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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 7, 2010
Registration No. 333-165828
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to
Form S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
 
GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
         
Delaware   2834   87-0455038
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
 
1900 Lake Park Dr., Suite 380, Smyrna Georgia 30080, (678) 384-7220
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
 
Robert T. McNally, Ph.D.
President & Chief Executive Officer
GeoVax Labs, Inc.
1900 Lake Park Dr., Suite 380
Smyrna Georgia 30080
Telephone: (678) 384-7220
Facsimile: (678) 384-7281
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
 
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
With Copies To:
T. Clark Fitzgerald III, Esq.
Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, PLLC
271 17th Street, NW, Suite 2400
Atlanta, Georgia 30363
Telephone: (404) 879-2455
Facsimile: (404) 870-4869
 
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  þ
 
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o
 
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o
 
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
             
Large accelerated filer  o   Accelerated filer  þ   Non-accelerated filer  o   Smaller reporting company  o
        (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.
 


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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. The prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
 
PROSPECTUS
 
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS, SUBJECT TO COMPLETION DATED DECEMBER 7, 2010
 
(GEOVAX LOGO)
 
GEOVAX LABS, INC.
 
FROM           TO           UNITS, EACH CONSISTING OF ONE SHARE OF
COMMON STOCK AND A WARRANT TO PURCHASE ONE ADDITIONAL SHARE OF COMMON STOCK
 
This is a best efforts offering of a minimum of $5,000,000 (      units) and a maximum of $10,000,000 (      units) at a price of $      per unit. Each unit consists of one share of GeoVax Labs, Inc. common stock ($0.001 par value) and a five-year callable warrant to purchase one additional share of GeoVax Labs, Inc. common stock at an exercise price of $     , or 20% above the offering price of the units. The units will separate immediately upon issuance and trade separately. Proceeds will be deposited in an escrow account and returned to investors in full, without interest or deduction, unless at least      units offered hereby are sold during the offering period. Investors will have no right to the return of their funds during the term of the escrow.
 
Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol “GOVX.” On December 6, 2010, the last reported sale price for our common stock on the OTC Bulletin Board was $1.01 per share. We do not intend to apply for listing of the warrants on any securities exchange.
 
Investing in the common stock involves certain risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 5 for a discussion of these risks.
 
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
                         
        Total
  Total
    Per Unit   Minimum Offering   Maximum Offering
 
Public offering price
  $                $ 5,000,000     $ 10,000,000  
Placement agents commissions
  $       $ 400,000     $ 800,000  
Proceeds to us(1)
  $       $ 4,600,000     $ 9,200,000  
 
 
(1) Before deducting expenses of this offering payable by us estimated to be approximately $550,000.
 
We have agreed to pay our placement agents an aggregate commission of 8% of the price of each unit sold, and to reimburse certain expenses, up to $174,999. See “Plan of Distribution.” The placement agents are not required to sell any specific number of units or dollar amount of units but will use their best efforts to sell the units. Brokers or dealers effecting transactions in these shares should confirm that the units are registered under the applicable state law or that an exemption from registration is available.
 
This offering will terminate on           , 2011, unless the offering is fully subscribed before that date or we decide to terminate the offering prior to that date. In either event, the offering may be closed without further notice to you. All costs associated with the registration will be borne by us.
 
     
Global Hunter Securities
  Gilford Securities Incorporated
     
(GEOVAX LOGO)   (GILFORD SECURITIES INCORPORATED)
 
The date of this Prospectus is December  , 2010


 

 
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    F-1  
 EX-23.1
 EX-23.2
 
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and in any accompanying prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information.
 
We have not authorized anyone to make an offer of these shares of common stock in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.
 
You should not assume that the information in this prospectus or prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this prospectus.


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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
 
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. It does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our securities. Please read the entire prospectus carefully, including the section entitled “Risk Factors” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information, and if you receive any unauthorized information you should not rely on it. The information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only as of its date. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
 
You should not invest unless you can afford to lose your entire investment.
 
Company Overview
 
We are a biotechnology company dedicated to developing vaccines that prevent and fight human immunodeficiency virus (commonly known as HIV) infections that result in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, also known as AIDS. We have preventative vaccines being evaluated in a Phase 2a human clinical trial in individuals who are not HIV infected and are currently enrolling prospective participants in a Phase 1 human therapeutic clinical trial in individuals who are HIV infected.
 
Our preventative vaccines are designed to prevent or control infection by HIV, reduce the rate of disease progression to AIDS and reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Our therapeutic vaccines target viral replication to reduce viral load in HIV infected individuals with a goal of reducing or eliminating the need for anti-HIV medications, and thereby reduce both the cost of treatment and the occurrence of detrimental side effects associated with current drug treatments.
 
Our vaccines are designed to function against the subtype, known as clade B, of the HIV virus that is most prevalent in the developed world. Our vaccines have been shown to induce antibodies and T cells (a type of white blood cell) in Phase 1 human clinical trials. In non-human primate challenge models, the antibodies and T cells elicited by a simian prototype of our vaccine have been shown to protect against mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus infection, the non-human primate version of the HIV virus. Our goals include manufacturing and testing these vaccines consistent with guidelines issued by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, conducting human trials for vaccine safety and effectiveness, and obtaining regulatory approvals to advance the development and commercialization of our vaccines.
 
Our preventative vaccine is one of only five vaccine candidates out of more than 80 tested by the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, which we refer to as the HVTN, in Phase 1 human clinical trials to have progressed to Phase 2 testing. Based on current enrollment progress, we expect the Phase 2a clinical trial to have completed enrollment and inoculations during 2011.
 
The Investigational New Drug, or IND, application to test our therapeutic vaccine in a Phase 1 human clinical trial is based on promising data from three pilot studies we conducted using therapeutic vaccination in simian immunodeficiency virus infected non-human primates. We expect the Phase 1 trial to begin generating vaccine safety and performance data during 2011, with trial completion in the 2012-2013 timeframe.
 
Our vaccine candidates incorporate two delivery components: a recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, and a recombinant poxvirus designated modified vaccinia Ankara, or MVA, which both deliver genes that encode inactivated HIV-derived proteins and provide them to the immune system. Both components are designed to support production of non-infectious virus-like particles in vaccinated individuals that prime and boost immune responses. When properly administered in series, our vaccine candidates induce strong T-cell and antibody responses in non-human primates against multiple HIV proteins.
 
In uninfected people, both the DNA and MVA vaccines contain sufficient HIV genes to support the production of non-infectious virus-like particles which display forms of proteins that appear authentic to the immune system. When used together, the recombinant DNA component is used to prime immune responses which are boosted by administration of the recombinant MVA component. In certain settings, the recombinant


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MVA alone may be sufficient for priming and boosting the immune responses. We are testing use of the recombinant MVA component alone in part two of our ongoing Phase 2a clinical trial.
 
Work on our vaccines began during the 1990s at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, under the direction of Dr. Harriet L. Robinson, who is now our Chief Scientific Officer. The vaccine technology was developed in collaboration with researchers at the United States National Institutes of Health, or the NIH, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, or the NIAID, and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the CDC. The technology developed at Emory University is exclusively licensed to us. We also have nonexclusive rights through our license to certain patents owned by the NIH and exclusive license rights to certain manufacturing process patents of MFD, Inc.
 
In 2005, a Phase 1 human clinical trial to test our preventative vaccine concluded successfully. After receiving “Safe to Proceed” status for a new IND by the FDA, a Phase 1 clinical trial combining low doses of the DNA vaccine with the MVA vaccine began in May 2006. An additional Phase 1 human clinical trial began in September 2006 to test full doses of the vaccines. In total, this Phase 1 testing included four clinical trial stages. The different clinical trial stages were designed to test various combinations and doses of our DNA and MVA vaccines in human volunteers for their ability to induce HIV-specific immune responses and to document safety. Successful results from all stages of the Phase 1 clinical trial supported the initiation of the first Phase 2 clinical trial which began in January 2009 and will ultimately involve 300 participants at sites in the United States and South America.
 
We are also conducting pre-clinical research on the impact of adding adjuvants, which are immune system stimulants, to our vaccine components to see if this can improve the effectiveness of our vaccine candidates. This work is being funded by the NIH through an Integrated Pre-clinical/Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development Grant, or IPCAVD grant, to GeoVax. Pre-clinical animal trials have been conducted with very encouraging results, and we plan to pursue a second clinical program for the development of the next generation of our HIV/AIDS vaccines. We have completed preliminary discussions with the FDA and plan to submit an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for this vaccine during 2011. We intend to initiate a Phase 1 human clinical trial for this vaccine as soon as practicable following approval of our IND application by the FDA.
 
All of the human clinical testing completed to date on our vaccines, except for the therapeutic trial, has been conducted by the HVTN using funding from the NIH. Separately, in September 2007, we received a five-year IPCAVD grant from the NIH. The total award of more than $18 million is limited to meritorious HIV/AIDS prevention vaccine programs and subject to annual renewal. The funds we are raising in this offering will be used for general corporate purposes and to expand and accelerate our ability to fund research and clinical trials in hopes of accelerating the date our preventative and therapeutic vaccines receive required regulatory approval for commercial distribution.
 
 
Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol “GOVX.” On December 6, 2010, the last reported sale price for our common stock on the OTC Bulletin Board was $1.01 per share. We do not intend to apply for listing of the warrants on any securities exchange.
 
As used herein, “GeoVax,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and similar terms include GeoVax Labs, Inc., and its operating subsidiary, GeoVax, Inc., unless the context indicates otherwise.
 
We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our principal executive offices are located at 1900 Lake Park Drive, Suite 380, Smyrna, Georgia 30080 (metropolitan Atlanta). Our telephone number is (678) 384-7220. The address of our website is www.geovax.com. Information on our website is not part of this prospectus.


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SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
The following summary financial data are derived from our consolidated financial statements. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. You should read the information set forth below in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, beginning on page F-1 of this prospectus.
 
                                                         
    Nine Months Ended
   
    September 30,   Years Ended December 31,
Statement of Operations Data
  2010   2009   2009   2008   2007   2006   2005
 
Total revenues (grant income)
  $ 4,239,017     $ 3,271,506     $ 3,668,195     $ 2,910,170     $ 237,004     $ 852,905     $ 670,467  
Net loss
  $ (2,268,544 )   $ (2,440,977 )   $ (3,284,252 )   $ (3,728,187 )   $ (4,241,796 )   $ (584,166 )   $ (1,611,086 )
Basic and diluted net loss per common share(1)
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.16 )   $ (0.22 )   $ (0.25 )   $ (0.30 )   $ (0.07 )   $ (0.26 )
 
                                                         
    September 30,   December 31,
Balance Sheet Data:
  2010   2009   2009   2008   2007   2006   2005
 
Total assets
  $ 2,992,798     $ 4,274,906     $ 4,315,597     $ 3,056,241     $ 3,246,404     $ 2,396,330     $ 1,685,218  
Redeemable convertible preferred stock
  $     $     $     $     $     $     $ 1,016,555  
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
  $ 2,145,779     $ 3,926,132     $ 3,744,232     $ 2,709,819     $ 2,647,866     $ 2,203,216     $ (500,583 )


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THE OFFERING
 
Securities Offered From           to          units representing an aggregate price of $5,000,000 to $10,000,000. Each unit will consist of one share of our common stock and a warrant to purchase another share of our common stock.
 
Number of Shares Outstanding Prior to the Offering 15,654,846 shares. (1)
 
Number of Shares to be
Outstanding After the Offering
Minimum:                    shares(1) 
Maximum:                    shares (1)
 
Description of Unit Warrants: The five-year callable warrants will have an exercise price of $      per share, or 20% above the offering price of the units. See “Description of Capital Stock and Unit Warrants.”
 
Use of Proceeds To have vaccines manufactured for our clinical trials; to conduct a second human clinical trial for the therapeutic use of our vaccine; toward conducting a Phase 1 human clinical trial of an adjuvanted version of our vaccine, toward conducting our planned Phase 2b human clinical trial for a preventative HIV vaccine in the “at risk” population; and for working capital and general corporate purposes.
 
OTC Bulletin Board Symbol for Our Common Stock GOVX
 
Risk Factors The securities offered by this prospectus are speculative and involve a high degree of risk and investors purchasing securities should not purchase the securities unless they can afford the loss of their entire investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 5.
 
(1) The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on the number of shares outstanding as of November 30, 2010, and excludes:
 
  •  1,037,529 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans. As of November 30, 2010, there were options to purchase 1,035,356 shares of our common stock outstanding under our equity incentive plans with a weighted average exercise price of $5.66 per share;
 
  •  907,594 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of currently outstanding warrants as of November 30, 2010, with exercise prices ranging from $7.00 per share to $16.50 per share; and
 
  •  From           to           shares of common stock that will be issuable upon exercise of the unit warrants at an exercise price of $      per share (20% above the offering price per unit) sold as part of the units in this offering.


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RISK FACTORS
 
You should carefully consider the risks, uncertainties and other factors described below before you decide whether to buy units. Any of the factors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects and could negatively impact the market price of our securities. Also, you should be aware that the risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties, of which we are not yet aware, or that we currently consider to be immaterial, may also impair our business operations. You should also refer to the other information contained in this prospectus, including our financial statements and the related notes.
 
Risks Related to Our Financial Results and Need for Additional Financing
 
We have a history of operating losses, and we expect losses to continue for the foreseeable future.
 
We have had no product revenue to date and there can be no assurance that we will ever generate any product revenue. We have experienced operating losses since we began operations in 2001. As of September 30, 2010, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $19.8 million. We expect to incur additional operating losses and expect cumulative losses to increase as our research and development, pre-clinical, clinical, manufacturing and marketing efforts expand. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability depends on our ability to successfully complete the development of our product candidates, conduct pre-clinical tests and clinical trials, obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, and manufacture and market the resulting products. Unless we are able to successfully meet these challenges, we will not be profitable and may not remain in business.
 
Our business will require continued funding. If we do not receive adequate funding, we will not be able to continue our operations.
 
To date, we have financed our operations principally through the private placement of equity securities and through NIH grants. We will require substantial additional financing at various intervals for our operations, including clinical trials, operating expenses, intellectual property protection and enforcement, for pursuit of regulatory approvals, and for establishing or contracting out manufacturing, marketing and sales functions. There is no assurance that such additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are not able to secure the significant funding that is required to maintain and continue our operations at current levels, or at levels that may be required in the future, we may be required to delay clinical studies or clinical trials, curtail operations, or obtain funds through collaborative arrangements that may require us to relinquish rights to some of our products or potential markets.
 
The costs of conducting all of our human clinical trials to date have been borne by the HVTN, funded by the NIH, with GeoVax incurring costs associated with manufacturing the clinical vaccine supplies and other study support. This includes the cost of conducting the ongoing Phase 2a human clinical study of our preventative vaccine. We cannot predict the level of support we will receive from the HVTN or the NIH for any additional clinical trials. We are currently not receiving any governmental support for our Phase 1 therapeutic vaccine human clinical trial.
 
Our operations are also partially supported by the IPCAVD grant awarded to us to support our HIV/AIDS vaccine program. The project period for the grant, which is renewable annually, covers a five year period which commenced October 2007. The most recent annual award under the grant is for the period from September 1, 2010 through August 31, 2011 in the amount of $3.7 million. We intend to pursue additional grants from the federal government. However, as we progress to the later stages of our vaccine development activities, government financial support may be more difficult to obtain, or may not be available at all. Therefore, it will be necessary for us to look to other sources of funding in order to finance our development activities.
 
We believe that our current working capital, combined with proceeds from the IPCAVD grant awarded from the NIH, and without consideration given to net proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to support our planned level of operations through the first quarter of 2011, with no changes to our current business plan.


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Assuming the minimum amount of units is sold, we expect to have sufficient funding to support our planned operations through at least the first quarter of 2012. Assuming the maximum amount of units is sold, we expect to have sufficient funding to support our planned and expanded operations at least through the end of 2012. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
 
The current economic downturn may adversely impact our ability to raise capital.
 
The recession and adverse conditions in the national and global markets may negatively affect both our ability to raise capital and our operations in the future. The volatile equity markets and adverse credit markets may make it difficult for us to raise capital or procure credit in the future to fund the growth of our business, which could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.
 
Risks Related to Development and Commercialization of Product Candidates and Dependence on Third Parties
 
Our products are still being developed and are unproven. These products may not be successful.
 
To become profitable, we must generate revenue through sales of our products. However our products are in varying stages of development and testing. Our products have not been proven in human clinical trials and have not been approved by any government agency for sale. If we cannot successfully develop and prove our products and processes, or if we do not develop other sources of revenue, we will not become profitable and at some point we would discontinue operations.
 
Whether we are successful will be dependent, in part, upon the leadership provided by our management. If we were to lose the services of any of these individuals, our business and operations may be adversely affected. Further, we may not carry key man insurance on our executive officers or directors.
 
Whether our business will be successful will be dependent, in part, upon the leadership provided by our officers, particularly our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Scientific Officer. The loss of the services of these individuals may have an adverse effect on our operations. Although we carry some key man insurance on Dr. Harriet L. Robinson, the amount of such coverage may not be sufficient to offset any adverse economic effects on our operations and we do not carry key man insurance on any of our other executive officers or directors. Further, our employees, including our executive officers and directors, are not subject to any covenants not to compete against the Company, and our business could be adversely affected if any of our employees or directors engaged in an enterprise competitive with the Company.
 
Regulatory and legal uncertainties could result in significant costs or otherwise harm our business.
 
To manufacture and sell our products, we must comply with extensive domestic and international regulation. In order to sell our products in the United States, approval from the FDA is required. Satisfaction of regulatory requirements, including FDA requirements, typically takes many years, and if approval is obtained at all, it is dependent upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product, and requires the expenditure of substantial resources. We cannot predict whether our products will be approved by the FDA. Even if they are approved, we cannot predict the time frame for approval. Foreign regulatory requirements differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may, in some cases, be more stringent or difficult to meet than FDA requirements. As with the FDA, we cannot predict if or when we may obtain these regulatory approvals. If we cannot demonstrate that our products can be used safely and successfully in a broad segment of the patient population on a long-term basis, our products would likely be denied approval by the FDA and the regulatory agencies of foreign governments.


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We will face intense competition and rapid technological change that could result in products that are superior to the products we will be commercializing or developing.
 
The market for vaccines that protect against or treat HIV/AIDS is intensely competitive and is subject to rapid and significant technological change. We will have numerous competitors in the United States and abroad, including, among others, large companies with substantially greater resources than us. These competitors may develop technologies and products that are more effective or less costly than any of our future technology or products or that could render our technology or products obsolete or noncompetitive. If our technology or products are not competitive, we may not be able to remain in business.
 
Our product candidates are based on new medical technology and, consequently, are inherently risky. Concerns about the safety and efficacy of our products could limit our future success.
 
We are subject to the risks of failure inherent in the development of product candidates based on new medical technologies. These risks include the possibility that the products we create will not be effective, that our product candidates will be unsafe or otherwise fail to receive the necessary regulatory approvals, and that our product candidates will be hard to manufacture on a large scale or will be uneconomical to market.
 
Many pharmaceutical products cause multiple potential complications and side effects, not all of which can be predicted with accuracy and many of which may vary from patient to patient. Long term follow-up data may reveal additional complications associated with our products. The responses of potential physicians and others to information about complications could materially affect the market acceptance of our products, which in turn would materially harm our business.
 
We may experience delays in our clinical trials that could adversely affect our financial results and our commercial prospects.
 
We do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time or whether we will complete any of our clinical trials on schedule, if at all. Product development costs will increase if we have delays in testing or approvals or if we need to perform more or larger clinical trials than planned. Significant delays may adversely affect our financial results and the commercial prospects for our products, and delay our ability to become profitable.
 
We rely heavily on the HVTN, independent clinical investigators, and other third party service providers for successful execution of our clinical trials, but do not control many aspects of their activities. We are responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance with the general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as Good Clinical Practices, for conducting, recording, and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control does not relieve us of these responsibilities and requirements. Third parties may not complete activities on schedule, or may not conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our stated protocols. The failure of these third parties to carry out their obligations could delay or prevent the development, approval and commercialization of our product candidates.
 
Failure to obtain timely regulatory approvals required to exploit the commercial potential of our products could increase our future development costs or impair our future sales.
 
None of our vaccines are approved by the FDA for sale in the United States or by other regulatory authorities for sale in foreign countries. To exploit the commercial potential of our technologies, we are conducting and planning to conduct additional pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. This process is expensive and can require a significant amount of time. Failure can occur at any stage of testing, even if the results are favorable. Failure to adequately demonstrate safety and efficacy in clinical trials could delay or preclude regulatory approval and restrict our ability to commercialize our technology or products. Any such failure may severely harm our business. In addition, any approvals we obtain may not cover all of the clinical indications for which approval is sought, or may contain significant limitations in the form of narrow indications,


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warnings, precautions or contraindications with respect to conditions of use, or in the form of onerous risk management plans, restrictions on distribution, or post-approval study requirements.
 
State pharmaceutical marketing compliance and reporting requirements may expose us to regulatory and legal action by state governments or other government authorities.
 
In recent years, several states have enacted legislation requiring pharmaceutical companies to establish marketing compliance programs and file periodic reports on sales, marketing, pricing and other activities. Similar legislation is being considered in other states. Many of these requirements are new and uncertain, and available guidance is limited. Unless we are in full compliance with these laws, we could face enforcement action and fines and other penalties and could receive adverse publicity, all of which could harm our business.
 
We may be subject to new federal and state legislation to submit information on our open and completed clinical trials to public registries and databases.
 
In 1997, a public registry of open clinical trials involving drugs intended to treat serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions was established under the FDA Modernization Act, or the FDMA, to promote public awareness of and access to these clinical trials. Under the FDMA, pharmaceutical manufacturers and other trial sponsors are required to post the general purpose of these trials, as well as the eligibility criteria, location and contact information of the trials. Since the establishment of this registry, there has been significant public debate focused on broadening the types of trials included in this or other registries, as well as providing for public access to clinical trial results. A voluntary coalition of medical journal editors has adopted a resolution to publish results only from those trials that have been registered with a no-cost, publicly accessible database, such as www.clinicaltrials.gov. Federal legislation was introduced in the fall of 2004 to expand www.clinicaltrials.gov and to require the inclusion of trial results in this registry. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America also issued voluntary principles for its members to make results from certain clinical trials publicly available and established a website for this purpose. Other groups have adopted or are considering similar proposals for clinical trial registration and the posting of clinical trial results. Failure to comply with any clinical trial posting requirements could expose us to negative publicity, fines and other penalties, all of which could materially harm our business.
 
We will face uncertainty related to pricing and reimbursement and health care reform.
 
In both domestic and foreign markets, sales of our products will depend in part on the availability of reimbursement from third-party payers such as government health administration authorities, private health insurers, health maintenance organizations and other health care-related organizations. Reimbursement by such payers is presently undergoing reform and there is significant uncertainty at this time how this will affect sales of certain pharmaceutical products.
 
Medicare, Medicaid and other governmental healthcare programs govern drug coverage and reimbursement levels in the United States. Federal law requires all pharmaceutical manufacturers to rebate a percentage of their revenue arising from Medicaid-reimbursed drug sales to individual states. Generic drug manufacturers’ agreements with federal and state governments provide that the manufacturer will remit to each state Medicaid agency, on a quarterly basis, 11% of the average manufacturer price for generic products marketed and sold under abbreviated new drug applications covered by the state’s Medicaid program. For proprietary products, which are marketed and sold under new drug applications, manufacturers are required to rebate the greater of (a) 15.1% of the average manufacturer price or (b) the difference between the average manufacturer price and the lowest manufacturer price for products sold during a specified period.
 
Both the federal and state governments in the United States, and foreign governments, continue to propose and pass new legislation, rules and regulations designed to contain or reduce the cost of health care. Existing regulations that affect the price of pharmaceutical and other medical products may also change before any of our products are approved for marketing. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that we receive for any product developed in the future. In addition, third-party payers are increasingly challenging the price and cost-effectiveness of medical products and services and litigation has been filed against a number of


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pharmaceutical companies in relation to these issues. Additionally, some uncertainty may exist as to the reimbursement status of newly approved injectable pharmaceutical products. Our products may not be considered cost-effective or adequate third-party reimbursement may not be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to realize an adequate return on our investment.
 
We may not be successful in establishing collaborations for product candidates we may seek to commercialize, which could adversely affect our ability to discover, develop, and commercialize products.
 
We expect to seek collaborations for the development and commercialization of product candidates in the future. The timing and terms of any collaboration will depend on the evaluation by prospective collaborators of the clinical trial results and other aspects of our vaccine’s safety and efficacy profile. If we are unable to reach agreements with suitable collaborators for any product candidate, we will be forced to fund the entire development and commercialization of such product candidates, ourselves, and we may not have the resources to do so. If resource constraints require us to enter into a collaboration agreement early in the development of a product candidate, we may be forced to accept a more limited share of any revenues this product may eventually generate. We face significant competition in seeking appropriate collaborators. Moreover, these collaboration arrangements are complex and time-consuming to negotiate and document. We may not be successful in our efforts to establish collaborations or other alternative arrangements for any product candidate. Even if we are successful in establishing collaborations, we may not be able to ensure fulfillment by collaborators of their obligations or our expectations.
 
We do not have manufacturing, sales or marketing experience and our lack of experience may restrict our success in commercializing our product candidates.
 
We do not have experience in manufacturing, marketing, or selling vaccines. We may be unable to establish satisfactory arrangements for manufacturing, marketing, sales, and distribution capabilities necessary to commercialize and gain market acceptance for our products. To obtain the expertise necessary to successfully manufacture, market, and sell our vaccines, we will require the development of our own commercial infrastructure and/or collaborative commercial arrangements and partnerships. Our ability to make that investment and also execute our current operating plan is dependent on numerous factors, including, the performance of third party collaborators with whom we may contract. Accordingly, we may not have sufficient funds to successfully commercialize our vaccines in the United States or elsewhere.
 
Furthermore, our products may not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, healthcare payers and the medical community. Significant factors in determining whether we will be able to compete successfully include:
 
  •  the efficacy and safety of our vaccines;
 
  •  the time and scope of regulatory approval;
 
  •  reimbursement coverage from insurance companies and others;
 
  •  the price and cost-effectiveness of our products; and
 
  •  the ability to maintain patent protection.
 
We may be required to defend lawsuits or pay damages for product liability claims.
 
Product liability is a major risk in testing and marketing biotechnology and pharmaceutical products. We may face substantial product liability exposure in human clinical trials and for products that we sell after regulatory approval. We carry product liability insurance and we expect to continue such policies. However, product liability claims, regardless of their merits, could exceed policy limits, divert management’s attention, and adversely affect our reputation and the demand for our products.


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Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
 
We could lose our license rights to our important intellectual property if we do not fulfill our contractual obligations to our licensors.
 
Our rights to significant parts of the technology we use in our vaccines are licensed from third parties and are subject to termination if we do not fulfill our contractual obligations to our licensors. Termination of intellectual property rights under any of our license agreements could adversely impact our ability to produce or protect our vaccines. Our obligations under our license agreements include requirements that we make milestone payments to our licensors upon the achievement of clinical development and regulatory approval milestones, royalties as we sell commercial products, and reimbursement of patent filing and maintenance expenses. Should we become bankrupt or otherwise unable to fulfill our contractual obligations, our licensors could terminate our rights to critical technology that we rely upon.
 
Other parties may claim that we infringe their intellectual property or proprietary rights, which could cause us to incur significant expenses or prevent us from selling products.
 
Our success will depend in part on our ability to operate without infringing the patents and proprietary rights of third parties. The manufacture, use and sale of new products have been subject to substantial patent rights litigation in the pharmaceutical industry. These lawsuits generally relate to the validity and infringement of patents or proprietary rights of third parties. Infringement litigation is prevalent with respect to generic versions of products for which the patent covering the brand name product is expiring, particularly since many companies that market generic products focus their development efforts on products with expiring patents. Pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, universities, research institutions or other third parties may have filed patent applications or may have been granted patents that cover aspects of our products or our licensors’ products, product candidates or other technologies.
 
Future or existing patents issued to third parties may contain patent claims that conflict with our products. We expect to be subject to infringement claims from time to time in the ordinary course of business, and third parties could assert infringement claims against us in the future with respect to our current products or with respect to products that we may develop or license. Litigation or interference proceedings could force us to:
 
  •  stop or delay selling, manufacturing or using products that incorporate, or are made using, the challenged intellectual property;
 
  •  pay damages; or
 
  •  enter into licensing or royalty agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
 
Any litigation or interference proceedings, regardless of their outcome, would likely delay the regulatory approval process, be costly and require significant time and attention of our key management and technical personnel.
 
Any inability to protect intellectual property rights in the United States and foreign countries could limit our ability to manufacture or sell products.
 
We will rely on trade secrets, unpatented proprietary know-how, continuing technological innovation and, in some cases, patent protection to preserve our competitive position. Our patents and licensed patent rights may be challenged, invalidated, infringed or circumvented, and the rights granted in those patents may not provide proprietary protection or competitive advantages to us. We and our licensors may not be able to develop patentable products. Even if patent claims are allowed, the claims may not issue, or in the event of issuance, may not be sufficient to protect the technology owned by or licensed to us. If patents containing competitive or conflicting claims are issued to third parties, we may be prevented from commercializing the products covered by such patents, or may be required to obtain or develop alternate technology. In addition, other parties may duplicate, design around or independently develop similar or alternative technologies.
 
We may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing or using our intellectual property, and the parties from whom we may license intellectual property may not be able to prevent third parties from


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infringing or using the licensed intellectual property. We generally will attempt to control and limit access to, and the distribution of, our product documentation and other proprietary information. Despite efforts to protect this proprietary information, unauthorized parties may obtain and use information that we may regard as proprietary. Other parties may independently develop similar know-how or may even obtain access to these technologies.
 
The laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary information to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and many companies have encountered significant problems and costs in protecting their proprietary information in these foreign countries.
 
Neither the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office nor the courts have established a consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in pharmaceutical patents. The allowance of broader claims may increase the incidence and cost of patent interference proceedings and the risk of infringement litigation. On the other hand, the allowance of narrower claims may limit the value of our proprietary rights.
 
Risks Related to This Offering and Our Securities
 
We will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering.
 
We intend to use the proceeds as described in “Use of Proceeds.” However, the allocation of proceeds will depend in part upon how much money we raise and future developments in our business. Our judgment as to such allocations may not result in positive returns on your investment and you will not have an opportunity to evaluate the economic, financial, or other information upon which we base our decisions.
 
Future sales by our stockholders may adversely affect our stock price and our ability to raise funds in new stock offerings.
 
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market following this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. These sales could also make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate. Most of the outstanding shares held by our affiliates will be eligible for sale upon the expiration of lock-up agreements 180 days after the date of this prospectus, subject in some cases to volume and other restrictions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The lock-up period may be extended in certain cases for up to 18 additional days.
 
There is no public market for the warrants to purchase common stock being offered in this offering.
 
There is no established public trading market for the warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing the warrants on any securities exchange. Without an active market, the liquidity of the warrants will be limited.
 
If the registration statement covering the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants contained in the units is no longer effective, the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants will be issued with restrictive legends unless such shares are eligible for sale under Rule 144.
 
There is no firm commitment to purchase units, and there can be no assurance we will sell the minimum amount of units.
 
The Company is offering the units through the placement agents on a “best efforts” minimum/maximum basis. The placement agents have made no commitment to purchase any units offered hereby. Consequently, there can be no assurance that the units offered hereby will be sold. In the event that the minimum number of units offered hereby is not sold within thirty days of the date of this prospectus, all proceeds received will be refunded in full to investors without interest or deduction. Therefore, investors subscribing to purchase the units offered hereby may lose the use of their funds for the escrow period of up to thirty days.


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Investors in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution and may experience additional dilution in the future.
 
Investors in this offering will incur immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering. After giving effect to the sale by us of all of units offered in this offering at a public offering price of $      per unit, and after deducting placement agent commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our net tangible book value per share, as of September 30, 2010, would have been $     , representing an immediate dilution of $      per share, or     %, of the public offering price, assuming no exercise of the warrants. In addition, in the past, we issued options and warrants to acquire shares of common stock. To the extent these options and warrants are ultimately exercised at prices below the then-current market value, investors in this offering will sustain future dilution.
 
The market price of our common stock is highly volatile.
 
The market price of our common stock has been, and is expected to continue to be, highly volatile. Certain factors, including announcements of new developments by us or other companies, regulatory matters, new or existing medicines or procedures, concerns about our financial position, operating results, litigation, government regulation, developments or disputes relating to agreements, patents or proprietary rights, may have a significant impact on the market price of our stock. In addition, potential dilutive effects of future sales of shares of common stock by our stockholders and by us, including those sold pursuant to this prospectus, and subsequent sales of common stock by the holders of warrants and options could have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares.
 
Our common stock does not have a vigorous trading market and you may not be able to sell your securities when desired.
 
We have a limited active public market for our common shares. A more active public market, allowing you to sell large quantities of our common stock, may never develop. Consequently, you may not be able to liquidate your investment in the event of an emergency or for any other reason.
 
We have never paid dividends and have no plans to do so.
 
Holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors. To date, we have paid no cash dividends on our shares of common stock and we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to provide funds for operations of our business. Therefore, any potential return investors in our common stock may have will be in the form of appreciation, if any, in the market value of their shares of common stock.
 
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
 
We are subject to reporting obligations under the United States securities laws. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent fraud. As a result, our failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could negatively impact the trading price of our stock.
 
If we fail to remain current in our reporting requirements, our securities could be removed from the OTC Bulletin Board, which would limit the ability of broker-dealers to sell our securities and the ability of stockholders to sell their securities in the secondary market.
 
United States companies trading on the OTC Bulletin Board must be reporting issuers under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, and must be current in their reports under Section 13. If we fail to remain current on our


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reporting requirements, we could be removed from the OTC Bulletin Board. As a result, the market liquidity for our securities could be severely adversely affected by limiting the ability of broker-dealers to sell our securities and the ability of stockholders to sell their securities in the secondary market.
 
We may need additional capital, and the sale of additional shares or other equity securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders.
 
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, anticipated cash flow from operations and the net proceeds from this financing will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs through 2012. We may, however, require additional cash resources. If our resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity securities or borrow money. The sale of additional equity securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
 
Our directors and executive officers beneficially own a significant amount of our common stock and will be able to exercise significant influence on matters requiring stockholder approval.
 
Our directors and executive officers collectively beneficially own approximately 18.3% of our common stock as of November 30, 2010. After the offering and assuming all units offered hereby are sold, our directors and executive officers will collectively beneficially own approximately     % of our common stock. Consequently, our directors and executive officers as a group will continue to be able to exert significant influence over the election of directors and the outcome of most corporate actions requiring stockholder approval and our business, which may have the effect of delaying or precluding a third party from acquiring control of us. Furthermore, Emory University beneficially owns 29.5% of our common stock as of November 30, 2010, and will beneficially own approximately     % if all units offered hereby are sold. If our directors and executive officers move to act in concert with Emory University, their ability to influence stockholder actions will be even more significant.
 
Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation may make it more difficult for a third party to effect a change in control.
 
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The preferred stock may be issued in one or more series, the terms of which may be determined at the time of issuance by our Board of Directors without further action by the stockholders. These terms may include voting rights including the right to vote as a series on particular matters, preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights, redemption rights and sinking fund provisions. The issuance of any preferred stock could diminish the rights of holders of our common stock, and therefore could reduce the value of our common stock. In addition, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. The ability of our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock could make it more difficult, delay, discourage, prevent or make it more costly to acquire or effect a change-in-control, which in turn could prevent the stockholders from recognizing a gain in the event that a favorable offer is extended and could materially and negatively affect the market price of our common stock.


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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
The information contained in this prospectus, includes forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are often identified by words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” their negatives, and similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These statements involve estimates, assumptions and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed for the reasons described in this prospectus. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
 
The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are based on our expectations, which reflect estimates and assumptions made by our management. These estimates and assumptions reflect our best judgment based on currently known industry developments, our scientific work, contractual arrangements, and other factors. Although we believe such estimates and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently uncertain and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are beyond our control. In addition, our assumptions about future events may prove to be inaccurate. We caution all readers that the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are not guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assure any reader that such statements will be realized or the forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements due to the factors listed in the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this prospectus. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus. We do not intend to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf. The risks, contingencies and uncertainties relate to, among other matters, the following: our history of operating losses, our need for continued funding, the development stage of our vaccines, regulatory and legal uncertainties, competition, the difficulty of obtaining timely regulatory approvals, uncertainty as to third party reimbursements, the impact of healthcare reform, difficulties related to our intellectual property, and other factors discussed under “Risk Factors.”
 
Other factors besides those described in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement could also affect our actual results. These forward-looking statements are largely based on our expectations and beliefs concerning future events, which reflect estimates and assumptions made by our management. These estimates and assumptions reflect our best judgment based on currently known market conditions and other factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control.


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USE OF PROCEEDS
 
We estimate that the net proceeds, after commissions of 8% and after expenses estimated at $550,000, from the sale of the units will be approximately $4.1 million assuming that we sell the minimum number of such units, and $8.7 million assuming we sell the maximum number of such units we are offering pursuant to this prospectus. We will retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds to us from any sale of the units under this prospectus.
 
                                 
Sources and Uses
  Minimum Offering     Maximum Offering  
 
Sources:
                               
Gross Proceeds
  $ 5,000,000       (100.0 )%   $ 10,000,000       (100.0 )%
Uses:
                               
Commissions
  $ 400,000       (8.0 )%   $ 800,000       (8.0 )%
Offering expenses, other than commissions
  $ 550,000       (11.0 )%   $ 550,000       (5.5 )%
Manufacture vaccine for clinical trials
  $ 1,500,000       (30.0 )%   $ 1,500,000       (15.0 )%
Phase 1/2 clinical trials for therapeutic use of our HIV vaccine
  $ 1,000,000       (20.0 )%   $ 1,500,000       (15.0 )%
Phase 2b clinical trial for preventative use of our HIV vaccine
  $       (0.0 )%   $ 2,500,000       (25.0 )%
Phase 1 clinical trial for preventative use of our HIV adjuvanted vaccine
  $ 1,000,000       (20.0 )%   $ 2,500,000       (25.0 )%
Working capital and general corporate purposes
  $ 550,000       (11.0 )%   $ 650,000       (6.5 )%
                                 
TOTAL
  $ 5,000,000       (100.0 )%   $ 10,000,000       (100 )%
                                 
 
We plan to apply the proceeds in approximately the order listed above. However, as our business develops, the amount to be allocated to particular uses may change. For example, if a clinical trial is extended or terminated, then a greater or lesser amount of funds will be required.
 
We may receive proceeds from the exercise of warrants included within the units sold pursuant to this offering. Since the warrants may or may not be exercised and, if exercised, may be exercised in whole or in part using a cashless exercise mechanism, we cannot predict the amount or timing of sums we may receive as a result of any warrant exercises.


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MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY
AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
 
Market Information
 
Our common stock is currently traded on the OTC Bulletin Board market under the symbol “GOVX.” The following table sets forth the high and low bid prices for our common stock for the periods indicated. The prices represent quotations between dealers and do not include retail mark-up, markdown, or commission, and do not necessarily represent actual transactions:
 
                 
    High   Low
 
2010
               
Fourth Quarter (through December 6, 2010)
  $ 2.18     $ 0.63  
Third Quarter
  $ 3.35     $ 1.52  
Second Quarter
  $ 6.50     $ 2.25  
First Quarter
  $ 9.00     $ 5.00  
2009
               
Fourth Quarter
  $ 12.50     $ 7.00  
Third Quarter
  $ 16.50     $ 6.00  
Second Quarter
  $ 19.00     $ 5.00  
First Quarter
  $ 10.00     $ 4.50  
2008
               
Fourth Quarter
  $ 10.00     $ 4.50  
Third Quarter
  $ 10.00     $ 6.50  
Second Quarter
  $ 14.50     $ 6.00  
First Quarter
  $ 9.50     $ 5.50  
 
Holders
 
On November 30, 2010, there were approximately 1,200 holders of record of our common stock. The number of record holders does not reflect the number of beneficial owners of our common stock for whom shares are held by brokerage firms and other institutions.
 
Dividends
 
We have not paid any dividends since our inception and do not contemplate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.


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CAPITALIZATION
 
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of September 30, 2010:
 
  •  on an actual basis; and
 
  •  on a pro forma as adjusted basis giving effect to the sale of units, each of which will include one share of common stock, in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $      per unit, after deducting the estimated commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and application of net proceeds.
 
                         
          Pro Forma
 
          as Adjusted(1)  
          Minimum
    Maximum
 
    Actual     Offering     Offering  
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value 40,000,000 shares authorized, 15,654,846 shares outstanding at September 30, 2010,           shares outstanding if the minimum number of units is sold,           shares outstanding if the maximum number of units is sold
  $ 15,655     $     $  
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding
  $     $     $  
Additional paid-in-capital
  $ 21,936,516     $       $  
Deficit accumulated during the development stage
  $ (19,806,392 )   $ (19,806,392 )   $ (19,806,392 )
                         
Total Stockholders’ Equity
  $ 2,145,779     $     $  
                         
 
 
(1) These columns do not reflect the issuance or exercise of any warrants included within the units sold as part of this offering.


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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
The following selected financial data are derived from our consolidated financial statements. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. You should read the information set forth below in conjunction with the information contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, beginning on page F-1 of this prospectus.
 
                                                         
    Nine Months Ended
                   
Statement of
  September 30,   Years Ended December 31,
Operations Data
  2010   2009   2009   2008   2007   2006   2005
 
Total revenues (grant income)
  $ 4,239,017     $ 3,271,506     $ 3,668,195     $ 2,910,170     $ 237,004     $ 852,905     $ 670,467  
Net loss
  $ (2,268,544 )   $ (2,440,977 )   $ (3,284,252 )   $ (3,728,187 )   $ (4,241,796 )   $ (584,166 )   $ (1,611,086 )
Basic and diluted net loss per common share(1)
  $ (0.14 )   $ (0.16 )   $ (0.22 )   $ (0.25 )   $ (0.30 )   $ (0.07 )   $ (0.26 )
 
                                                         
    September 30,   December 31,
Balance Sheet Data:
  2010   2009   2009   2008   2007   2006   2005
 
Total assets
  $ 2,992,798     $ 4,274,906     $ 4,315,597     $ 3,056,241     $ 3,246,404     $ 2,396,330     $ 1,685,218  
Redeemable convertible preferred stock
  $     $     $     $     $     $     $ 1,016,555  
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
  $ 2,145,779     $ 3,926,132     $ 3,744,232     $ 2,709,819     $ 2,647,866     $ 2,203,216     $ (500,583 )


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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the discussion under “Selected Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus beginning at page F-1. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties because they are based on current expectations and relate to future events and our future financial performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many important factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
Overview
 
GeoVax, a biotechnology company, focuses on developing vaccines to protect against or to treat diseases caused by HIV. We have exclusively licensed vaccine technology from Emory University that was developed at Emory University in collaboration with the NIH and the CDC.
 
Our major ongoing research and development programs are focused on the clinical development of our DNA and MVA vaccines designed for use together in a prime-boost system for the prevention and/or treatment of HIV/AIDS. We are developing two clinical pathways for our vaccine candidates — (i) as a preventative vaccine to prevent or control infection of individuals who are exposed to the HIV virus, and (ii) as a therapeutic vaccine to prevent development of AIDS in those individuals who have already been infected with the HIV virus.
 
Our HIV vaccine candidates have successfully completed pre-clinical efficacy testing in non-human primates and our preventative HIV vaccine candidate has completed Phase 1 clinical testing trials in humans.
 
Our lead preventative vaccine candidate is currently in a Phase 2a clinical trial, being conducted by the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, or the “HVTN”, with funding from the NIH. We expect to complete this trial during 2011.
 
With regard to our therapeutic vaccine candidate, we recently initiated a Phase 1 human clinical trial and are currently recruiting patients. We expect the Phase 1 clinical trial to begin generating vaccine safety and performance data during 2011 with trial completion in the 2012-2013 timeframe.
 
In addition to our clinical development program for our vaccine candidates, we are conducting pre-clinical research on the impact of adding adjuvants (immune system stimulants) to the DNA priming component of our vaccine and have demonstrated improved effectiveness of our vaccine candidates. This work is being funded by the NIH through an Integrated Pre-clinical / Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development Grant, or the IPCAVD, grant to GeoVax. We are currently formulating plans to begin Phase 1 human clinical testing of this product, which may result in a second generation of our preventative HIV vaccine.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and adjusts the estimates as necessary. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.


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Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2009. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by such assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the discounted expected future net cash flows from the assets.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
We recognize revenue in accordance with the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, as amended by Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition, or SAB 104 provides guidance in applying U.S. generally accepted accounting principles to revenue recognition issues, and specifically addresses revenue recognition for upfront, non-refundable fees received in connection with research collaboration agreements. Our revenue consists solely of grant funding received from the NIH. Revenue from this arrangement is approximately equal to the costs incurred and is recorded as income as the related costs are incurred.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
We account for stock-based transactions in which the Company receives services from employees, directors or others in exchange for equity instruments based on the fair value of the award at the grant date. Compensation cost for awards of common stock is estimated based on the price of the underlying common stock on the date of issuance. Compensation cost for stock options or warrants is estimated at the grant date based on each instrument’s fair-value as calculated by the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the award.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
At September 30, 2010, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,426,342 and total assets of $2,992,798, as compared to $3,515,784 and $4,315,597, respectively, at December 31, 2009. Working capital totaled $1,289,966 at September 30, 2010, compared to $3,309,355 at December 31, 2009.
 
Sources and Uses of Cash
 
We are a development-stage company as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 915, “Development Stage Entities” and do not have any products approved for sale. Due to our significant research and development expenditures, we have not been profitable and have generated operating losses since our inception in 2001. Our primary sources of cash are from sales of our equity securities and from government grant funding.
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
Net cash used in operating activities was $1,832,269 for the nine month period ended September 30, 2010, as compared to $1,251,755 for the comparable period in 2009. Net cash used in operating activities was $1,425,150, $2,367,886, and $3,265,743 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Generally, the differences between periods are due to fluctuations in our net losses which, in turn, result from fluctuations in expenditures from our research activities, offset by net changes in our assets and liabilities. The increase from the 2009 period to the 2010 period is also due, in part, to higher legal and other costs associated with the Company’s financing efforts during 2010, including costs associated with a special stockholders meeting to approve the reverse split of our common stock.


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The costs of conducting all of our human clinical trials to date, except for the therapeutic trial, have been borne by the HVTN, funded by the NIH, with GeoVax incurring costs associated with manufacturing the clinical vaccine supplies and other study support. The HVTN and the NIH are bearing the cost of conducting our ongoing Phase 2a human clinical trial, but we cannot predict the level of support we will receive from the HVTN or the NIH for any additional clinical trials.
 
We are currently not receiving any governmental support for our Phase 1 therapeutic vaccine trial, but in July 2010 we applied for certification of our qualified expenditures during 2009 and 2010 (including expenditures for the Phase 1 trial) under the Qualifying Therapeutic Discovery Project (QTDP) program enacted as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. The QTDP program was intended to provide incentive to smaller companies who are focusing on innovative therapeutic discoveries. QTDP grants or tax credits are awarded to companies with fewer than 250 employees for projects related to the treatment or prevention of diseases through the conduct of pre-clinical or clinical studies. Among the determining factors used by the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services in allocating funds were those projects that show potential to produce new therapies, address unmet medical needs, and reduce the long-term growth of healthcare costs. Also taken into consideration were the potential for projects to create and sustain high-quality, high-paying U.S. jobs and to advance U.S. competitiveness in the fields of life, biological and medical sciences. The QTDP program was highly oversubscribed, and in November 2010, we received a cash grant of $244,500 related to our HIV/AIDS vaccine development activities, which is the maximum level allowable per project under the program.
 
Our operations are also partially funded by the IPCAVD grant awarded to us in September 2007 by the NIH to support our HIV/AIDS vaccine program. The project period for the grant, which is renewable annually, covers a five-year period which commenced in October 2007, with an expected annual award of generally between $3 and $4 million per year (approximately $19.4 million in the aggregate). The most recent annual award under the grant is for the period from September 1, 2010 through August 31, 2011 in the amount of $4.9 million. We are utilizing this funding to further our HIV/AIDS vaccine development, optimization and production for human clinical trial testing, primarily with regard to our research into vaccine adjuvants. The funding we receive pursuant to this grant is recorded as revenue at the time the related expenditures are incurred, and thus partially offsets our net losses. As of September 30, 2010, there is approximately $5.2 million remaining from the current and prior grant years’ awards. Assuming that the remaining budgeted amounts under the grant are awarded annually to us, there is an additional $3.8 million available through the grant for the remainder of the original five year project period ending August 31, 2012. If the annual grant does not occur, we will experience a shortfall in anticipated cash flow and will be required to promptly seek other funds to address the shortfall.
 
We intend to pursue additional grants from the federal government. However, as we progress to the later stages of our vaccine development activities, government financial support may be more difficult to obtain, or may not be available at all. Therefore, it will be necessary for us to look to other sources of funding in order to finance our development activities.
 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
 
Our investing activities have consisted predominantly of capital expenditures. There were no capital expenditures during the nine month period ended September 30, 2010. Capital expenditures were $62,733 for the nine month period ended September 30, 2009. Capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, were $270,246, $99,831, and $0, respectively.
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
 
Net cash used by financing activities was $257,173 for the nine month period ended September 30, 2010, as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $2,540,000 for the comparable period in 2009. The cash used by financing activities during the 2010 period relates to costs associated with this offering. The cash generated from financing activities during the 2009 period includes $1,040,000 from the sale of our common stock to an investor pursuant to a stock purchase agreement that provided us the right to sell shares to the


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investor through July 31, 2010, and $1,500,000 from the exercise of a previously outstanding stock purchase warrant which was to expire in September 2009.
 
Net cash provided by financing activities was $3,020,000, $2,668,541, and $3,167,950 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. During 2009, we received $1,500,000 from the exercise of a stock purchase warrant. During 2009 and 2008, we received $1,520,000 and $406,091, respectively, net of associated costs, from the sale of our common stock pursuant to the stock purchase agreement. The remaining cash generated by our financing activities relates to the sale of our common stock and warrants to individual accredited investors.
 
Our capital requirements, particularly as they relate to product research and development, have been and will continue to be significant. We anticipate incurring additional losses for several years as we expand our drug development and clinical programs and proceed into higher cost human clinical trials. Conducting clinical trials for our vaccine candidates in development is a lengthy, time-consuming and expensive process. We will not generate revenues from the sale of our technology or products for at least several years, if at all. For the foreseeable future, we will be dependent on obtaining financing from third parties in order to maintain our operations, including our clinical program. Due to the existing uncertainty in the capital and credit markets, and adverse regional and national economic conditions that may persist or worsen, capital may not be available on terms acceptable to the Company or at all. If we fail to obtain additional funding when needed, we would be forced to scale back or terminate our operations, or to seek to merge with or to be acquired by another company.
 
In any event, we anticipate raising additional capital during the remainder of 2010 or early 2011, although there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so. While we believe that we will be successful in obtaining the necessary financing to fund our operations through grants, this offering, exercise of options and warrants, and/or other sources, there can be no assurances that such additional funding will be available to us on reasonable terms or at all.
 
The units sold in this offering will include only shares and warrants offered by the Company. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully complete the offering, or that we will be able to sell all of the units offered.
 
We believe that our current working capital combined with the proceeds from the IPCAVD grant awarded from the NIH, and without consideration given to net proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to support our planned level of operations into the first quarter of 2011, with no changes to our current business plan. Assuming the minimum amount of units is sold, we expect to have sufficient funding to support our planned operations through mid-2012. Assuming the maximum amount of units is sold, we expect to have sufficient funding to support our planned and expanded operations through at least the end of 2012. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
 
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that are likely or reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
 
Contractual Obligations
 
As of September 30, 2010, we had firm purchase obligations of approximately $501,000 as compared to less than $10,000 at December 31, 2009; the increase relates primarily to initiation of a vaccine manufacturing contract. We have no committed lines of credit and no other committed funding or long-term debt. We entered into a new employment agreement with a newly employed executive officer in January 2010. There have been no other material changes to our contractual obligations since December 31, 2009.


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The following table represents our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2009, aggregated by type (in thousands):
 
                                         
    Payments Due by Period
        Less than
          More than
Contractual Obligations
  Total   1 Year   1-3 Years   4-5 Years   5 years
 
Operating Lease Obligations(1)
  $ 609     $ 115     $ 365     $ 129     $  
Emory University — License Agreement(2)
                             
Total
  $ 609     $ 115     $ 365     $ 129     $  
 
 
(1) Our operating lease obligations relate to the facility lease for our 8,430 square foot facility in Smyrna, Georgia, which houses our laboratory operations and our administrative offices. The lease, which was effective November 1, 2009, expires on December 31, 2014.
 
(2) Pursuant to the Emory License, we have committed to make potential future milestone and royalty payments which are contingent upon the occurrence of future events. Such events include development milestones, regulatory approvals and product sales. Because the achievement of these milestones is currently neither probable nor reasonably estimable, the contingent payments have not been included in the table above or recorded on our consolidated balance sheets. The aggregate total of all potential milestone payments included in the Emory License (excluding royalties on net sales) is approximately $3.5 million.
 
As of December 31, 2009, except as disclosed in the table above, we had no other material firm purchase obligations or commitments for capital expenditures and no committed lines of credit or other committed funding or long-term debt. We have employment agreements with our executive officers and a consulting agreement with the Chairman of our Board of Directors, each of which may be terminated with no more than 90 days advance written notice. The table also excludes budgeted expenses under our two Research Agreements with Emory University which are fully reimbursable to us pursuant to the IPCAVD grant from the NIH and cover a period of less than one year.
 
Net Operating Loss Carryforwards
 
At December 31, 2009, we had consolidated net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes of $72.2 million, which will expire in 2010 through 2029 if not utilized. Approximately $59.7 million of our net operating loss carryforwards relate to the operations of our predecessor, Dauphin Technology, Inc. prior to the 2006 merger between Dauphin Technology, Inc. and GeoVax, Inc. We also have research and development tax credits of $522,000 available to reduce income taxes, if any, which will expire in 2022 through 2028 if not utilized. The amount of net operating loss carryforwards and research tax credits available to reduce income taxes in any particular year may be limited in certain circumstances. Based on an assessment of all available evidence including, but not limited to, our limited operating history in our core business and lack of profitability, uncertainties of the commercial viability of our technology, the impact of government regulation and healthcare reform initiatives, and other risks normally associated with biotechnology companies, we have concluded that it is more likely than not that these net operating loss carryforwards and credits will not be realized and, as a result, a 100% deferred tax valuation allowance has been recorded against these assets.
 
Results of Operations — Nine months ended September 30, 2010 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2009
 
Net Loss
 
We recorded a net loss of $644,666 for the three months ended September 30, 2010 as compared to a net loss of $230,815 for the three months ended September 30, 2009. For the nine months ended September 30, 2010, we recorded a net loss of $2,268,544, as compared to a net loss of $2,440,977 for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. Our net losses typically fluctuate due to the timing of activities and related costs associated with our vaccine research and development activities and our general and administrative costs, as described in more detail below.


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Grant Revenue
 
During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2010 we recorded grant revenue of $1,163,288 and $4,239,017, respectively, as compared to $1,808,551 and $3,271,506, respectively, during the comparable periods of 2009. During 2007, we were awarded the IPCAVD grant by the NIH to support our HIV/AIDS vaccine program. The grant is subject to annual renewal, with the latest grant award covering the period from September 2010 through August 2011 in the amount of $4.9 million.
 
Research and Development
 
During the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2010, we incurred $908,780 and $4,019,931, respectively, of research and development expense as compared to $1,470,200 and $3,530,329, respectively, during the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2009. Research and development expenses can vary considerably on a period-to-period basis, depending on our need for vaccine manufacturing by third parties, and due to fluctuations in the timing of expenditures related to our IPCAVD grant from the NIH. Research and development expense for the three month and nine month periods of 2010 includes stock-based compensation expense of $51,344 and $154,235, respectively, while the comparable periods of 2009 include stock-based compensation expense of $85,439 and $256,316, respectively (see discussion under “Stock-Based Compensation Expense” below). Our research and development costs do not include costs incurred by HVTN in conducting trials of GeoVax vaccines.
 
The overall increase in research and development expense during the nine month period ended September 30, 2010, as compared to the same period in 2009, is due primarily to increased costs associated with activities funded by our IPCAVD grant, vaccine manufacturing costs, and costs associated with initiating a Phase 1 clinical trial for our therapeutic vaccine candidate. We expect that our research and development costs will continue to increase during 2011 and beyond as we progress through the human clinical trial process leading up to possible product approval by the FDA.
 
Our vaccine candidates still require significant, time-consuming and costly research and development, testing and regulatory clearances. Completion of clinical development will take several years or more, but the length of time generally varies substantially according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of a product candidate. The cost of the ongoing Phase 2a clinical trial for our preventative vaccine is being funded by the HVTN, but we cannot be certain whether the HVTN or any other external source will provide funding for further development. We intend to seek government and/or third party support for future clinical human trials, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful. The duration and the cost of future clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of the project as a result of differences arising during development of the human clinical trial protocols, including, among others:
 
  •  the number of patients that ultimately participate in the clinical trial;
 
  •  the duration of patient follow-up that seems appropriate in view of the results;
 
  •  the number of clinical sites included in the clinical trials; and
 
  •  the length of time required to enroll suitable patient subjects.
 
Due to the uncertainty regarding the timing and regulatory approval of clinical trials and pre-clinical studies, our future expenditures are likely to be highly volatile in future periods depending on the outcomes of the trials and studies. From time to time, we will make determinations as to how much funding to direct to these programs in response to their scientific, clinical and regulatory success, anticipated market opportunity and the availability of capital to fund our programs.
 
In developing our product candidates, we are subject to a number of risks that are inherent in the development of products based on innovative technologies. For example, it is possible that our vaccines may be ineffective or toxic, or will otherwise fail to receive the necessary regulatory clearances, causing us to delay, extend or terminate our product development efforts. Any failure by us to obtain, or any delay in obtaining, regulatory approvals could cause our research and development expenditures to increase which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Because of the


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uncertainties of clinical trials, estimating the completion dates or cost to complete our research and development programs is highly speculative and subjective. As a result of these factors, we are unable to accurately estimate the nature, timing and future costs necessary to complete the development of our product candidates. In addition, we are unable to reasonably estimate the period when material net cash inflows could commence from the sale, licensing or commercialization of such product candidates, if ever.
 
General and Administrative Expense
 
During the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2010, we incurred general and administrative costs of $903,850 and $2,508,539, respectively, as compared to $573,906 and $2,203,776, respectively, during the comparable periods in 2009. General and administrative costs include officers’ salaries, legal and accounting costs, patent costs, amortization expense associated with intangible assets, and other general corporate expenses. General and administrative expense for the three month and nine month periods of 2010 include stock-based compensation expense of $115,972 and $427,066, respectively; while the comparable periods of 2009 include stock-based compensation expense of $262,021 and $860,974, respectively (see discussion under “Stock-Based Compensation Expense” below). The overall increase in general and administrative costs during the 2010 periods as compared to the 2009 periods is due to higher legal and other costs associated with the Company’s financing efforts during 2010, including costs associated with a special stockholders meeting to approve the reverse split of our common stock. We expect that our general and administrative costs will increase in the future in support of expanded research and development activities and other general corporate activities.
 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
We recorded stock-based compensation expense of $167,316 and $581,301 during the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2010, respectively, as compared to $347,460 and $1,117,290, respectively, during the comparable periods of 2009. In addition to amounts related to the issuance of stock options to employees, the figures include amounts related to common stock and stock purchase warrants issued to consultants. We allocate stock-based compensation expense to research and development expense or general and administrative expense according to the classification of cash compensation paid to the employee, consultant or director to whom the stock compensation was granted. For the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, stock-based compensation expense was allocated as follows:
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended
       
    September 30,     Nine Months Ended September 30,  
Expense Allocated to:
  2010     2009     2010     2009  
 
General and Administrative Expense
  $ 115,972     $ 262,021     $ 427,066     $ 860,974  
Research and Development Expense
    51,344       85,439       154,235       256,316  
                                 
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense
  $ 167,316     $ 347,460     $ 581,301     $ 1,117,290  
                                 
 
Other Income
 
Interest income for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2010 was $4,676 and $20,909, respectively, as compared to $4,740 and $21,622, respectively, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2009. The variances between periods are attributable to generally lower interest rates, and lower incremental cash balances available for investment during each respective period.
 
Results of Operations — Years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007
 
Net Loss
 
We recorded net losses of $3,284,252, $3,728,187 and $4,241,796 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As noted, our operating results typically fluctuate due to the timing of activities and related costs associated with our vaccine research and development activities and our general and administrative costs.


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Grant Revenue
 
We recorded grant revenues of $3,668,195, $2,910,170 and $237,004 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As of December 31, 2009, there was approximately $4.0 million remaining from the current grant year’s award and (assuming that the remaining budgeted amounts under the grant are awarded annually to the Company) there was an additional $8.6 million available through the grant for the remainder of the original five-year project period ending August 31, 2012.
 
Research and Development
 
Our research and development expenses were $4,068,682, $3,741,489 and $1,757,125 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Research and development expense for these periods includes stock-based compensation expense of $304,654, $494,041 and $284,113 for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
The increase in research and development expense during each of the periods is due primarily to increased costs associated with our vaccine manufacturing activities in preparation for the commencement of Phase 2 clinical trials, costs associated with our activities funded by our NIH grant (especially from the 2007 to the 2008 period, as the grant was awarded to us in September 2007), and higher personnel costs associated with the addition of new scientific personnel.
 
The table below summarizes our research and development expenses for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2009. The amounts shown related to the IPCAVD grant represent all direct costs associated with the grant activities, including salaries and personnel-related expenses, supplies, consulting, contract services and travel. The remainder of our research and development expense is allocated to our general HIV/AIDS vaccine program.
 
                         
R&D Project
  2009     2008     2007  
 
IPCAVD Grant — Vaccine Adjuvants
  $ 2,772,397     $ 2,504,850     $ 215,458  
DNA/MVA Vaccines — HIV/AIDS
    1,296,285       1,236,639       1,541,667  
                         
Total Research and Development Expense
  $ 4,068,682     $ 3,741,489     $ 1,757,125  
                         
 
General and Administrative Expense
 
Our general and administrative expenses were $2,914,845, $2,970,068 and $2,784,182 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. General and administrative expense includes stock-based compensation expense of $994,011, $1,525,008 and $1,234,380 for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively (see discussion below).
 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
We recorded total stock-based compensation expense of $1,298,665, $2,019,049 and $1,518,496 during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, which was allocated to research and development expense or general and administrative expense according to the classification of cash compensation paid to the employee, consultant or director to whom the stock compensation was granted. In addition to amounts related to the issuance of stock options to employees, the figures include amounts related to common stock and stock purchase warrants issued to consultants and non-employee directors. For the three years ended December 31, 2009, stock-based compensation expense was allocated as follows:
 
                         
    2009     2008     2007  
 
General and administrative expense
  $ 994,011     $ 1,525,008     $ 1,234,383  
Research and development expense
    304,654       494,041       284,113  
                         
Total stock-based compensation expense
  $ 1,298,665     $ 2,019,049     $ 1,518,496  
                         


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Other Income
 
Interest income was $31,080, $73,200 and $62,507 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The variances between years are primarily attributable to the cash available for investment and to interest rate fluctuations.
 
Impact of Inflation
 
For the three year period ended December 31, 2009, we do not believe that inflation and changing prices had a material impact on our operations or on our financial results.
 
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
Our exposure to market risk is limited primarily to interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly because a significant portion of our investments are in short-term bank certificates of deposits and institutional money market funds. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income received without significantly increasing risk. Due to the nature of our short-term investments, we believe that we are not subject to any material market risk exposure. We do not have any derivative financial instruments or foreign currency instruments.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have not entered into off-balance sheet financing arrangements other than operating leases.


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BUSINESS
 
Introduction
 
GeoVax is a biotechnology company dedicated to developing vaccines that prevent and fight HIV infections that result in AIDS. We have preventative vaccines being evaluated in a Phase 2a human clinical trial in individuals who are not HIV infected and are currently screening prospective participants to conduct a Phase 1 human therapeutic clinical trial in individuals who are HIV infected.
 
Our preventative vaccines are designed to prevent or control infection by HIV, reduce the rate of disease progression to AIDS and reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Our therapeutic vaccines target viral replication to reduce viral load in HIV infected individuals with a goal of reducing or eliminating the need for anti-HIV medications, and thereby reduce both the cost of treatment and the occurrence of detrimental side effects associated with current drug treatments.
 
Our vaccines are designed to function against the subtype, known as clade B, of the HIV virus that is most prevalent in the developed world. Our vaccines have been shown to induce antibodies and T cells (a type of white blood cell) in Phase 1 human clinical trials. In non-human primate challenge models, the antibodies and T cells elicited by a simian prototype of our vaccine have been shown to protect against mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus infection, the non-human primate version of the HIV virus. Our goals include manufacturing and testing these vaccines consistent with FDA guidelines, conducting human trials for vaccine safety and effectiveness, and obtaining regulatory approvals to advance the development and commercialization of our vaccines.
 
Our preventative vaccine is one of only five vaccine candidates out of more than 80 tested by the HVTN in Phase 1 human clinical trials to have progressed to Phase 2 testing. Based on current enrollment progress, we expect enrollment and inoculations in the Phase 2a clinical trial to be completed during 2011.
 
The IND application we filed with the FDA in late February 2010 to support our request to test our therapeutic vaccine in a Phase 1 human clinical trial is based on promising data from three pilot studies we conducted using therapeutic vaccination in simian immunodeficiency virus infected non-human primates. We expect the Phase 1 clinical trial to begin generating vaccine safety and performance data during 2011 with trial completion in the 2012-2013 timeframe.
 
Our vaccine candidates incorporate two delivery components: a recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, and a recombinant poxvirus, or MVA, both of which deliver genes that encode inactivated HIV derived proteins to the immune system. Both components are designed to support production of non-infectious virus-like particles in vaccinated individuals that prime and boost immune responses. When properly administered in a series, our vaccine candidates induce strong T-cell and antibody responses in non-human primates against multiple HIV proteins.
 
Both the DNA and MVA vaccines contain sufficient HIV genes to support the production of non-infectious virus-like particles in vaccinated humans which display forms of proteins that appear authentic to the immune system. When used together, the recombinant DNA component is used to prime immune responses which are boosted by administration of the recombinant MVA component. In certain settings the recombinant MVA alone may be sufficient for priming and boosting the immune responses.
 
We are also conducting pre-clinical research on the impact of adding adjuvants, which are immune system stimulants, to our vaccine components and have demonstrated improved effectiveness of our vaccine candidates. This work is being funded by the NIH through an IPCAVD grant to GeoVax. Pre-clinical animal trials have been conducted, with very encouraging results. Based on these results, we plan to pursue a second clinical program for the development of the next generation of our HIV/AIDS vaccines.
 
Our primary business is conducted by our subsidiary, GeoVax, Inc., which was incorporated under the laws of Georgia in June 2001. The predecessor of our parent company, GeoVax Labs, Inc. (the reporting entity) was originally incorporated in June 1988 under the laws of Illinois as Dauphin Technology, Inc., or Dauphin. In September 2006, Dauphin completed a merger with GeoVax, Inc. As a result of that merger,


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GeoVax, Inc. became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dauphin, and Dauphin changed its name to GeoVax Labs, Inc. Unless otherwise indicated, information for periods prior to the September 2006 merger is that of GeoVax, Inc. In June 2008, the Company was reincorporated under the laws of Delaware. We currently do not conduct any business other than GeoVax, Inc.’s business of developing new products for the treatment or prevention of human diseases.
 
Overview of HIV/AIDS
 
What is HIV?
 
HIV is a retrovirus that carries its genetic code in the form of ribonucleic acid, or RNA. Retroviruses use RNA and the reverse transcriptase enzyme to create DNA from the RNA template. The HIV-1 virus invades a human cell and produces its viral DNA that is subsequently inserted into the chromosomes, which are the genetic material of a cell. HIV preferentially infects and replicates T-cells, which are a type of white blood cell. Infection of T-cells alters them from immunity mediating cells to cells that produce and release HIV. This process results in the destruction of the immune defense system of infected individuals and ultimately, the development of AIDS.
 
There are several AIDS-causing HIV virus subtypes, or clades, that are found in different regions of the world. These clades are identified as clade A, clade B and so on. The predominant clade found in Europe, North America, parts of South America, Japan and Australia is clade B whereas the predominant clades in Africa are clades A and C. In India the predominant clade is clade C. Each clade differs by at least 20% with respect to its genetic sequence from other clades. These differences may mean that vaccines or treatments developed against HIV of one clade may only be partially effective or ineffective against HIV of other clades. Thus there is often a geographical focus to designing and developing vaccines suited for the local clade.
 
HIV, even within clades, has a high rate of mutation that supports a significant level of genetic variation. In drug treatment programs, virus mutation can result in the development of drug resistance, referred to as virus drug escape, thereby rendering drug therapy ineffective. Hence, we believe that multi-drug therapy is very important. If several drugs are active against virus replication, the virus must undergo multiple simultaneous mutations to escape, which is less likely. The same is true for immune responses. HIV can escape single targeted immune responses. However, our scientists believe if an immune response is directed against multiple targets, which are referred to as epitopes, virus escape is much less frequent. Vaccination against more than one of the proteins found in HIV increases the number of targets for the immune response as well as the chance that HIV will not escape the vaccine-stimulated immune response, thus resulting in protection against infection or the development of clinical AIDS once infection occurs.
 
What is AIDS?
 
AIDS is the final, life-threatening stage of infection with the virus known as HIV. Infection with HIV severely damages the immune system, the body’s defense against disease. HIV infects and gradually destroys T-cells and macrophages, which are white blood cells that play key roles in protecting humans against infectious disease caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and other micro-organisms.
 
Opportunistic infections by organisms, normally posing no problem for control by a healthy immune system, can ravage persons with immune systems damaged by HIV infections. Destruction of the immune system occurs over years. The average onset of the clinical disease recognized as AIDS occurs after three to ten years of HIV infection if the virus is not treated effectively with drugs, but the time to developing AIDS is highly variable.
 
AIDS in humans was first identified in the United States in 1981, but researchers believe that it was present in Central Africa as early as 1959. AIDS is most often transmitted sexually from one person to another but it is also transmitted by blood in shared needles and through pregnancy and childbirth. Heterosexual activity is the most frequent route of transmission worldwide.
 
The level of virus in blood, known as viral load, is the best indicator of the speed with which an individual will progress to AIDS, as well as the frequency with which an individual will spread infection. An


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estimated 1% or fewer of those infected have low enough levels of the virus to preclude progression to AIDS and to not transmit the infection. These individuals are commonly called long-term non-progressors.
 
AIDS is considered by many in the scientific and medical community to be the most lethal infectious disease in the world. According to the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic published by UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, the total number of people living with HIV is 33.4 million globally with approximately 2.7 million newly infected in 2008 alone. Approximately 25 million people infected with HIV have died since the start of the HIV pandemic in 1981. The United States currently suffers about 56,000 infections per year with the highest rates found in Washington, D.C., where an estimated 3% of the population is infected, which is a prevalence rate higher than in some developing countries. According to International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, or the IAVI, in a model developed with Advanced Marketing Commitment dated June 2005, the global market for a safe and effective AIDS vaccine is estimated at approximately $4 billion.
 
At present, the standard approach to treating HIV infection is to decrease viral replication rates through the use of combinations of drugs. Available drugs include reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integration inhibitors and inhibitors of cell entry to block multiple essential steps in virus replication. However, HIV is prone to genetic changes that can produce strains that are resistant to currently approved drugs. When HIV acquires resistance to one drug within a class, it can often become resistant to the entire class, meaning that it may be impossible to re-establish control of a genetically altered strain by substituting different drugs in the same class. Furthermore, these treatments continue to have significant limitations which include toxicity, patient non-adherence to the treatment regimens and cost. As a result, over time, many patients develop intolerance to these medications or simply give up taking the medications due to the side effects.
 
According to the IAVI, the cost and complexity of new treatment advances for AIDS puts them out of reach for most people in the countries where treatment is most needed, and as noted above, in industrialized nations, where drugs are more readily available, side effects and increased rates of viral resistance have raised concerns about their long term use. AIDS vaccines, therefore, are seen by many as the most promising way to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic. It is expected that vaccines for HIV/AIDS, once developed, will be used worldwide by any organization that provides health care services, including hospitals, medical clinics, the military, prisons and schools.
 
HIV/AIDS Vaccines Being Developed by GeoVax
 
Our vaccines, initially developed by our Chief Scientific Officer, Dr. Harriet L. Robinson at Emory University in collaboration with scientists at the NIH, the NIAID and the CDC, incorporate two vaccine delivery components: (1) a recombinant DNA and (2) a recombinant poxvirus, known as MVA, both of which deliver genes that encode inactivated HIV derived proteins to the immune system. Both the DNA and MVA vaccines contain sufficient HIV genes to support the production of non-infectious virus-like particles in vaccinated humans which display forms of proteins that appear authentic to the immune system. When used together, the recombinant DNA component is used to prime immune responses which are boosted by administration of the recombinant MVA component. However, in certain settings the recombinant MVA alone may be sufficient for priming and boosting the immune responses.
 
Our initial work focused on the development of a preventative vaccine for use in uninfected humans to limit infection, disease and transmission should they be exposed to the virus. In 2008, we undertook the development of a therapeutic vaccine for use in HIV infected humans to supplement approved drug regimens. For both preventative and therapeutic applications, our current focus is on a vaccine for use against clade B, which is common in the United States and the industrially developed world. However, if efficacy is documented against clade B, we plan to develop vaccines designed for use to combat the subtypes that predominate in developing countries, including clades A, C and AG recombinant.
 
Induction of T-cell and Antibody Immune Responses
 
Our vaccines induce T-cell and antibody immune responses against two major HIV proteins, the Gag protein and envelope glycoprotein, or Env. The induction of both antibodies and T-cells is beneficial because


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these immune responses work through different mechanisms. Antibodies can block viruses from infecting cells. The avidity, or tightness, of antibody binding to the Env of HIV correlates with reduced levels of virus replication in experiments completed using non-human primates. This result most likely reflects a tightly bound antibody that is blocking HIV infection as well as tagging the virus for destruction. The MVA vaccine also induces HIV specific IgA, which functions to protect mucosal surfaces and can be measured in rectal secretions. Both vaccines elicit CD8 T-cells, a type of T-cell that can recognize and kill cells that become infected by virus. CD8 T-cells are important for the control of the virus that has established an infection.
 
DNA and MVA as Vaccine Vectors
 
The availability of DNA and MVA vaccine delivery vectors provides GeoVax with the means to design combination vaccines to induce different patterns of T-cell and antibody responses. Specifically, the use of DNA to prime immune responses and MVA to boost immune responses elicits higher levels of T-cells and thus this format is well-suited for either preventative or therapeutic uses. Alternatively, the use of MVA alone to both prime and boost the immune response elicits higher levels of antibodies and is therefore well-suited for use in prevention.
 
MVA was selected for use as a viral vaccine because of its well established safety record and because of the ability of recombinants of this vector to carry other viral proteins to induce protective responses for a number of viral diseases. These effects were demonstrated in pre-clinical animal models. MVA was originally developed as a safer smallpox vaccine for use in immune compromised humans by further attenuating the standard smallpox vaccine. The attenuation, or loss of disease causing ability, was accomplished by making over 500 passages of the virus in chicken embryos or chick embryo fibroblasts which resulted in large genomic deletions. These deletions affected the ability of MVA to replicate in human cells, which is the cause of safety problems, but did not compromise the ability of MVA to grow on avian cells that are used for manufacturing the virus. The deletions also resulted in the loss of immune evasion genes which assist the spread of wild type smallpox infections, even in the presence of human immune responses. MVA was safely administered to over 120,000 people in the 1970s to protect them against smallpox.
 
While GeoVax’s DNA and MVA vaccines express over 66% of the HIV protein components and thus, are designed to stimulate immune responses with significant breadth, the vaccines cannot cause an HIV infection or AIDS because they do not produce the complete virus. We believe that the vaccines could provide multi-target protection against the AIDS virus, thus preventing infection and in those that do become infected, limiting virus escape, large scale viral replication and the onset of clinical signs of AIDS.
 
Pre-clinical Studies
 
During the development of our vaccines, multiple efficacy trials were conducted using rhesus macaques, a species of non-human primates, infected with experimental viruses that cause AIDS-like disease in these animals. The experimental data produced by these trials documented the ability of prototypes of our vaccines to induce immune responses that can prevent infection as well as reduce the levels of viral replication in those animals that become infected, depending on the experimental design of the trials. For example, challenge studies completed by infecting animals using the rectal route and a dose estimated to be 40 to 400 times the typical human challenge dose were used to demonstrate that vaccination using our adjuvant product can prevent, not just control, infections in approximately 70% of the animals, even after 12 experimental challenges. For therapeutic studies, rhesus macaques were infected with the virus, placed on antiretroviral drugs, which mimic those used in humans, and vaccinated prior to ceasing drug therapy. Animals that were removed from drug therapy without vaccination experienced viral rebounds to the levels found prior to drug therapy whereas vaccinated animals had virus replication at reduced levels, some of which approached 1000-fold reductions.
 
Based on the findings obtained from our preventative vaccination studies in animals, the FDA allowed the vaccines to be tested in Phase 1 clinical trials in HIV uninfected humans. The use of the vaccines for a therapeutic in HIV infected humans has also recently been allowed by the FDA, and this trial is ongoing.


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Preventative Vaccine — Phase 1 Human Clinical Trials
 
All of our preventative vaccination trials in humans have been conducted by the HVTN, a network that is funded and supported by the NIH. The HVTN is the largest worldwide clinical trials network focused on the development and testing of HIV/AIDS vaccines. The GeoVax vaccine tested by the HVTN is designed for use where clade B infections are most common, specifically in North America, parts of South America and Western Europe. In our first Phase 1 clinical trial, HVTN 045, our DNA vaccine was tested alone to document its safety and immunogenicity. Our second Phase 1 clinical trial, HVTN 065, was designed to test the combined use of DNA and MVA and consisted of a dose escalation for DNA delivered at 0 and 8 weeks and MVA delivered at 16 and 24 weeks, a DDMM regimen. The low dose consisted of 0.3 mg of DNA and 1x107 tissue culture infectious doses (TCID 50 ) of MVA. Once safety was demonstrated for the low dose in 10 participants, the full dose (3 mg of DNA and 1x108 TCID 50 of MVA) was administered to 30 participants. A single dose of DNA at time 0 followed by MVA at weeks 8 and 24, a DMM regimen, and three doses of MVA administered at weeks 0, 8 and 24, an MMM regimen, were also tested in 30 participants each. Participants were followed for 12 months to assess vaccine safety and to measure vaccine-induced immune responses measurements.
 
Data from the HVTN 065 trial again documented the safety of the vaccine products but also showed that the DDMM and MMM regimens induced different patterns of immune responses. The full dose DDMM regimen induced higher response rates of CD4+ T-cells (77%) and CD8+ T-cells (42%) compared to the MMM regimen (43% CD4+ and 17% CD8+ response rates). In contrast, the highest response rates and highest titers of antibodies to the HIV Env protein were induced in the group that received only the MVA using the MMM regimen. Antibody response rates were documented to be higher for the MMM group using three different assays designed to measure total binding antibody levels for an immune dominant portion of the Env protein (27% for DDMM and 75% for MMM), binding of antibodies to the form of Env very similar to the form in the vaccines, designated ADA gp140, (81% for DDMM and 86% for MMM) and neutralizing antibodies (7% for DDMM and 30% for MMM). The 1/10th dose DDMM regimen induced overall similar T-cell responses but reduced antibody responses while the response rates were intermediate in the DMM group.
 
Preventative Vaccine — Phase 2 Human Clinical Trials
 
Based on the safety and the immunogenicity results in the HVTN 045 and HVTN 065 trials, the use of two full dose DNA priming immunizations followed by two full dose MVA booster immunizations was selected for initial testing by the HVTN in a Phase 2a trial (designated HVTN 205) which commenced patient enrollment in February 2009. While more than 80 experimental HIV vaccines have been completed by the HVTN in Phase 1 clinical trials, only five vaccine candidates, including the GeoVax vaccine candidate, have progressed to Phase 2 clinical trials since 1992. The Phase 2a clinical trial is designed to produce a larger database of safety and immunogenicity data in low risk individuals before proceeding to a Phase 2b clinical trial in high risk individuals.
 
The HVTN 205 trial was originally designed to test only the DDMM regimen, which consists of two DNA primes followed by two MVA boosts, but has been amended to include testing the MVA priming and boosting regimen, or MMM, using an additional 75 participants. The addition of an amendment to add the MMM arm was triggered by two factors:
 
  •  the success of the U.S. Military-Thailand Phase 3 clinical trial, the first successful HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial, which was completed with a vaccine component that did not elicit high T-cell responses; and
 
  •  recent data from our ongoing studies in non-human primates showing that the MMM vaccine protected as well as the more complex DDMM regimen against infection by repeated challenge using the rectal route.
 
We expect the enrollment and inoculations for the expanded Phase 2a clinical trial to be completed in 2011.
 
Assuming the vaccine safety and immunogenicity profiles remain promising, the next stage will be a Phase 2b proof-of-concept clinical trial in high-risk individuals for the purpose of determining effectiveness of


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protecting people from HIV infection. GeoVax is currently manufacturing vaccine material for this clinical trial so that progression through the development path can proceed smoothly.
 
Therapeutic Vaccine — Phase 1 Human Clinical Trials
 
To help serve those people who are already infected with HIV, the Company is testing its vaccine for the ability to supplement, or even supplant, the need for antiretroviral therapeutic drugs in HIV-infected individuals. Antiretroviral therapeutic drugs, which are taken for life by individuals once infected with HIV, have side effects and are expensive, costing on average $18,000 per year. Thus the need for improved therapies is well known.
 
In July 2008, we reported summary data from three pilot studies on therapeutic vaccination in simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV, infected non-human primates. The vaccine used in these pilot studies was specific for SIV but with the design features of our HIV/AIDS vaccine. In these pilot studies, conducted at Yerkes National Primate Research Center of Emory University, the immune systems of a subset of the infected and then vaccinated animals were able to control the infection; specifically 100 to 1000 fold reductions in viral levels post the cessation of drugs were observed. Based on these results, in late February 2010, we filed an IND with the FDA to support Phase 1 clinical trials in HIV infected individuals. The Company received permission to begin the clinical trial, initiated the study and we are currently enrolling patients. This initial trial will be conducted in Atlanta and will enroll individuals who began successful antiretroviral therapeutic drug treatment within the first year of HIV infection. The goal of this clinical trial is to document the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine using the DDMM regimen in patients with well-controlled infections. We expect the Phase 1 clinical trial to begin generating vaccine safety and performance data during 2011, with trial completion in the 2012-2013 timeframe.
 
Pre-clinical preventative studies using Granulocyte/Monocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)
 
GeoVax’s research pipeline includes the use of adjuvants, which are agents that improve vaccine efficacy, together with its DNA/MVA vaccine. One of these, GM-CSF, is a protein produced as a normal function of immune responses. GM-CSF has been used with success in non-human primate experiments wherein the rate for preventing infection by a total of twelve moderate dose challenges through the rectal site was increased. Specifically, using the DDMM regimen and a DNA vaccine co-expressing GM-CSF resulted in an increased protection rate from approximately 25% to 70%. This work is being funded by the NIH through an IPCAVD grant to GeoVax. Pre-clinical animal trials have been conducted with very encouraging results and we plan to pursue a second clinical program for the development of the next generation of our HIV/AIDS vaccines. We have completed preliminary discussions with the FDA and plan to submit an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for this vaccine during 2011. We intend to initiate a Phase 1 human clinical trial for this vaccine as soon as practicable following approval of our IND application by the FDA.
 
Support from the Federal Government
 
All of our Phase 1 human clinical trials to date, and our ongoing Phase 2a clinical trial, with the exception of the therapeutic clinical trial, have been conducted by the HVTN and funded by NIH-NIAID. Our responsibility for these clinical trials has been to provide sufficient supplies of vaccine materials and technical expertise when necessary.
 
In September 2007, we were the recipient of the IPCAVD grant to support our HIV/AIDS vaccine program, which was subsequently amended such that the total award now totals approximately $19.4 million. This grant was awarded by the NIH-NIAID. The project period for the grant is over the five-year period that commenced in October 2007. The grant is subject to annual renewal with the latest grant award covering the period from 2010 through August 2011. Only meritorious HIV/AIDS prevention vaccine candidates are considered to receive an IPCAVD award. Candidate companies are highly scrutinized and must supply substantial positive AIDS vaccine data to support their application. IPCAVD grants are awarded on a competitive basis and are designed to support later stage vaccine research, development and human trials. We are utilizing this funding to further our HIV/AIDS vaccine development, optimization and production, including the GM-CSF adjuvant program.


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Government Regulation
 
Regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other countries is a significant factor in our ongoing research and development activities and in the manufacture of our products under development. Complying with these regulations involves a considerable amount of time and expense.
 
In the United States, drugs are subject to rigorous federal and state regulation. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, or the FDC Act, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, and other federal and state statutes and regulations govern, among other things, the testing, manufacture, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, advertising and promotion of medications and medical devices. Product development and approval within this regulatory framework is difficult to predict, takes a number of years and involves great expense.
 
The steps required before a pharmaceutical agent may be marketed in the United States include:
 
  •  pre-clinical laboratory tests, in vivo pre-clinical studies and formulation studies;
 
  •  the submission to the FDA of an IND application for human clinical testing which must become effective before human clinical trials can commence;
 
  •  adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the product;
 
  •  the submission of a New Drug Application to the FDA; and
 
  •  FDA approval of the New Drug Application prior to any commercial sale or shipment of the product.
 
Each of these steps is described further below.
 
In addition to obtaining FDA approval for each product, each domestic manufacturing establishment must be registered with, and approved by, the FDA. Domestic manufacturing establishments are subject to biennial inspections by the FDA and must comply with the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices for products, drugs and devices.
 
Pre-Clinical Testing
 
Pre-clinical testing includes laboratory evaluation of chemistry and formulation, as well as cell culture and animal studies to assess the safety and potential efficacy of the product. Pre-clinical safety tests must be conducted by laboratories that comply with the FDA’s Good Laboratory Practices, or GLP. The results of pre-clinical testing are submitted to the FDA as part of the IND application and are reviewed by the FDA prior to the commencement of human clinical trials. Unless the FDA objects to an IND, the IND becomes effective 30 days following its receipt by the FDA.
 
Clinical Trials
 
Clinical trials involve the administration of the HIV vaccines to volunteers or to patients under the supervision of a qualified, medically trained principal investigator. Clinical trials are conducted in accordance with the GCP under protocols that detail the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used to monitor safety and the efficacy criteria to be evaluated. Each protocol must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND. Further, each clinical trial must be conducted under the auspices of an independent institutional review board at the institution where the trial will be conducted. The institutional review board will consider, among other things, ethical factors, the safety of human subjects and the possible liability of the institution.
 
Clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap. In the Phase 1 clinical trial, the initial introduction of the product into healthy human subjects, the vaccine is tested for safety (including adverse side effects) and dosage tolerance. The Phase 2 clinical trial is the proof of principal stage and involves trials in a limited patient population to determine whether the product induces the desired effect (for vaccine this means immune responses) and to better determine optimal dosage. The continued identification of possible safety risks is also a focus. When there is evidence that the product may be effective and has an acceptable safety profile in Phase 2 clinical trials, Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate


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clinical efficacy and to test for safety within an expanded patient population. Phase 3 trials are completed using multiple clinical study sites which are geographically dispersed. The manufacturer or the FDA may suspend clinical trials at any time if either believes that the individuals participating in the trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks.
 
New Drug Application and FDA Approval Process
 
The results and details of the pre-clinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to the FDA in the form of a New Drug Application. If the New Drug Application is approved, the manufacturer may market the product in the United States.
 
International Approval
 
Whether or not the FDA has approved the drug, approval of a product by regulatory authorities in foreign countries must be obtained prior to the commencement of commercial sales of the drug in such countries. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials and drug approvals vary widely from country to country, and the time required for approval may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval.
 
Other Regulations
 
In addition to FDA regulations, our business activities may also be regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Environmental Protection Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and other present and potential future federal, state or local regulations. Violations of regulatory requirements at any stage may result in various adverse consequences, including regulatory delay in approving or refusal to approve a product, enforcement actions, including withdrawal of approval, labeling restrictions, seizure of products, fines, injunctions and/or civil or criminal penalties. Any product that we develop must receive all relevant regulatory approvals or clearances before it may be marketed.
 
Competition
 
There currently is no FDA licensed and commercialized HIV/AIDS vaccine or competitive vaccine available in the world market.
 
There are several small and large biopharmaceutical companies pursuing HIV/AIDS vaccine research and development, including Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, GlaxoSmithKline and the NIH Vaccine Research Center. Other HIV/AIDS vaccines are in varying stages of research, testing and clinical trials including those supported by the IAVI, the European Vaccine Initiative, and the South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Following the reported failure of the vaccine developed by Merck & Co., Inc. in September 2007, Merck & Co., Inc.’s vaccine program and the NIH Vaccine Research Center vaccine program, both of which use Ad5 vectors, were placed on hold. Since then, the NIH Vaccine Research Center product has moved into an experimental Phase 2b clinical trial to learn more about immune responses and AIDS control. This clinical trial has been restricted to individuals who do not have high levels of antibodies to the Ad5 vector used in the vaccine (approximately 50% of U.S. citizens) and to men who are circumcised.
 
In October 2009, the results from a Phase 3 community-based clinical trial in Thailand using a recombinant canarypox (designated ALVAC and produced by Sanofi Pasteur) as a priming vaccine and a bivalent mixture of the gp120 subunit of Env from HIV clades B and C (produced by Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases) as a protein booster vaccine were reported. In this clinical trial, protection against HIV infection at the rate of 31% was reported. This level of protection was significant in a “modified intent to treat” analysis in which the seven participants in the 16,500 person trial who had become infected by the day of the first inoculation were excluded. The results of this clinical trial are encouraging because they represent the first success of an AIDS vaccine in humans and demonstrate that a vaccine can provide protection against HIV infections.
 
To our knowledge, none of our competitors’ products have been tested in large scale non-human primate trials that have included experimental infection through the rectal site and shown to induce levels of protection


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or duration of protection comparable to that achieved using experimental prototypes of GeoVax’s vaccines. Furthermore, many of our competitors’ vaccine development programs require vaccine compositions which are more complicated than ours. For these reasons, we believe that it may be possible for our vaccine to compete successfully in the marketplace if licensed.
 
Overall, the biopharmaceutical industry is competitive and subject to rapid and substantial technological change. Developments by others may render our proposed vaccination technologies noncompetitive or obsolete, or we may be unable to keep pace with technological developments or other market factors. Technological competition in the industry from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, universities, governmental entities and others diversifying into the field is intense and is expected to increase. Many of the pharmaceutical companies that compete with us have significantly greater research and development capabilities than we have, as well as substantially more marketing, manufacturing, and financial resources. In addition, acquisitions of, or investments in, small pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies by such large corporations could increase their research, financial, marketing, manufacturing and other resources. Competitor technologies may ultimately prove to be safer, more effective or less costly than any vaccine that we develop.
 
FDA and other regulatory approvals of our vaccines have not yet been obtained and we have not yet generated any revenues from product sales. Our future competitive position depends on our ability to obtain FDA and other regulatory approvals of our vaccines and to license or sell the vaccines to third parties on favorable terms.
 
Intellectual Property
 
We will be able to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our proprietary rights are described by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. Accordingly, we are pursuing and will continue to pursue patent protection for our proprietary technologies developed through our collaborations with Emory University, the NIH, and the CDC, or developed by us alone. Patent applications have been filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in specific international markets (countries). Patent applications include provisions to cover our DNA and MVA based HIV vaccines, their genetic inserts expressing multiple HIV protein components, composition, structure, claim of immunization against multiple subtypes of HIV, routes of administration, safety and other related factors. Patent claims filed for our vaccines include provisions for their therapeutic and prophylactic use against HIV and smallpox.
 
We are the exclusive, worldwide licensee of a number of patents and patent applications, which we refer to as the Emory Technology, owned, licensed or otherwise controlled by Emory University for HIV or smallpox vaccines pursuant to a License Agreement originally entered into on August 23, 2002 and restated on June 23, 2004, which we refer to as the Emory License. Through the Emory License we are also a non-exclusive licensee of four issued United States patents owned by the NIH related to the ability of our MVA vector vaccine to operate as a vehicle to deliver HIV virus antigens, and also to induce an immune response in humans. The four issued United States patents owned by the NIH expire in 2023. All of our obligations with respect to the NIH-owned MVA patents are covered by the Emory License. In addition to the issued United States patents owned by the NIH, and a recently issued patent owned by Emory University, there are five pending United States patent applications, 29 issued or pending patents in countries other than the United States. The Emory License expires on the expiration date of the last to expire of the patents licensed thereunder including those that are issued on patents currently pending. We will not know the final termination date of the Emory License until such patents are issued. The Company may terminate the Emory University License upon 90 days’ written notice. The Emory License also contains standard provisions allowing Emory University to terminate upon breach of contract by the Company or upon the Company’s bankruptcy.
 
The Emory License, among other contractual obligations, requires payments based on the following:
 
  •  Milestone Payments.  An aggregate of $3,450,000 is potentially due to Emory University in the future upon the achievement of clinical development and regulatory approval milestones as defined in the Emory License. To date, we have paid a nominal milestone fee upon entering Phase 2 clinical trials for our preventative HIV/AIDS vaccine.


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  •  Maintenance Fees.  The Company has achieved the specified milestones and met its obligations with regard to the related payments, and no maintenance fees are (or will be) owed to Emory University.
 
  •  Royalties.  Upon commercialization of products covered by the Emory License, we will owe royalties to Emory University of between 5% and 7.5%, depending on annual sales volume, of net sales made directly by GeoVax. The Emory License also requires minimum annual royalty payments of $3 million in the third year following product launch, increasing annually to $12 million in the sixth year.
 
  •  Sublicense Royalties.  In the event that we sublicense a covered product to a third party, we will owe royalties to Emory University based on all payments, cash or noncash, that we receive from our sublicensees. Those royalties will be 19% of all sublicensing consideration we receive prior the first commercial sale of a related product. Commencing with the first commercial sale, the royalty owed to Emory University will be 27.5% of all sublicensing consideration we receive.
 
  •  Patent Reimbursements.  During the term of the Emory License we are obligated to reimburse Emory University for ongoing third party costs in connection with the filing, prosecution and maintenance of patent applications subject to the Emory License. The expense associated with these ongoing patent cost reimbursements to Emory University amounted to $85,673, $102,141, and $243,653 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
We may only use the Emory Technology for therapeutic or prophylactic HIV or smallpox vaccines. Emory University also reserved the right to use the Emory Technology for research, educational and non-commercial clinical purposes. Due to the use of federal funds in the development of the Emory Technology, the U.S. Government has the irrevocable, royalty-free, paid-up right to practice and have practiced certain patents throughout the world, should it choose to exercise such rights.
 
We are not a party to any litigation, opposition, interference, or other potentially adverse proceeding with regard to our patent positions. However, if we become involved in litigation, interference proceedings, oppositions or other intellectual property proceedings, for example as a result of an alleged infringement or a third-party alleging an earlier date of invention, we may have to spend significant amounts of money and time and, in the event of an adverse ruling, we could be subject to liability for damages, invalidation of our intellectual property and injunctive relief that could prevent us from using technologies or developing products, any of which could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial conditions or results of operations. In addition, any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights, or earlier date of invention, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation, lengthy governmental proceedings, divert management’s attention and resources and require us to enter royalty or license agreements which are not advantageous if available at all.
 
We are also the exclusive licensee of five patents from MFD, Inc., which we refer to as the MFD Patents, pursuant to a license agreement dated December 26, 2004 with MFD, Inc., which we refer to as the MFD license agreement, related to certain manufacturing processes used in the production of our vaccines. Pursuant to the MFD license agreement, we obtained a fully paid, worldwide, irrevocable, exclusive license in and to the MFD Patents to use, market, offer for sale, sell, lease and import any AIDS and smallpox vaccine made with GeoVax Technology, as such term is defined in the MFD license agreement, and non-exclusive rights for other products. The term of the MFD license agreement ends on the expiration date of the last to expire of the MFD Patents, one of which expires in 2017. The license granted also extends to any and all current or future customers of GeoVax the right to commercially practice the GeoVax Technology, as such term is defined in the MFD license agreement, or any portion thereof. The license also extends to any and all current or future GeoVax Users, as such term is defined in the MFD license agreement, the right to use any GeoVax Technology, as such term is defined in the MFD license agreement.
 
In addition to patent protection, we also attempt to protect our proprietary products, processes and other information by relying on trade secrets and non-disclosure agreements with our employees, consultants and certain other persons who have access to such products, processes and information. Under these agreements, all inventions conceived by employees are our exclusive property. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that


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these agreements will afford significant protection against misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of our trade secrets and confidential information.
 
We cannot be certain that any of the current pending patent applications we have licensed, or any new patent applications we may file or license, will ever be issued in the United States or any other country. Even if issued, there can be no assurance that those patents will be sufficiently broad to prevent others from using our products or processes. Furthermore, our patents, as well as those we have licensed or may license in the future, may be held invalid or unenforceable by a court, or third parties could obtain patents that we would need to either license or to design around, which we may be unable to do. Current and future competitors may have licensed or filed patent applications or received patents, and may acquire additional patents or proprietary rights relating to products or processes competitive to ours. In addition, any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights, or earlier date of invention, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation, lengthy governmental proceedings, divert management’s attention and resources and require us to enter royalty or license agreements which are not advantageous to us, if available at all.
 
Manufacturing
 
We do not have the facilities or expertise to manufacture any of the clinical or commercial supplies of any of our products. To be successful, our products must be manufactured in commercial quantities in compliance with regulatory requirements and at an acceptable cost. To date, we have not commercialized any products, nor have we demonstrated that we can manufacture commercial quantities of our product candidates in accordance with regulatory requirements. If we cannot manufacture products in suitable quantities and in accordance with regulatory standards, either on our own or through contracts with third parties, it may delay clinical trials, regulatory approvals and marketing efforts for such products. Such delays could adversely affect our competitive position and our chances of achieving profitability. We cannot be sure that we can manufacture, either on our own or through contracts with third parties, such products at a cost or in quantities which are commercially viable.
 
We currently rely and intend to continue to rely on third-party contract manufacturers to produce vaccines needed for research and clinical trials. We have entered into arrangements with third party manufacturers for the supply of our DNA and MVA vaccines for use in our planned clinical trials. These suppliers operate under the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices and similar regulations of the European Medicines Agency. We anticipate that these suppliers will be able to provide sufficient vaccine supplies to complete our currently planned clinical trials. Various contractors are generally available in the United States and Europe for manufacture of vaccines for clinical trial evaluation, however, it may be difficult to replace existing contractors for certain manufacturing and testing activities and costs for contracted services may increase substantially if we switch to other contractors.
 
Research and Development
 
Our expenditures for research and development activities were approximately $4,069,000, $3,741,000 and $1,757,000 during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As our vaccines continue to go through the process to obtain regulatory approval, we expect our research and development costs to continue to increase significantly as even larger human clinical trials proceed in the United States and foreign countries. We have not yet formulated any plans for marketing and sales of any vaccine candidate we may successfully develop. Compliance with environmental protection laws and regulations has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position to date.
 
Properties
 
We lease approximately 8,400 square feet of office and laboratory space located at 1900 Lake Park Drive, Suite 380, Smyrna, Georgia under a 62 month lease agreement which began November 1, 2009.


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Legal Proceedings
 
We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings. We may from time to time become involved in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.
 
Employees
 
As of November 30, 2010, we had thirteen full-time and two part-time employees. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements and we believe that our employee relations are good.


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DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
 
Directors and Executive Officers
 
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our directors and executive officers.
 
             
Name
 
Age
 
Current Position
 
Donald G. Hildebrand
    69     Chairman of the Board of Directors
Robert T. McNally, Ph.D. 
    62     President and Chief Executive Officer, Director
Mark J. Newman, Ph.D. 
    55     Vice President, Research and Development
Mark W. Reynolds, CPA
    49     Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary
Harriet L. Robinson, Ph.D. 
    72     Chief Scientific Officer, Director
Steven S. Antebi(1)(2)
    67     Director
David A. Dodd(1)(3)
    61     Director
Dean G. Kollintzas(1)(2)(3)
    37     Director
John N. Spencer, Jr., CPA(2)(3)
    70     Director
 
 
(1) Member of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
 
(2) Member of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
 
(3) Member of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors.
 
Donald G. Hildebrand.  Mr. Hildebrand joined the Board of Directors as Chairman and became our President and Chief Executive Officer upon consummation of the merger with GeoVax, Inc. in September 2006. Effective April 1, 2008, upon the appointment of Dr. Robert T. McNally as our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Hildebrand executed a consulting agreement with the Company and remained as Chairman of the Board. Mr. Hildebrand is a founder of GeoVax, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary, and served as its President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of its Board of Directors from its inception in 2001 to April 2008. Prior to founding GeoVax, Mr. Hildebrand was North American President and Chief Executive Officer of Rhone Merieux, Inc., a subsidiary of Rhone Merieux, S.A., a world leader in the biopharmaceutical and animal health industries. In 1997, Mr. Hildebrand also became Global Vice President of Merial Limited, a position that he held until retiring in 2000. Mr. Hildebrand received his bachelor of science in microbiology from the University of Wisconsin. The Board of Directors has concluded that Mr. Hildebrand should serve on the Board of Directors by virtue of his prior experience in the vaccine industry and his intimate knowledge of the Company’s history and technology resulting from his prior service as its President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Hildebrand has informed the Board of Directors that he is resigning as Chairman, effective January 1, 2011.
 
Robert T. McNally, Ph.D.  Dr. McNally joined the Board of Directors in December 2006 and was appointed as our President and Chief Executive Officer effective April 1, 2008. From 2000 to March 2008, Dr. McNally served as Chief Executive Officer of Cell Dynamics LLC, a cGMP laboratory services company. Previously, Dr. McNally was Senior Vice President of Clinical Research for CryoLife, Inc., a pioneering company in transplantable human tissues. Dr. McNally is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, serves on the advisory boards of the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Dupree College of Management at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and is a former Chairman of Georgia Bio, a trade association. Dr. McNally graduated with a Ph.D. in biomedical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania. The Board of Directors has concluded that Dr. McNally should serve on its Board of Directors by virtue of his prior business and scientific experience, including his experience as Chief Executive Officer of Cell Dynamics, LLC and as Senior Vice President of Clinical Research for CryoLife, Inc., and due to his intimate involvement with the Company’s ongoing operations as its President and Chief Executive Officer.
 
Mark J. Newman, Ph.D.  Dr. Newman joined the Company as Vice President, Research and Development in January 2010. Prior to joining GeoVax, Dr. Newman served in similar positions at PaxVax, Inc. (from March 2009 to December 2009), Pharmexa A/S (from January 2006 to December 2008), and Epimmune, Inc. (from February 1999 to December 2005). He has also served in senior scientific management roles at Vaxcel,


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Inc., Apollon, Inc. and Cambridge Biotech Corp. Dr. Newman’s experience includes directing research, pre-clinical development and early stage clinical testing of protein, peptide, plasmid DNA and viral vectored vaccines and multiple vaccine adjuvants. He has co-authored more than 100 scientific papers, reviews and book chapters during his professional career, and is a named co-inventor on six issued U.S. patents and one European patent, all related to vaccine technologies. He has also been awarded multiple federal government and foundation grants and contracts to support research and early stage clinical development in the field of vaccines. Dr. Newman is a graduate of the Ohio State University (B.Sc. and M.Sc.) and received his Ph.D. in Immunology from the John Curtin School of Medical Research, the Australian National University. He completed four years of post-doctoral training at Cornell University, the National Cancer Institute, and the NIH and served as a full time member of the Louisiana State University faculty prior to joining the biotech industry.
 
Mark W. Reynolds, CPA  Mr. Reynolds joined the Company on a part-time basis in October 2006 as Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary, becoming a full-time employee in January 2010. From 2003 to 2006, before being named Chief Financial Officer of GeoVax Labs, Inc., Mr. Reynolds provided financial and accounting services to GeoVax, Inc. as an independent contractor. From 2004 to 2008, Mr. Reynolds served as Chief Financial Officer for Health Watch Systems, Inc. a privately-held company in the consumer healthcare industry. From 2004 to 2006, he served as Chief Financial Officer for Duska Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly-held biotechnology company. From 1988 to 2002, Mr. Reynolds was first Controller and later Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary of CytRx Corporation, a publicly-held biopharmaceutical company. Mr. Reynolds began his career as an auditor with Arthur Andersen & Co. from 1985 to 1988. He is a certified public accountant and earned a masters of accountancy degree from the University of Georgia.
 
Harriet L. Robinson, Ph.D.  Dr. Robinson joined the Company as Senior Vice President, Research and Development on a part-time basis in November 2007 and on a full-time basis in February 2008, and was elected to the Board of Directors in June 2008. She is a co-founder of GeoVax, Inc. and has served as chief of its scientific advisory board since formation of the company in 2001. From 1999 to February 2008, Dr. Robinson served as the Asa Griggs Candler Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and from 1998 to February 2008 as Chief, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Center and Professor at the Emory University School of Medicine. She was Professor, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center from 1988 to 1997 and Staff, then Senior, then Principal Scientist at the University of Massachusetts Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology from 1977 to 1987. She was also a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at the Virus Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, from 1965 to 1967. Dr. Robinson received a bachelor of arts degree from Swarthmore College and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Board of Directors has concluded that Dr. Robinson should serve on its Board of Directors by virtue of her extensive knowledge of the Company’s technology as its scientific founder.
 
Steven S. Antebi.  Mr. Antebi joined the Board of Directors in March 2010. During the last five years, he has served as President of Maple Capital Management, a fund focusing on debt and equity investments in North America (May 2007 to present), President and Chief Executive Officer of Galileo Partners LLC (2006 to present), and President of Blue and Gold Enterprises Inc. (2002-2009), funds that invest in registered direct investments, PIPE transactions, private placements, and open market equity transactions. Prior to that, he served for twenty years in various senior positions at Bear Stearns and Company, including institutional sales, trading the firm’s capital in the over the counter market, syndicate distribution, and outside investment banking. He has served as a member of the Board of Governors of Cedars Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, one of the largest hospital/research centers in the world, for over ten years. He serves as Chairman of the Board of Epinex Diagnostic Inc., a late stage development company, creating a rapid diagnostic system for testing glycated albumen in diabetics. Mr. Antebi is also the Chairman of the Board of the Royalty Review Council, a company doing royalty accounting for web casting and digital media, covering all five major record labels. The Board of Directors concluded that Mr. Antebi should serve on the Board of Directors because of his substantial experience in finance and his experience in healthcare and technology.


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David A. Dodd.  Mr. Dodd joined the Board of Directors in March 2010 and has been appointed Chairman of our Board of Directors, effective January 1, 2011. He is the Chief Executive Officer of RiversEdge BioVentures, an investment and advisory firm focused on the life sciences and pharmaceuticals industries, which he founded in 2009. He has more than 35 years of executive experience in the healthcare industry. From December 2007 to June 2009, Mr. Dodd was President, Chief Executive officer and Chairman of BioReliance Corporation, an organization that provided biological safety testing, viral clearance testing, genetic and mammalian technology testing and laboratory animal diagnostic services testing. From October 2006 to April 2009, he served as non-executive chairman of Stem Cell Sciences Plc. Before that, Mr. Dodd served as President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of Serologicals Corporation (Nasdaq: SERO) before it was sold to Millipore Corporation in July 2006 for $1.5 billion. For five years prior to this, Mr. Dodd served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Chairman of its subsidiary Unimed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The Board of Directors concluded Mr. Dodd should serve on the Board of Directors due to his experience in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as his background in general management, business transformation, corporate partnering, and mergers and acquisitions.
 
Dean G. Kollintzas.  Mr. Kollintzas joined the Board of Directors upon consummation of the merger with GeoVax, Inc. in September 2006. Since 2001 Mr. Kollintzas has been an intellectual property attorney specializing in biotechnology and pharmaceutical licensing, FDA regulation, and corporate/international transactions. Mr. Kollintzas received a microbiology degree from the University of Illinois and a J.D. from Franklin Pierce Law Center. He is a member of the Wisconsin and American Bar Associations. Since 2004, Mr. Kollintzas has owned and operated a restaurant in Joliet, Illinois called The Metro Grill. The Board of Directors has concluded that Mr. Kollintzas should serve on the Board of Directors by virtue of his experience with intellectual property matters, biotechnology and pharmaceutical licensing, and FDA regulation.
 
John N. (Jack) Spencer, Jr., CPA  Mr. Spencer joined the Board of Directors upon consummation of the merger with GeoVax, Inc. in September 2006. Mr. Spencer is a certified public accountant and was a partner of Ernst & Young where he spent more than 38 years until he retired in 2000. Mr. Spencer also serves as a director SurgiVigon, Inc., a medical device company, where he also chairs the audit committee, and served as a director of Firstwave Technologies (Nasdaq:FSTW) from November 2003 until April of 2009. He also serves as a consultant to various companies primarily relating to financial accounting and reporting matters. Mr. Spencer received a bachelor of science degree from Syracuse University, and he earned an M.B.A. degree from Babson College. He also attended the Harvard Business School advanced management program. The Board of Directors has concluded that Mr. Spencer should serve on the Board of Directors by virtue of his experience at Ernst & Young where he was the partner in charge of that firm’s life sciences practice for the southeastern United States, and his clients included a large number of publicly-owned and privately-held medical technology companies, together with his continuing expertise as a director of, and a consultant to, other publicly owned and privately held companies.
 
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
 
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, Mr. Kollintzas, Mr. Spencer and Mr. Tsolinas (a former director) served on our Compensation Committee. None of these individuals were officers or employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, nor at any time prior thereto. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, none of the members of the Compensation Committee had any relationship with the Company requiring disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K, and none of the Company’s executive officers served on the compensation committee (or equivalent), or the Board of Directors, of another entity whose executive officer(s) served on our Board of Directors or Compensation Committee.
 
COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
 
In the paragraphs that follow, the Compensation Committee provides an overview and analysis of our compensation program and policies, the material compensation decisions made under those programs and policies with respect to our executive officers, and the material factors considered in making those decisions.


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The Compensation Committee reviews, analyzes and approves the compensation of our senior executive officers, including the “Named Executive Officers” listed in the tables that follow this Compensation Discussion and Analysis. The Named Executive Officers for 2009 include our chief executive officer, our chief financial officer, and the two other individuals who served as executive officers during 2009 and whose total compensation for 2009 exceeded $100,000, calculated in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our Named Executive Officers for 2009 were:
 
  •  Robert T. McNally, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
  •  Mark W. Reynolds, Chief Financial Officer
 
  •  Harriet L. Robinson, Chief Scientific Officer
 
  •  Andrew Kandalepas, our former Senior Vice-President
 
The tables that follow this Compensation Discussion and Analysis contain specific data about the compensation earned or paid in 2009 to the Named Executive Officers. The discussion below is intended to help you understand the detailed information provided in the compensation tables and put that information into the context of our overall compensation program.
 
Objectives of Our Compensation Program
 
In general, we operate in a marketplace where competition for talented executives is significant. The biopharmaceutical industry is highly competitive and includes companies with far greater resources than ours. We are engaged in the long-term development of drug candidates without the benefit of significant current revenues, and therefore our operations involve a high degree of risk and uncertainty. This level of risk and uncertainty may make it difficult to retain talented executives. Nevertheless, continuity of personnel across multi-disciplinary functions is critical to the success of our business. Furthermore, since we have relatively few employees, each must perform a broad scope of functions, and there is very little redundancy in skills.
 
The objectives of our compensation program for our executive officers and other employees are to provide competitive cash compensation, health, and retirement benefits, as well as long-term equity incentives that offer significant reward potential for the risks assumed and for each individual’s contribution to our long-term performance. Although the Compensation Committee seeks to pay salaries and bonuses sufficient to hire and retain talented individuals, the Compensation Committee also believes, based on its subjective perception of their skills, that many of its employees could earn somewhat higher cash compensation at other companies, and seeks to address this concern by making stock option grants at a somewhat higher level than it would if the salaries and bonuses were higher. Individual performance is measured subjectively taking into account Company and individual progress toward overall corporate goals, as well as each individual’s skills, experience, and responsibilities, together with corporate and individual progress in the areas of scientific innovation, regulatory compliance, business development, employee development, and other values designed to build a culture of high performance. No particular weight is assigned to these measures, and the Compensation Committee is of the view that much of the Company’s progress results from team effort. These policies and practices are based on the principle that total compensation should serve to attract and retain those executives and employees critical to our overall success and are designed to reward executives for their contributions toward business performance that enhances stockholder value.
 
Role of the Compensation Committee
 
Our Compensation Committee assists our Board of Directors in discharging its responsibilities relating to the compensation of our executive officers. As such, the Compensation Committee has responsibility over certain matters relating to the fair and competitive compensation of our executives, employees and directors (only non-employee directors are compensated as directors) as well as matters relating to equity-based benefit plans. Each of the members of our Compensation Committee is independent in accordance with the criteria of independence set forth in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules and Rule 803(A)(2) of the NYSE Amex Listing Requirements. We believe that their independence from management allows the members of the Compensation Committee to provide unbiased consideration of various elements that could be included in an


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executive compensation program and apply independent judgment about which elements best achieve our compensation objectives. Pursuant to its charter as in effect prior to March 2010, the Compensation Committee was charged specifically with reviewing and determining annually the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, approving special bonus payments and perquisites paid to and other special compensation or benefit arrangements with executive officers, and approving (subject to approval of the Board of Directors) recommendations by the Chief Executive Officer with respect to grants under our stock option plan and any other equity-based plan we might adopt in the future. Subject to approval of the Board of Directors, the Compensation Committee also set salaries and determines bonuses, sometimes referred to as cash incentive awards, for the Company’s employees. The Compensation Committee gave due consideration to the Chief Executive Officer’s recommendations and could change them prior to recommending them to the Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee did not exercise the authority granted to it by its charter to approve a pool of options and other discretionary awards to be used by the Chief Executive Officer.
 
In March 2010, the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors approved a new charter for the Compensation Committee. Pursuant to the new charter, the Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things:
 
  •  reviewing the Company’s overall compensation philosophy and strategy;
 
  •  evaluating and determining the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer;
 
  •  evaluating and setting, in conjunction with the Chief Executive Officer, the compensation of other officers;
 
  •  reviewing and approving the annual Compensation Discussion and Analysis;
 
  •  evaluating and approving the components and amounts of compensation of the Company’s employees;
 
  •  evaluating, considering and approving, in its discretion, the Company’s equity-based compensation plans, as well as grants and awards made under any such plans to persons other than the Chief Executive Officer and submitting them to the Board of Directors for its consideration and approval;
 
  •  approving, with sole and exclusive authority, grants and awards made to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer under the Company’s equity-based compensation plans;
 
  •  evaluating, considering and approving, in its discretion, compensation for non-employee members of the Board of Directors; and
 
  •  managing and controlling the operation and administration of the Company’s stock option plans.
 
Elements of Compensation
 
To achieve the objectives described above, the three primary compensation elements used for executive officers are base salary, cash bonus, and stock option awards. We believe that these three elements are the most effective combination in motivating and retaining our executive officers at this stage in our development. The Compensation Committee has not utilized other companies for benchmarking purposes because it believes that those businesses which would be most comparable to GeoVax are either privately held or divisions of very large medical products companies.
 
Base Salary
 
Our philosophy is to maintain executive base salary at a competitive level sufficient to recruit and retain individuals possessing the skills and capabilities necessary to achieve our goals over the long term. Base salaries provide our executive officers with a degree of financial certainty and stability and also reward individual achievements and contributions.


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Cash Bonus
 
Annual cash incentive awards motivate our executive officers to contribute toward the achievement of corporate goals and objectives. Generally, every employee is eligible to earn an annual cash incentive award, promoting alignment and pay-for-performance at all levels of the organization. The Company does not have a formalized cash incentive award plan, and awards are based on the subjective recommendation of the President and Chief Executive Officer (except as to the Chief Executive Officer’s cash bonus) and on the Compensation Committee’s subjective judgment.
 
Stock Option Awards
 
Stock option awards are a fundamental element in our executive compensation program because they emphasize our long-term performance, as measured by creation of stockholder value, and align the interests of our stockholders and management. In addition, the Compensation Committee believes they are crucial to a competitive compensation program for executive officers, and they act as a powerful retention tool. In our current pre-commercial state, we view the Company as still facing a significant level of risk, but with the potential for a high reward over a period of time, and therefore we believe that stock incentive awards are appropriate for executive officers. These awards are provided through initial grants at or near the date of hire and through subsequent, periodic grants. The initial grant is typically larger than subsequent, periodic grants and is intended to motivate the officer to make the kind of decisions and implement strategies and programs that will contribute to an increase in our stock price over time. Subsequent periodic stock option awards may be granted to reflect each executive officer’s ongoing contributions to the Company, to create an incentive to remain at the Company, and to provide a long-term incentive to achieve or exceed our corporate goals and objectives. The Company does not have a formula for determining stock option awards. Awards are generally based on the subjective recommendation of the President and Chief Executive Officer and on the Compensation Committee’s subjective judgment. The Compensation Committee does not typically give much weight to the overall levels of stock and stock options owned by the Company’s executive officers and directors.
 
Accounting and Tax Considerations
 
The accounting and tax treatment of compensation generally has not been a factor in determining the amounts of compensation for the Company’s executive officers.
 
Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, limits tax deductions of public companies on compensation paid to certain executive officers in excess of $1 million. The Compensation Committee considers the impact of Section 162(m) on its compensation decisions, but has no formal policy to structure executive compensation so that it complies with the requirements of Section 162(m) due to the overall level of compensation paid. In general, stock options granted under the Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, or the Plan, are intended to qualify under and comply with the “performance based compensation” exemption provided under Section 162(m), thus excluding from the Section 162(m) compensation limitation any income recognized by executives at the time of exercise of such stock options.
 
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States require us to recognize an expense for the fair value of equity-based compensation awards. The Compensation Committee is informed of the accounting implications of significant compensation decisions, especially in connection with decisions that relate to our equity incentive award plans, but has no formal policy to structure executive compensation to align accounting expenses of our equity awards with our overall executive compensation philosophy and objectives. The Compensation Committee has considered the impact of cash payments to its employees as compared to the costs it recognizes on an accrual basis when stock options are granted.
 
Setting Executive Compensation
 
Historically, we have not used quantitative methods or mathematical formulae in setting any element of executive compensation. We use discretion, guided in large part by the concept of pay-for-performance, and we consider all elements of an executive’s compensation package when setting each portion of compensation. There is no pre-established policy or target for the allocation between cash and equity incentive compensation,


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although the Compensation Committee believes its stock option grants are at a level that permits it to retain talented personnel at somewhat lower levels of cash compensation than these individuals might otherwise receive. Year-to-year changes in base salary have usually been relatively modest, and executive officer base salaries are within a relatively narrow range. The Compensation Committee considers relative levels of compensation among its various executive officers. Our annual cash incentive awards have generally been modest. When made at all, the individual cash incentive awards have ranged from $10,000 to $15,000 over the last three years. Bonuses have usually been paid to all Named Executive Officers when they were paid at all. We may choose other compensation approaches if circumstances warrant.
 
When determining compensation for a new executive officer, and when annually reviewing the compensation for our executive officers, factors taken into consideration are the individual’s skills, knowledge and experience, the individual’s past and potential future impact on our short-term and long-term success, the individual’s recent compensation levels in other positions, and any present and expected compensation information obtained from other prospective candidates interviewed during the recruitment process. In setting our executive compensation for 2009, no specific benchmarking activities were undertaken. We will generally make a grant of stock options when an executive officer joins us. Options are granted at no less than 100% of the fair market value on the date of grant. In determining the size of an initial stock option grant to an executive officer, we primarily consider company performance and the individual’s scope of responsibility. For periodic grants, we also consider the Company’s and the individual’s continuing performance and the recommendations of the Chief Executive Officer, all on a subjective basis. Since the stock option grant is meant to be a retention tool, we also consider the importance to stockholders of that person’s continued service. Stock option grants to executives generally vest over a period of three years.
 
The Compensation Committee annually reviews and determines the compensation for our Chief Executive Officer. Each year, recommendations for the compensation for other executive officers (other than himself) are prepared by the Chief Executive Officer and are reviewed with the Compensation Committee and modified by it where appropriate.
 
In order to assess the performance of a full calendar year, annual cash incentive and stock option awards are generally determined in December of each year. We do not currently have any program, plan or practice in place to time stock option grants to our executives or other employees in coordination with the release of material non-public information.
 
As part of our executive compensation review conducted annually in December, we review a tally sheet prepared by the President and Chief Executive Officer setting forth all components of total compensation to our Named Executive Officers and all other employees. The tally sheet includes current and proposed base salary, proposed annual cash incentive awards and historical, as well as proposed, stock option awards. Post-termination pay under employment agreements to which our executive officers are parties is not considered to be material at the present time. These tools are employed by the Compensation Committee both in reviewing individual compensation awards and as a useful check on total compensation. These tools also show the effect of compensation decisions made over time on the total annual compensation to a Named Executive Officer and allow the Compensation Committee to review historical amounts for comparative purposes.
 
We considered whether our compensation policies and practices create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on GeoVax, and concluded that they do not.
 
2009 Executive Compensation
 
In December 2008, using its subjective judgment as to the overall progress of the Company, skills, experience, responsibilities, achievements and historical compensation of each of the Named Executive Officers, the Compensation Committee established their salaries for 2009. At that time, Dr. McNally recommended that none of the Named Executive Officers receive a cash bonus for 2008 or salary increases for 2009, except that Mr. Reynolds should receive a salary increase in proportion to his increased time commitment to the business of the Company. Dr. McNally made this recommendation, and the Compensation Committee accepted it, partially in the interest of preserving the Company’s overall cash flow to the extent reasonably possible. Stock option grants were made at that time. The amount of compensation earned by each


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of the Named Executive Officers during fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007 is shown in the Summary Compensation Table below.
 
In December 2009, the Compensation Committee considered 2009 stock option grants and cash incentive awards as well as base salaries for 2010. The Compensation Committee considered the same factors it considered in 2008, the overall progress of the Company, the skills, experience, responsibilities, achievements and historical compensation of each of the Named Executive Officers, in determining the award of cash bonuses and stock option grants for 2009 and salary levels for 2010. In its deliberations on executive compensation at its meeting in December 2009, the Compensation Committee considered the fact that, during the preceding year (at its meeting in December 2008) the Compensation Committee had accepted the recommendation from Dr. McNally that none of the Named Executive Officers receive a cash bonus for 2008 and that no salary increases would be effective for 2009, except as related to Mr. Reynolds with respect to a proportionate increase relative to his time commitment to the business of the Company. The Compensation Committee felt that, under the circumstances, it should increase the salaries of the Company’s executive officers, and decided to increase the salaries of the Company’s executive officers. The Compensation Committee reviewed the salary increases it had approved for the other employees of the Company and determined the average of the increases was approximately 6.3%. The Compensation Committee then increased executive officer salaries by 6.3%, with the exception of Dr. McNally, who received a 10% increase in salary. The Compensation Committee provided a higher salary to Dr. McNally because it felt that the Chief Executive Officer should be the most highly compensated executive.
 
Robert T. McNally.  Dr. McNally serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to an employment agreement executed in April, 2008. In December 2009, the Compensation Committee awarded Dr. McNally a cash bonus of $15,000 and a stock option grant for 10,000 shares at an exercise price of $7.00 per share. The Compensation Committee also increased Dr. McNally’s annual base salary from $250,000 to $275,000 (a 10% increase), effective January 1, 2010.
 
Mark W. Reynolds.  Mr. Reynolds serves as our Chief Financial Officer pursuant to an employment agreement amended and restated effective January 2010. Pursuant to this agreement, and its predecessor agreement, during 2009, Mr. Reynolds provided services to the Company on a part-time basis (approximately 75%) and was paid an annualized salary of $150,000. In December 2009, the Compensation Committee awarded Mr. Reynolds a cash bonus of $10,000 and a stock option grant for 10,000 shares at an exercise price of $7.00 per share. The Compensation Committee also increased Mr. Reynolds’ annual base salary from $150,000 to $212,600 effective January 1, 2010. The increase in Mr. Reynolds’ base salary was determined based on (a) a proportional increase of $50,000 (33.3%) based on Mr. Reynolds increased time commitment from 75% to 100%, and (b) a merit increase of $12,600 (6.3%).
 
Harriet L. Robinson.  Dr. Robinson serves as our Chief Scientific Officer pursuant to an employment agreement executed in November 2008. In December 2009, the Compensation Committee awarded Dr. Robinson a cash bonus of $10,000 and a stock option grant for 10,000 shares at an exercise price of $7.00 per share. The Compensation Committee also increased Dr. Robinson’s annual base salary from $250,000 to $265,750 (a 6.3% increase), effective January 1, 2010.
 
Andrew Kandalepas.  Mr. Kandalepas served as our Senior Vice President until his resignation in July 2009. During 2009, he received an annualized base salary of $225,000 pursuant to his employment agreement. During 2009, the Compensation Committee made no decisions with regard to Mr. Kandalepas’ compensation.
 
Benefits Provided to Executive Officers
 
We provide our executive officers with certain benefits that the Compensation Committee believes are reasonable and consistent with our overall compensation program. The Compensation Committee will periodically review the levels of benefits provided to our executive officers.
 
Dr. McNally, Mr. Reynolds and Dr. Robinson are eligible for health insurance and 401(k) benefits at the same level and subject to the same conditions as provided to all other employees. The amounts shown in the Summary Compensation Table under the heading “Other Compensation” represent the value of the Company’s


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matching contributions to the 401(k) accounts of these executive officers. Executive officers did not receive any other perquisites or other personal benefits or property from the Company or any other source.
 
Employment Agreements
 
Robert T. McNally.  On March 20, 2008, GeoVax entered into an employment agreement with Robert T. McNally, Ph.D. to become our President and Chief Executive Officer effective April 1, 2008. The employment agreement has no specified term. The employment agreement provided for an initial annual salary of $200,000 to Dr. McNally, subject to periodic increases as determined by the Compensation Committee. The Board of Directors may also approve the payment of a discretionary bonus annually. Dr. McNally is eligible for grants of awards from the Plan and is entitled to participate in any and all benefits in effect from time-to-time for employees generally. We may terminate the employment agreement, with or without cause. If we terminate the employment agreement without cause, we will be required to provide Dr. McNally at least 60 days prior notice of the termination and one week of severance pay for each full year of service as President and Chief Executive Officer ($10,577 if terminated in fiscal 2010, paid as salary continuance). Dr. McNally may terminate the employment agreement at any time by giving us 60 days notice. In that event, he would not receive severance.
 
Mark W. Reynolds.  On February 1, 2008, GeoVax entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Mark W. Reynolds, our Chief Financial Officer. The employment agreement has no specified term. The employment agreement provided for an initial annual salary of $115,000 to Mr. Reynolds, which was increased to $150,000 by the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors effective January 1, 2009, commensurate with an increased time commitment provided by Mr. Reynolds (50% to 75%). The employment agreement was again amended and restated, effective January 1, 2010, to reflect a further adjustment for Mr. Reynolds time commitment (from 75% to 100%) together with a base salary increase to $212,600. The Board of Directors may also approve the payment of a discretionary bonus annually. Mr. Reynolds is eligible for grants of awards from the Plan and is entitled to participate in any and all benefits in effect from time-to-time for employees generally. We may terminate the employment agreement, with or without cause. If we terminate the employment agreement without cause, we will be required to provide Mr. Reynolds at least 60 days prior notice of the termination and one week of severance pay for each full year of service as Chief Financial Officer ($16,354 if terminated in fiscal 2010, paid as salary continuance). Mr. Reynolds may terminate the employment agreement at any time by giving us 60 days notice. In that event, he would not receive severance.
 
Harriet L. Robinson.  On November 19, 2007, GeoVax entered into an employment agreement with Harriet L. Robinson, our Chief Scientific Officer. The employment agreement has no specified term. The employment agreement provided for an initial base salary of $250,000 to Dr. Robinson, subject to periodic increases as determined by the Compensation Committee. Dr. Robinson initially worked part-time for the Company, and became a full-time employee in February 2008. The Board of Directors may also approve the payment of a discretionary bonus annually. Dr. Robinson is eligible for grants of awards from the Plan and is entitled to participate in any and all benefits in effect from time-to-time for employees generally. We may terminate the employment agreement, with or without cause. If we terminate the employment agreement without cause, we will be required to provide Dr. Robinson at least 90 days prior notice of the termination and one week of severance pay for each full year of service ($15,332 if terminated in fiscal 2010, paid as salary continuance). Dr. Robinson may terminate the employment agreement at any time by giving us 60 days notice. In that event, she would not receive severance.
 
Andrew Kandalepas.  On February 1, 2007, GeoVax entered into an employment agreement with Andrew Kandalepas, our Senior Vice President. The employment agreement had no specified term. The employment agreement provided for an initial annual salary of $210,000 to Mr. Kandalepas, subject to periodic increases as determined by the Compensation Committee. Mr. Kandalepas was also eligible for discretionary cash bonuses, grants of awards from the Plan and participation in any and all benefits in effect from time-to-time for employees generally. We could terminate the employment agreement, with or without cause. Effective June 30, 2009, Mr. Kandalepas resigned from our Board of Directors, and effective July 1, 2009, he resigned his position as Senior Vice President. We paid Mr. Kandalepas severance of $18,750.


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Indemnification Agreements
 
In October 2006 GeoVax Labs, Inc. and our subsidiary, GeoVax, Inc. entered into indemnification agreements with Messrs. McNally, Reynolds, Hildebrand, Kollintzas and Spencer. Pursuant to these agreements, we have agreed to indemnify them to the full extent permitted by Illinois and Georgia law against certain liabilities incurred by these individuals in connection with specified proceedings if they acted in a manner they believed in good faith to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that such conduct was unlawful. The agreements also provide for the advancement of expenses to these individuals subject to specified conditions.


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SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
 
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation earned during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 by our Named Executive Officers.
 
                                                 
                Option
  All Other
   
Name and Principal
      Salary
  Bonus
  Awards
  Compensation
  Total
Position(1)
  Year   ($)   ($)   ($)(2)   ($)(3)   ($)
 
Robert T. McNally
    2009     $ 250,000     $ 15,000     $ 61,500     $ 3,675     $ 330,175  
President and
    2008       175,000             391,100       1,250       567,350  
Chief Executive Officer
    2007                                
Mark W. Reynolds
    2009       150,000       10,000       61,500       94       221,594  
Chief Financial Officer
    2008       120,740             45,500             166,240  
      2007       92,102       10,000       674,800             776,902  
Harriet L. Robinson
    2009       250,000       10,000       61,500       3,675       325,175  
Chief Scientific Officer
    2008       234,375             204,220       313       438,908  
      2007       14,904       10,000                   24,904  
Andrew J. Kandalepas
    2009       119,230                   18,750       137,980  
Former Senior Vice President
    2008       225,000             45,500             270,500  
(through July 1, 2009)
    2007       205,288       10,000       604,800             820,088  
 
 
(1) This table excludes Mark Newman, who joined GeoVax as Vice President, Research and Development in January 2010.
 
(2) Amounts shown in the “Option Awards” column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation or FASB ASC Topic 718. For a discussion of the various assumptions made and methods used for determining such amounts, see footnotes 2 and 7 to our 2009 consolidated financial statements contained in this prospectus. For 2008, the amount reported for Dr. Robinson includes $158,720, related to the extension of the exercise period of stock options granted in prior years. These stock options were originally granted with an exercise period of five to seven years and were to expire beginning in 2009. The extensions were made to adjust the exercise period to ten years from the original grant date, consistent with the current stock option grant policies of the Company. The extensions did not affect the vesting schedule of the grants because they were all fully vested at the time of the extensions.
 
(3) Amounts shown in the “All Other Compensation” column represent employer contributions to the Company’s 401(k) retirement plan for Dr. McNally, Mr. Reynolds and Dr. Robinson, and for Mr. Kandalepas, the amount in this column represents the severance paid to him during the year ended December 31, 2009.
 
GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS
 
The following table sets forth option awards. No stock awards or non-equity incentive awards were granted to the Named Executive Officers for the year ended December 31, 2009.
 
                                 
        All Other Option
       
        Awards: Number
  Exercise or
   
        of Securities
  Base Price of
  Grant Date Fair
    Grant
  Underlying Options
  Option Awards
  Value of Stock and
Name
  Date   (#)   ($/Sh)(1)   Option Awards(2)
 
Robert T. McNally
    12/2/09       10,000     $ 7.00     $ 61,500  
Mark W. Reynolds
    12/2/09       10,000       7.00       61,500  
Harriet L. Robinson
    12/2/09       10,000       7.00       61,500  
 
 
(1) The exercise price for options is the closing trading price of the common stock of the Company on the grant date. The grant date is determined by the Compensation Committee. All stock option grants during 2009 will vest and become exercisable in three equal annual installments on the first three anniversary dates of the grant date.


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(2) Compensation expense is recognized for all share-based payments based on the grant date fair value estimated for financial reporting purposes. For a discussion of the various assumptions made and methods used for determining such amounts, see footnotes 2 and 7 to our 2009 consolidated financial statements contained in this prospectus.
 
Additional discussion regarding material factors that may be helpful in understanding the information included in the Summary Compensation Table and Grants of Plan-Based Awards table is included above under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis.”
 
OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END
 
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to unexercised options previously awarded to our Named Executive Officers as of December 31, 2009. There were no stock awards outstanding as of December 31, 2009.
 
                                 
    Option Awards        
    Number of Securities
  Number of Securities
       
    Underlying Unexercised
  Underlying Unexercised
       
    Options(#)
  Options (#)
  Option Exercise
  Option Expiration
Name
  Exercisable   Exercisable   Price ($)   Date
 
Robert T. McNally
          10,000 (1)   $ 7.00       12/2/19  
      3,333       6,667 (2)     5.50       12/11/18  
      16,000       32,000 (3)     8.50       6/17/18  
      6,667       3,333 (4)     8.05       12/5/17  
      26,400             17.75       3/14/17  
Mark W. Reynolds
          10,000 (1)     7.00       12/2/19  
      3,333       6,667 (2)     5.50       12/11/18  
      6,667       3,333 (4)     8.05       12/5/17  
      36,000             17.75       3/14/17  
Harriet L. Robinson
          10,000 (1)     7.00       12/2/19  
      3,333       6,667 (2)     5.50       12/11/18  
      177,913             2.004       2/5/14  
 
 
(1) These stock options vest and become exercisable in three equal installments on December 2, 2010, 2011 and 2012.
 
(2) These stock options vest and become exercisable in two equal installments on December 11, 2010 and 2011.
 
(3) These stock options vest and become exercisable in two equal installments on June 17, 2010 and 2011.
 
(4) These stock options vest and become exercisable on December 5, 2010.
 
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control
 
Under SEC rules, we are required to estimate and quantify the payment that would be payable at, following, or in connection with any termination, including without limitation resignation, severance, retirement or a constructive termination of each Named Executive Officer, or a change-in-control of the Company or a change in the Named Executive Officer’s responsibilities, with respect to each Named Executive Officer, as if the triggering event had occurred as of the last business day of the last fiscal year.
 
The Plan contains provisions that could lead to an accelerated vesting of options or other awards. In the event of certain change-in-control transactions described in the Plan, (i) outstanding options or other awards under the Plan may be assumed, converted or replaced; (ii) the successor corporation may substitute equivalent options or other awards or provide substantially similar consideration to Plan participants as were provided to


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stockholders (after taking into account the existing provisions of the options or other awards); or (iii) the successor corporation may replace options or awards with substantially similar shares or other property.
 
In the event the successor corporation (if any) refuses to assume or substitute options or other awards as described (i) the vesting of any or all options or awards granted pursuant to the Plan will accelerate upon the change-in-control transaction, and (ii) any or all options granted pursuant to the Plan will become exercisable in full prior to the consummation of the change-in-control transaction at such time and on such conditions as the Compensation Committee determines. If the options are not exercised prior to the consummation of the change-in-control transaction, they shall terminate at such time as determined by the Compensation Committee. Subject to any greater rights granted to Plan participants under the Plan, in the event of the occurrence of a change-in-control transaction any outstanding options or other awards will be treated as provided in the applicable agreement or plan of merger, consolidation, dissolution, liquidation, or sale of assets.
 
If the Company experienced a change-in-control transaction described in the Plan on December 31, 2009, the value of accelerated options for each Named Executive Officer, based on the difference between $9.00, the closing price of our common stock on the OTC Bulletin Board on December 31, 2009, and, if lower, the exercise price per share of each option for which vesting would be accelerated for each Named Executive Officer, would be as follows: Dr. McNally — $62,500; Mr. Reynolds — $46,500 and Dr. Robinson — $43,333. Mr. Kandalepas resigned effective July 1, 2009 and held no outstanding options as of December 31, 2009.
 
Additionally, our employment agreements with each Named Executive Officer provide for payment to each Named Executive Officer if we terminate such Named Executive Officer’s employment without cause. If each Named Executive Officer was terminated without cause on December 31, 2009, the following amounts, which represent one week of pay for each full year of service to the Company, would be payable to each Named Executive Officer as salary continuance under the terms of such Named Executive Officer’s employment agreement: Dr. McNally — $10,577; Mr. Reynolds — $16,354 and Dr. Robinson — $15,332. Mr. Kandalepas resigned from our Board of Directors effective June 30, 2009 and resigned his position as Senior Vice President effective July 1, 2009. Mr. Kandalepas was paid severance of $18,750.
 
Risk Assessment
 
We considered whether our compensation policies and practices create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on GeoVax and concluded that they do not. We do not tie compensation to specific stock prices or milestones that might encourage risk taking to increase stock prices or meet specific milestones. When we have granted cash incentive awards, they have been retrospective or in relatively modest amounts so that they do not encourage inappropriate short-term risk taking. We give consideration to subjective elements when we determine salaries, bonuses, and option grants that help us evaluate employee productivity and contribution to the welfare of GeoVax and place less emphasis on short-term metrics or milestones that might encourage undue risk taking. When we use stock options, we require them to vest over a period of years so that their increase in value will be more closely associated with the long-term success of the Company.


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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
 
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation earned for service on our Board of Directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 by each individual who served as a director at any time during the fiscal year.
 
                                                         
                    Change
       
                    in Pension
       
    Fees
          Non-Equity
  Value and
       
    Earned or
          Incentive
  Non-Qualified
  All
   
    Paid in
  Stock
  Option
  Plan
  Deferred
  Other
   
    Cash
  Awards
  Awards
  Compensation
  Compensation
  Compensation
  Total
Name
  ($)   ($)   ($)(3)(4)   ($)   Earnings   ($)   ($)
 
Donald Hildebrand(1)
  $ 30,000     $     $     $     $     $ 57,600     $ 87,600  
Andrew Kandalepas(2)
                                         
Dean Kollintzas
    14,100             61,500                         75,600  
Robert T. McNally(2)
                                         
Harriet L. Robinson(2)
                                         
John Spencer
    28,500             61,500                         90,000  
Peter Tsolinas(5)
    12,400             61,500                         73,900  
 
 
(1) The amount shown in the “All Other Compensation” column represents the amount paid to Mr. Hildebrand for the year ended December 31, 2009 pursuant to his consulting agreement with the Company. See “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions — Consulting Agreement with Donald Hildebrand”.
 
(2) Dr. McNally, Dr. Robinson, and Mr. Kandalepas, who were employees of the Company during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, received no compensation for their service as directors. All amounts related to their compensation as Named Executive Officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 and prior years are included in the “Summary Compensation Table.” Mr. Kandalepas resigned as a director effective June 30, 2009 and resigned his position as Senior Vice President effective July 1, 2009.
 
(3) Amounts shown in the “Option Awards” column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For a discussion of the various assumptions made and methods used for determining such amounts, see footnotes 2 and 7 to our 2009 consolidated financial statements contained in this prospectus. On December 2, 2009, Mr. Kollintzas, Mr. Spencer, and Mr. Tsolinas were each granted options to purchase 10,000 shares of our common stock, with an exercise price of $7.00 per share.
 
(4) The table below shows the aggregate numbers of option awards outstanding for each non-employee director as of December 31, 2009. There were no stock awards outstanding for the non-employee directors as of December 31, 2009.
 
         
    Aggregate Option Awards
    Outstanding
    as of December 31, 2009
Name
  (#)
 
Donald Hildebrand
    355,825  
Dean Kollintzas
    56,400  
John Spencer
    56,400  
Peter Tsolinas
    36,400  
 
(5) Mr. Tsolinas resigned as a director in June 2010.
 
Director Compensation Plan
 
In March 2007, the Board of Directors approved a recommendation from the Compensation Committee for director compensation, which we refer to as the “Director Compensation Plan.” It was subsequently amended in March 2008 and again in December 2009. The Director Compensation Plan applies only to non-


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employee directors. Directors who are employees of the Company receive no compensation for their service as directors or as members of committees.
 
Cash Fees
 
For 2009, each non-employee director received an annual retainer of $2,000 (paid quarterly) for service as a member of the Audit Committee and $1,250 for service as a member of the Compensation Committee. The Chairman of the Audit Committee received an annual retainer of $9,000, and the Chairman of the Compensation Committee received an annual retainer of $6,000, which retainers were also paid quarterly. Non-employee directors also received fees for each Board of Directors or Committee meeting attended as follows: $1,500 per Board of Directors meeting, $1,000 per Committee meeting chaired, and $500 per Committee meeting attended as a non-chair member. Meetings attended telephonically were paid at lower rates ($750, $750 and $400, respectively). The non-employee Chairman of the Board received an annual retainer of $30,000 (paid quarterly) and was not entitled to additional fees for meetings attended.
 
Effective January 1, 2010, the fees paid to non-employee directors for attending meetings of the Board of Directors were increased to $3,000 for in person meetings and $1,500 for telephonic meetings. Also, the annual cash retainer for members (non-chairman) of the Audit Committee was increased to $5,000, and the annual cash retainer for members (non-chairman) of the Compensation Committee was increased to $3,300. No changes were made to the annual cash retainer for the chairman of the Audit Committee or the Compensation Committee, nor were any changes made to the fees paid for attending committee meetings. The members and chairman of the newly formed Nominating and Governance Committee will receive the same compensation as members of the Compensation Committee.
 
Stock Option Grants
 
Non-employee directors each receive an automatic grant of options to purchase 26,400 shares of common stock on the date that such non-employee director is first elected or appointed. We currently do not have a formula for determining annual stock option grants to directors (upon their re-election to the Board of Directors, or otherwise). Such option grants are currently determined by the Board of Directors, upon recommendation by the Compensation Committee based on the Compensation Committee’s annual deliberations and review of the director compensation structure of similar companies. At its meeting in December 2009, upon a recommendation of the Compensation Committee, the Board of Directors determined an annual stock option grant of 10,000 shares to its non-employee members, with the exception of Mr. Hildebrand, who declined the stock option grant.
 
In April 2010, at the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, the Board of Directors approved a 20,000 share increase in the number of shares authorized to be issued pursuant to the Plan in order to cover an over issuance arising from the automatic grants of options to Mr. Antebi and Mr. Dodd when they were appointed as directors.
 
Expense Reimbursement
 
All directors are reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection with attending meetings of the Board of Directors and committees.
 
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
 
Policies and Procedures for Approval of Related Party Transactions
 
Our Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving all transactions or arrangements between the Company and any of our directors, officers, principal stockholders or any of their respective affiliates, associates or related parties, other than transactions with officers which are covered by the duties of the Compensation Committee. In determining whether to approve or ratify a related party transaction, the Audit


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Committee will discuss the transaction with management and will consider all relevant facts and circumstances available to it including:
 
  •  whether the terms of the transaction are fair to the Company and at least as favorable to the Company as would apply if the transaction did not involve a related party;
 
  •  whether there are demonstrable business reasons for the Company to enter into the transaction;
 
  •  whether the transaction would impair the independence of a non-employee director; and
 
  •  whether the transaction would present an improper conflict of interest for any director or executive officer, taking into account the size of the transaction, the direct or indirect nature of the related party’s interest in the transaction and the ongoing nature of any proposed relationship, and any other factors the Audit Committee deems relevant.
 
In August 2010 our Board of Directors made the following findings and adopted the following policies regarding related party transactions:
 
  •  The Company has not made and will not make loans or loan guarantees on behalf of any director, officer, beneficially owner of more than 5% of our common stock, or other person constituting a Promoter, as such term is defined in the NASAA Statement of Policy Regarding Corporate Securities Definitions.
 
  •  The Company has not engaged and will not engage in material transactions with any director, officer, beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock, or other person constituting a Promoter, as such term is defined in the NASAA Statement of Policy Regarding Corporate Securities Definitions, except as described below or as otherwise approved by our Audit Committee consistent with the policies and procedures described below.
 
  •  The Company will make any future material affiliated transactions on terms that are no less favorable to the Company than those that can be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.
 
  •  A majority of the Company’s Audit Committee will approve all future material transactions.
 
  •  The Company’s officers, directors, and counsel will:
 
  •  consider their due diligence and assure that there is a reasonable basis for these representations, and
 
  •  consider whether to embody the representations in the issuer’s charter or bylaws.
 
Consulting Agreement with Donald Hildebrand
 
In March 2008, we entered into a consulting agreement with Donald Hildebrand, Chairman of our Board of Directors and our former President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to which Mr. Hildebrand provides business and technical advisory services to the Company. The term of the consulting agreement began on April 1, 2008 with an original termination date of December 31, 2009. In December 2009, the Company and Mr. Hildebrand extended the term of the consulting agreement for an additional year. During 2009 and 2008, Mr. Hildebrand received $57,600 and $64,000, respectively, for his services pursuant to the consulting agreement. During the remaining term of the consulting agreement, Mr. Hildebrand will provide us with at least 16 hours of service per month and will be paid at the rate of $4,800 per month. We also pay Mr. Hildebrand’s medical and dental coverage through the term of the consulting agreement. We may terminate the consulting agreement, with or without cause. If we terminate the consulting agreement without cause, we must give Mr. Hildebrand at least 30 days notice and we will be required to pay him, as a severance payment, three months compensation, which is equal to $14,400. Likewise, if the consulting agreement is terminated due to the death of Mr. Hildebrand, we will be required to pay his estate three months compensation. If Mr. Hildebrand wishes to terminate the consulting agreement, he must provide us with at least 30 days notice. No severance payments will be due to Mr. Hildebrand upon termination with cause or upon his voluntary termination.


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Transactions with Emory University
 
Emory University is a significant stockholder of the Company, and our primary product candidates are based on technology rights subject to a license agreement with Emory University, which we refer to as the Emory License. The Emory License, among other contractual obligations, requires payments based on milestone achievements, royalties on sales by the Company or on payments to the Company by our sublicensees, and payment of maintenance fees in the event certain milestones are not met within the time periods specified in the Emory License. We may terminate the Emory License upon 90 days prior written notice. In any event, the Emory License expires on the date of the latest expiration date of the underlying patents. We are also obligated to reimburse Emory University for certain ongoing costs in connection with the filing, prosecution and maintenance of patent applications subject to the Emory License. Such reimbursements to Emory University amounted to $85,673, $102,141 and $243,653 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively and approximately $143,000 during the nine month period ending September 30, 2010.
 
Through November 2009, we leased office and laboratory space on a month-to-month basis from Emtech Biotechnology Development, Inc., a related party associated with Emory University. Rent expense associated with this lease totaled $43,112, $47,041 and $36,588 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
We have entered into two research agreements with Emory University for the purpose of conducting research and development activities associated with our IPCAVD grant from the NIH. During the nine month period ending September 30, 2010 and the years ended 2009 and 2008, we recorded approximately $1,231,000, $817,000 and $724,000, respectively, of expense associated with these contracts. All amounts paid to Emory under these agreements are reimbursable to us pursuant to the IPCAVD grant from the NIH.
 
Director Independence
 
The Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Antebi, Dodd, Kollintzas, and Spencer are the members of our Board of Directors who are “independent,” as that term is defined by Section 301(3)(B) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Board of Directors has also determined that these four individuals meet the definition of “independent director” set forth in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules and Rule 803(A)(2) of the NYSE Amex Listing Requirements. As independent directors, Messrs. Antebi, Kollintzas and Spencer serve as the members of our Audit Committee, Messrs. Antebi, Dodd and Kollintzas serve as the members of our Compensation Committee, and Messrs. Dodd, Kollintzas and Spencer serve as the members of our Nominating and Governance Committee.


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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS, DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
 
Based solely upon information made available to us, the following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of November 30, 2010 by (1) each director; (2) each of our Named Executive Officers; (3) all executive officers and directors as a group; and (4) each additional person who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock. Except as otherwise indicated, the holders listed below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them.
 
                 
    Number of Shares
   
    Beneficially
  Percent
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)
  Owned   of Class(2)
 
Directors and Executive Officers:
               
Steven S. Antebi(3)
          *
David A. Dodd(4)
    15,725       *
Donald G. Hildebrand(5)
    1,427,225       8.9 %
Dean G. Kollintzas(6)
    46,399       *
Robert T. McNally(7)
    90,754       *
Mark W. Reynolds(8)
    61,999       *
Harriet L. Robinson(9)
    1,290,352       8.1 %
John N. Spencer, Jr.(10)
    60,099       *
All executive officers and directors as a group (9 persons)(11)
    2,995,553       18.3 %
Andrew J. Kandalepas(12)
    49,800       *
Other 5% Stockholders:
               
Emory University(13)
    4,621,405       29.5 %
Stavros Papageorgiou(14)
    1,111,857       7.1 %
Welch & Forbes LLC(15)
    1,591,073       10.2 %
 
 
Less than 1%
 
(1) Except as otherwise indicated, the business address of each director and executive officer listed is c/o GeoVax Labs, Inc., 1900 Lake Park Drive, Suite 380, Smyrna, Georgia 30080.
 
(2) This table is based upon information supplied by our executive officers and directors, and with respect to principal stockholders, Schedule 13G filed with the SEC. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Applicable percentage ownership is based on 15,654,846 shares of common stock outstanding as of November 30, 2010. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of common stock subject to options currently exercisable, or exercisable within 60 days of November 30, 2010, are deemed outstanding.
 
(3) Mr. Antebi has options to acquire 26,400 shares, which will vest in equal amounts over the next three anniversaries of his appointment to the Board of Directors, beginning in March 2011.
 
(4) Mr. Dodd has options to acquire 26,400 shares, which will vest in equal amounts over the next three anniversaries of his appointment to the Board of Directors, beginning in March 2011.
 
(5) Includes options to purchase 355,825 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of November 30, 2010.
 
(6) Includes options to purchase 46,399 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of November 30, 2010.
 
(7) Includes options to purchase 78,399 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of November 30, 2010.
 
(8) Includes options to purchase 55,999 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of November 30, 2010.


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(9) Dr. Robinson shares voting and investment power over 1,102,441 shares with Welch & Forbes LLC, whose ownership is described below. Includes options to purchase 187,911 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of November 30, 2010.
 
(10) Includes options to purchase 46,399 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of November 30, 2010.
 
(11) Includes options to purchase 770,932 shares of common stock exercisable within 60 days of November 30, 2010.
 
(12) Mr. Kandalepas resigned as an executive officer of the Company on July 1, 2009. Ownership information has been derived from our stock records, which show Mr. Kandalepas owns these shares of record as of November 30, 2010. This information is for shares held in certificate form only (excluding any shares Mr. Kandalepas may hold in brokerage accounts).
 
(13) The address for this stockholder is Administration Building, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. Ownership information has been derived from this stockholder’s SEC filing on Form 4 filed on January 29, 2010.
 
(14) The address for this stockholder is c/o Morse, Zelnick, Rose & Lander LLP, 405 Park Avenue, Suite 1401, New York, New York 10022. Includes 91,854 shares subject to warrants and 503,840 shares as to which Mr. Papageorgiou shares voting and investment power. Ownership information has been derived from this stockholder’s SEC filing on Schedule 13G filed on October 1, 2009.
 
(15) The address for this stockholder is 45 School Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02108. This stockholder shares voting and investment power with respect to all of these shares. Includes 1,102,441 shares held by Dr. Robinson. Ownership information has been derived from this stockholder’s Schedule 13G filed February 12, 2010.


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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
 
We are offering up to $10,000,000 in units, each consisting of one share of common stock and warrants to purchase another        of a share of common stock for $      per unit. Global Hunter Securities LLC and Gilford Securities Incorporated, referred to collectively as the placement agents, have entered into a placement agency agreement with us in which they have agreed to act as placement agents in connection with the offering, with Global Hunter Securities LLC, or Global Hunter, serving as the lead placement agent. Subject to the terms and conditions contained in the placement agency agreement, the placement agents are using their best efforts to introduce us to selected institutional and retail investors who will purchase the units.
 
The placement agents have no obligation to buy any of the units from us nor are they required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the units, but have agreed to use their best efforts to arrange for the sale of a minimum of $5,000,000 in units and a maximum of $10,000,000 in units to be sold by the Company. Therefore, we may not sell the entire amount of units being offered. We may enter into subscription agreements with investors for the purchase of units in this offering. The terms of this offering will be subject to market conditions and negotiations between us, the placement agents and prospective investors.
 
The Company’s officers and directors may participate in the offering on the same terms and conditions, including the same purchase price per unit, and subject to the same limitations and restrictions, as the other investors in the offering. The units purchased by our officers and directors in the offering will be counted toward the minimum offering size of $5,000,000.
 
Investors wishing to participate in the offering will be required to deliver immediately available funds via wire transfer or check payable to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, which is the escrow agent. All of the proceeds from the sale of the units offered hereby will be deposited into an escrow account at the escrow agent in Atlanta, Georgia. If the minimum number of units offered has not been sold within thirty days from the date of this prospectus, all monies will be refunded promptly to the subscribers, with any earned interest on a pro rata basis, and without deduction for commissions or expenses, including costs of the escrow agent. No units will be issued to the subscribers until such time as the funds are released from the escrow account to the Company within the time period described above.
 
The Company has filed to register this offering in several states. Some of those states have noted that the estimated total “selling expenses,” which includes commissions paid to the placement agents and expenses incurred by us, exceed the percentage they permit for registrations such as ours, if we only sell $5,000,000 of units. Accordingly, we will not accept subscriptions from residents of those states, absent an exemption, unless we have previously accepted subscriptions for a sufficient number of units in excess of $5,000,000 to permit our “selling expenses” to meet the applicable state threshold.
 
Before the closing date, the escrow agent will notify the placement agents when funds to pay for the units have been received. We will deposit the shares with the Depository Trust Company upon receiving notice from the placement agents that funds to pay for the units have been received. At the closing, Depository Trust Company will credit the shares to the respective accounts of the investors and the Company will issue the unit warrants. If the conditions to this offering are not satisfied or waived, then all investor funds that were deposited into escrow will be returned promptly to investors and this offering will terminate. We will pay the escrow agent a fee in connection with the escrow services.
 
Confirmations and definitive prospectuses will be distributed to all investors who agree to purchase units, informing investors of the closing date as to such units. Investors will also be informed of the date on which they must transmit the purchase price into the designated account.
 
The placement agency agreement provides that the obligations of the placement agents and the investors are subject to certain conditions precedent, including the absence of any material adverse changes in our business and the receipt of customary legal opinions, letters and certificates.
 
We have agreed to indemnify the placement agents and certain other persons against certain liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The placement agents have informed us that they will not engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions or syndicate covering transactions in connection with this offering.


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We have agreed to pay the placement agents an aggregate cash transaction fee of 8% of the gross proceeds of this offering and we have agreed to reimburse Global Hunter, as lead placement agent for reasonable expenses that it incurs in connection with the offering, but in no event greater than $125,000, all of which will be paid by the Company. Global Hunter has received an advance of $25,000 against its expenses, which advance will be returned to us to the extent expenses are not actually incurred by such placement agent and this offering is terminated prior to closing. We have also agreed to reimburse Global Hunter for the fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel for Global Hunter in connection with any filings to be made by the placement agents with FINRA, up to a maximum of $49,999.
 
We have also previously paid a $50,000 non-refundable advisory fee to Global Hunter for general advisory services, including advice as to timing, structure and pricing of a proposed offering of securities. This $50,000 advisory fee will be credited toward and deducted from the cash compensation fee otherwise due to Global Hunter in connection with this offering.
 
The estimated offering expenses payable by us, in addition to the placement agents’ cash fee, are approximately $550,000. These amounts include our legal and accounting costs and various other fees associated with registering and listing the securities offered hereby.
 
The following table shows the per unit and total maximum fees we will pay to the placement agents, assuming a maximum reimbursement of $174,999 to Global Hunter in accountable expenses and reimbursable legal fees and the sale of the minimum number and maximum number of units offered pursuant to this prospectus:
 
                 
    Minimum   Maximum
 
Per unit
  $           $        
Total
  $       $  
 
Because the offering may not be fully subscribed, the actual total may be less than the maximum amount set forth above.
 
This is a brief summary of the material provisions of the placement agency agreement and does not purport to be a complete statement of its terms and conditions. A copy of the placement agency agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information” on page 61 of this prospectus.
 
The transfer agent for the GeoVax common stock to be issued in this offering is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
 
Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol “GOVX.” On December 6, 2010, the last reported sale price for our common stock on the OTC Bulletin Board was $1.01 per share. We do not intend to apply for listing of the warrants on any securities exchange.
 
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the web site maintained by the placement agents and the placement agents may distribute the prospectus electronically.
 
We, our executive officers and directors and Emory University have entered into lock-up agreements pursuant to which we and they have agreed that, for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus, we and they will not, without the prior written consent of the placement agents, offer, sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or enter into any swap agreement with respect to, any shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of common stock, subject to certain exceptions.
 
If:
 
  •  during the last 17 days of the 180-day lock-up period, we issue an earnings release, or material news or a material event relating to us occurs; or
 
  •  prior to the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period, we announce that we will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 10-day lock-up period.
 
then the 180-day lock-up period will be extended until the expiration of the 18-day period that begins on the date the earnings release is issued, the public announcement of the material news or the material event occurs.


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Suitability Standards
 
In certain states, including Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Washington, individuals or other persons who wish to acquire units generally must qualify as “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501(a) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. However, although we reserve the right to offer units to other classes of investors if permitted by applicable state, such as institutional investors, in any of those states if such offer is exempt from registration under that state’s securities laws.
 
The placement agents will make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of shares is a suitable and appropriate investment for each investor based on information provided by such investor, including such investor’s age, investment objectives, income, net worth, financial situation and other investments held by such investors, and maintain records for at least six years of the information used to determine that an investment in the shares is suitable and appropriate for each investor.


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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK AND UNIT WARRANTS
 
Capital Stock
 
The following description of our capital stock is summarized from, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, our certificate of incorporation, which has been previously filed with the SEC and is incorporated herein by reference. This summary is not intended to give full effect to provisions of statutory or common law. We urge you to review the following documents because they, and not this summary, define your rights as a holder of shares of common stock or preferred stock:
 
  •  the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the “DGCL”, as it may be amended from time to time;
 
  •  our certificate of incorporation, as it may be amended or restated from time to time, and
 
  •  our bylaws, as they may be amended or restated from time to time.
 
General
 
Our authorized capital stock currently consists of 50,000,000 shares, which are divided into two classes consisting of 40,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of November 30, 2010, there were issued and outstanding 15,654,846 shares of common stock, options to purchase 1,035,756 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 907,594 shares of common stock. No shares of preferred stock were outstanding.
 
Common Stock
 
Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held in the election of directors and in all other matters to be voted on by the stockholders. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends as may be declared from time to time by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of common stock are to share in all assets remaining after the payment of liabilities. Holders of common stock have no pre-emptive or conversion rights and are not subject to further calls or assessments. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. The rights of the holders of the common stock are subject to any rights that may be fixed for holders of preferred stock. All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.
 
Preferred Stock
 
We are also authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Under our certificate of incorporation, the Board of Directors has the power, without further action by the holders of common stock, to designate the relative rights and preferences of the preferred stock, and to issue the preferred stock in one or more series as designated by the Board of Directors. The designation of rights and preferences could include preferences as to liquidation, redemption and conversion rights, voting rights, dividends or other preferences, any of which may be dilutive of the interest of the holders of the common stock or the preferred stock of any other series. The ability of directors, without stockholder approval, to issue additional shares of preferred stock could be used as an anti-takeover measure. Anti-takeover measures may result in you receiving less for your stock than you otherwise might. The issuance of preferred stock creates additional securities with dividend and liquidation preferences over common stock, and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control without further stockholder action and may adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of the holders of common stock. In certain circumstances, the issuance of preferred stock could depress the market price of the common stock.
 
We will not offer preferred stock unless the offering is approved by a majority of our independent directors. The independent directors will have access, at our expense, to our counsel or independent counsel.


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Unit Warrants
 
In connection with the sale of units by the Company and the sale of units by the selling stockholder in this offering, we will issue with each such unit a five-year callable warrant to purchase another share of common stock at an exercise price of $      per share, or 20.0% above the offering price of the units. After the expiration of the exercise period, unit warrant holders will have no further rights to exercise the unit warrants.
 
The unit warrants may be exercised only for full shares of common stock and may be exercised on a “cashless” basis. If the registration statement covering the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants contained in the units is no longer effective, the unit warrants may only be exercised on a “cashless” basis. We will not issue fractional shares of common stock or cash in lieu of fractional shares of common stock. Unit warrant holders do not have any voting or other rights as a stockholder of our company. The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon the exercise of each unit warrant are subject to adjustment upon the happening of certain events, such as stock dividends, distributions, and splits. In addition, the unit warrants have a “callable feature” whereby, commencing at any time after the date of issuance of the unit warrants, if the average closing sale price of the common stock for 30 consecutive trading days exceeds $     , or 225% of the offering price of the units, then we shall have the right, upon 30 days’ prior written notice, to redeem all of the then- issuable shares of common stock subject to the unit warrant at a price of $0.01 per share of common stock subject to the unit warrant.
 
Delaware Anti-Takeover Law
 
We have elected not to be subject to certain provisions of Delaware law that could make it more difficult to acquire us by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest, open market purchases, removal of incumbent directors and otherwise. These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our Board of Directors.
 
In general, Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in various “business combination” transactions with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless:
 
  •  the transaction is approved by the corporation’s board of directors prior to the date the interested stockholder obtained interested stockholder status;
 
  •  upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder’s becoming an interested stockholder, the stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned by (a) persons who are directors and also officers and (b) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
 
  •  on or subsequent to the date the business combination is approved by the corporation’s board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 662/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.
 
A “business combination” is defined to include mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in financial benefit to a stockholder. In general, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or within three years, did own, 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock.
 
Section 203 applies to Delaware corporations that have a class of voting stock that is listed on a national securities exchange or held of record by more than 2,000 stockholders; provided, however, the restrictions of this statute will not apply to a corporation if:
 
  •  the corporation’s original charter contains a provision expressly electing not to be governed by the statute;


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  •  the corporation’s board of directors adopts an amendment to the corporation’s bylaws within 90 days of the effective date of the statute expressly electing not to be governed by it;
 
  •  the stockholders of the corporation adopt an amendment to its charter or bylaws expressly electing not to be governed by the statute (so long as such amendment is approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote);
 
  •  a stockholder becomes an interested stockholder inadvertently and as soon as practicable divests himself of ownership of a sufficient number of shares so that he ceases to be an interested stockholder, and during the three year period immediately prior to a business combination, would not have been an interested stockholder but for the inadvertent acquisition;
 
  •  the business combination is proposed prior to the consummation or abandonment of a merger or consolidation, a sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition of assets of the corporation or a proposed tender or exchange offer for 50% or more of the outstanding voting shares of the corporation; or
 
  •  the business combination is with an interested stockholder who became an interested stockholder at a time when the restrictions contained in the statutes did not apply.
 
Our certificate of incorporation includes a provision electing not to be governed by Section 203 of the DCGL. Accordingly, our board of directors does not have the power to reject certain business combinations with interested stockholders based on Section 203 of the DCGL.
 
Indemnification
 
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL, provides that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to an action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the corporation’s request in such a capacity for another entity against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the action, suit or proceeding. The power to indemnify applies (i) if such person is successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding or (ii) if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The power to indemnify applies to actions brought by or in the right of the corporation as well, but only to the extent of defense expenses (including attorneys’ fees but excluding amounts paid in settlement), actually and reasonably incurred and not to any satisfaction of judgment or settlement of the claim itself, and with the further limitation that in such actions no indemnification shall be made in the event of any adjudication of negligence or misconduct in the performance of his duties to the corporation, unless a court believes that in light of all the circumstances indemnification should apply.
 
Our bylaws provide that we may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Company) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person’s conduct was unlawful. Our bylaws also provide that we may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company


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as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
 
Under our bylaws, expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an officer or director in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by former directors and officers or other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as we deem appropriate.
 
The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by our bylaws is not exclusive, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.
 
Our bylaws also provide that we may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under our bylaws. The Company maintains an insurance policy providing for indemnification of its officers, directors and certain other persons against liabilities and expenses incurred by any of them in certain stated proceedings and under certain stated conditions.
 
In October 2006, GeoVax and our subsidiary, GeoVax, Inc. entered into indemnification agreements with Messrs. McNally, Reynolds, Hildebrand, Kollintzas and Spencer. Pursuant to these agreements, we have agreed to hold harmless and indemnify these directors and officers to the full extent authorized or permitted by applicable Illinois and Georgia law against certain expenses and other liabilities actually and reasonably incurred by these individuals in connection with certain proceedings if they acted in a manner they believed in good faith to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that such conduct was unlawful. The agreements also provide for the advancement of expenses to these individuals subject to specified conditions. Under these agreements, we will not indemnify these individuals for expenses or other amounts for which applicable Illinois and Georgia law prohibit indemnification. The obligations under these agreements continue during the period in which these individuals are our directors or officers and continue thereafter so long as these individuals shall be subject to any proceeding by reason of their service to the Company, whether or not they are serving in any such capacity at the time the liability or expense incurred for which indemnification can be provided under the agreements.
 
DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION
FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES
 
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.


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In the event that a claims for indemnification against such liabilities (other than our payment of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
 
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
 
We are subject to the informational reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which requires us to file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains such information regarding issuers that file electronically, such as GeoVax Labs, Inc. The public may inspect our filings over the Internet at the SEC’s home page at www.sec.gov. The public may also read and copy any document we file at the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by the public by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Our website address is www.geovax.com. Information contained on our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus.
 
EXPERTS
 
The audited consolidated financial statements of GeoVax, Labs, Inc. and subsidiary for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 and for the period of time considered part of the development stage from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2009, included in this prospectus, have been audited by Porter Keadle Moore LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in its report appearing herein. Such financial statements have been so included in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon its authority as an expert in accounting and auditing.
 
The statements of operations, stockholders’ deficiency and cash flows of GeoVax, Inc. (a Georgia corporation in the development stage) for the period from inception (June 27, 2001) to December 31, 2005, included in this prospectus, have been audited by Tripp, Chafin & Company, LLC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in its report appearing herein. Such financial statements have been so included in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon its authority as an expert in accounting and auditing.
 
LEGAL MATTERS
 
The validity of the common stock will be passed upon for us by Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, PLLC, Atlanta, Georgia. As of the date of this prospectus, attorneys with Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, PLLC beneficially own an aggregate of approximately 37,500 shares of our common stock. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for Global Hunter by Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth, P.C., Newport Beach, California.


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GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
         
2009 Audited Financial Statements:
       
    F-2  
    F-4  
    F-5  
    F-6  
    F-7  
    F-8  
    F-19  
       
Interim Financial Statements for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010:
       
    F-20  
    F-21  
    F-22  
    F-23  
    F-24  


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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
To the Board of Directors
GeoVax Labs, Inc.
Atlanta, Georgia
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of GeoVax Labs, Inc. and subsidiary (a development stage company) (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009, and for the period of time considered part of the development stage from June 27, 2001 to December 31, 2009, except we did not audit the Company’s financial statements for the period from June 27, 2001 to December 31, 2005 which were audited by other auditors. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of GeoVax Labs, Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements and internal controls over financial reporting also included the financial statement schedule of the Company, Schedule II, on page F-18. This schedule is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits of the consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
 
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), GeoVax Labs, Inc. and subsidiary’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated February 22, 2010, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of GeoVax Labs, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
/s/  PORTER KEADLE MOORE LLP
 
Atlanta, Georgia
February 22, 2010, except for the twelfth paragraph
of Note 2, as to which the date is April 27, 2010


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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Board of Directors
GeoVax, Inc.
Atlanta, Georgia
 
We have audited the statements of operations, stockholders’ deficiency and cash flows of GeoVax, Inc. (a Georgia corporation in the development stage) for the period from inception (June 27, 2001) to December 31, 2005. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the financial statements of GeoVax, Inc. referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the results of its operations, changes in stockholders’ deficiency and cash flows for the period from inception (June 27, 2001) to December 31, 2005, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
/s/  TRIPP, CHAFIN & COMPANY, LLC
 
Marietta, Georgia
February 8, 2006, except for the twelfth paragraph
of Note 2, as to which the date is April 27, 2010


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Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
                 
    December 31,  
    2009     2008  
 
ASSETS
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 3,515,784     $ 2,191,180  
Grant funds receivable
    320,321       311,368  
Prepaid expenses and other
    44,615       299,286  
                 
Total current assets
    3,880,720       2,801,834  
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization
    344,202       138,847  
Other assets:
               
Licenses, net of accumulated amortization of $159,161 and $134,276
               
at December 31, 2009 and 2008 respectively
    89,695       114,580  
Deposits and other
    980       980  
                 
Total other assets
    90,675       115,560  
                 
Total assets
  $ 4,315,597     $ 3,056,241  
                 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
  $ 408,344     $ 176,260  
Amounts payable to Emory University (a related party)
    163,021       170,162  
                 
Total current liabilities
    571,365       346,422  
Commitments (Note 5)
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Common stock, $.001 par value, 900,000,000 shares authorized
               
15,632,564 and 14,948,977 shares outstanding at
               
December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively
    15,633       14,949  
Additional paid-in capital
    21,266,447       16,948,466  
Deficit accumulated during the development stage
    (17,537,848 )     (14,253,596 )
                 
Total stockholders’ equity
    3,744,232       2,709,819  
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 4,315,597     $ 3,056,241  
                 
 
See accompanying reports of independent registered public accounting firms and notes to financial statements.


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GEOVAX LABS. INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
                                 
                      From Inception
 
    Years Ended December 31,     (June 27, 2001) to
 
    2009     2008     2007     December 31, 2009  
 
Grant revenue
  $ 3,668,195     $ 2,910,170     $ 237,004     $ 10,226,550  
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
    4,068,682       3,741,489       1,757,125       16,560,345  
General and administrative
    2,914,845       2,970,068       2,784,182       11,512,970  
                                 
      6,983,527       6,711,557       4,541,307       28,073,315  
                                 
Loss from operations
    (3,315,332 )     (3,801,387 )     (4,304,303 )     (17,846,765 )
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest income
    31,080       73,200       62,507       314,586  
Interest expense
                      (5,669 )
                                 
      31,080       73,200       62,507       308,917  
                                 
Net loss
  $ (3,284,252 )   $ (3,728,187 )   $ (4,241,796 )   $ (17,537,848 )
                                 
Basic and diluted:
                               
Loss per common share
  $ (0.22 )   $ (0.25 )   $ (0.30 )   $ (1.87 )
Weighted average shares
    15,191,278       14,802,868       14,282,046       9,385,351  
 
See accompanying reports of independent registered public accounting firms and notes to financial statements.


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GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)
 
 
                                                 
                            Deficit
       
                            Accumulated
    Total
 
                      Stock
    During the
    Stockholders’
 
    Common Stock     Additional
    Subscription
    Development
    Equity
 
    Shares     Amount     Paid In Capital     Receivable     Stage     (Deficiency)  
 
Capital contribution at inception (June 27, 2001)
        $     $ 10     $     $     $ 10  
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2001
                            (170,592 )     (170,592 )
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2001
                10             (170,592 )     (170,582 )
Sale of common stock for cash
    2,789,954       2,790       (2,320 )                 470  
Issuance of common stock for technology license
    704,534       705       148,151                   148,856  
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2002
                            (618,137 )     (618,137 )
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2002
    3,494,488       3,495       145,841             (788,729 )     (639,393 )
Sale of common stock for cash
    1,229,278       1,229       2,458,380                   2,459,609  
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2003
                            (947,804 )     (947,804 )
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2003
    4,723,766       4,724       2,604,221             (1,736,533 )     872,412  
Sale of common stock for cash and stock subscription receivable
    1,482,605       1,483       2,988,436       (2,750,000 )             239,919  
Cash payments received on stock subscription receivable
                      750,000             750,000  
Issuance of common stock for technology license
    49,420       49       99,951                   100,000  
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2004
                            (2,351,828 )     (2,351,828 )
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2004
    6,255,791       6,256       5,692,608       (2,000,000 )     (4,088,361 )     (389,497 )
Cash payments received on stock subscription receivable
                      1,500,000             1,500,000  
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2005
                            (1,611,086 )     (1,611,086 )
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2005
    6,255,791       6,256       5,692,608       (500,000 )     (5,699,447 )     (500,583 )
Cash payments received on stock subscription receivable
                      500,000             500,000  
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock
    3,550,851       3,551       1,071,565                   1,075,116  
Common stock issued in connection with merger
    4,359,891       4,360       1,708,489                   1,712,849  
Issuance of common stock for cashless warrant exercise
    56,825       57       (57 )                  
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2006
                            (584,166 )     (584,166 )
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2006
    14,223,358       14,224       8,472,605             (6,283,613 )     2,203,216  
Sale of common stock for cash
    406,729       407       3,162,543                   3,162,950  
Issuance of common stock upon stock option exercise
    2,471       2       4,998                   5,000  
Stock-based compensation expense
                1,518,496                   1,518,496  
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2007
                            (4,241,796 )     (4,241,796 )
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2007
    14,632,558       14,633       13,158,642             (10,525,409 )     2,647,866  
Sale of common stock for cash in private placement transactions
    176,129       176       1,364,824                   1,365,000  
Transactions related to common stock purchase agreement with Fusion Capital
    130,290       130       405,961                   406,091  
Stock-based compensation:
                                               
Stock options
                1,798,169                   1,798,169  
Consultant warrants
                146,880                   146,880  
Issuance of common stock for consulting services
    10,000       10       73,990                   74,000  
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2008
                            (3,728,187 )     (3,728,187 )
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2008
    14,948,977       14,949       16,948,466             (14,253,596 )     2,709,819  
Transactions related to common stock purchase agreement with Fusion Capital
    216,261       216       1,519,784                   1,520,000  
Sale of common stock for cash upon exercise of stock purchase warrant
    462,826       463       1,499,537                   1,500,000  
Stock-based compensation:
                                               
Stock options
                1,221,764                   1,221,764  
Consultant warrants
                45,401                   45,401  
Issuance of common stock for consulting services
    4,500       5       31,495                   31,500  
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2009
                            (3,284,252 )     (3,284,252 )
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2009
    15,632,564     $ 15,633     $ 21,266,447     $     $ (17,537,848 )   $ 3,744,232  
                                                 
 
See accompanying reports of independent registered public accounting firms and notes to financial statements.


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GEOVAX LABS. INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
                                 
                      From Inception
 
    Years Ended December 31,     (June 27, 2001) to
 
    2009     2008     2007     December 31, 2009  
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
                               
Net loss
  $ (3,284,252 )   $ (3,728,187 )   $ (4,241,796 )   $ (17,537,848 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
                               
Depreciation and amortization
    89,776       61,014       54,461       336,847  
Accretion of preferred stock redemption value
                      346,673  
Stock-based compensation expense
    1,298,665       2,019,049       1,518,496       4,836,210  
Changes in assets and liabilities
                               
Grant funds receivable
    (8,953 )     (218,108 )     (93,260 )     (320,321 )
Stock subscriptions receivable
                (897,450 )      
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    254,671       (249,538 )     (11,618 )     (44,615 )
Deposits
                      (980 )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    224,943       (252,116 )     405,424       571,365  
                                 
Total adjustments
    1,859,102       1,360,301       976,053       5,725,179  
                                 
Net cash used in operating activities
    (1,425,150 )     (2,367,886 )     (3,265,743 )     (11,812,669 )
Cash flows from investing activities:
                               
Purchase of property and equipment
    (270,246 )     (99,831 )           (521,888 )
                                 
Net cash used in investing activities
    (270,246 )     (99,831 )           (521,888 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
                               
Net proceeds from sale of common stock
    3,020,000       2,668,541       3,167,950       15,121,898  
Net proceeds from sale of preferred stock
                      728,443  
                                 
Net cash provided by financing activities
    3,020,000       2,668,541       3,167,950       15,850,341  
                                 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    1,324,604       200,824       (97,793 )     3,515,784  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    2,191,180       1,990,356       2,088,149        
                                 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 3,515,784     $ 2,191,180     $ 1,990,356     $ 3,515,784  
                                 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
                               
Interest paid
  $     $     $     $ 5,669  
 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
In connection with the Merger discussed in Note 6, all of the outstanding shares of the Company’s mandatory redeemable convertible preferred stock were converted into shares of common stock as of September 28, 2006.
 
See accompanying reports of independent registered public accounting firms and notes to financial statements.


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Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 and
Period from Inception (June 27, 2001) to December 31, 2009
 
1.   Nature of Business
 
GeoVax Labs, Inc. (“GeoVax” or the “Company”), is a biotechnology company focused on developing human vaccines for diseases caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The Company has exclusively licensed from Emory University (“Emory”) vaccine technology which was developed in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”). The Company is incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware and its principal offices are located in Smyrna, Georgia (metropolitan Atlanta area).
 
The Company is devoting all of its present efforts to research and development. We have funded our activities to date almost exclusively from equity financings and government grants, and we will continue to require substantial funds to continue these activities. We expect that our existing cash resources, combined with the proceeds from the NIH grant discussed in Note 4 and our anticipated use of the common stock purchase agreement discussed in Note 7, will be sufficient to fund our planned activities at least through 2010. The extent to which we rely on the common stock purchase agreement as a source of funding will depend on a number of factors including the prevailing market price of our common stock and the extent to which we choose to secure working capital from other sources, if available.
 
2.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of GeoVax, Inc. from inception together with those of GeoVax Labs, Inc. from September 28, 2006 (see Note 6). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
Development-Stage Enterprise
 
GeoVax is devoting all of its present efforts to research and development and is a development stage enterprise as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 915, “Development Stage Entities”. All losses accumulated since inception (June 27, 2001) have been considered as part of the Company’s development stage activities.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of bank deposits and money market accounts. The recorded values approximate fair market values due to the short maturities.


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GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Concentration of Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments that subject us to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, which are maintained by a high credit quality financial institution. The carrying values reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents approximate fair values.
 
Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment are stated at cost. The components of property and equipment as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 are as follows:
 
                 
    2009     2008  
 
Laboratory equipment
  $ 389,494     $ 243,663  
Leasehold improvements
    115,605        
Other furniture, fixtures & equipment
    16,789       7,979  
                 
Total property and equipment
    521,888       251,642  
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (177,686 )     (112,795 )
                 
Property and equipment, net
  $ 344,202     $ 138,847  
                 
 
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred, while additions and improvements are capitalized. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets which range from three to five years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the remaining term of the related lease. Depreciation and amortization expense was $64,891, $36,128, and $29,575 during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
Other Assets
 
Other assets consist principally of license agreements for the use of technology obtained through the issuance of the Company’s common stock. These license agreements are amortized on a straight line basis over ten years. Amortization expense related to these agreements was $24,886 during each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and is expected to be $24,886, $24,886, $19,923, $10,000 and $10,000 for each of the next five years, respectively.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by such assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the discounted expected future net cash flows from the assets.
 
Accrued Liabilities
 
As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we estimate expenses that we believe we have incurred, but have not yet been billed by our third party vendors. This process involves identifying services and activities that have been performed by such vendors on our behalf and estimating the level to which they have been performed and the associated cost incurred for such service as of each balance sheet date in our financial statements. Examples of expenses for which we accrue include fees for professional services and fees owed to contract manufacturers in conjunction with the manufacture of vaccines for our clinical trials. We make these estimates based upon progress of activities related to contractual obligations and information received from vendors.


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GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Restatement for Recapitalization and Reverse Stock Split
 
All share amounts and per share figures in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related footnotes have been restated for the 2006 recapitalization discussed in Note 6.
 
Effective April 27, 2010, the Company enacted a one-for-fifty reverse stock split of its common stock. The accompanying consolidated financial statements, and all share and per share information contained herein, have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split.
 
Net Loss Per Share
 
Basic and diluted loss per common share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. All common share equivalents (which consist of options and warrants) are excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share since the effect would be anti-dilutive. Common share equivalents which could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future, and which were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share, totaled: 1,866,550, 2,296,582; and 1,872,752 shares at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
We recognize revenue in accordance with the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, as amended by Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition, (“SAB 104”). SAB 104 provides guidance in applying U.S. generally accepted accounting principles to revenue recognition issues, and specifically addresses revenue recognition for upfront, nonrefundable fees received in connection with research collaboration agreements. During 2009, 2008 and 2007, our revenue consisted of grant funding received from the National Institutes of Health (see Note 4). Revenue from this arrangement is approximately equal to the costs incurred and is recorded as income as the related costs are incurred.
 
Research and Development Expense
 
Research and development expense primarily consists of costs incurred in the discovery, development, testing and manufacturing of our product candidates. These expenses consist primarily of (i) fees paid to third-party service providers to perform, monitor and accumulate data related to the Company’s preclinical studies and clinical trials, (ii) costs related to sponsored research agreements, (iii) the costs to procure and manufacture materials used in clinical trials, (iv) laboratory supplies and facility-related expenses to conduct development, and (v) salaries, benefits, and share-based compensation for personnel. These costs are charged to expense as incurred.
 
Patent Costs
 
Our expenditures relating to obtaining and protecting patents are charged to expense when incurred, and are included in general and administrative expense.
 
Period to Period Comparisons
 
Our operating results are expected to fluctuate for the foreseeable future. Therefore, period-to-period comparisons should not be relied upon as predictive of the results for future periods.
 
Income Taxes
 
We account for income taxes using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities


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Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
are measured using enacted rates in effect for the year in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance unless, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
We account for stock-based transactions in which the Company receives services from employees, directors or others in exchange for equity instruments based on the fair value of the award at the grant date. Compensation cost for awards of common stock is estimated based on the price of the underlying common stock on the date of issuance. Compensation cost for stock options or warrants is estimated at the grant date based on each instrument’s fair-value as calculated by the Black-Scholes- option-pricing model. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the award. See Note 7 for additional stock-based compensation information.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In June 2009, the FASB issued guidance now codified as ASC Topic 105, “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”, as the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). ASC Topic 105 does not change current U.S. GAAP, but is intended to simplify user access to all authoritative GAAP by providing all authoritative literature related to a particular topic in one place (the “Codification”). The Codification became the source of authoritative GAAP recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under authority of federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. On the effective date of ASC Topic 105, the Codification superseded all then-existing non-SEC accounting and reporting standards. All other non-grandfathered non-SEC accounting literature not included in the Codification became non-authoritative. The provisions of ASC Topic 105 are effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009 and, accordingly, are effective for the Company for the current fiscal reporting period. The adoption of ASC Topic 105 did not have an impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows, but will impact our financial reporting process by eliminating all references to pre-codification standards. All references to accounting literature included in the notes to our financial statements have been changed to reference the appropriate sections of the Codification.
 
Following ASC Topic 105, the FASB will not issue new standards in the form of Statements, FASB Staff Positions, or Emerging Issues Task Force Abstracts. Instead, it will issue Accounting Standards Updates. The FASB does not consider Accounting Standards Updates as authoritative in their own right. Accounting Standards Updates serve only to update the Codification, provide background information about the guidance, and provide the bases for conclusions on changes in the Codification.
 
In September 2006, the FASB issued guidance now codified under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” which provides enhanced guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities, provides a common definition of fair value, and establishes a framework to make the measurement of fair value under GAAP more consistent and comparable. The pronouncement also requires expanded disclosures to provide information about the extent to which fair value is used to measure assets and liabilities, the methods and assumptions used to measure fair value, and the effect of fair value measures on earnings. In February 2008, the FASB released additional guidance also now codified under ASC Topic 820, which delayed the January 1, 2008 effective date for application of certain guidance related to non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis, until January 1, 2009. The implementation of this pronouncement did not have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.


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Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
In March 2008, the FASB issued guidance now codified under ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, which amends and expands the disclosure requirements previously required for derivative instruments and hedging activities. We adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2009 and it did not have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
 
In April 2008, the FASB issued guidance now codified under ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other,” which amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset. We adopted the provisions of this pronouncement effective January 1, 2009, and it did not have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
 
In June 2008, the FASB issued guidance now codified under ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share.” This pronouncement addresses whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities prior to vesting, and therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in calculating earnings per share under the two-class method of computing earnings per share. This pronouncement requires companies to treat unvested share-based payment awards that have non-forfeitable rights to dividend or dividend equivalents as a separate class of securities in calculating earnings per share. We adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2009 and it did not have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
 
In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance now codified under ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” which amends previous Topic 825 guidance to require disclosures about fair value of financial instruments in interim as well as annual financial statements. We adopted this pronouncement effective April 1, 2009 and it did not have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
 
In May 2009, the FASB issued guidance now codified under ASC Topic 855, “Subsequent Events,” which establishes general standards of accounting for, and disclosures of, events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. We adopted this pronouncement effective June 30, 2009 and it did not have a material effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. We have performed an evaluation of subsequent events through February 22, 2010 , which is the date these financial statements were issued.
 
We do not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on our financial statements.
 
3.   License Agreements
 
Emory License — During 2002, we entered into a license agreement with Emory University (the “Emory License”), a related party, for technology required in conjunction with certain products under development by us in exchange for 704,534 shares of our common stock valued at $148,856. The Emory License, among other contractual obligations, requires payments based on milestone achievements, royalties on our sales or on payments to us by our sublicensees, and payment of maintenance fees in the event certain milestones are not met within the time periods specified in the agreement. The Emory License expires on the date of the latest expiration date of the underlying patents.
 
MFD License — During 2004, we entered into a license agreement with MFD, Inc. in exchange for 49,420 shares of our common stock valued at $100,000. Pursuant to this agreement, we obtained a fully paid, worldwide, irrevocable exclusive license to certain patents covering technology that may be employed by our products.


F-12


Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
4.   NIH Grant
 
In September 2007, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) awarded us an Integrated Preclinical/Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development (IPCAVD) grant to support our HIV/AIDS vaccine program. The project period for the grant, which is renewable annually, covers a five-year period which commenced October 2007, with an expected annual award of generally between $3 and $4 million per year (approximately $18.3 million in the aggregate). The most recent award is for the period September 1, 2009 through August 31, 2010 in the amount of $4.7 million. We are utilizing this funding to further our HIV/AIDS vaccine development, optimization and production. We record revenue associated with the grant as the related costs and expenses are incurred and such revenue is reported as a separate line item in our statements of operations. During 2009, 2008 and 2007, we recorded $3,668,195, $2,910,170 and $237,004, respectively, of revenue associated with the grant.
 
5.   Commitments
 
Lease Agreements
 
In September 2009, we executed a lease agreement, effective November 1, 2009, for approximately 8400 square feet of office and laboratory space located in Smyrna, Georgia (metropolitan Atlanta). Future minimum lease payments pursuant to the 62 month lease total $114,570 in 2010, $118,010 in 2011, $121,560 in 2012, $125,180 in 2013 and $128,920 in 2014.
 
Other Commitments
 
In the normal course of business, we may enter into various firm purchase commitments related to production and testing of our vaccine material, and other research-related activities. As of December 31, 2009, there were less than $10,000 of unrecorded outstanding purchase commitments to our vendors and subcontractors, which will be due in less than one year.
 
6.   2006 Merger and Recapitalization
 
The Company was originally incorporated in June 1988 under the laws of Illinois as Dauphin Technology, Inc. (“Dauphin”). Dauphin was unsuccessful and its operations were terminated in December 2003. In September 2006, Dauphin completed a merger (the “Merger”) with GeoVax, Inc. which was incorporated under the laws of Georgia in June 2001. As a result of the Merger, the shareholders of GeoVax, Inc. exchanged their shares of common stock for Dauphin common stock and GeoVax, Inc. became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dauphin. Dauphin then changed its name to GeoVax Labs, Inc. and replaced its officers and directors with those of GeoVax, Inc. Subsequent to the Merger, the Company has not conducted any business other than GeoVax, Inc.’s business of developing human vaccines. The Merger was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting as a reverse acquisition in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Under this method of accounting, Dauphin was treated as the acquired company and, accordingly, all financial information prior to the date of Merger presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, or in the notes herein, as well as any references to prior operations, are those of GeoVax, Inc. In June 2008, the Company was reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware.
 
7.   Stockholders’ Equity
 
Common Stock Transactions
 
During April and May 2008, we sold an aggregate of 176,129 shares of our common stock to 16 individual accredited investors for an aggregate purchase price of $1,365,000. We also issued to the investors warrants to purchase an aggregate of 282,097 shares of common stock at a price of $16.50 per share, 165,161 of which expire in May 2013, with the remainder expiring in April/May 2012.


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Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
In September 2009, we issued 462,826 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1,500,000 upon the exercise of a previously issued stock purchase warrant.
 
We may, from time to time, issue shares of our common stock to consultants or others in exchange for services. During 2009 and 2008 we issued 4,500 and 10,000 shares, respectively, for consulting services; and we recorded general and administrative expense of $31,500 and $74,000 during each respective period related to these issuances.
 
Common Stock Purchase Agreement
 
In May 2008, we signed a common stock purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC (“Fusion Capital”). The Purchase Agreement allows us to require Fusion Capital to purchase up to $10 million of our common stock in amounts ranging from $80,000 to $1.0 million per purchase transaction, depending on certain conditions, from time to time over a 25-month period beginning July 1, 2008, the date on which the SEC declared effective the registration statement related to the transaction.
 
The purchase price of the shares relating to the Purchase Agreement is based on the prevailing market prices of our shares at the times of the sales without any fixed discount, and we control the timing and amounts of any sales of shares to Fusion Capital. Fusion Capital does not have the right or the obligation to purchase any shares of our common stock on any business day that the purchase price of our common stock is below $2.50 per share. As primary consideration for entering into the Purchase Agreement, and upon the execution of the Purchase Agreement we issued to Fusion Capital 49,610 shares of our common stock as a commitment fee, and we agreed to issue to Fusion Capital up to an additional 49,610 commitment fee shares, on a pro rata basis, as we receive the $10 million of future funding. The Purchase Agreement may be terminated by us at any time at our discretion without any additional cost to us. There are no negative covenants, restrictions on future financings, penalties or liquidated damages in the agreement.
 
During 2008 we sold 74,199 shares to Fusion under the terms of the Purchase Agreement for an aggregate purchase price of $500,000, and issued 2,481 shares to Fusion pursuant to our deferred commitment fee arrangement. During 2009, we sold 208,720 shares to Fusion for an aggregate purchase price of $1,520,000, and issued 7,541 shares pursuant to our deferred commitment fee arrangement.
 
Stock Options
 
In 2006 we adopted the GeoVax Labs, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Stock Option Plan”) for the granting of qualified incentive stock options (“ISO’s”), nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards or restricted stock bonuses to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors of the Company. The exercise price for any option granted may not be less than fair value (110% of fair value for ISO’s granted to certain employees). Options granted under the Stock Option Plan have a maximum ten-year term and generally vest over three years. The Company has reserved 1,020,000 shares of its common stock for issuance under the Stock Option Plan.


F-14


Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
A summary of activity under the Stock Option Plan as of December 31, 2009, and changes during the year then ended is presented below:
 
                                 
                Weighted-
       
          Weighted-
    Average
       
          Average
    Remaining
    Aggregate
 
    Number
    Exercise
    Contractual
    Intrinsic
 
    of Shares     Price     Term (yrs)     Value  
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2009
    938,955     $ 6.24                  
Granted
    68,500       7.00                  
Exercised
                           
Forfeited or expired
    (48,500 )     14.72                  
                                 
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
    958,955     $ 5.87       5.5     $ 4,292,646  
                                 
Exercisable at December 31, 2009
    788,188     $ 5.57       4.8     $ 3,984,013  
                                 
 
Additional information concerning our stock options for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 is as follows:
 
                         
    2009     2008     2007  
 
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period
  $ 6.15     $ 5.93     $ 14.84  
Intrinsic value of options exercised during the period
                22,181  
Total fair value of options vested during the period
    1,143,326       1,074,454       1,156,020  
 
We use a Black-Scholes model for determining the grant date fair value of our stock option grants. This model utilizes certain information, such as the interest rate on a risk-free security with a term generally equivalent to the expected life of the option being valued and requires certain other assumptions, such as the expected amount of time an option will be outstanding until it is exercised or expired, to calculate the fair value of stock options granted. The significant assumptions we used in our fair value calculations were as follows:
 
                         
    2009     2008     2007  
 
Weighted average risk-free interest rates
    2.8 %     2.9 %     4.5 %
Expected dividend yield
    0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %
Expected life of option
    7 yrs       7 yrs       6.8 yrs  
Expected volatility
    112.3 %     100.5 %     135 %
 
Stock-based compensation expense related to the Stock Option Plan was $1,221,764, $1,798,169 and $1,296,196 during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The 2008 and 2007 expense includes $425,725 and $242,113, respectively, associated with extensions of previously issued stock option grants (accounted for as reissuances) which were due to expire in 2007 to 2011. Stock option expense is allocated to research and development expense or to general and administrative expense based on the related employee classifications and corresponds to the allocation of employee salaries. For the three years ended December 31, 2009, stock option expense was allocated as follows:
 
                         
    2009     2008     2007  
 
General and administrative expense
  $ 917,110     $ 1,304,128     $ 1,012,083  
Research and development expense
    304,654       494,041       284,113  
                         
Total stock option expense
  $ 1,221,764     $ 1,798,169     $ 1,296,196  


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Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
As of December 31, 2009, there was $943,295 of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock-based compensation arrangements. The unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 2.2 years.
 
Compensatory Warrants
 
We may, from time to time, issue stock purchase warrants to consultants or others in exchange for services. A summary of our compensatory warrant activity as of December 31, 2009, and changes during the year then ended is presented below:
 
                                 
                Weighted-
       
          Weighted-
    Average
       
          Average
    Remaining
    Aggregate
 
    Number
    Exercise
    Contractual
    Intrinsic
 
    of Shares     Price     Term (yrs)     Value  
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2008
    54,000     $ 16.50                  
Granted
    59,400       7.00                  
Exercised
                           
Forfeited or expired
    (54,000 )     16.50                  
                                 
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
    59,400     $ 7.00       2.7     $ 118,800  
                                 
Exercisable at December 31, 2009
    55,350     $ 7.00       2.7     $ 110,700  
                                 
 
Additional information concerning our compensatory warrants for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 is as follows:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31,
    2009   2008   2007
 
Weighted average fair value of warrants granted during the period
  $ 4.75     $ 2.72     $ 12.35  
Intrinsic value of warrants exercised during the period
                 
Total fair value of warrants vested during the period
    6,413       146,880       266,760  
 
We use a Black-Scholes model for determining the grant date fair value of our compensatory warrants. The significant assumptions we used in our fair value calculations were as follows:
 
                         
    2009   2008   2007
 
Weighted average risk-free interest rates
    1.54 %     2.01 %     4.6 %
Expected dividend yield
    0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %
Expected life of warrant
    3 yrs       2.5 yrs       3 yrs  
Expected volatility
    112.1 %     99.0 %     113.6 %
 
Expense associated with compensatory warrants was $45,401, $146,880 and $222,300 during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. All such expense was allocated to general and administrative expense. As of December 31, 2009, there was $121,058 of unrecognized compensation expense related to compensatory warrant arrangements. The unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 1 year.
 
Investment Warrants
 
In addition to outstanding stock options and compensatory warrants, as of December 31, 2009 we have a total of 848,195 outstanding stock purchase warrants issued to investors in connection with previous financing


F-16


Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
transactions. These warrants have a weighted-average exercise price of $16.50 per share and a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 2.6 years.
 
8.   Retirement Plan
 
We participate in a multi-employer defined contribution retirement plan (the “401k Plan”) administered by a third party service provider; and the Company contributes to the 401k Plan on behalf of its employees based upon a matching formula. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 our contributions to the 401k Plan were $25,057, $11,691 and $6,535, respectively.
 
9.   Income Taxes
 
At December 31, 2009, we have a consolidated federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward of approximately $72.2 million, available to offset against future taxable income which expires in varying amounts in 2010 through 2029. Additionally, we have approximately $522,000 in research and development (“R&D”) tax credits that expire in 2022 through 2028 unless utilized earlier. No income taxes have been paid to date.
 
As a result of the Merger discussed in Note 6, our NOL carryforward increased substantially due to the addition of approximately $59.7 million of historical NOL carryforwards for Dauphin Technology, Inc. However, Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code contains provisions that may limit our utilization of NOL and R&D tax credit carryforwards in any given year as a result of significant changes in ownership interests that have occurred in past periods or may occur in future periods.
 
Deferred income taxes reflect the net effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities included the following at December 31, 2009 and 2008:
 
                 
    2009     2008  
 
Deferred tax assets:
               
Net operating loss carryforward
  $ 25,035,390     $ 24,217,858  
Research and development tax credit carryforward
    522,322       354,581  
Stock-based compensation expense
    1,569,212       1,127,665  
Other
    32,300        
                 
Total deferred tax assets
    27,159,224       25,700,104  
Deferred tax liabilities
               
Depreciation
    (31,091 )     (25,222 )
                 
Total deferred tax liabilities
    (31,091 )     (25,222 )
                 
Net deferred tax assets
    27,128,132       25,674,882  
Valuation allowance
    (27,128,132 )     (25,674,882 )
                 
    $     $  
                 
 
We have established a full valuation allowance equal to the amount of our net deferred tax assets due to uncertainties with respect to our ability to generate sufficient taxable income to realize these assets in the future.


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Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
A reconciliation of the income tax benefit on losses at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the reported income tax expense is as follows:
 
                         
    2009     2008     2007  
 
U.S. federal statutory rate applied to pretax loss
  $ (1,116,646 )   $ (1,267,584 )   $ (1,442,211 )
Permanent differences
    3,223       3,054       4,719  
Research and development credits
          167,741       100,296  
Change in valuation allowance (excluding impact of the Merger discussed in Note 6)
    1,113,423       1,096,789       1,337,196  
                         
Reported income tax expense
  $     $     $  
                         
 
10.   Related Party Transactions
 
We are obligated to reimburse Emory University (a significant stockholder of the Company) for certain prior and ongoing costs in connection with the filing, prosecution and maintenance of patent applications subject to the Emory License (see Note 3). The expense associated with these ongoing patent cost reimbursements to Emory amounted to $85,673, $102,141 and $243,653 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
In June 2008, we entered into two subcontracts with Emory for the purpose of conducting research and development activities associated with our grant from the NIH (see Note 4). During 2009 and 2008, we recorded $816,651 and $723,887, respectively, of expense associated with these subcontracts. All amounts paid to Emory under these subcontracts are reimbursable to us pursuant to the NIH grant.
 
Through November 2009, we leased office and laboratory space on a month-to-month basis from Emtech Biotechnology Development, Inc., a related party associated with Emory. Rent expense associated with this lease totaled $43,112, $47,041 and $36,588 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
In March 2008, we entered into a consulting agreement with Donald Hildebrand, the Chairman of our Board of Directors and our former President & Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to which Mr. Hildebrand provides business and technical advisory services to the Company. The term of the consulting agreement began on April 1, 2008 and originally was to end on December 31, 2009; in December 2009 the consulting agreement was extended for an additional year. During 2009 and 2008, we recorded $57,600 and $64,000, respectively, of expense associated with the consulting agreement.
 
11.   Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)
 
A summary of selected quarterly financial data for 2009 and 2008 is as follows:
 
                                 
    2009 Quarter Ended
    March 31   June 30   September 30   December 31
 
Revenue from grants
  $ 710,155     $ 752,800     $ 1,808,551     $ 396,689  
Net loss
    (861,509 )     (1,348,653 )     (230,815 )     (843,275 )
Net loss per share
    (0.06 )     (0.09 )     (0.02 )     (0.05 )
 
                                 
    2008 Quarter Ended
    March 31   June 30   September 30   December 31
 
Revenue from grants
  $ 599,991     $ 376,078     $ 1,322,502     $ 611,599  
Net loss
    (682,510 )     (1,284,352 )     (722,108 )     (1,039,217 )
Net loss per share
    (0.05 )     (0.09 )     (0.05 )     (0.07 )


F-18


Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
 
SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007
 
                                         
        Additions        
    Balance at
  Charged to
  Charged to
      Balance at
    Beginning
  Costs and
  Other
      End
Description
  of Period   Expenses   Accounts   Deductions   of Period
 
Reserve Deducted in the Balance Sheet From the Asset to Which it Applies:
                                       
Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets
                                       
Year ended December 31, 2009
  $ 25,674,882     $ 1,453,250     $     $     $ 27,128,132  
Year ended December 31, 2008
  $ 24,436,911     $ 1,237,971     $     $     $ 25,674,882  
Year ended December 31, 2007
  $ 22,792,303     $ 1,644,608     $     $     $ 24,436,911  


F-19


Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
                 
    September 30,
    December 31,
 
    2010     2009  
    (Unaudited)        
 
ASSETS
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 1,426,342     $ 3,515,784  
Grant funds receivable
    694,994       320,321  
Prepaid expenses and other
    15,649       44,615  
                 
Total current assets
    2,136,985       3,880,720  
                 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $266,269 and $177,686 at September 30, 2010 and December, 31, 2009, respectively
    255,619       344,202  
Other assets:
               
Licenses, net of accumulated amortization of $177,825 and $159,161 at September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively
    71,031       89,695  
Deferred offering costs
    517,173        
Deposits and other
    11,990       980  
                 
Total other assets
    600,194       90,675  
                 
Total assets
  $ 2,992,798     $ 4,315,597  
                 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
  $ 354,502     $ 408,344  
Amounts payable to Emory University (a related party)
    492,517       163,021  
                 
Total current liabilities
    847,019       571,365  
                 
Commitments
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Common stock, $.001 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized; 15,654,846 and 15,632,564 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively
    15,655       15,633  
Additional paid-in capital
    21,936,516       21,266,447  
Deficit accumulated during the development stage
    (19,806,392 )     (17,537,848 )
                 
Total stockholders’ equity
    2,145,779       3,744,232  
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 2,992,798     $ 4,315,597  
                 
 
See accompanying notes to financial statements.


F-20


Table of Contents

GEOVAX LABS, INC.
(A DEVELOPMENT-STAGE ENTERPRISE)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
 
                                         
                            From Inception
 
    Three Months Ended
    Nine Months Ended
    (June 27, 2001) to
 
    September 30,     September 30,     September 30,
 
    2010     2009     2010     2009     2010  
 
Grant revenue
  $ 1,163,288     $ 1,808,551     $ 4,239,017     $ 3,271,506     $ 14,465,567  
Operating expenses:
                                       
Research and development
    908,780       1,470,200       4,019,931       3,530,329       20,580,276  
General and administrative
    903,850       573,906       2,508,539       2,203,776       14,021,509  
                                         
Total operating expenses
    1,812,630       2,044,106       6,528,470       5,734,105       34,601,785  
                                         
Loss from operations
    (649,342 )     (235,555 )     (2,289,453 )     (2,462,599 )     (20,136,218 )
Other income (expense):
                                       
Interest income
    4,676       4,740       20,909       21,622       335,495  
Interest expense
                            (5,669 )
                                         
Total other income (expense)
    4,676       4,740       20,909       21,622       329,826  
                                         
                                         
Net loss
  $ (644,666 )   $