss on debt extinguishment in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The loss on debt extinguishment recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was as follows:

 
Loss on Debt Extinguishment
Debt issuance costs from April 28, 2014 debt financing arrangement
$
1.1

Debt issuance costs from February 10, 2017 debt financing arrangement
1.5

Total
$
2.6




15
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

2016 Gain on Debt Extinguishment

The gain on debt extinguishment recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, was as follows:

 
Master Note and Security Agreement
 
Senior Unsecured Notes
 
Total
Principal amount repurchased
$
60.1

 
$
56.5

 
$
116.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase price
61.2

 
42.5

 
103.7

Less: accrued interest paid
(1.2
)
 
(1.1
)
 
(2.3
)
Net repurchase price
60.0

 
41.4

 
101.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt financing fees expensed
(0.1
)
 
—

 
(0.1
)
Debt issuance costs expensed
(0.2
)
 
(0.8
)
 
(1.0
)
Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment
$
(0.2
)
 
$
14.3

 
$
14.1


Master Note and Security Agreement Tender

The Company redeemed $60.1 million of its senior notes under the Master Note and Security Agreement, resulting in a net loss on debt extinguishment of $0.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. All tendered senior notes under the Master Note and Security Agreement were canceled. The Company used cash flows from operating activities and borrowings under its revolving credit facility to fund the tender. The tender was primarily completed to reallocate debt to the lower interest rate revolving credit facility and thereby reduce interest expense based on current LIBOR rates.

Senior Unsecured Note Repurchases

The Company repurchased $56.5 million of its $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured 7.0% senior notes due May 1, 2022, (the "Senior Unsecured Notes") in the open market, resulting in a net gain on debt extinguishment of $14.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. All repurchased Senior Unsecured Notes were canceled. The Company used cash flows from operating activities and borrowings under its revolving credit facility to fund the repurchases. These repurchases were primarily completed to efficiently reduce debt balances and interest expense based on current LIBOR rates.

Covenants and Compliance

The Company's various lending arrangements include certain financial covenants (all financial terms, numbers and ratios are as defined in the Company's debt agreements). Among these covenants, the Company was required to maintain the following as of September 30, 2017:

•
Total Leverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the total leverage ratio, defined as total consolidated debt to consolidated EBITDA, shall not exceed 3.75 to 1.00 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2017, the Company's total leverage ratio was 2.18 to 1.00).

•
Senior Secured Leverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the senior secured leverage ratio, defined as senior secured debt to consolidated EBITDA, shall not exceed 3.50 to 1.00 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2017, the Company's senior secured leverage ratio was 1.68 to 1.00).



16
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

•
Minimum Interest Coverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the minimum interest coverage ratio, defined as consolidated EBITDA to consolidated cash interest expense, shall not be less than 3.50 to 1.00 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2017, the Company's minimum interest coverage ratio was 7.19 to 1.00).

The indenture underlying the Senior Unsecured Notes contains various covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, limit the Company's and its restricted subsidiaries' ability to incur and/or guarantee additional debt; pay dividends, repurchase stock or make certain other restricted payments; enter into agreements limiting dividends and certain other restricted payments; prepay, redeem or repurchase subordinated debt; grant liens on assets; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, transfer or dispose of substantially all of the Company's consolidated assets; sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of property and assets; and engage in transactions with affiliates.

In addition to those covenants, the Senior Secured Credit Facility also includes certain limitations on acquisitions, indebtedness, liens, dividends and repurchases of capital stock, including the following:

•
If the Company's total leverage ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00 (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility), the Company is prohibited from making greater than $120.0 million of annual dividend payments, capital stock repurchases and certain other payments. If the total leverage ratio is less than 3.00 to 1.00, there are no such restrictions.

•
If the Company's senior secured leverage ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00 or the Company's total leverage ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00 (these ratios as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility), the Company is prohibited from voluntarily prepaying any of the Senior Unsecured Notes and from voluntarily prepaying any other unsecured or subordinated indebtedness, with certain exceptions (including any mandatory prepayments on the Senior Unsecured Notes or any other unsecured or subordinated debt). If the senior secured leverage ratio is less than 3.00 to 1.00 and the total leverage ratio is less than 3.50 to 1.00, there are no such restrictions.

Note 10. Income Taxes

The Company records income tax expense on an interim basis. The estimated annual effective income tax rate is adjusted quarterly, and items discrete to a specific quarter are reflected in tax expense for that interim period. The effective income tax rate for the interim period can differ from the statutory tax rate, as it reflects changes in valuation allowances due to expected current year earnings or loss and other discrete items, such as changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits related to establishment and settlement of income tax exposures.

The Company's liability for unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2017, was $30.0 million. The Company anticipates a $10.2 million decrease to its liability for unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months due to resolution of income tax audits or statute expirations.



17
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Note 11. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, while other assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, generally as a result of acquisitions or impairment charges. Fair value is determined based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. GAAP also classifies the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:

Level 1:
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2:
Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.

Level 3:
Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. There were no Level 3 recurring measurements of assets or liabilities as of September 30, 2017.

Interest Rate Swap

The Company entered into a $250.0 million interest rate swap on February 7, 2017. The swap was designated as a cash flow hedge as its purpose is to reduce the variability of cash flows from interest payments related to a portion of Quad/Graphics' variable-rate debt. The swap became effective on February 28, 2017, and effectively converts $250.0 million of the Company's variable-rate debt based on one-month LIBOR to a fixed rate of 3.89% (including a 2.00% spread on underlying debt). The variable interest rate resets monthly and the swap is a five year arrangement, maturing on February 28, 2022.

The Company classifies the interest rate swap as Level 2 because the inputs into the valuation model are observable or can be derived or corroborated utilizing observable market data at commonly quoted intervals. The interest rate swap was highly effective as of September 30, 2017; therefore, the increase in fair value of $0.3 million and the reduction in fair value of $0.4 million during three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, is included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and is shown as a change in other comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). No amount of ineffectiveness has been recorded into earnings related to this cash flow hedge. The fair value of the interest rate swap as of September 30, 2017, was a liability of $0.4 million and was recorded in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The net payment of interest under the terms of the interest rate swap totaled an expense of $0.4 million and $1.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and has been recognized as an adjustment to interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Foreign Exchange Contracts

The Company has operations in countries that have transactions outside their functional currencies and periodically enters into foreign exchange contracts. These contracts are used to hedge the net exposures of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and are designated as either cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. Gains or losses on net foreign currency hedges are intended to offset losses or gains on the underlying net exposures in an effort to reduce the earnings volatility resulting from fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates. There were no open foreign currency exchange contracts as of September 30, 2017.

Natural Gas Forward Contracts

The Company periodically enters into natural gas forward purchase contracts to hedge against increases in commodity costs. The Company's commodity contracts qualified for the exception related to normal purchases and sales during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, as the Company takes delivery in the normal course of business.


18
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)


Debt

The Company measures fair value on its debt instruments using interest rates available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities and is categorized as Level 2. See Note 9, “Debt,” for the fair value of the Company’s debt as of September 30, 2017.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

In addition to assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company is required to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, generally as a result of acquisitions or the remeasurement of assets resulting in impairment charges. See Note 2, "Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges" and Note 5, "Property, Plant and Equipment" for further discussion on impairment charges recorded as a result of the remeasurement of certain long-lived assets.

Other Estimated Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, inventories, restricted cash, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and amounts owing in satisfaction of bankruptcy claims approximate their carrying values as of September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.

Note 12. Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities

The components of accrued and other long-term liabilities as of September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were as follows:

 
September 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Accrued Liabilities
 
Other
Long-Term Liabilities
 
Total
 
Accrued Liabilities
 
Other
Long-Term Liabilities
 
Total
Employee-related liabilities (1)
$
146.0

 
$
61.6

 
$
207.6

 
$
194.3

 
$
61.7

 
$
256.0

Single employer pension plan obligations
1.8

 
103.8

 
105.6

 
1.8

 
112.4

 
114.2

Multiemployer pension plans – withdrawal liability
9.2

 
21.8

 
31.0

 
10.6

 
33.4

 
44.0

Tax-related liabilities
38.5

 
20.1

 
58.6

 
24.6

 
22.9

 
47.5

Restructuring liabilities
13.8

 
3.3

 
17.1

 
13.5

 
4.8

 
18.3

Interest and rent liabilities
13.3

 
2.2

 
15.5

 
7.6

 
3.3

 
10.9

Other
90.1

 
33.5

 
123.6

 
104.3

 
36.1

 
140.4

Total
$
312.7

 
$
246.3

 
$
559.0

 
$
356.7

 
$
274.6

 
$
631.3

______________________________
(1) 
Employee-related liabilities consist primarily of payroll, bonus, vacation, health and workers' compensation.



19
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Note 13. Employee Retirement Plans

Pension Plans

The Company sponsors various funded and unfunded pension plans for a portion of its full-time employees in the United States. Benefits are generally based upon years of service and compensation. These plans are frozen and are funded in conformity with the applicable government regulations. The Company funds at least the minimum amount required for all qualified plans using actuarial cost methods and assumptions acceptable under government regulations.

The components of net pension income (expense) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, were as follows:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Interest cost
$
(4.3
)
 
$
(4.0
)
 
$
(12.9
)
 
$
(14.3
)
Expected return on plan assets
6.9

 
7.3

 
20.7

 
23.1

Net periodic pension income
2.6

 
3.3

 
7.8

 
8.8

Settlement charge
—

 
(6.5
)
 
—

 
(6.5
)
Net pension income (expense)
$
2.6

 
$
(3.2
)
 
$
7.8

 
$
2.3


On July 1, 2017, the Company provided the option to receive a lump-sum pension payment to a select group of terminated vested participants. Total payments of $18.9 million have been made from January 1, 2017, to October 15, 2017, of which $8.4 million was paid in October 2017 under the lump-sum program. Payments to eligible participants who elected to receive a lump-sum pension payment were funded from existing pension plan assets and constituted a settlement of the Company’s pension liabilities with respect to these participants. The Company expects to record a non-cash settlement charge during the fourth quarter of 2017 in connection with the lump-sum payments.

On April 1, 2016, the Company provided the option to receive a lump-sum pension payment to a select group of terminated vested participants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company settled $90.1 million of pension liabilities for total lump-sum payments of $71.3 million. Payments to eligible participants who elected to receive a lump-sum pension payment were funded from existing pension plan assets and constituted a settlement of the Company’s pension liabilities with respect to these participants.

The Company’s pension assets and liabilities were remeasured as of July 2016. The discount rates and actuarial assumptions used to calculate the payouts were determined in accordance with federal regulations. The Company recorded a non-cash settlement charge of $6.5 million during the third quarter of 2016 in connection with the lump-sum payments. The settlement charge was classified as restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. These charges resulted from the recognition in earnings of a portion of the actuarial losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss based on the proportion of the obligation settled.

The Company made $0.8 million in benefit payments to its non-qualified defined benefit pension plans and made no contributions to its qualified defined benefit pension plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.



20
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Multiemployer Pension Plans ("MEPPs")

The Company has withdrawn from all significant MEPPs and replaced these union sponsored "promise to pay in the future" defined benefit plans with a Company sponsored "pay as you go" defined contribution plan. The two MEPPs, the Graphic Communications International Union – Employer Retirement Fund ("GCIU") and the Graphic Communications Conference of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters National Pension Fund ("GCC"), are significantly underfunded, and require the Company to pay a withdrawal liability to fund its pro rata share of the underfunding as of the plan year the full withdrawal was completed. As a result of the decision to withdraw, the Company accrued the estimated withdrawal liability based on information provided by each plan's trustee.

The Company has received a notice of withdrawal and demand for payment letter from the GCIU, which is in excess of the reserve established by the Company for the GCIU withdrawal. The Company is currently in litigation with the GCIU trustees to determine the amount and duration of the withdrawal payments for the GCIU. Arbitration proceedings with the GCIU have been completed, both sides have appealed the arbitrator's ruling, and litigation in Federal court has commenced. During April 2017, a Federal district court overturned the arbitration decision in one of the pending disputes in this matter. The Company has appealed the district court’s ruling to the Ninth Circuit.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company and the GCC reached a settlement agreement for all claims, with scheduled payments until February 2024.

The Company made payments totaling $20.4 million and $8.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The payments are required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, although such payments to the GCIU do not waive the Company's rights to object to the withdrawal liabilities submitted by the GCIU plan administrator.

The Company has reserved $31.0 million as its estimate of the total MEPPs withdrawal liability as of September 30, 2017, of which $21.8 million was recorded in other long-term liabilities and $9.2 million was recorded in accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The withdrawal liability reserved by the Company is within the range of the Company's estimated potential outcomes. This estimate may increase or decrease depending on the final conclusion of the litigation with the GCIU trustees.

Note 14. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed as net earnings divided by the basic weighted average common shares outstanding of 49.5 million and 49.4 million shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and 47.8 million and 47.6 million shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The calculation of diluted earnings per share includes the effect of any dilutive equity incentive instruments. The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the effect of outstanding dilutive equity incentive instruments, which requires the Company to compute total proceeds as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise of the award and the amount of unearned stock-based compensation costs attributable to future services.

Equity incentive instruments for which the total employee proceeds from exercise exceed the average fair value of the same equity incentive instrument over the period have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share during periods with net earnings, and accordingly, the Company excludes them from the calculation. Anti-dilutive equity instruments excluded from the computation of diluted net earnings per share were 0.7 million and 0.8 million class A common shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and 0.7 million and 2.3 million class A common shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.



21
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Reconciliations of the numerator and the denominator of the basic and diluted per share computations for the Company's common stock, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, are summarized as follows:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net earnings
$
19.8

 
$
11.3

 
$
51.9

 
$
7.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding for all classes of common shares
49.5

 
47.8

 
49.4

 
47.6

Plus: effect of dilutive equity incentive instruments
2.0

 
2.8

 
2.2

 
1.7

Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding for all classes of common shares
51.5

 
50.6

 
51.6

 
49.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.40

 
$
0.24

 
$
1.05

 
$
0.16

Diluted
$
0.38

 
$
0.22

 
$
1.01

 
$
0.15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends paid per common share for all classes of common shares
$
0.30

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.90

 
$
0.90


Note 15. Equity Incentive Programs

The shareholders of the Company approved the Quad/Graphics, Inc. 2010 Omnibus Incentive Plan ("Omnibus Plan") for two complementary purposes: (1) to attract and retain outstanding individuals to serve as directors, officers and employees; and (2) to increase shareholder value. The Omnibus Plan provides for an aggregate 10,871,652 shares of class A common stock reserved for issuance under the Omnibus Plan. Awards under the Omnibus Plan may consist of incentive awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance share units, shares of class A common stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred stock units or other stock-based awards as determined by the Company's Board of Directors. Each stock option granted has an exercise price of no less than 100% of the fair market value of the class A common stock on the date of grant. As of September 30, 2017, there were 2,136,442 shares available for issuance under the Omnibus Plan. Authorized unissued shares or treasury shares may be used for issuance under the Company's equity incentive programs. The Company intends to use treasury shares of its class A common stock to meet the stock requirements of its awards in the future.

The Company recognizes compensation expense based on estimated grant date fair values for all share-based awards issued to employees and non-employee directors, including stock options, performance shares, performance share units, restricted stock, restricted stock units and deferred stock units. The Company recognizes these compensation costs for only those awards expected to vest, on a straight-line basis over the requisite three to four year service period of the awards, except deferred stock units, which are fully vested and expensed on the grant date. The Company estimated the number of awards expected to vest based, in part, on historical forfeiture rates and also based on management's expectations of employee turnover within the specific employee groups receiving each type of award. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.



22
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Equity Incentive Compensation Expense

The total compensation expense recognized related to all equity incentive programs was $3.3 million and $13.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and $3.8 million and $12.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and was recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Total future compensation expense related to all equity incentive programs granted as of September 30, 2017, was estimated to be $20.4 million, which consists entirely of expense for restricted stock ("RS") and restricted stock unit ("RSU") awards. Estimated future compensation expense is $3.5 million for the remainder of 2017, $10.0 million for 2018, $6.0 million for 2019 and $0.9 million for 2020.

Stock Options

Options vest over four years, with no vesting in the first year and one-third vesting upon the second, third and fourth anniversary dates. As defined in the individual grant agreements, acceleration of vesting may occur under a change in control, death, disability or normal retirement of the grantee. Options expire no later than the tenth anniversary of the grant date, 24 months after termination for death, 36 months after termination for normal retirement or disability and 90 days after termination of employment for any other reason. Options are not credited with dividend declarations, except for the November 18, 2011 grants. Stock options are only to be granted to employees.

There were no stock options granted, and no compensation expense was recognized related to stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. There is no future compensation expense for stock options as of September 30, 2017.

The following table is a summary of the stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

 
Shares Under
Option
 
Weighted Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(millions)
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
1,702,866

 
$
23.00

 
3.3
 
$
12.3

Granted
—

 
—

 

 


Exercised
(154,549
)
 
16.14

 
 
 


Canceled/forfeited/expired
(22,892
)
 
23.32

 
 
 


Outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2017
1,525,425

 
$
23.69

 
2.6
 
$
6.7


The intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, was based on the fair value of the stock price. All outstanding options are vested as of September 30, 2017.

The following table is a summary of the stock option exercises and vesting activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised
$
—

 
$
8.9

 
$
1.7

 
$
9.7

Cash received from stock option exercises
—

 
21.1

 
2.4

 
22.8

Total grant date fair value of stock options vested
—

 
—

 
—

 
0.3




23
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards consist of shares or the rights to shares of the Company's class A common stock which are awarded to employees of the Company. The awards are restricted such that they are subject to substantial risk of forfeiture and to restrictions on their sale or other transfer by the employee. RSU awards are typically granted to eligible employees outside of the United States. As defined in the individual grant agreements, acceleration of vesting may occur under a change in control, death, disability or normal retirement of the grantee. Grantees receiving RS grants are able to exercise full voting rights and receive full credit for dividends during the vesting period. All such dividends will be paid to the RS grantee within 45 days of full vesting. Grantees receiving RSUs are not entitled to vote, but do earn dividends. Upon vesting, RSUs will be settled either through cash payment equal to the fair market value of the RSUs on the vesting date or through issuance of the Company's class A common stock.

The following table is a summary of RS and RSU award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

 
Restricted Stock
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Share
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (years)
 
Units
 
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Share
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (years)
Nonvested at December 31, 2016
2,485,389

 
$
15.89

 
1.5
 
235,886

 
$
11.04

 
1.8
Granted
665,517

 
26.85

 
 
 
71,438

 
26.88

 
 
Vested
(612,395
)
 
23.44

 
 
 
(10,529
)
 
23.45

 
 
Forfeited
(58,055
)
 
16.60

 
 
 
—

 
—

 
 
Nonvested at September 30, 2017
2,480,456

 
$
16.95

 
1.5
 
296,795

 
$
14.41

 
1.4

In general, RS and RSU awards will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date, provided the holder of the share is continuously employed by the Company until the vesting date. Compensation expense recognized for RS and RSUs was $3.3 million and $12.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, and $3.8 million and $11.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

Deferred Stock Units

Deferred stock units ("DSU") are awards of rights to shares of the Company's class A common stock and are awarded to non-employee directors of the Company. The following table is a summary of DSU award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

 
Deferred Stock Units
 
Units
 
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
249,739

 
$
16.98

Granted
34,656

 
26.88

Dividend equivalents granted
8,788

 
22.46

Settled
(99,894
)
 
18.65

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
193,289

 
$
18.12




24
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Each DSU award entitles the grantee to receive one share of class A common stock upon the earlier of the separation date of the grantee or the second anniversary of the grant date, but could be subject to acceleration for a change in control, death or disability as defined in the individual DSU grant agreement. Grantees of DSU awards may not exercise voting rights, but are credited with dividend equivalents, and those dividend equivalents will be converted into additional DSU awards based on the closing price of the class A common stock. No compensation expense was recorded for DSUs during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. There was $0.9 million and $0.8 million of compensation expense recorded for DSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As DSU awards are fully vested on the grant date, all compensation expense was recognized at the date of grant.

Note 16. Shareholders' Equity

The Company has three classes of common stock as follows (share data in millions):

 
 
 
Issued Common Stock
 
Authorized Shares
 
Outstanding
 
Treasury
 
Total Issued Shares
Class A stock ($0.025 par value)
80.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
37.8

 
2.2

 
40.0

December 31, 2016
 
 
37.2

 
2.8

 
40.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class B stock ($0.025 par value)
80.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
14.0

 
1.0

 
15.0

December 31, 2016
 
 
14.2

 
0.8

 
15.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class C stock ($0.025 par value)
20.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
—

 
0.5

 
0.5

December 31, 2016
 
 
—

 
0.5

 
0.5


In accordance with the Articles of Incorporation, each class A common share has one vote per share and each class B and class C common share has ten votes per share on all matters voted upon by the Company's shareholders. Liquidation rights are the same for all three classes of common stock.

The Company also has 0.5 million shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock authorized, of which none were issued at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. The Company has no present plans to issue any preferred stock.

On September 6, 2011, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $100.0 million of the Company's outstanding class A common stock. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repurchased 200,605 shares of its class A common stock at a weighted average price of $18.89 per share for a total purchase price of $3.8 million. As of September 30, 2017, there were $79.2 million of authorized repurchases remaining under the program.



25
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

In accordance with the Articles of Incorporation, dividends are paid equally for all three classes of common shares. The dividend activity related to the then outstanding shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, was as follows:

 
Declaration Date
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
 
Dividend Amount
per Share
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q3 Dividend
August 1, 2017
 
August 21, 2017
 
September 1, 2017
 
$
0.30

Q2 Dividend
May 1, 2017
 
May 22, 2017
 
June 2, 2017
 
0.30

Q1 Dividend
February 17, 2017
 
February 27, 2017
 
March 10, 2017
 
0.30

2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q3 Dividend
August 1, 2016
 
August 29, 2016
 
September 9, 2016
 
$
0.30

Q2 Dividend
May 3, 2016
 
June 6, 2016
 
June 17, 2016
 
0.30

Q1 Dividend
February 19, 2016
 
March 7, 2016
 
March 18, 2016
 
0.30


Activity impacting shareholders' equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was as follows:

 
Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
441.5

Net earnings
51.9

Translation adjustments
14.9

Interest rate swap adjustments, net of tax
(0.3
)
Cash dividends declared
(47.7
)
Stock-based compensation
13.0

Purchases of treasury stock
(3.8
)
Sale of stock for options exercised
2.4

Equity awards redeemed to pay employees' tax obligations
(5.9
)
Balance at September 30, 2017
$
466.0




26
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Note 17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were as follows:

 
Translation Adjustments
 
Interest Rate Swap Adjustments
 
Pension Benefit Plan Adjustments
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
(130.8
)
 
$
—

 
$
(21.8
)
 
$
(152.6
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
14.9

 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
14.6

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net earnings
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net other comprehensive income (loss)
14.9

 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
14.6

Balance at September 30, 2017
$
(115.9
)
 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
(21.8
)
 
$
(138.0
)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, were as follows:

 
Translation Adjustments
 
Pension Benefit Plan Adjustments
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
(126.9
)
 
$
(25.6
)
 
$
(152.5
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
4.6

 
(18.4
)
 
(13.8
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net earnings
—

 
4.0

 
4.0

Net other comprehensive income (loss)
4.6

 
(14.4
)
 
(9.8
)
Balance at September 30, 2016
$
(122.3
)
 
$
(40.0
)
 
$
(162.3
)

The details about the reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, were as follows:

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Presentation
2016
 
2016
Settlement charge on pension benefit plans (see Note 13)
$
6.5

 
$
6.5

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
Income tax benefit
(2.5
)
 
(2.5
)
Income tax expense
Settlement charge on pension benefit plans, net of tax
4.0

 
4.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total reclassifications for the period
6.5

 
6.5

 
Impact of income taxes
(2.5
)
 
(2.5
)
 
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax
$
4.0

 
$
4.0

 



27
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Note 18. Segment Information

The Company operates primarily in the commercial print portion of the printing industry, with related product and service offerings designed to offer clients complete solutions for communicating their message to target audiences. The Company's operating and reportable segments are aligned with how the chief operating decision maker of the Company currently manages the business. The Company's operating and reportable segments, including their product and service offerings, and a "Corporate" category are as follows:

•United States Print and Related Services
•International
•Corporate

United States Print and Related Services

The United States Print and Related Services segment is predominantly comprised of the Company's United States printing operations and is managed as one integrated platform. This includes retail inserts, publications, catalogs, special interest publications, journals, direct mail, books, directories, in-store marketing and promotion, packaging, newspapers, custom print products, other commercial and specialty printed products and global paper procurement, together with marketing and other complementary services, including marketing strategy, media planning and placement, data insights, segmentation and response analytics services, creative services, videography, photography, workflow solutions, digital imaging, facilities management services, digital publishing, interactive print solutions including image recognition and near field communication technology, mailing, distribution, logistics, and data optimization and hygiene services. This segment also includes the manufacture of ink.

International

The International segment consists of the Company's printing operations in Europe and Latin America, including operations in England, France, Germany, Poland, Argentina, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, as well as investments in printing operations in Brazil and India. This segment provides printed products and marketing and other complementary services consistent with the United States Print and Related Services segment. Unrestricted subsidiaries as defined in the Company's Senior Unsecured Notes indenture represent less than 2.0% of total consolidated assets as of September 30, 2017, and less than 2.0% of total consolidated net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Corporate

Corporate consists of unallocated general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal and finance, as well as certain expenses and income from frozen employee retirement plans, such as pension benefit plans.



28
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

The following is a summary of segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

 
Net Sales
 
Operating Income (Loss)
 
Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-
Related Charges
 
Products
 
Services
 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States Print and Related Services
$
762.5

 
$
143.8

 
$
53.4

 
$
7.8

International
94.4

 
4.7

 
7.2

 
(1.0
)
Total operating segments
856.9

 
148.5

 
60.6

 
6.8

Corporate
—

 
—

 
(11.2
)
 
1.2

Total
$
856.9

 
$
148.5

 
$
49.4

 
$
8.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States Print and Related Services
$
808.6

 
$
147.9

 
$
58.6

 
$
8.8

International
95.6

 
4.3

 
5.5

 
(1.3
)
Total operating segments
904.2

 
152.2

 
64.1

 
7.5

Corporate
—

 
—

 
(30.3
)
 
18.6

Total
$
904.2

 
$
152.2

 
$
33.8

 
$
26.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States Print and Related Services
$
2,258.7

 
$
422.1

 
$
156.6

 
$
17.7

International
271.9

 
14.5

 
15.3

 
1.8

Total operating segments
2,530.6

 
436.6

 
171.9

 
19.5

Corporate
—

 
—

 
(36.2
)
 
3.0

Total
$
2,530.6

 
$
436.6

 
$
135.7

 
$
22.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States Print and Related Services
$
2,405.1

 
$
428.8

 
$
114.6

 
$
40.4

International
283.8

 
13.5

 
7.5

 
0.7

Total operating segments
2,688.9

 
442.3

 
122.1

 
41.1

Corporate
—

 
—

 
(62.0
)
 
21.3

Total
$
2,688.9

 
$
442.3

 
$
60.1

 
$
62.4


Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, are further described in Note 2, "Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges," and are included in the operating income (loss) results by segment above.



29
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

A reconciliation of operating income to earnings before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity as reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, was as follows:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Operating income
$
49.4

 
$
33.8

 
$
135.7

 
$
60.1

Less: interest expense
17.8

 
19.6

 
53.6

 
58.9

Less: loss (gain) on debt extinguishment
—

 
—

 
2.6

 
(14.1
)
Earnings before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
$
31.6

 
$
14.2

 
$
79.5

 
$
15.3


Note 19. Separate Financial Information of Subsidiary Guarantors of Indebtedness

On April 28, 2014, Quad/Graphics completed an offering of the Senior Unsecured Notes. Each of the Company's existing and future domestic subsidiaries that is a borrower or guarantees indebtedness under the Company's Senior Secured Credit Facility or that guarantees certain of the Company's other indebtedness or indebtedness of the Company's restricted subsidiaries (other than intercompany indebtedness) fully and unconditionally guarantee or, in the case of future subsidiaries, will guarantee, on a joint and several basis, the Senior Unsecured Notes (the "Guarantor Subsidiaries"). All of the current Guarantor Subsidiaries are 100% owned by the Company. Guarantor Subsidiaries will be automatically released from these guarantees upon the occurrence of certain events, including the following:

•
the designation of any of the Guarantor Subsidiaries as an unrestricted subsidiary;

•
the release or discharge of any guarantee or indebtedness that resulted in the creation of the guarantee of the Senior Unsecured Notes by any of the Guarantor Subsidiaries; or

•
the sale or disposition, including the sale of substantially all the assets, of any of the Guarantor Subsidiaries.



30
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

The following condensed consolidating financial information reflects the summarized financial information of Quad/Graphics, the Company's Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis and the Company's non-guarantor subsidiaries on a combined basis.

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Net sales
$
413.6

 
$
585.5

 
$
107.8

 
$
(101.5
)
 
$
1,005.4

Cost of sales
297.1

 
502.3

 
84.8

 
(99.4
)
 
784.8

Selling, general and administrative expenses
66.6

 
30.0

 
10.4

 
(2.1
)
 
104.9

Depreciation and amortization
26.4

 
26.2

 
5.7

 
—

 
58.3

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
7.9

 
1.1

 
(1.0
)
 
—

 
8.0

Total operating expenses
398.0

 
559.6

 
99.9

 
(101.5
)
 
956.0

Operating income (loss)
$
15.6

 
$
25.9

 
$
7.9

 
$
—

 
$
49.4

Interest expense (income)
17.7

 
(0.7
)
 
0.8

 
—

 
17.8

Earnings (loss) before income taxes and equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated and unconsolidated entities
(2.1
)
 
26.6

 
7.1

 
—

 
31.6

Income tax expense (benefit)
4.5

 
6.1

 
1.2

 
—

 
11.8

Earnings (loss) before equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated and unconsolidated entities
(6.6
)
 
20.5

 
5.9

 
—

 
19.8

Equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated entities
(26.4
)
 
(1.0
)
 
—

 
27.4

 
—

Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net earnings (loss)
$
19.8

 
$
21.5

 
$
5.9

 
$
(27.4
)
 
$
19.8


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Net earnings (loss)
$
19.8

 
$
21.5

 
$
5.9

 
$
(27.4
)
 
$
19.8

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
3.6

 
(0.3
)
 
3.4

 
(3.1
)
 
3.6

Total comprehensive income (loss)
$
23.4

 
$
21.2

 
$
9.3

 
$
(30.5
)
 
$
23.4



31
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Net sales
$
443.9

 
$
617.5

 
$
112.4

 
$
(117.4
)
 
$
1,056.4

Cost of sales
336.1

 
515.4

 
90.8

 
(117.4
)
 
824.9

Selling, general and administrative expenses
55.1

 
45.3

 
9.5

 
—

 
109.9

Depreciation and amortization
29.1

 
25.4

 
7.2

 
—

 
61.7

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
25.7

 
1.7

 
(1.3
)
 
—

 
26.1

Total operating expenses
446.0

 
587.8

 
106.2

 
(117.4
)
 
1,022.6

Operating income (loss)
$
(2.1
)
 
$
29.7

 
$
6.2

 
$
—

 
$
33.8

Interest expense (income)
20.1

 
(1.4
)
 
0.9

 
—

 
19.6

Earnings (loss) before income taxes and equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated and unconsolidated entities
(22.2
)
 
31.1

 
5.3

 
—

 
14.2

Income tax expense (benefit)
0.1

 
2.4

 
0.4

 
—

 
2.9

Earnings (loss) before equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated and unconsolidated entities
(22.3
)
 
28.7

 
4.9

 
—

 
11.3

Equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated entities
(33.6
)
 
(1.3
)
 
—

 
34.9

 
—

Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net earnings (loss)
$
11.3

 
$
30.0

 
$
4.9

 
$
(34.9
)
 
$
11.3


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Net earnings (loss)
$
11.3

 
$
30.0

 
$
4.9

 
$
(34.9
)
 
$
11.3

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(16.9
)
 
(14.7
)
 
(2.8
)
 
17.5

 
(16.9
)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
$
(5.6
)
 
$
15.3

 
$
2.1

 
$
(17.4
)
 
$
(5.6
)



32
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Net sales
$
1,221.1

 
$
1,711.1

 
$
310.4

 
$
(275.4
)
 
$
2,967.2

Cost of sales
884.2

 
1,470.2

 
246.8

 
(270.3
)
 
2,330.9

Selling, general and administrative expenses
191.4

 
88.8

 
27.5

 
(5.1
)
 
302.6

Depreciation and amortization
81.3

 
77.8

 
16.4

 
—

 
175.5

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
25.8

 
(5.0
)
 
1.7

 
—

 
22.5

Total operating expenses
1,182.7

 
1,631.8

 
292.4

 
(275.4
)
 
2,831.5

Operating income (loss)
$
38.4

 
$
79.3

 
$
18.0

 
$
—

 
$
135.7

Interest expense (income)
52.2

 
(1.3
)
 
2.7

 
—

 
53.6

Loss (gain) on debt extinguishment
2.6

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2.6

Earnings (loss) before income taxes and equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated and unconsolidated entities
(16.4
)
 
80.6

 
15.3

 
—

 
79.5

Income tax expense (benefit)
(2.2
)
 
26.3

 
2.7

 
—

 
26.8

Earnings (loss) before equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated and unconsolidated entities
(14.2
)
 
54.3

 
12.6

 
—

 
52.7

Equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated entities
(66.1
)
 
(2.2
)
 
—

 
68.3

 
—

Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
—

 
—

 
0.8

 
—

 
0.8

Net earnings (loss)
$
51.9

 
$
56.5

 
$
11.8

 
$
(68.3
)
 
$
51.9


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Net earnings (loss)
$
51.9

 
$
56.5

 
$
11.8

 
$
(68.3
)
 
$
51.9

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
14.6

 
(0.5
)
 
14.3

 
(13.8
)
 
14.6

Total comprehensive income (loss)
$
66.5

 
$
56.0

 
$
26.1

 
$
(82.1
)
 
$
66.5




33
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Net sales
$
1,302.9

 
$
1,790.1

 
$
336.9

 
$
(298.7
)
 
$
3,131.2

Cost of sales
960.0

 
1,518.7

 
269.4

 
(298.7
)
 
2,449.4

Selling, general and administrative expenses
193.9

 
114.6

 
33.4

 
—

 
341.9

Depreciation and amortization
118.8

 
75.2

 
23.4

 
—

 
217.4

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
44.6

 
17.0

 
0.8

 
—

 
62.4

Total operating expenses
1,317.3

 
1,725.5

 
327.0

 
(298.7
)
 
3,071.1

Operating income (loss)
$
(14.4
)
 
$
64.6

 
$
9.9

 
$
—

 
$
60.1

Interest expense (income)
59.8

 
(3.8
)
 
2.9

 
—

 
58.9

Loss (gain) on debt extinguishment
(14.1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(14.1
)
Earnings (loss) before income taxes and equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated and unconsolidated entities
(60.1
)
 
68.4

 
7.0

 
—

 
15.3

Income tax expense (benefit)
5.9

 
(0.9
)
 
0.6

 
—

 
5.6

Earnings (loss) before equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated and unconsolidated entities
(66.0
)
 
69.3

 
6.4

 
—

 
9.7

Equity in (earnings) loss of consolidated entities
(73.4
)
 
(4.6
)
 
—

 
78.0

 
—

Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
—

 
—

 
2.3

 
—

 
2.3

Net earnings (loss)
$
7.4

 
$
73.9

 
$
4.1

 
$
(78.0
)
 
$
7.4


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Net earnings (loss)
$
7.4

 
$
73.9

 
$
4.1

 
$
(78.0
)
 
$
7.4

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(9.8
)
 
(16.0
)
 
2.8

 
13.2

 
(9.8
)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
$
(2.4
)
 
$
57.9

 
$
6.9

 
$
(64.8
)
 
$
(2.4
)



34
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of September 30, 2017

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
5.3

 
$
0.9

 
$
9.2

 
$
—

 
$
15.4

Receivables, less allowances for doubtful accounts
399.5

 
53.7

 
88.8

 
—

 
542.0

Intercompany receivables
—

 
779.6

 
—

 
(779.6
)
 
—

Inventories
136.9

 
131.5

 
39.6

 
—

 
308.0

Other current assets
29.5

 
5.6

 
7.6

 
—

 
42.7

Total current assets
571.2

 
971.3

 
145.2

 
(779.6
)
 
908.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment—net
723.2

 
540.8

 
163.4

 
—

 
1,427.4

Investment in consolidated entities
1,370.4

 
11.4

 
—

 
(1,381.8
)
 
—

Intangible assets—net
8.2

 
28.0

 
11.6

 
—

 
47.8

Intercompany loan receivable
104.8

 
—

 
—

 
(104.8
)
 
—

Other long-term assets
51.6

 
10.4

 
32.1

 
—

 
94.1

Total assets
$
2,829.4

 
$
1,561.9

 
$
352.3

 
$
(2,266.2
)
 
$
2,477.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
204.9

 
$
80.4

 
$
59.2

 
$
—

 
$
344.5

Intercompany accounts payable
769.6

 
—

 
10.0

 
(779.6
)
 
—

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations
66.8

 
1.3

 
4.9

 
—

 
73.0

Other current liabilities
213.3

 
68.7

 
32.8

 
—

 
314.8

Total current liabilities
1,254.6

 
150.4

 
106.9

 
(779.6
)
 
732.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations
968.2

 
1.5

 
11.5

 
—

 
981.2

Intercompany loan payable
—

 
40.7

 
64.1

 
(104.8
)
 
—

Other long-term liabilities
140.6

 
143.4

 
13.9

 
—

 
297.9

Total liabilities
2,363.4

 
336.0

 
196.4

 
(884.4
)
 
2,011.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total shareholders' equity
466.0

 
1,225.9

 
155.9

 
(1,381.8
)
 
466.0

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
2,829.4

 
$
1,561.9

 
$
352.3

 
$
(2,266.2
)
 
$
2,477.4




35
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2016

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
0.3

 
$
1.9

 
$
6.8

 
$
—

 
$
9.0

Receivables, less allowances for doubtful accounts
439.7

 
37.7

 
86.2

 
—

 
563.6

Intercompany receivables
—

 
720.5

 
—

 
(720.5
)
 
—

Inventories
102.2

 
115.9

 
47.3

 
—

 
265.4

Other current assets
40.6

 
15.7

 
8.3

 
—

 
64.6

Total current assets
582.8

 
891.7

 
148.6

 
(720.5
)
 
902.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment—net
777.3

 
577.9

 
164.7

 
—

 
1,519.9

Investment in consolidated entities
1,288.9

 
61.8

 
—

 
(1,350.7
)
 
—

Intangible assets—net
12.0

 
20.3

 
27.4

 
—

 
59.7

Intercompany loan receivable
104.2

 
—

 
—

 
(104.2
)
 
—

Other long-term assets
43.5

 
10.1

 
34.3

 
—

 
87.9

Total assets
$
2,808.7

 
$
1,561.8

 
$
375.0

 
$
(2,175.4
)
 
$
2,570.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
159.3

 
$
98.5

 
$
65.7

 
$
—

 
$
323.5

Intercompany accounts payable
711.2

 
—

 
9.3

 
(720.5
)
 
—

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations
79.5

 
2.9

 
9.7

 
—

 
92.1

Other current liabilities
253.9

 
76.2

 
28.9

 
—

 
359.0

Total current liabilities
1,203.9

 
177.6

 
113.6

 
(720.5
)
 
774.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations
1,022.0

 
2.4

 
14.3

 
—

 
1,038.7

Intercompany loan payable
—

 
39.9

 
64.3

 
(104.2
)
 
—

Other long-term liabilities
141.3

 
150.0

 
24.0

 
—

 
315.3

Total liabilities
2,367.2

 
369.9

 
216.2

 
(824.7
)
 
2,128.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total shareholders' equity
441.5

 
1,191.9

 
158.8

 
(1,350.7
)
 
441.5

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
2,808.7

 
$
1,561.8

 
$
375.0

 
$
(2,175.4
)
 
$
2,570.1




36
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash from operating activities
$
100.4

 
$
54.7

 
$
24.6

 
$
—

 
$
179.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
(17.8
)
 
(36.1
)
 
(7.7
)
 
—

 
(61.6
)
Intercompany investing activities
(4.3
)
 
(45.3
)
 
0.8

 
48.8

 
—

Other investing activities
(5.0
)
 
32.2

 
3.8

 
—

 
31.0

Net cash from (used in) investing activities
(27.1
)
 
(49.2
)
 
(3.1
)
 
48.8

 
(30.6
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
375.0

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
375.0

Payments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations
(423.5
)
 
(2.5
)
 
(4.2
)
 
—

 
(430.2
)
Borrowings on revolving credit facilities
521.9

 
—

 
3.8

 
—

 
525.7

Payments on revolving credit facilities
(540.9
)
 
—

 
(9.5
)
 
—

 
(550.4
)
Purchases of treasury stock
(3.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3.8
)
Payment of cash dividends
(46.5
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(46.5
)
Intercompany financing activities
57.7

 
0.1

 
(9.0
)
 
(48.8
)
 
—

Other financing activities
(8.2
)
 
(4.1
)
 
—

 
—

 
(12.3
)
Net cash from (used in) financing activities
(68.3
)
 
(6.5
)
 
(18.9
)
 
(48.8
)
 
(142.5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
—

 
—

 
(0.2
)
 
—

 
(0.2
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
5.0

 
(1.0
)
 
2.4

 
—

 
6.4

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
0.3

 
1.9

 
6.8

 
—

 
9.0

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
5.3

 
$
0.9

 
$
9.2

 
$
—

 
$
15.4




37
Table of Contents


QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

 
Quad/Graphics,
Inc.
 
Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash from operating activities
$
116.2

 
$
136.4

 
$
7.4

 
$
—

 
$
260.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
(24.0
)
 
(18.5
)
 
(15.2
)
 
—

 
(57.7
)
Acquisition related investing activities
(0.9
)
 
0.9

 
—

 
—

 
—

Intercompany investing activities
12.1

 
(121.8
)
 
19.1

 
90.6

 
—

Other investing activities
(6.1
)
 
5.4

 
2.2

 
—

 
1.5

Net cash from (used in) investing activities
(18.9
)
 
(134.0
)
 
6.1

 
90.6

 
(56.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
—

 
—

 
19.7

 
—

 
19.7

Payments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations
(170.4
)
 
(2.6
)
 
(2.2
)
 
—

 
(175.2
)
Borrowings on revolving credit facilities
648.9

 
—

 
63.1

 
—

 
712.0

Payments on revolving credit facilities
(673.2
)
 
—

 
(54.4
)
 
—

 
(727.6
)
Purchases of treasury stock
(8.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8.8
)
Payment of cash dividends
(44.0
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(44.0
)
Intercompany financing activities
128.5

 
0.1

 
(38.0
)
 
(90.6
)
 
—

Other financing activities
21.3

 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
—

 
21.0

Net cash from (used in) financing activities
(97.7
)
 
(2.8
)
 
(11.8
)
 
(90.6
)
 
(202.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
—

 
—

 
(0.2
)
 
—

 
(0.2
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(0.4
)
 
(0.4
)
 
1.5

 
—

 
0.7

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
2.3

 
2.8

 
5.7

 
—

 
10.8

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
1.9

 
$
2.4

 
$
7.2

 
$
—

 
$
11.5




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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

Note 20. New Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-12 "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" ("ASU 2017-12"), which simplifies and reduces the complexity of the hedge accounting requirements and better aligns an entity's financial reporting for hedging relationships with its risk management activities. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. This new guidance will require a modified retrospective adoption approach to existing hedging relationships as of the adoption date. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2017-12 on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-09 "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting" ("ASU 2017-09"), which clarifies the types of changes to terms or conditions for share based payment awards that would require an entity to apply the modification accounting guidance. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This new guidance will require a prospective adoption approach. The Company believes the adoption of ASU 2017-09 will not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-07 "Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost" ("ASU 2017-07"), which requires that an employer disaggregate the service cost component from net benefit cost and provides guidance on how to present the service costs and other components of net benefit costs in the statement of operations. Under the new standard, an entity must report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs. The other components of net benefit cost will be required to be presented in the statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of operating income. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance. This new guidance will require a retrospective adoption approach for the classification of components of net periodic benefit cost in the statement of operations. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2017-07, the Company expects to reclassify pension income (expense) of approximately $2.6 million and $7.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, and $(3.2) million and $2.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, to a line outside the subtotal of operating income, resulting in no impact to net earnings. See Note 13, "Employee Retirement Plans," for the components of net pension income (expense).

In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-18 "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 320): Restricted Cash" ("ASU 2016-18"), which clarifies guidance on the classification and presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This new guidance will require a retrospective adoption approach. The Company believes the adoption of ASU 2016-18 will not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-15 "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" ("ASU 2016-15"), which is intended to reduce diversity in practice, providing guidance on eight specific cash flow classification issues with regards to how the cash receipts and cash payments are presented within the statements of cash flows. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This new guidance will require a retrospective adoption approach unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case the guidance should be applied prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Company believes the adoption of ASU 2016-15 will not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.



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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. Under the new guidance, entities will be required to measure expected credit losses for financial instruments, including trade receivables, based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable forecasts. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. This new guidance will require a modified retrospective transition approach, where the entity will need to apply a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings (accumulated deficit) as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 "Leases (Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02"), which establishes a right-of-use model requiring a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than twelve months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. The guidance also requires additional disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. This new guidance will require a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to elect to use certain transition relief. The modified retrospective transition approach would require the application of the new accounting model for the earliest year presented in the financial statements. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" ("ASU 2014-09"), which provides revised guidance on recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. Under this guidance, an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to the customer in the amount that reflects what it expects in exchange for the goods or services. This guidance also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of the financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the revenue and cash flow arising from contracts with customers. This guidance allows the option of either a full retrospective adoption, meaning the guidance is applied to all periods presented, or a modified retrospective adoption, meaning the guidance is applied only to the most current period. As amended, ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company plans to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018.

The Company has established a cross-functional implementation team to evaluate the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the consolidated financial statements. The Company has identified and is in the process of implementing changes to its systems, processes and internal controls to meet the standard's reporting and disclosure requirements. The Company continues to assess all potential impacts of the standard. The Company previously disclosed that it was assessing whether revenue from certain contracts with customers would be recognized over-time versus at a point-in-time. The Company has determined that revenue from such contacts will be recognized at a point-in-time under ASU 2014-09, which is the Company's current accounting policy. As of September 30, 2017, the Company's final assessment of the impact of revenue recognition guidance within its United States Print and Related Services and International segments is nearing completion. The Company currently anticipates applying the modified retrospective approach when adopting this guidance and remains on schedule for implementation in the first quarter of 2018.

Note 21. Subsequent Events

Declaration of Quarterly Dividend

On October 31, 2017, the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.30 per share, which will be paid on December 1, 2017, to shareholders of record as of November 20, 2017.



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ITEM 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of Quad/Graphics should be read together with (1) the Quad/Graphics condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, including the notes thereto, included in Item 1, "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)," of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q; and (2) the audited consolidated annual financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 22, 2017.

Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is provided as a supplement to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to help provide an understanding of the Company's financial condition, the changes in the Company's financial condition and the Company's results of operations. This discussion and analysis is organized as follows:

•
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

•
Overview. This section includes a general description of the Company's business and segments, an overview of key performance metrics the Company's management measures and utilizes to evaluate business performance, and an overview of trends affecting the Company, including management's actions related to the trends.

•
Results of Operations. This section contains an analysis of the Company's results of operations by comparing the results for (1) the three months ended September 30, 2017, to the three months ended September 30, 2016; and (2) the nine months ended September 30, 2017, to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Forward-looking statements providing a general description of recent and projected industry and Company developments that are important to understanding the Company's results of operations are included in this section. This section also provides a discussion of EBITDA and EBITDA margin, non-GAAP financial measures that the Company uses to assess the performance of its business.

•
Liquidity and Capital Resources. This section provides an analysis of the Company's capitalization, cash flows, a statement about off-balance sheet arrangements and a discussion of outstanding debt and commitments. Forward-looking statements important to understanding the Company's financial condition are included in this section. This section also provides a discussion of Free Cash Flow and Debt Leverage Ratio, non-GAAP financial measures that the Company uses to assess liquidity and capital allocation and deployment.

•
New Accounting Pronouncements.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

To the extent any statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain information that is not historical, these statements are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, the objectives, goals, strategies, beliefs, intentions, plans, estimates, prospects, projections and outlook of the Company, and can generally be identified by the use of words such as "may," "will," "expect," "intend," "estimate," "anticipate," "plan," "foresee," "believe" or "continue" or the negatives of these terms, variations on them and other similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond the control of the Company. These risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by those forward-looking statements. Among risks, uncertainties and other factors that may impact Quad/Graphics are those described in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of the Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 22, 2017, as such may be amended or supplemented in Part II, "Other Information," Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of the Company's subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q (including this report), and the following:



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•
The impact of decreasing demand for printed materials and significant overcapacity in the highly competitive commercial printing industry creates downward pricing pressures;

•
The impact of electronic media and similar technological changes, including digital substitution by consumers;

•
The inability of the Company to reduce costs and improve operating efficiency rapidly enough to meet market conditions;

•
The impact of changing future economic conditions;

•
The failure of clients to perform under contracts or to renew contracts with clients on favorable terms or at all;

•
The failure to attract and retain qualified production personnel;

•
The impact of increased business complexity as a result of the Company's entry into additional markets;

•
The impact of fluctuations in costs (including labor and labor-related costs, energy costs, freight rates and raw materials) and the impact of fluctuations in the availability of raw materials;

•
The failure to successfully identify, manage, complete and integrate acquisitions and investments;

•
The impact of risks associated with the operations outside of the United States, including costs incurred or reputational damage suffered due to improper conduct of its employees, contractors or agents;

•
The impact of changes in postal rates, service levels or regulations;

•
The impact of regulatory matters and legislative developments or changes in laws, including changes in cyber-security, privacy and environmental laws;

•
The fragility and decline in overall distribution channels, including newspaper distribution channels;

•
The impact of the various restrictive covenants in the Company's debt facilities on the Company's ability to operate its business;

•
Significant capital expenditures may be needed to maintain the Company's platform and processes and to remain technologically and economically competitive;

•
The impact on the holders of Quad/Graphics' class A common stock of a limited active market for such shares and the inability to independently elect directors or control decisions due to the voting power of the class B common stock; and

•
The impact of an other than temporary decline in operating results and enterprise value that could lead to non-cash impairment charges due to the impairment of property, plant and equipment and other intangible assets.

Quad/Graphics cautions that the foregoing list of risks, uncertainties and other factors is not exhaustive, and you should carefully consider the other factors detailed from time to time in Quad/Graphics' filings with the SEC and other uncertainties and potential events when reviewing the Company's forward-looking statements.

Because forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except to the extent required by the federal securities laws, Quad/Graphics undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


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Overview

Business Overview

Quad/Graphics is a global marketing services provider that helps brand owners market their products, services and content more efficiently and effectively by using its strong print foundation in combination with other media channels. With a consultative approach, worldwide capabilities, leading-edge technology and single-source simplicity, the Company believes it has the resources and knowledge to help a wide variety of clients in multiple vertical industries, including retail, publishing and healthcare.

Quad/Graphics believes employee pride, combined with a relentless quest to find a better way, creates innovative ideas that drive improved performance and shared success for all. To accomplish this vision, Quad/Graphics continues to redefine its role in a multichannel world and remains focused on its consistent mission to achieve the following:

Walk in the Shoes of Our Clients

Quad/Graphics seeks to become an invaluable strategic partner for helping clients successfully navigate today's constantly changing media marketplace. As a strategic partner, Quad/Graphics helps clients plan, create and execute a marketing strategy effectively across multiple channels. The Company reinforces that all employees, regardless of job title, are part of Quad/Graphics' client experience team. As such, all employees are responsible for meeting the needs of its clients every day, making it easy to work with Quad/Graphics, and making the client experience enjoyable at every touchpoint. A key component of Quad/Graphics' client-facing strategy is to strengthen relationships at different levels inside a client's organization so the Company can better understand, anticipate and satisfy a client's needs. The Company also believes its proactive thought leadership in the key issues facing clients, such as integrated marketing services and postal reform, will foster loyalty to the Quad/Graphics brand.

Grow the Business Profitably

Key components of this strategy are centered on Quad/Graphics' ability to grow through the following:

•
Ongoing innovation and investment, in support of the Company's value proposition of helping clients create and deploy content more efficiently and market more effectively through campaign management and measurement. This includes process investments to help clients optimize workflows through audit and discovery services, streamline content creation to help reduce overall production and distribution costs and improve speed-to-market; and platform investments in variable printing and data management to bridge traditional analog and digital marketing worlds to help clients deliver more personal, relevant brand experiences through multichannel campaigns that engage consumers at the right place and time to generate greater market penetration and lift in response.

•
Organic growth, in which the Company leverages knowledge from existing client relationships in key growth vertical industries to develop and grow complementary products and services that help brand owners market more efficiently and effectively across media channels. Quad/Graphics is also focused on ensuring it has the right talent in the best positions to have strategic marketing conversations with its clients to understand their needs, to develop tailored solutions and to grow market share.

•
Disciplined acquisitions, through which the Company will continue to transform its existing product lines while expanding into higher growth product and service categories that help bolster the Company's ability to create value for its clients.



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Strengthen the Core

Quad/Graphics uses a disciplined return on capital framework and historically has made significant investments in its print manufacturing platform and data management capabilities that have resulted in what it believes is one of the most integrated, automated, efficient and modern manufacturing platforms in the industry. The Company's continued focus to strengthen its core manufacturing platform through investments to streamline, automate and improve efficiencies and throughput, while reducing labor costs, promotes sustainable cash flow and continued value creation. Further, a commitment to Lean Enterprise and a disciplined culture of continuous improvement is a high priority throughout the Company and supports its goal of strengthening the core product lines to ensure the most efficient production and distribution platform and reach its goal to be the industry's high-quality, low-cost producer.

Engage Employees

Quad/Graphics' strategy to engage employees builds on key aspects of its distinct corporate culture, including an organization-wide entrepreneurial spirit and opportunity-seeking mentality where employees are encouraged to take pride and ownership in their work; take advantage of continuous learning, apprentice and job-advancement opportunities; share knowledge by mentoring others; and innovate solutions. With the encouragement to do things differently and to create a better way, the Company believes its employees are more fully engaged in producing better results for clients and the local communities surrounding its facilities, and advancing the Company's strategic goals.

Enhance Financial Strength and Create Shareholder Value

Quad/Graphics follows a disciplined approach to maintaining and enhancing financial strength to create shareholder value, which is essential given ongoing printing industry challenges. This key strategic goal is centered on the Company's ability to maximize net earnings, Free Cash Flow and operating margins; maintain consistent financial policies to ensure a strong balance sheet, liquidity level, and access to capital; and retain the financial flexibility needed to strategically allocate and deploy capital as circumstances change. The priorities for capital allocation and deployment are adjusted based on prevailing circumstances and what the Company thinks is best for shareholder value creation at any particular point in time. Those priorities currently include the following: (1) deleveraging the Company's balance sheet through debt and pension liability reductions; (2) making compelling investments that drive profitable organic growth and productivity in the Company's current business, as well as executing on acquisitions through a disciplined approach that includes expansion into higher-growth products and services that enhance its ability to create client value, and pursuing value-driven industry consolidation; and (3) returning capital to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases.

The Company operates primarily in the commercial print portion of the printing industry, with related product and service offerings designed to offer clients complete solutions for communicating their message to target audiences. The Company's operating and reportable segments are aligned with how the chief operating decision maker of the Company currently manages the business. The Company's operating and reportable segments, including their product and service offerings, and a "Corporate" category are as follows:

•United States Print and Related Services
•International
•Corporate

United States Print and Related Services

The United States Print and Related Services segment is predominantly comprised of the Company's United States printing operations and is managed as one integrated platform. This includes retail inserts, publications, catalogs, special interest publications, journals, direct mail, books, directories, in-store marketing and promotion, packaging, newspapers, custom print products, other commercial and specialty printed products and global paper procurement, together with marketing and other complementary services, including marketing strategy, media planning and placement, data insights, segmentation and response analytics services, creative services, videography, photography, workflow solutions, digital imaging, facilities management services, digital publishing, interactive print solutions including image recognition and near field communication technology, mailing, distribution, logistics, and data optimization and hygiene services. This segment also includes the manufacture of ink. The United States Print and Related Services segment accounted for approximately 90% of the Company's consolidated net sales during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.


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International

The International segment consists of the Company's printing operations in Europe and Latin America, including operations in England, France, Germany, Poland, Argentina, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, as well as investments in printing operations in Brazil and India. This segment provides printed products and marketing and other complementary services consistent with the United States Print and Related Services segment. The International segment accounted for approximately 10% of the Company's consolidated net sales during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Corporate

Corporate consists of unallocated general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal and finance, as well as certain expenses and income from frozen employee retirement plans, such as pension benefit plans.

Key Performance Metrics Overview

The Company's management believes the ability to generate net sales growth, profit increases and positive cash flow, while maintaining the appropriate level of debt, are key indicators of the successful execution of the Company's business strategy and will increase shareholder value. The Company uses period over period net sales growth, EBITDA, EBITDA margin, net cash provided by operating activities, Free Cash Flow and Debt Leverage Ratio as metrics to measure operating performance, financial condition and liquidity. EBITDA, EBITDA margin, Free Cash Flow and Debt Leverage Ratio are non-GAAP financial measures (see the definitions of EBITDA, EBITDA margin and the reconciliation of net earnings to EBITDA in the "Results of Operations" section below, and see the definitions of Free Cash Flow and Debt Leverage Ratio, the reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to Free Cash Flow, and the calculation of Debt Leverage Ratio in the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section below).

Net sales growth. The Company uses period over period net sales growth as a key performance metric. The Company's management assesses net sales growth based on the ability to generate increased net sales through increased sales to existing clients, sales to new clients, sales of new or expanded solutions to existing and new clients and opportunities to expand sales through strategic investments, including acquisitions.

EBITDA and EBITDA margin. The Company uses EBITDA and EBITDA margin as metrics to assess operating performance. The Company's management assesses EBITDA and EBITDA margin based on the ability to increase revenues while controlling variable expense growth.

Net cash provided by operating activities. The Company uses net cash provided by operating activities as a metric to assess liquidity. The Company's management assesses net cash provided by operating activities based on the ability to meet recurring cash obligations while increasing available cash to fund cash restructuring requirements related to cost reduction activities, as well as to fund capital expenditures, debt service requirements, World Color Press single employer pension plan contributions, World Color Press MEPPs withdrawal liabilities, acquisitions and other investments in future growth, shareholder dividends and share repurchases. Net cash provided by operating activities can be significantly impacted by the timing of non-recurring or infrequent receipts or expenditures.

Free Cash Flow. The Company uses Free Cash Flow as a metric to assess liquidity and capital deployment. The Company's management assesses Free Cash Flow as a measure to quantify cash available for strengthening the balance sheet (debt reduction), for strategic capital allocation and deployment through investments in the business (acquisitions and strategic investments), and for returning capital to the shareholders (dividends and share repurchases). The priorities for capital allocation and deployment will change as circumstances dictate for the business, and Free Cash Flow can be significantly impacted by the Company's restructuring activities and other unusual items.



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Debt Leverage Ratio. The Company uses the Debt Leverage Ratio as a metric to assess liquidity and the flexibility of its balance sheet. Consistent with other liquidity metrics, the Company monitors the Debt Leverage Ratio as a measure to determine the appropriate level of debt the Company believes is optimal to operate its business, and accordingly, to quantify debt capacity available for strategic capital allocation and deployment through investments in the business (capital expenditures, acquisitions and strategic investments), for strengthening the balance sheet (pension liability reduction), and for returning capital to the shareholders (dividends and share repurchases). The priorities for capital allocation and deployment will change as circumstances dictate for the business, and the Debt Leverage Ratio can be significantly impacted by the amount and timing of large expenditures requiring debt financing, as well as changes in profitability.

Overview of Trends Affecting Quad/Graphics

From a marketing services perspective, media channel proliferation continues, and consumers remain in control of where, when and how they buy their products and services. This trend has contributed to marketers' and publishers' need for solutions to efficiently and effectively coordinate and measure both digital and traditional channels.

From a printing industry perspective, competition remains highly fragmented and intense, and the Company believes that there are indicators of heightened competitive pressures. The industry has excess manufacturing capacity created by continued declines in industry volumes which, in turn, has created accelerated downward pricing pressures. In addition, digital delivery of documents and data, including the online distribution and hosting of media content and mobile technologies, offer alternatives to traditional delivery of printed documents. Increasing consumer acceptance of digital delivery of content has resulted in marketers and publishers allocating their marketing and advertising spend across the expanding selection of digital delivery options, which further reduces printing demand and contributes to industry overcapacity. The Company also faces competition from print management firms, which look to streamline processes and reduce the overall print spend of the Company's clients, as well as from strategic marketing firms focused on helping businesses integrate multiple channels into their marketing campaigns.

The Company believes that a disciplined approach for capital management and a strong balance sheet are critical to be able to invest in profitable growth opportunities and technological advances, thereby providing the highest return for shareholders. Management balances the use of cash between deleveraging the Company's balance sheet (through reduction in debt and pension obligations), compelling investment opportunities (through capital expenditures, acquisitions and strategic investments) and returns to shareholders (through share repurchases and a quarterly dividend of $0.30 per share).

The Company continues to remain disciplined with its debt leverage. The Company's consolidated debt and capital leases decreased by $77 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to cash provided by operating activities. Since the Company completed the World Color Press acquisition in July 2010, the Company has reduced debt and capital leases by $685 million and has reduced the obligations for pension, postretirement and MEPPs by $426 million, for a total obligation reduction since July of 2010 of $1.1 billion.

The Company makes continuous progress on integrating and streamlining all aspects of its business, thereby lowering its cost structure by consolidating its manufacturing platform into its most efficient facilities, as well as realizing purchasing, mailing and logistics efficiencies by centralizing and consolidating print manufacturing volumes and eliminating redundancies in its administrative and corporate operations. These efforts include the deployment of the Company's Smartools® systems to streamline workflows and improve data visibility across the consolidated platform, and cost reductions through Lean Manufacturing and Continuous Improvement initiatives, both on the production floor and with administrative support, in order to achieve improved efficiencies, reduce waste, lower overall operating costs, enhance quality and timeliness and create a safer work environment for the Company's employees. The Company continues to focus on proactively aligning its cost structure to the realities of the top-line pressures it faces in the printing industry through sustainable continuous improvement programs. Restructuring actions initiated by the Company beginning in 2010 have resulted in the announcement of 37 plant closures and have reduced headcount by approximately 11,700 employees through September 30, 2017.



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Integrated distribution with the postal service is an important component of the Company's business. Any material change in the current service levels provided by the postal service could impact the demand that clients have for print services. The United States Postal Service ("USPS") continues to experience financial problems. In 2006, the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act ("PAEA"), created the predictable postal price setting process we have today that is tied directly to the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers ("CPI-U"). PAEA requires the Postal Regulatory Commission ("PRC") to review the price setting process after ten years. The PRC initiated this review in December 2016. They are expected to announce their findings later this year and propose changes if they determine that the current process does not meet the requirements of the law. The Company has invested significantly in its mail preparation and distribution capabilities to mitigate the impact of increases in postage costs, and to help clients successfully navigate the ever-changing postal environment. Through its data analytics, unique software to merge mailstreams on a large scale, advanced finishing capabilities and technology, and in-house transportation and logistics operations, the Company manages the mail preparation and distribution of most of its clients' products to maximize efficiency, to enable on-time and consistent delivery and to partially reduce these costs; however, the net impact of increasing postal costs may create a decrease in client demand for print and mail products.

Another key aspect of the Company's modern manufacturing platform is the combination of its footprint of mega plants (facilities greater than 1.0 million square feet) that produce a number of different products under one roof; mega zones where multiple facilities in close geographic proximity are managed as one large facility; and smaller strategically located facilities. The Company has continued to evolve its platform, equipping facilities to be product line agnostic, which enables the Company to maximize equipment utilization. Quad/Graphics believes that the large plant size of certain of its key printing facilities allows the Company to drive savings in certain product lines (such as publications and catalogs) due to economies of scale and from investments in automation and technology.

When making capital investment decisions, management undertakes a thorough process aimed at driving the strongest contribution to long-term profitability, whether those are property, plant and equipment additions; organic growth opportunities; or acquisitions.

The Company is subject to seasonality in its quarterly results as net sales and operating income are higher in the third and fourth quarters of the calendar year as compared to the first and second quarters. The fourth quarter is typically the highest seasonal quarter for cash flows from operating activities and Free Cash Flow due to the reduction of working capital requirements that reach peak levels during the third quarter. Seasonality is driven by increased magazine advertising page counts, retail inserts, catalogs and books primarily due to back-to-school and holiday-related advertising and promotions. The Company expects this seasonality impact to continue in future years.




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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017, Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016

Summary Results

The Company's operating income, operating margin, net earnings (computed using a 40% normalized tax rate for all items subject to tax) and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2017, changed from the three months ended September 30, 2016, as follows (dollars in millions, except margin and per share data):

 
Operating
Income
 
Operating Margin
 
Net Earnings
 
Diluted Earnings Per Share
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
$
33.8

 
3.2
 %
 
$
11.3

 
$
0.22

2017 restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges(1)
(8.0
)
 
(0.8
)%
 
(4.8
)
 
(0.09
)
2016 restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges(2)
26.1

 
2.5
 %
 
15.7

 
0.31

Interest expense(3)
N/A

 
N/A

 
1.1

 
0.02

Income taxes(4)
N/A

 
N/A

 
(1.9
)
 
(0.04
)
Operating income(5)
(2.5
)
 
—
 %
 
(1.6
)
 
(0.04
)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
$
49.4

 
4.9
 %
 
$
19.8

 
$
0.38

______________________________
(1) 
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $8.0 million ($4.8 million, net of tax) incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2017, included the following:

a.
$7.3 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and announced separation programs;

b.
$0.3 million of impairment charges, including $0.2 million for land and building and $0.1 million for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations;

c.
$0.6 million of transaction-related charges, consisting of professional service fees for business acquisition and divestiture activities; and

d.
$0.2 million of other restructuring income, primarily related to a $1.2 million gain from the Company's Argentina Subsidiaries' settlements with vendors through bankruptcy proceedings, net of other costs to maintain and exit closed facilities, as well as lease exit charges.

The Company expects to incur additional restructuring and integration costs in future reporting periods in connection with eliminating excess manufacturing capacity and properly aligning its cost structure in conjunction with the Company's acquisitions and strategic investments, and other cost reduction programs.

(2) 
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $26.1 million ($15.7 million, net of tax) incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2016, included the following:

e.
$1.5 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs;

f.
$0.9 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations;

g.
$0.4 million of transaction-related charges, consisting of professional service fees for business acquisition and divestiture activities;

h.
$23.3 million of various other restructuring charges, including costs to maintain and exit closed facilities, as well as lease exit charges. Other restructuring charges includes an $11.2 million adjustment to the Company's MEPPs withdrawal liability and a $6.5 million non-cash pension settlement charge related to lump-sum pension payments.



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(3) 
Interest expense decreased $1.8 million ($1.1 million, net of tax) during the three months ended September 30, 2017, to $17.8 million. This change was due to lower average debt levels in the third quarter of 2017 as compared to the third quarter of 2016.

(4)The $1.9 million increase in income taxes as calculated in the following table is primarily due to a $1.1 million increase in state income tax expense and a $0.6 million increase in tax expense for losses in foreign jurisdictions where the Company does not receive a tax benefit:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
$ Change
Earnings before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
$
31.6

 
$
14.2

 
$
17.4

40% normalized tax rate
40.0
%
 
40.0
%
 
40.0
%
Income tax expense at 40% normalized tax rate
12.6

 
5.6

 
7.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense from the condensed consolidated statements of operations
11.8

 
2.9

 
8.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
Impact of income taxes
$
0.8

 
$
2.7

 
$
(1.9
)

(5) 
Operating income, excluding restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges, decreased $2.5 million ($1.6 million, net of tax) primarily due to lower print volume and pricing due to ongoing industry pressures, partially offset by savings from cost reduction initiatives and a $3.4 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense.

Operating Results

The following table sets forth certain information from the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations on an absolute dollar basis and as a relative percentage of total net sales for each noted period, together with the relative percentage change in such information between the periods set forth below:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Amount
 
% of
Sales
 
Amount
 
% of
Sales
 
$ Change
 
%
Change
Net sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
$
856.9

 
85.2
%
 
$
904.2

 
85.6
%
 
$
(47.3
)
 
(5.2
)%
Services
148.5

 
14.8
%
 
152.2

 
14.4
%
 
(3.7
)
 
(2.4
)%
Total net sales
1,005.4

 
100.0
%
 
1,056.4

 
100.0
%
 
(51.0
)
 
(4.8
)%
Cost of sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
679.1

 
67.6
%
 
719.1

 
68.1
%
 
(40.0
)
 
(5.6
)%
Services
105.7

 
10.5
%
 
105.8

 
10.0
%
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)%
Total cost of sales
784.8

 
78.1
%
 
824.9

 
78.1
%
 
(40.1
)
 
(4.9
)%
Selling, general & administrative expenses
104.9

 
10.4
%
 
109.9

 
10.4
%
 
(5.0
)
 
(4.5
)%
Depreciation and amortization
58.3

 
5.8
%
 
61.7

 
5.8
%
 
(3.4
)
 
(5.5
)%
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
8.0

 
0.8
%
 
26.1

 
2.5
%
 
(18.1
)
 
(69.3
)%
Total operating expenses
956.0

 
95.1
%
 
1,022.6

 
96.8
%
 
(66.6
)
 
(6.5
)%
Operating income
$
49.4

 
4.9
%
 
$
33.8

 
3.2
%
 
$
15.6

 
46.2
 %

Net Sales

Product sales decreased $47.3 million, or 5.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $35.5 million decrease in product sales in the Company's core print and specialty print product lines due to ongoing industry volume and pricing pressures and a $13.2 million decrease in pass-through paper sales, partially offset by $1.4 million in favorable foreign exchange impacts.



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Service sales, which primarily consist of imaging, logistics, distribution and medical services, decreased $3.7 million, or 2.4%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to $3.7 million in decreased logistics sales resulting from lower print shipment volume and a $2.2 million decrease in sales of premedia services, partially offset by a $2.2 million increase in QuadMed medical services.

Cost of Sales

Cost of product sales decreased $40.0 million, or 5.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to lower print and paper volume and cost reduction initiatives.

Cost of product sales as a percentage of total net sales decreased to 67.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 68.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the reasons provided above.

Cost of service sales decreased $0.1 million, or 0.1%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to lower shipment costs from lower print volume, partially offset by higher QuadMed medical service sales.

Cost of service sales as a percentage of total net sales increased to 10.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 10.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the reasons provided above.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $5.0 million, or 4.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $3.8 million decrease in employee-related expenses and savings from other cost reduction initiatives. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales remained the same at 10.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization decreased $3.4 million, or 5.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, due to a $3.3 million decrease in depreciation expense primarily related to property, plant and equipment becoming fully depreciated over the past year and a $0.1 million decrease in amortization expense.

Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges decreased $18.1 million, or 69.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $23.5 million decrease in other restructuring costs and a $0.6 million decrease in impairment charges, partially offset by a $5.8 million increase in employee termination charges and a $0.2 million increase in transaction-related charges.

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $8.0 million incurred in the three months ended September 30, 2017, included the following: (1) $7.3 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and announced separation programs; (2) $0.3 million of impairment charges, including $0.2 million for land and building and $0.1 million for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations; (3) $0.6 million of transaction-related charges, consisting of professional service fees for business acquisition and divestiture activities; and (4) $0.2 million of other restructuring income, primarily related to a $1.2 million gain from the Company's Argentina Subsidiaries' settlements with vendors through bankruptcy proceedings, net of other costs to maintain and exit closed facilities, as well as lease exit charges.



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Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $26.1 million incurred in the three months ended September 30, 2016, included the following: (1) $1.5 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs; (2) $0.9 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations; (3) $0.4 million of transaction-related charges, consisting of professional service fees for business acquisition and divestiture activities; and (4) $23.3 million of various other restructuring charges, including an $11.2 million adjustment to the Company's MEPPs withdrawal liability and a $6.5 million non-cash pension settlement charge related to lump-sum pension payments, as well as other costs to maintain and exit closed facilities.

EBITDA and EBITDA Margin—Consolidated

EBITDA and EBITDA margin for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, were as follows:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
Amount
 
% of Net Sales
 
Amount
 
% of Net Sales
 
(dollars in millions)
EBITDA and EBITDA margin
$
107.7

 
10.7
%
 
$
95.5

 
9.0
%

EBITDA increased $12.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to $18.1 million of decreased restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges and savings from cost reduction initiatives, partially offset by lower print volume and pricing due to ongoing industry pressures.

EBITDA is defined as net earnings (loss) excluding (1) interest expense, (2) income tax expense (benefit) and (3) depreciation and amortization. EBITDA margin represents EBITDA as a percentage of net sales. EBITDA and EBITDA margin are presented to provide additional information regarding Quad/Graphics' performance. Both are important measures by which Quad/Graphics gauges the profitability and assesses the performance of its business. EBITDA and EBITDA margin are not measures of financial performance in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA and EBITDA margin should not be considered alternatives to net earnings (loss) as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Quad/Graphics' calculation of EBITDA and EBITDA margin may be different from the calculations used by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. A reconciliation of EBITDA to net earnings for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, was as follows:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(dollars in millions)
Net earnings (1)
$
19.8

 
$
11.3

Interest expense
17.8

 
19.6

Income tax expense
11.8

 
2.9

Depreciation and amortization
58.3

 
61.7

EBITDA
$
107.7

 
$
95.5

______________________________
(1) 
Net earnings included the following:

a.
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $8.0 million and $26.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.



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United States Print and Related Services

The following table summarizes net sales, operating income, operating margin and certain items impacting comparability within the United States Print and Related Services segment:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Amount
 
Amount
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Net sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
$
762.5

 
$
808.6

 
$
(46.1
)
 
(5.7
)%
Services
143.8

 
147.9

 
(4.1
)
 
(2.8
)%
Operating income (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges)
53.4

 
58.6

 
(5.2
)
 
(8.9
)%
Operating margin
5.9
%
 
6.1
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
$
7.8

 
$
8.8

 
$
(1.0
)
 
(11.4
)%

Net Sales

Product sales for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $46.1 million, or 5.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $36.1 million decrease in product sales in the Company's core print and specialty print product lines (predominantly due to ongoing industry volume and pricing pressures from excess capacity in the printing industry) and a $10.0 million decrease in pass-through paper sales.

Service sales for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $4.1 million, or 2.8%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $4.1 million in decreased logistics sales resulting from lower print shipment volume and a $2.2 million decrease in sales of premedia services, partially offset by a $2.2 million increase in QuadMed medical services.

Operating Income

Operating income for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $5.2 million, or 8.9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to lower print volume and pricing due to ongoing industry pressures, partially offset by savings from cost reduction initiatives.

Operating margin for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased to 5.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2017, from 6.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the reasons provided above.

Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the United States Print and Related Services segment for the three months ended September 30, 2017, were $7.8 million, consisting of the following: (1) $5.1 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and announced separation programs; (2) $0.3 million of impairment charges, including $0.2 million for land and building and $0.1 million for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations; and (3) $2.4 million of various other restructuring charges to maintain and exit closed facilities.

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the United States Print and Related Services segment for the three months ended September 30, 2016, were $8.8 million, consisting of the following: (1) $1.2 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs; (2) $0.5 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations; and (3) $7.1 million of various other restructuring charges to maintain and exit closed facilities.


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International

The following table summarizes net sales, operating income, operating margin, certain items impacting comparability and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity within the International segment:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Amount
 
Amount
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Net sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
$
94.4

 
$
95.6

 
$
(1.2
)
 
(1.3
)%
Services
4.7

 
4.3

 
0.4

 
9.3
 %
Operating income (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges)
7.2

 
5.5

 
1.7

 
30.9
 %
Operating margin
7.3
%
 
5.5
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges (income)
$
(1.0
)
 
$
(1.3
)
 
$
0.3

 
(23.1
)%
Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
—

 
—

 
—

 
—
 %

Net Sales

Product sales for the International segment decreased $1.2 million, or 1.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $3.2 million decrease in pass-through paper sales, partially offset by $1.4 million in favorable foreign exchange impacts, primarily in Europe, and a $0.6 million increase in volume and pricing, primarily in Mexico and Europe.

Service sales for the International segment increased $0.4 million, or 9.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an increase in logistics sales in Europe.

Operating Income

Operating income for the International segment increased $1.7 million, or 30.9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $1.6 million increase in operating income in Europe, Mexico and Argentina.

Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges (Income)

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges (income) for the International segment for the three months ended September 30, 2017, were $(1.0) million, consisting of $1.9 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs and $(2.9) million of various other restructuring income primarily related to the Company's Argentina Subsidiaries' gain from settlements with vendors through bankruptcy proceedings, partially offset by charges to maintain and exit closed facilities.

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges (income) for the International segment for the three months ended September 30, 2016, were $(1.3) million, consisting of the following: (1) $0.1 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs; (2) $0.4 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations; and (3) $(1.8) million of various other restructuring income related to gains on the sale of the Queretaro, Mexico building and equipment, partially offset by charges to maintain and exit closed facilities.



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Equity in Loss of Unconsolidated Entity

Investments in entities where Quad/Graphics has the ability to exert significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The Company holds a 49% ownership interest in Plural, a commercial printer based in São Paulo, Brazil. The equity in loss of unconsolidated entity from the Company's investment in Plural in the International segment was less than $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and the three months ended September 30, 2016.

Unrestricted Subsidiaries

Unrestricted subsidiaries as defined in the Senior Unsecured Notes indenture represented less than 2.0% of total consolidated net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Corporate

The following table summarizes unallocated operating expenses presented as Corporate:

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Amount
 
Amount
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Operating expenses (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges)
$
11.2

 
$
30.3

 
$
(19.1
)
 
(63.0
)%
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
1.2

 
18.6

 
(17.4
)
 
(93.5
)%

Operating Expenses

Corporate operating expenses decreased $19.1 million, or 63.0%, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $17.4 million decrease in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges and a $1.8 million decrease in incentive compensation expense.

Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges

Corporate restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the three months ended September 30, 2017, were $1.2 million, consisting of the following: (1) $0.3 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through announced separation programs; (2) $0.6 million of transaction-related charges, consisting of professional service fees for business acquisition and divestiture activities; and (3) $0.3 million of other restructuring charges.

Corporate restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the three months ended September 30, 2016, were $18.6 million, consisting of the following: (1) $0.2 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through involuntary separation programs; (2) $0.4 million of transaction-related charges, consisting of professional service fees for business acquisition and divestiture activities; and (3) $18.0 million of other restructuring charges, including an $11.2 million adjustment to the Company's MEPPs withdrawal liability and a $6.5 million non-cash pension settlement charge related to lump-sum pension payments.



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Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017, Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

Summary Results

The Company's operating income, operating margin, net earnings (computed using a 40% normalized tax rate for all items subject to tax) and diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, changed from the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as follows (dollars in millions, except margin and per share data):

 
Operating
Income
 
Operating Margin
 
Net Earnings
 
Diluted Earnings Per Share
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016
$
60.1

 
1.9
 %
 
$
7.4

 
$
0.15

2017 restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges (1)
(22.5
)
 
(0.8
)%
 
(13.5
)
 
(0.26
)
2016 restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges (2)
62.4

 
2.0
 %
 
37.4

 
0.76

Interest expense (3)
N/A

 
N/A

 
3.2

 
0.06

2017 loss on debt extinguishment (4)
N/A

 
N/A

 
(1.6
)
 
(0.03
)
2016 gain on debt extinguishment (5)
N/A

 
N/A

 
(8.5
)
 
(0.17
)
Income taxes (6)
N/A

 
N/A

 
4.5

 
0.09

Investment in unconsolidated entity, net of tax (7)
N/A

 
N/A

 
1.5

 
0.03

Operating income (8)
35.7

 
1.5
 %
 
21.5

 
0.38

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017
$
135.7

 
4.6
 %
 
$
51.9

 
$
1.01

______________________________
(1) 
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $22.5 million ($13.5 million, net of tax) incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, included the following:

a.
$13.2 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and announced separation programs;

b.
$1.0 million of impairment charges, including $0.2 million of impairment charges for land and building and $0.8 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities;

c.
$1.8 million of transaction-related charges, consisting of professional service fees for business acquisition and divestiture activities; and

d.
$6.5 million of various other restructuring charges, including costs to maintain and exit closed facilities, as well as lease exit charges, net of a $7.1 million gain from the sale of the Atglen, Pennsylvania; Dickson, Tennessee; East Greenville, Pennsylvania; Lenexa, Kansas; and Marengo, Iowa plants, and a $1.2 million gain from the Company's Argentina Subsidiaries' settlements with vendors through bankruptcy proceedings.

The Company expects to incur additional restructuring and integration costs in future reporting periods in connection with eliminating excess manufacturing capacity and properly aligning its cost structure in conjunction with the Company's acquisitions and strategic investments, and other cost reduction programs.

(2) 
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $62.4 million ($37.4 million, net of tax) incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, included the following:

a.
$8.1 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs;

b.
$17.7 million of impairment charges, including $12.1 million of impairment charges for land and building related to the Atglen, Pennsylvania plant closure and $5.6 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, including Atglen, Pennsylvania; Augusta, Georgia; East Greenville, Pennsylvania; and Queretaro, Mexico, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities;



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c.
$1.9 million of transaction-related charges consisting of professional service fees for business acquisition and divestiture activities;

d.
$0.1 million of acquisition-related integration costs; and

e.
$34.6 million of various other restructuring charges, including costs to maintain and exit closed facilities, as well as lease exit charges. Other restructuring charges includes an $11.2 million adjustment to the Company's MEPPs withdrawal liability and a $6.5 million non-cash pension settlement charge related to lump-sum pension payments.

(3) 
Interest expense decreased $5.3 million ($3.2 million, net of tax) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, to $53.6 million. This change was due to lower average debt levels in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

(4) 
A $2.6 million loss on debt extinguishment ($1.6 million, net of tax) was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, from the refinancing of the Senior Secured Credit Facility, completed on February 10, 2017.

(5) 
A $14.1 million gain on debt extinguishment ($8.5 million, net of tax) was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily from the repurchase of $56.5 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Unsecured Notes.

(6) 
The $4.5 million decrease in income taxes as calculated in the following table is primarily due to a $2.5 million tax benefit on 2017 equity award activity and a $2.1 million reduction in 2017 in the Company's liability for unrecognized tax benefits and related interest expense:
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
$ Change
Earnings before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
$
79.5

 
$
15.3

 
$
64.2

40% normalized tax rate
40.0
%
 
40.0
%
 
40.0
%
Income tax expense at 40% normalized tax rate
31.8

 
6.1

 
25.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense from the condensed consolidated statements of operations
26.8

 
5.6

 
21.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
Impact of income taxes
$
5.0

 
$
0.5

 
$
4.5


(7) 
The decrease in net loss attributable to investment in unconsolidated entity, net of tax, of $1.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was related to a decrease in losses at the Company's investment in Plural, the Company's Brazilian joint venture.

(8) 
Operating income, excluding restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges, increased $35.7 million ($21.5 million, net of tax) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to the following: (1) a $41.9 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense; (2) a $19.4 million vacation reserve reduction from an employee vacation policy change; (3) $6.3 million in lower legal expenses; (4) a $5.0 million gain from a property insurance claim; and (5) savings from cost reduction initiatives, including employee-related costs. These impacts were partially offset by lower print volume and pricing due to ongoing industry pressures and a $10.4 million benefit in 2016 that did not repeat in 2017 related to the collection of a previously written-off vendor receivable.



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Operating Results

The following table sets forth certain information from the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations on an absolute dollar basis and as a relative percentage of total net sales for each noted period, together with the relative percentage change in such information between the periods set forth below:

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Amount
 
% of
Sales
 
Amount
 
% of
Sales
 
$ Change
 
%
Change
Net sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
$
2,530.6

 
85.3
%
 
$
2,688.9

 
85.9
%
 
$
(158.3
)
 
(5.9
)%
Services
436.6

 
14.7
%
 
442.3

 
14.1
%
 
(5.7
)
 
(1.3
)%
Total net sales
2,967.2

 
100.0
%
 
3,131.2

 
100.0
%
 
(164.0
)
 
(5.2
)%
Cost of sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
2,024.9

 
68.2
%
 
2,144.2

 
68.5
%
 
(119.3
)
 
(5.6
)%
Services
306.0

 
10.3
%
 
305.2

 
9.7
%
 
0.8

 
0.3
 %
Total cost of sales
2,330.9

 
78.5
%
 
2,449.4

 
78.2
%
 
(118.5
)
 
(4.8
)%
Selling, general & administrative expenses
302.6

 
10.2
%
 
341.9

 
10.9
%
 
(39.3
)
 
(11.5
)%
Depreciation and amortization
175.5

 
5.9
%
 
217.4

 
7.0
%
 
(41.9
)
 
(19.3
)%
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
22.5

 
0.8
%
 
62.4

 
2.0
%
 
(39.9
)
 
(63.9
)%
Total operating expenses
2,831.5

 
95.4
%
 
3,071.1

 
98.1
%
 
(239.6
)
 
(7.8
)%
Operating income
$
135.7

 
4.6
%
 
$
60.1

 
1.9
%
 
$
75.6

 
125.8
 %

Net Sales

Product sales decreased $158.3 million, or 5.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the following: (1) a $111.6 million decrease in product sales in the Company's core print and specialty print product lines due to ongoing industry volume and pricing pressures; (2) a $43.5 million decrease from pass-through paper sales; and (3) $3.2 million in negative foreign exchange impacts.

Service sales, which primarily consist of imaging, logistics, distribution and medical services, decreased $5.7 million, or 1.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $7.5 million decrease in logistics sales resulting from lower print shipment volume and a $1.2 million decrease in sales of premedia services, partially offset by a $3.0 million increase in QuadMed medical services.

Cost of Sales

Cost of product sales decreased $119.3 million, or 5.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the following: (1) lower print and paper volume; (2) an $8.5 million vacation reserve reduction from an employee vacation policy change; and (3) cost reduction initiatives. These reductions were partially offset by a $10.4 million benefit in 2016 that did not repeat in 2017 related to the collection of a previously written-off vendor receivable.

Cost of product sales as a percentage of total net sales decreased to 68.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 68.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the reasons provided above.

Cost of service sales increased $0.8 million, or 0.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to higher QuadMed medical service sales, partially offset by lower shipment cost from lower print volume.



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Cost of service sales as a percentage of total net sales increased to 10.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, from 9.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the reasons provided above.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $39.3 million, or 11.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the following: (1) a $10.9 million vacation reserve reduction from an employee vacation policy change; (2) a $6.3 million decrease in legal expenses; (3) a $5.0 million gain from a property insurance claim; and (4) savings from cost reduction initiatives, including employee-related costs. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales decreased from 10.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, to 10.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to the reasons stated above.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization decreased $41.9 million, or 19.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, due to a $32.4 million decrease in amortization expense primarily related to customer relationship intangibles becoming fully amortized in the second quarter of 2016 and a $9.5 million decrease in depreciation expense from property, plant and equipment becoming fully depreciated over the past year.

Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges decreased $39.9 million, or 63.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the following: (1) a $28.1 million decrease in other restructuring costs; (2) a $16.7 million decrease in impairment charges; (3) a $0.1 million decrease in transaction-related charges; and (4) a $0.1 million decrease in acquisition-related integration costs. The decrease was partially offset by a $5.1 million increase in employee termination charges.

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $22.5 million incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, included the following: (1) $13.2 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and announced separation programs; (2) $1.0 million of impairment charges, including $0.2 million of impairment charges for land and building and $0.8 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities; (3) $1.8 million of transaction-related charges, consisting of professional service fees related to business acquisition and divestiture activities; and (4) $6.5 million of various other restructuring charges, including costs to maintain and exit closed facilities, as well as lease exit charges, net of a $7.1 million gain from the sale of the Atglen, Pennsylvania; Dickson, Tennessee; East Greenville, Pennsylvania; Lenexa, Kansas; and Marengo, Iowa plants, and a $1.2 million gain from the Company's Argentina Subsidiaries' settlements with vendors through bankruptcy proceedings.

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $62.4 million incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, included the following: (1) $8.1 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs; (2) $17.7 million of impairment charges, including $12.1 million of impairment charges for land and building related to the Atglen, Pennsylvania plant closure and $5.6 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, including Atglen, Pennsylvania; Augusta, Georgia; East Greenville, Pennsylvania; and Queretaro, Mexico, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities; (3) $1.9 million of transaction-related charges, consisting of professional service fees related to business acquisition and divestiture activities; (4) $0.1 million of acquisition-related integration costs; and (5) $34.6 million of various other restructuring charges, including an $11.2 million adjustment to the Company's MEPPs withdrawal liability and a $6.5 million non-cash pension settlement charge related to lump-sum pension payments, as well as other costs to maintain and exit closed facilities.



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EBITDA and EBITDA Margin—Consolidated

EBITDA and EBITDA margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, were as follows:

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
Amount
 
% of Net Sales
 
Amount
 
% of Net Sales
 
(dollars in millions)
EBITDA and EBITDA margin
$
307.8

 
10.4
%
 
$
289.3

 
9.2
%

EBITDA increased $18.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the following: (1) $39.9 million of decreased restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges; (2) a $19.4 million vacation reserve reduction from an employee vacation policy change; (3) $6.3 million in lower legal expenses; (4) a $5.0 million gain from a property insurance claim; and (5) savings from cost reduction initiatives, including employee-related costs. These impacts were partially offset by lower print volume and pricing due to ongoing industry pressures and a $10.4 million benefit in 2016 that did not repeat in 2017 related to the collection of a previously written-off vendor receivable.

EBITDA is defined as net earnings (loss) excluding (1) interest expense, (2) income tax expense (benefit) and (3) depreciation and amortization. EBITDA margin represents EBITDA as a percentage of net sales. EBITDA and EBITDA margin are presented to provide additional information regarding Quad/Graphics' performance. Both are important measures by which Quad/Graphics gauges the profitability and assesses the performance of its business. EBITDA and EBITDA margin are not measures of financial performance in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA and EBITDA margin should not be considered alternatives to net earnings (loss) as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Quad/Graphics' calculation of EBITDA and EBITDA margin may be different from the calculations used by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. A reconciliation of EBITDA to net earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, was as follows:

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(dollars in millions)
Net earnings (1)
$
51.9

 
$
7.4

Interest expense
53.6

 
58.9

Income tax expense
26.8

 
5.6

Depreciation and amortization
175.5

 
217.4

EBITDA
$
307.8

 
$
289.3

______________________________
(1) 
Net earnings included the following:

a.
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $22.5 million and $62.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively;

b.
Loss on debt extinguishment of $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017;

c.
Gain on debt extinguishment of $14.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016; and

d.
Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity of $0.8 million and $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.



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Table of Contents

United States Print and Related Services

The following table summarizes net sales, operating income, operating margin and certain items impacting comparability within the United States Print and Related Services segment:

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Amount
 
Amount
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Net sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
$
2,258.7

 
$
2,405.1

 
$
(146.4
)
 
(6.1
)%
Services
422.1

 
428.8

 
(6.7
)
 
(1.6
)%
Operating income (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges)
156.6

 
114.6

 
42.0

 
36.6
 %
Operating margin
5.8
%
 
4.0
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
$
17.7

 
$
40.4

 
$
(22.7
)
 
(56.2
)%

Net Sales

Product sales for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $146.4 million, or 6.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $109.1 million decrease in product sales in the Company's core print and specialty print product lines (predominantly due to ongoing volume and pricing pressures from excess capacity in the printing industry) and a $37.3 million decrease in pass-through paper sales.

Service sales for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $6.7 million, or 1.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an $8.5 million decrease in logistic sales resulting from lower print shipment volume and a $1.2 million decrease in sales of premedia services, partially offset by a $3.0 million increase in QuadMed medical services.

Operating Income

Operating income for the United States Print and Related Services segment increased $42.0 million, 36.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the following: (1) a $38.6 million decrease in depreciation and amortization; (2) a $22.7 million decrease in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges; (3) a $19.4 million vacation reserve reduction due to an employee vacation policy change; (4) a $5.0 million gain from a property insurance claim; and (5) savings from cost reduction initiatives, including employee-related costs. These impacts were partially offset by lower print volume and pricing and a $10.4 million benefit in 2016 that did not repeat in 2017 related to the collection of a previously written-off vendor receivable.

Operating margin for the United States Print and Related Services segment increased to 5.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 4.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the reasons provided above.

Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the United States Print and Related Services segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were $17.7 million, consisting of the following: (1) $8.8 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and announced separation programs; (2) $0.8 million of impairment charges, including $0.2 million of impairment charges for land and building and $0.6 million for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities; and (3) $8.1 million of various other restructuring charges to maintain and exit closed facilities, net of a $7.1 million gain from the sale of the Atglen, Pennsylvania; Dickson, Tennessee; East Greenville, Pennsylvania; Lenexa, Kansas; and Marengo, Iowa plants.


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Table of Contents


Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the United States Print and Related Services segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, were $40.4 million, consisting of the following: (1) $6.1 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs; (2) $17.3 million of impairment charges, including $12.1 million of land and building impairment related to the Atglen, Pennsylvania plant closure and $5.2 million for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, including Atglen, Pennsylvania; Augusta, Georgia; and East Greenville, Pennsylvania, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities; (3) $0.1 million of acquisition-related integration costs; and (4) $16.9 million of various other restructuring charges to maintain and exit closed facilities.

International

The following table summarizes net sales, operating income, operating margin, certain items impacting comparability and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity within the International segment:

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Amount
 
Amount
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Net sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
$
271.9

 
$
283.8

 
$
(11.9
)
 
(4.2
)%
Services
14.5

 
13.5

 
1.0

 
7.4
 %
Operating income (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges)
15.3

 
7.5

 
7.8

 
104.0
 %
Operating margin
5.3
%
 
2.5
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
$
1.8

 
$
0.7

 
$
1.1

 
157.1
 %
Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity
0.8

 
2.3

 
(1.5
)
 
(65.2
)%

Net Sales

Product sales for the International segment decreased $11.9 million, or 4.2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to the following: (1) a $6.2 million decrease in pass-through paper sales; (2) $3.2 million in negative foreign exchange impacts, primarily in Argentina and Mexico; and (3) a $2.5 million decrease in volume and pricing, primarily in Peru.

Service sales for the International segment increased $1.0 million, or 7.4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an increase in logistics revenue in Europe.

Operating Income

Operating income for the International segment increased $7.8 million, or 104.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, due to a $5.6 million increase in operating income, primarily in Europe and Mexico, and a $3.3 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense, partially offset by a $1.1 million increase in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges.

Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the International segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were $1.8 million, consisting of the following: (1) $4.0 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs; (2) $0.2 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations; and (3) $(2.4) million of various other restructuring income primarily related to the Company's Argentina Subsidiaries' gain from settlements with vendors through bankruptcy proceedings, partially offset by charges to maintain and exit closed facilities.


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Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the International segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, were $0.7 million, consisting of the following: (1) $1.1 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs; (2) $0.4 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations in Queretaro, Mexico; (3) $0.1 million of transaction-related charges; and (4) $(0.9) million of various other restructuring income related to gains on the sale of the Queretaro, Mexico building and equipment, partially offset by charges to maintain and exit closed facilities.

Equity in Loss of Unconsolidated Entity

Investments in entities where Quad/Graphics has the ability to exert significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The Company holds a 49% ownership interest in Plural, a commercial printer based in São Paulo, Brazil. The equity in loss of unconsolidated entity in the International segment decreased $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a decrease in losses from the Company's investment in Plural.

Unrestricted Subsidiaries

Unrestricted subsidiaries as defined in the Senior Unsecured Notes indenture represented less than 2.0% of total consolidated net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Corporate

The following table summarizes unallocated operating expenses presented as Corporate:

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Amount
 
Amount
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Operating expenses (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges)
$
36.2

 
$
62.0

 
$
(25.8
)
 
(41.6
)%
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
3.0

 
21.3

 
(18.3
)
 
(85.9
)%

Operating Expenses

Corporate operating expenses decreased $25.8 million, or 41.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an $18.3 million decrease in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges, a $6.0 million decrease in legal expenses and a $3.3 million decrease in incentive compensation expense.

Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges

Corporate restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were $3.0 million, consisting of the following: (1) $0.4 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through announced separation programs; (2) $1.8 million of transaction-related charges which primarily included professional service fees; and (3) $0.8 million of other restructuring charges.

Corporate restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, were $21.3 million, consisting of the following: (1) $0.9 million of employee termination charges related to workforce reductions through involuntary separation programs; (2) $1.8 million of transaction-related charges which primarily included professional service fees; and (3) $18.6 million of other restructuring charges, including an $11.2 million adjustment to the Company's MEPPs withdrawal liability and a $6.5 million non-cash pension settlement charge related to lump-sum pension payments.



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Table of Contents

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company utilizes cash flows from operating activities and borrowings under its credit facilities to satisfy its liquidity and capital requirements. The Company has $686.1 million of unused capacity under its revolving credit arrangement at September 30, 2017, which is net of $38.9 million of issued letters of credit. The Company believes its expected future cash flows from operating activities and $686.1 million of unused capacity under the revolving credit arrangement provide sufficient resources to fund ongoing operating requirements and the integration and restructuring requirements related to acquired operations, as well as future capital expenditures, debt and pension service requirements, investments in future growth to create value for its shareholders, shareholder dividends and share repurchases. There were no borrowings under the $725.0 million revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2017, and peak borrowings were $50.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017, Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

Net cash provided by operating activities was $179.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $260.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, resulting in an $80.3 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities. The decrease was due to an $88.4 million decrease in cash flows from changes in operating assets and liabilities, primarily due to a $72.8 million impact from the reduction in employee-related liabilities and a $26.9 million reduction in the benefit from the Company's controllable working capital program (predominantly receivables, inventories and accounts payable), partially offset by a $24.7 million reduction in cash payments for restructuring charges.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017, Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

Net cash used in investing activities was $30.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $56.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, resulting in a $25.6 million decrease in cash used in investing activities. The decrease was primarily due to the following: (1) an $11.5 million increase in proceeds from the sale of property, plant, and equipment; (2) a $9.9 million decrease in cost method investments; and (3) an $8.1 million increase in transfers from restricted cash. These decreases were partially offset by a $3.9 million increase in purchases of property, plant and equipment.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017, Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

Net cash used in financing activities was $142.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $202.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, resulting in a $60.4 million decrease in cash used in financing activities. The decrease was primarily due to a $91.2 million decrease in net repayments of debt and lease obligations in 2017 as compared to 2016 and a $5.0 million decrease in treasury stock purchases. These decreases were partially offset by the following: (1) $20.4 million of decreased sales of stock for options exercised; (2) $4.6 million of increased payments of debt issuance costs and financing fees; (3) $4.5 million of increased equity awards redeemed to pay employees' tax obligations; and (4) $3.8 million of increased bankruptcy claim payments.

Free Cash Flow

Free Cash Flow is defined as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property, plant and equipment.

The Company's management assesses Free Cash Flow as a measure to quantify cash available for (1) strengthening the balance sheet (debt reduction), (2) strategic capital allocation and deployment through investments in the business (acquisitions and strategic investments) and (3) returning capital to the shareholders (dividends and share repurchases). The priorities for capital allocation and deployment will change as circumstances dictate for the business, and Free Cash Flow can be significantly impacted by the Company's restructuring activities and other unusual items.



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Table of Contents

Free Cash Flow is a non-GAAP measure. Free Cash Flow should not be considered an alternative to cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Quad/Graphics' calculation of Free Cash Flow may be different from similar calculations used by other companies, and therefore, comparability may be limited.

Free Cash Flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, was as follows:

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(dollars in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
179.7

 
$
260.0

Less: purchases of property, plant and equipment
(61.6
)
 
(57.7
)
Free Cash Flow
$
118.1

 
$
202.3


Free Cash Flow decreased $84.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, due to an $80.3 million decrease in net cash provided by operating activities and a $3.9 million increase in capital expenditures. See the "Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities" section above for further explanations of the change in operating cash flows.

Debt Leverage Ratio

The Debt Leverage Ratio is defined as total debt and capital lease obligations divided by the sum of the following: (1) the last twelve months of EBITDA (see the definition of EBITDA and the reconciliation of net earnings to EBITDA in the "Results of Operations" section above); (2) restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges; (3) loss (gain) on debt extinguishment; and (4) equity in loss (gain) of unconsolidated entity.

The Company uses the Debt Leverage Ratio as a metric to assess liquidity and the flexibility of its balance sheet. Consistent with other liquidity metrics, the Company monitors the Debt Leverage Ratio as a measure to determine the appropriate level of debt the Company believes is optimal to operate its business, and accordingly, to quantify debt capacity available for strategic capital allocation and deployment through investments in the business (capital expenditures, acquisitions and strategic investments), for strengthening the balance sheet (pension liability reduction), and for returning capital to the shareholders (dividends and share repurchases). The priorities for capital allocation and deployment will change as circumstances dictate for the business, and the Debt Leverage Ratio can be significantly impacted by the amount and timing of large expenditures requiring debt financing, as well as changes in profitability.

The Debt Leverage Ratio is a non-GAAP measure, and should not be considered an alternative to cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Quad/Graphics' calculation of the Debt Leverage Ratio may be different from similar calculations used by other companies and, therefore, comparability may be limited.

The Debt Leverage Ratio calculated below differs from both the total leverage ratio and senior secured leverage ratio included in the Company's debt covenant calculations (see Note 9, "Debt," to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1, "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)," of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on debt covenants). The total leverage ratio included in the Company's debt covenants includes letters of credit as debt, excludes non-cash stock-based compensation expense from EBITDA and includes the equity in loss of unconsolidated entity in EBITDA. Similarly, the senior secured leverage ratio included in the Company's debt covenants includes and excludes the same adjustments as the total leverage ratio, in addition to the exclusion of the outstanding balance of the Senior Unsecured Notes.



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The Debt Leverage Ratio at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, was as follows:

 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
 
(dollars in millions)
Total debt and capital lease obligations on the condensed consolidated balance sheets
$
1,054.2

 
$
1,130.8

 
 
 
 
Divided by: EBITDA as adjusted for purposes of calculating the Debt Leverage Ratio
$
473.9

 
$
480.1

 
 
 
 
Debt Leverage Ratio
2.22
x
 
2.36
x

The calculation of EBITDA as adjusted for purposes of calculating the Debt Leverage Ratio for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, was as follows:

 
 
 
Add
 
Subtract
 
Trailing Twelve
Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
December 31, 2016 (1)
 
September 30,
2017
 
September 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2017
Net earnings
$
44.9

 
$
51.9

 
$
7.4

 
$
89.4

Interest expense
77.2

 
53.6

 
58.9

 
71.9

Income tax expense
13.0

 
26.8

 
5.6

 
34.2

Depreciation and amortization
277.1

 
175.5

 
217.4

 
235.2

EBITDA
$
412.2

 
$
307.8

 
$
289.3

 
$
430.7

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges
80.6

 
22.5

 
62.4

 
40.7

Loss (gain) on debt extinguishment
(14.1
)
 
2.6

 
(14.1
)
 
2.6

Equity in loss (gain) of unconsolidated entity
1.4

 
0.8

 
2.3

 
(0.1
)
EBITDA as adjusted for purposes of calculating the Debt Leverage Ratio
$
480.1

 
$
333.7

 
$
339.9

 
$
473.9

______________________________
(1) 
Financial information for the year ended December 31, 2016, is included as reported in the Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2017.

The Debt Leverage Ratio decreased 0.14x at September 30, 2017, compared to December 31, 2016, primarily due to a $76.6 million decrease in debt and capital lease obligations. The Debt Leverage Ratio at September 30, 2017, of 2.22x is within management's desired target Debt Leverage Ratio range of 2.0x to 2.5x; however, the Company operates at times above the Debt Leverage Ratio target range depending on the timing of compelling strategic investment opportunities and seasonal working capital needs.

Debt Obligations

The Company completed the second amendment to its Senior Secured Credit Facility on February 10, 2017. This second amendment was completed to reduce the size of the revolving credit facility and Term Loan A and to extend the Company's debt maturity profile while maintaining the Company's current cost of borrowing and covenant structure.

The revolving credit facility was lowered to a maximum borrowing amount of $725.0 million with a term of just under four years, maturing on January 4, 2021. The Term Loan A was lowered to an aggregate amount of $375.0 million with a term of just under four years, maturing on January 4, 2021, subject to certain required amortization. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility and Term Loan A loans made under the Senior Secured Credit Facility will initially bear interest at 2.00% in excess of reserve adjusted LIBOR, or 1.00% in excess of an alternate base rate. This amendment to the Senior Secured Credit Facility does not have an impact on the quarterly financial covenant requirements the Company is subject to.



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The Senior Secured Credit Facility remains secured by substantially all of the unencumbered assets of the Company. The Senior Secured Credit Facility also requires the Company to provide additional collateral to the lenders in certain limited circumstances. See Note 9, "Debt," to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1, "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)," of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

As of September 30, 2017, the Company utilized a combination of debt instruments to fund cash requirements, including the following:

•
Senior Secured Credit Facility:

◦
$725.0 million revolving credit facility (no outstanding balance as of September 30, 2017);

◦
$375.0 million Term Loan A ($360.9 million outstanding as of September 30, 2017); and

◦
$300.0 million Term Loan B ($288.7 million outstanding as of September 30, 2017);

•
Senior Unsecured Notes ($243.5 million outstanding as of September 30, 2017); and

•
Master Note and Security Agreement ($128.7 million outstanding as of September 30, 2017).

Covenants and Compliance

The Company's various lending arrangements include certain financial covenants (all financial terms, numbers and ratios are as defined in the Company's debt agreements). Among these covenants, the Company was required to maintain the following as of September 30, 2017:

•
Total Leverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the total leverage ratio, defined as total consolidated debt to consolidated EBITDA, shall not exceed 3.75 to 1.00 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2017, the Company's total leverage ratio was 2.18 to 1.00).

•
Senior Secured Leverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the senior secured leverage ratio, defined as senior secured debt to consolidated EBITDA, shall not exceed 3.50 to 1.00 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2017, the Company's senior secured leverage ratio was 1.68 to 1.00).

•
Minimum Interest Coverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the minimum interest coverage ratio, defined as consolidated EBITDA to consolidated cash interest expense, shall not be less than 3.50 to 1.00 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2017, the Company's minimum interest coverage ratio was 7.19 to 1.00).

The indenture underlying the Senior Unsecured Notes contains various covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, limit the Company's and its restricted subsidiaries' ability to incur and/or guarantee additional debt; pay dividends, repurchase stock or make certain other restricted payments; enter into agreements limiting dividends and certain other restricted payments; prepay, redeem or repurchase subordinated debt; grant liens on assets; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, transfer or dispose of substantially all of the Company's consolidated assets; sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of property and assets; and engage in transactions with affiliates.

The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants in its debt agreements as of September 30, 2017. While the Company currently expects to be in compliance in future periods with all of the financial covenants, there can be no assurance that these covenants will continue to be met. The Company's failure to maintain compliance with the covenants could prevent the Company from borrowing additional amounts and could result in a default under any of the debt agreements. Such default could cause the outstanding indebtedness to become immediately due and payable, by virtue of cross-acceleration or cross-default provisions.



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In addition to those covenants, the Senior Secured Credit Facility also includes certain limitations on acquisitions, indebtedness, liens, dividends and repurchases of capital stock, including the following:

•
If the Company's total leverage ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00 (as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility), the Company is prohibited from making greater than $120.0 million of annual dividend payments, capital stock repurchases and certain other payments. If the total leverage ratio is less than 3.00 to 1.00, there are no such restrictions.

•
If the Company's senior secured leverage ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00 or the Company's total leverage ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00 (these ratios as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility), the Company is prohibited from voluntarily prepaying any of the Senior Unsecured Notes and from voluntarily prepaying any other unsecured or subordinated indebtedness, with certain exceptions (including any mandatory prepayments on the Senior Unsecured Notes or any other unsecured or subordinated debt). If the senior secured leverage ratio is less than 3.00 to 1.00 and the total leverage ratio is less than 3.50 to 1.00, there are no such restrictions.

Share Repurchase Program

On September 6, 2011, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $100.0 million of the Company's outstanding class A common stock. Under the authorization, share repurchases may be made at the Company's discretion, from time to time, in the open market and/or in privately negotiated transactions as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchase will depend on economic and market conditions, share price, trading volume, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repurchased 200,605 shares of its class A common stock at a weighted average price of $18.89 per share for a total purchase price of $3.8 million. As of September 30, 2017, there were $79.2 million of authorized repurchases remaining under the program.

Risk Management

For a discussion of the Company's exposure to market risks and management of those market risks, see Item 3, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2017, the Company's contractual obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements have not changed materially from that listed in the "Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments" table and related notes to the table listed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 22, 2017.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 20, "New Accounting Pronouncements," to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1, "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)," of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is exposed to a variety of market risks which may adversely impact the Company's results of operations and financial condition, including changes in interest and foreign currency exchange rates, changes in the economic environment that would impact credit positions and changes in the prices of certain commodities. The Company's management takes an active role in the risk management process and has developed policies and procedures that require specific administrative and business functions to assist in the identification, assessment and control of various risks. These risk management strategies may not fully insulate the Company from adverse impacts due to market risks.



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Interest Rate Risk

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on variable rate debt obligations and price risk on fixed rate debt and capital leases. The variable rate debt outstanding at September 30, 2017, is primarily comprised of $360.9 million outstanding on the Term Loan A and $288.7 million outstanding on the Term Loan B. As of September 30, 2017, there was no outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility. In order to reduce the variability of cash flows from interest payments related to a portion of Quad/Graphics' variable-rate debt, the Company entered into a $250.0 million interest rate swap during February 2017, and has classified $250.0 million of the Company's variable rate debt as fixed rate debt. Including the impact of the $250.0 million interest rate swap of variable rate to fixed rate debt, Quad/Graphics had variable rate debt outstanding of $393.2 million at a current weighted average interest rate of 4.0% and fixed rate debt and capital leases outstanding of $661.0 million at a current weighted average interest rate of 5.7% as of September 30, 2017. The Term Loan B bears interest primarily based on LIBOR; however, it is subject to a 1.0% LIBOR minimum rate, and thus the interest rate on the Term Loan B will not begin to fluctuate until LIBOR exceeds that percentage. At September 30, 2017, LIBOR was over 1.0%, and as a result, the interest on the Term Loan B would fluctuate with a 10% increase in the market interest rate. Including the Term Loan B, a hypothetical 10% increase in the market interest rates impacting the Company's current weighted average interest rate on variable rate debt obligations would not have a material impact on the Company's interest expense. A hypothetical 10% change in market interest rates would change the fair value of fixed rate debt at September 30, 2017, by approximately $10 million.

Foreign Currency Risk and Translation Exposure

The Company is exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in certain countries in which it operates. The exposure to foreign currency movements is limited in most countries because the operating revenues and expenses of its various subsidiaries and business units are substantially in the local currency of the country in which they operate. To the extent revenues and expenses are not in the applicable local currency, the Company may enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge the currency risk.

Although operating in local currencies may limit the impact of currency rate fluctuations on the results of operations of the Company's non-United States subsidiaries and business units, rate fluctuations may impact the consolidated financial position as the assets and liabilities of its foreign operations are translated into United States dollars in preparing the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2017, the Company's foreign subsidiaries had net current assets (defined as current assets less current liabilities) subject to foreign currency translation risk of $57.1 million. The potential decrease in net current assets as of September 30, 2017, from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in quoted foreign currency exchange rates, would be approximately $5.7 million. This sensitivity analysis assumes a parallel shift in all major foreign currency exchange rates versus the United States dollar. Exchange rates rarely move in the same direction relative to the United States dollar due to positive and negative correlations of the various global currencies. This assumption may overstate or understate the impact of changing exchange rates on individual assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency.

The Company's hedging operations have historically not been material, and gains or losses from these operations have not been material to the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

These international operations are subject to risks typical of international operations, including, but not limited to, differing economic conditions, changes in political climate, potential restrictions on the movement of funds, differing tax structures, and other regulations and restrictions. Accordingly, future results could be adversely impacted by changes in these or other factors.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the possibility of loss from a customer's failure to make payments according to contract terms. Prior to granting credit, each customer is evaluated in an underwriting process, taking into consideration the prospective customer's financial condition, past payment experience, credit bureau information and other financial and qualitative factors that may affect the customer's ability to pay. Specific credit reviews and standard industry credit scoring models are used in performing this evaluation. Customers' financial condition is continuously monitored as part of the normal course of business. Some of the Company's customers are highly leveraged or otherwise subject to their own operating and regulatory risks. Based on those customer account reviews and due to the continued uncertainty of the global economy, the Company has established an allowance for doubtful accounts of $43.8 million as of September 30, 2017, and $53.5 million as of December 31, 2016.


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The Company has a large, diverse customer base and does not have a high degree of concentration with any single customer account. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company's largest customer accounted for less than 5% of the Company's net sales. Even if the Company's credit review and analysis mechanisms work properly, the Company may experience financial losses in its dealings with customers and other parties. Any increase in nonpayment or nonperformance by customers could adversely impact the Company's results of operations and financial condition. Economic disruptions could result in significant future charges.

Commodity Risk

The primary raw materials that Quad/Graphics uses in its print business are paper, ink and energy. At this time, the Company's supply of raw materials is readily available from numerous vendors; however, based on market conditions, that could change in the future. The Company generally buys these raw materials based upon market prices that are established with the vendor as part of the procurement process.

The majority of paper used in the printing process is supplied directly by its clients. For those clients that do not directly supply their own paper, the Company makes use of its purchasing efficiencies to supply paper by negotiating with leading paper vendors, uses a wide variety of paper grades, weights and sizes, and does not rely on any one vendor. In addition, the Company generally includes price adjustment clauses in sales contracts for paper and other critical raw materials in the printing process. Although these clauses generally mitigate paper price risk, higher paper prices and tight paper supplies may have an impact on client demand for printed products. The Company's working capital requirements, including the impact of seasonality, are partially mitigated through the direct purchasing of paper by its clients.

The Company produces the majority of ink used in its print production, allowing it to control the quality, cost and supply of key inputs. Raw materials for the ink manufacturing process are purchased externally from a variety of vendors.

The Company generally cannot pass on to clients the impact of higher electric and natural gas energy prices on its manufacturing costs, and increases in energy prices result in higher manufacturing costs for certain of its operations. The Company mitigates its risk through natural gas hedges when appropriate. In its logistic operations, however, the Company is able to pass a substantial portion of any changes in fuel prices directly to its clients.

As a result, management believes a hypothetical 10% change in the price of paper and other raw materials would not have a significant direct impact on the Company's consolidated annual results of operations or cash flows; however, significant increases in commodity pricing or tight supply could influence future client demand for printed products. Inflation has not had a significant impact on the Company historically.

ITEM 4.
Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report and has concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.



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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.
Legal Proceedings

See Note 7, "Commitments and Contingencies — Litigation," to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1, "Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)," of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A.
Risk Factors

Risk factors relating to the Company are contained in Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of the Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 22, 2017. No material changes to such risk factors occurred during the period from January 1, 2017, through September 30, 2017.

ITEM 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a)
None.

(b)
Not applicable.

(c)
Information about the Company's repurchases of its class A common stock in the quarter ended September 30, 2017, were as follows:
 
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
 
Average Price Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)
 
Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(2)
July 1, 2017 to July 31, 2017
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
82,947,547

August 1, 2017 to August 31, 2017
 
194,189

 
18.89

 
194,189

 
79,279,317

September 1, 2017 to September 30, 2017
 
6,416

 
18.86

 
6,416

 
79,158,311

Total
 
200,605

 
 
 
200,605

 
 
______________________________
(1) 
Represents shares of the Company's class A common stock.

(2) 
On September 6, 2011, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $100.0 million of the Company's outstanding class A common stock. Under the authorization, share repurchases may be made at the Company's discretion, from time to time, in the open market and/or in privately negotiated transactions as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchase will depend on economic and market conditions, share price, trading volume, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repurchased 200,605 shares of its class A common stock at a weighted average price of $18.89 per share for a total purchase price of $3.8 million. As of September 30, 2017, there were $79.2 million of authorized repurchases remaining under the program.

See Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Covenants and Compliance," of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for a discussion of covenants under the Company's debt agreements that may restrict the Company's ability to pay dividends.



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ITEM 6.
Exhibits

The exhibits listed in the exhibit index below are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number
 
Exhibit Description
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(101)
 
Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Quad/Graphics, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited), (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited), (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited), (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited), (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), and (vi) document and entity information.



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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
 
 
 
QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
November 1, 2017
 
By:
/s/ J. Joel Quadracci
 
 
 
 
J. Joel Quadracci
 
 
 
 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
November 1, 2017
 
By:
/s/ David J. Honan
 
 
 
 
David J. Honan
 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)



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