Edgar Filing: PLUG POWER INC

Form 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2006

¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number: 0-27527

PLUG POWER INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

968 ALBANY-SHAKER ROAD, LATHAM, NEW YORK 12110

(Address of registrant’s principal executive office)

(518) 782-7700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Delaware

22-3672377

(State or other jurisdiction

of Incorporation)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Large Accelerated Filer ¨ Accelerated Filer x Non-Accelerated Filer ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b 2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

The number of shares of common stock, par value of $.01 per share, outstanding as of October 27, 2006 was 86,615,185

PLUG POWER INC.

INDEX to FORM 10-Q


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 – Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005		3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2006 and September 30, 2005 and Cumulative Amounts from Inception		4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Nine month periods ended September 30, 2006 and September 30, 2005 and Cumulative Amounts from Inception		5

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		6

Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		13

Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		22

Item 4 – Controls and Procedures		22

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A– Risk Factors		23

Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		23

Item 6 – Exhibits		24

Signatures		25

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

(A Development Stage Enterprise)

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2006			December 31, 2005
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	43,043,744		$	21,877,726
Restricted cash		385,000			385,000
Marketable securities		235,421,645			75,685,634
Accounts receivable		1,228,585			1,516,969
Inventory		4,713,322			4,692,515
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,938,704			1,524,004

Total current assets		286,731,000			105,681,848
Restricted cash		3,580,274			3,580,274
Property, plant and equipment, net		18,654,981			19,826,111
Goodwill		10,388,980			10,388,980
Other assets		227,945			307,164

Total assets	$	319,583,180		$	139,784,377

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		2,309,322			2,660,130
Accrued expenses		2,314,292			3,835,973
Deferred revenue		3,161,120			3,148,048
Current portion of capital lease obligation and long-term debt		385,000			526,806

Total current liabilities		8,169,734			10,170,957
Long-term debt		3,603,641			3,603,641
Other liabilities		1,098,042			1,054,888

Total liabilities		12,871,417			14,829,486

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 395,000 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2006 and 0 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2005		3,950			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 245,000,000 shares authorized; 86,612,086 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2006 and 85,835,248 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2005		866,125			858,353
Additional paid-in capital		749,842,096			531,435,616
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		109,267			(257,120	)
Deficit accumulated during the development stage		(444,109,675	)		(407,081,958	)

Total stockholders’ equity		306,711,763			124,954,891

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	319,583,180		$	139,784,377

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

(A Development Stage Enterprise)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,						Cumulative Amounts from Inception
	2006			2005			2006			2005			Cumulative Amounts from Inception
Revenue
Product and service revenue	$	676,378		$	1,309,718		$	2,275,958		$	3,839,757		$	31,979,408
Research and development contract revenue		1,079,161			2,570,957			4,519,446			6,918,289			61,618,737

Total revenue		1,755,539			3,880,675			6,795,404			10,758,046			93,598,145

Cost of revenue and expenses
Cost of product and service revenue		761,453			796,057			3,318,813			2,479,038			32,616,256
Cost of research and development contract revenue		1,335,963			3,364,876			6,223,503			9,534,668			87,376,479
In-process research and development		—			—			—			—			12,026,640
Research and development expense:
Noncash stock-based compensation		712,851			386,777			2,093,126			1,136,131			10,899,302
Other research and development		10,855,776			9,121,130			28,496,477			25,934,314			324,515,271
General and administrative expense:
Noncash stock-based compensation		319,595			274,739			1,085,715			878,688			17,486,280
Other general and administrative		3,123,729			1,980,584			7,800,212			5,855,418			59,906,667

Operating loss		(15,353,828	)		(12,043,488	)		(42,222,442	)		(35,060,211	)		(451,228,750	)
Interest income		3,532,965			669,182			5,353,011			1,224,906			27,032,411
Interest expense		(55,932	)		(45,257	)		(158,286	)		(108,119	)		(1,335,586	)

Loss before equity in losses of affiliates		(11,876,795	)		(11,419,563	)		(37,027,717	)		(33,943,424	)		(425,531,925	)
Equity in losses of affiliates		—			(448,274	)		—			(1,347,003	)		(18,577,750	)

Net loss	$	(11,876,795	)	$	(11,867,837	)	$	(37,027,717	)	$	(35,290,427	)	$	(444,109,675	)

Loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.43	)	$	(0.47	)

Weighted average number of shares outstanding		86,184,390			80,193,623			86,045,202			75,728,709

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

(A Development Stage Enterprise)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Nine months ended September 30,						Cumulative Amounts from Inception
	2006			2005			Cumulative Amounts from Inception
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(37,027,717	)	$	(35,290,427	)	$	(444,109,675	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,411,277			2,582,466			29,375,038
Equity in losses of affiliates		—			1,347,003			18,577,750
Amortization of intangible asset		—			687,500			15,124,501
Noncash prepaid development costs		—			—			10,000,000
Amortization of deferred grant revenue		—			—			(1,000,000	)
Stock-based compensation		3,838,936			2,463,618			28,867,919
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment		—			(5,000	)		27,493
In-kind services		—			—			1,340,000
Amortization and write-off of deferred rent		—			—			2,000,000
In-process research and development		—			—			7,042,640
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		288,384			1,291,508			(1,009,244	)
Inventory		(20,807	)		(1,089,706	)		(4,358,749	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(417,679	)		(389,718	)		(4,015,556	)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(1,872,489	)		583,552			2,944,380
Deferred revenue		13,072			(2,267,154	)		4,161,120

Net cash used in operating activities		(32,787,023	)		(30,086,358	)		(335,032,383	)

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:

Proceeds from acquisition, net		—			—			29,465,741
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(1,114,794	)		(1,630,159	)		(33,819,175	)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment		—			5,000			315,666
Purchase of intangible asset		—			—			(9,624,500	)
Investment in affiliate		—			—			(1,500,000	)
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities		675,017,890			93,979,316			1,594,834,088
Purchases of marketable securities		(834,387,515	)		(100,745,229	)		(1,830,146,467	)

Net cash used in investing activities		(160,484,419	)		(8,391,072	)		(250,474,647	)

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:

Proceeds from issuance of common and preferred stock		217,311,820			70,875,000			428,529,602
Proceeds from public offerings, net		—			—			201,911,705
Stock issuance costs		(2,953,549	)		(256,480	)		(5,631,885	)
Proceeds from shares issued for stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plan		220,995			686,019			10,586,672
Cash placed in escrow		—			—			(3,965,274	)
Principal payments on long-term debt and capital lease obligations		(141,806	)		(50,495	)		(2,880,046	)

Net cash provided by financing activities		214,437,460			71,254,044			628,550,774

Increase in cash and cash equivalents		21,166,018			32,776,614			43,043,744
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		21,877,726			18,976,767			—

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	43,043,744		$	51,753,381		$	43,043,744

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Plug Power Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Nature of Operations

Description of Business

Plug Power Inc. and subsidiaries (Company) was originally formed as a joint venture between Edison Development Corporation (EDC) and Mechanical Technology Incorporated (MTI) in the State of Delaware on June 27, 1997 and succeeded by merger to all of the assets, liabilities and equity of Plug Power, LLC in November 1999.

The Company is focused on its proprietary proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell and fuel processing technology, from which multiple products are being offered or are under development. The Company is currently offering for commercial sale its GenCore^® product, a backup power product for telecommunications, broadband, utility and industrial uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications. The Company is also developing additional products, including a continuous power product, with optional combined heat and power capability for remote small commercial and remote residential applications.

Liquidity

The Company’s cash requirements depend on numerous factors, including completion of our product development activities, ability to commercialize our on-site energy products, market acceptance of our systems and other factors. The Company expects to continue to devote substantial capital resources to continue its development programs directed at commercializing on-site energy products for worldwide use, hiring and training our production staff, developing and expanding our manufacturing capacity, and continuing expansion of our production and our research and development activities. The Company will pursue the expansion of its operations through internal growth and strategic acquisitions and expects that such activities will be funded from existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and the issuance of additional equity or debt securities or additional borrowings subject to market and other conditions. The failure to raise the funds necessary to finance the Company’s future cash requirements or consummate future acquisitions could adversely affect its ability to pursue its strategy and could negatively affect its operations in future periods. The Company anticipates incurring additional losses over at least the next several years.

At September 30, 2006, the Company had unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities in the amount of $278.5 million and working capital of $278.6 million. Management believes that the Company’s currently available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will provide sufficient capital to fund operations for at least the next twelve months.

2. Basis of Presentation

Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Interim Financial Statements: The unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.

The information presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2005 has been derived from the Company’s December 31, 2005 audited consolidated financial statements. All other information has been derived from the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements for the periods as of and ending September 30, 2006 and 2005.

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts, overnight repurchase agreements and certificates of deposit with an initial term of less than three months. For purposes of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

At September 30, 2006, the Company had restricted cash in the amount of $4.0 million that is required to be placed in escrow to collateralize debt related to the purchase of real estate. The escrowed amounts are recorded under the captions, “Restricted cash” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Marketable Securities: Marketable securities include investments in equity, debt, and mortgage backed securities, which are carried at fair value. These investments are considered available for sale, and the difference between the amortized cost and the fair value of these securities is reflected as a component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). At September 30, 2006, the difference between the cost and the fair value of these securities result in an unrealized gain in the amount of $109,267. At September 30, 2006, the Company held marketable securities with maturities up to thirty-six months.

Inventory: Inventory is stated at the lower of average cost or market and generally consists of raw materials.

Goodwill: Goodwill acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life is not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually or upon the occurrence of triggering events in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”. Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of net assets acquired pursuant to the March 25, 2003 merger transaction with H Power Corp. (H Power).

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: Long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.

Product and Service Revenue: The Company applies the guidance within SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements” (SAB 104) in the evaluation of its contracts to determine when to properly recognize revenue. Under SAB 104, revenue is recognized when title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the sales price is determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured.

The Company’s initial sales of GenSys^® and GenCore^® are contract-specific arrangements containing multiple obligations, which may include a combination of fuel cell systems, continued service, maintenance and other support. While contract terms require payment upon delivery and installation of the fuel cell system and are not contingent on the achievement of specific milestones or other substantive performance, the multiple obligations within contractual arrangements are not accounted for separately based on the Company’s limited commercial experience and available evidence of fair value. The Company’s contractual arrangements under its initial commercial sales are with a limited number of customers and the arrangements are separately negotiated and not combined. As a result, the Company defers recognition of product and service revenue and recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis over the stated contractual terms, as the continued service, maintenance and other support obligations expire, which are generally for periods of twelve to twenty-seven months. At September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had deferred product and service revenue in the amount of $2.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively.

As the Company gains commercial experience, including field experience relative to service and warranty based on the sales of initial products, the fair values for the multiple elements within future contracts may become determinable and the Company may, in future periods, recognize revenue upon delivery of the product or may continue to defer recognition, based on application of appropriate guidance within EITF 00-21, “Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”, or changes in the manner contractual agreements are structured, including agreements with distribution partners.

Research and Development Contract Revenue: Research and development contract revenue primarily relates to cost reimbursement research and development contracts associated with the development of PEM fuel cell technology. The Company generally shares in the cost of these programs with cost sharing percentages between 20% and 51%. Revenue from “time and material” contracts is recognized on the basis of hours utilized, plus other reimbursable contract costs incurred during the period. At September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 the Company had deferred contract revenue of $690,000 and $216,000, respectively.

Income Taxes: Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We did not report a benefit for federal and state income taxes in the consolidated financial statements as the deferred tax asset generated from our net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carryforward will not be realized.

Stock Based Compensation: Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS 123R). Under SFAS 123R, the Company is required to recognize, as compensation expense, the estimated fair value of all share-based payments to employees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, the Company recorded expense of approximately $3.2 million in connection with its share-based payment awards, including incremental expense as a result of SFAS 123R of approximately $1.7 million.

The Company adopted SFAS 123R under the modified prospective method. Under this method, the Company recognized compensation cost for all share-based payments to employees based on the grant date estimate of fair value for those awards, beginning on January 1, 2006. Prior period financial information has not been restated.

For periods prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company had elected to follow Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” (APB 25) and related Interpretations in accounting for its share-based payment awards to employees. Under APB 25, since the exercise price of the Company’s employee stock options equaled the market price of the underlying stock on the date of the grant and, in the case of the Company’s stock purchase plans, since the plans were non-compensatory, no compensation expense was recorded.

The following table illustrates the effect on net loss and loss per share as if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock Based Compensation,” to its stock-based employee compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2005			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005
Net loss, as reported	$	(11,867,837	)	$	(35,290,427	)
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net loss		661,516			2,014,819
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method		(1,639,521	)		(4,924,141	)

Pro forma net loss	$	(12,845,842	)	$	(38,199,749	)

Loss per share:

Basic and diluted-as reported	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.47	)

Basic and diluted-pro forma	$	(0.16	)	$	(0.50	)

Share Based Compensation Plans

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In 1999, the Company adopted the 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Plan”) which provides for the issuance of up to a total of 1,000,000 shares of common stock to participating employees. Eligible employees may contribute between 1% and 10% of their base pay to the Plan. At the end of a designated purchase period, which occurs every six months on June 30 and December 31, employees purchase shares of the Company’s common stock with contributions accumulated via payroll deductions, at an amount equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock on the first day or the last day of the applicable six-month offering period.

The Company measures the fair value of issuances under the employee stock purchase plan using the Black-Scholes option pricing model at the end of each reporting period. The compensation cost for the Plan consists of the discount (15% of the grant date stock price) and the fair value of the option feature. Through September 30, 2006, based on accumulated employee withholdings and the Company’s common stock price at June 30, 2006, the Company issued 48,375 shares of its common stock.

Stock Option Plans

1997 Stock Option Plan

Effective July 1, 1997, the Company established a stock option plan to provide employees, consultants, and members of the Board of Directors the ability to acquire an ownership interest in the Company (“1997 Stock Option Plan”). Options for employees issued under this plan generally vested 20% per year and expire ten years after issuance. Options granted to members of the Board generally vested 50% upon grant and 25% per year thereafter. Options granted to consultants generally vested one-third on the expiration of the consultant’s initial contract term, with an additional one-third vesting on each of the next two anniversaries thereafter. At September 30, 2006, there were a total of 852,644 options outstanding and vested under the 1997 Stock Option Plan. Although no further options will be granted under the 1997 Stock Option Plan, the vested options will be exercisable for shares of common stock until their expiration dates are reached.

1999 Stock Option and Incentive Plan

Effective August 16, 1999, the Company established a stock option plan to encourage and enable the officers, employees, Independent Directors and other key persons (including consultants) of the Company and its Subsidiaries upon whose judgment, initiative and efforts the Company largely depends for the successful conduct of its business to acquire a proprietary interest in the Company (“1999 Stock Option Plan”).

At September 30, 2006 there were options for 5,521,261 shares outstanding, and approximately 3,108,627 shares available to be issued under the 1999 Stock Option Plan. The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 1999 Stock Option Plan will increase by the amount of any forfeitures under the 1999 Stock Option Plan and under the 1997 Stock Option Plan. The number of shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 1999 Stock Option Plan will further increase on January 1 and July 1 of each year by an amount equal to 16.4% of any net increase in the total number of common shares of stock outstanding. The 1999 Stock Option Plan permits the Company to: grant incentive stock options; grant non-qualified stock options; grant stock appreciation rights; issue or sell common stock with vesting or other restrictions, or without restrictions; grant rights to receive common stock in the future with or without vesting; grant common stock upon the attainment of specified performance goals; and grant dividend rights in respect of common stock. Options for employees issued under this plan generally vest in equal annual installments over periods of three or four years and expire ten years after issuance. Options granted to members of the Board generally vest in full one year after issuance. Options granted to consultants generally vest one-third on the expiration of the consultant’s initial contract term, with an additional one-third vesting on each of the next two anniversaries thereafter.

Compensation cost associated with employee stock options represented approximately $1.7 million of the total share-based payment expense recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The stock options were valued using a Black-Scholes method of valuation, and the resulting fair value is recorded as compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the option vesting period. The assumptions made for purposes of estimating fair value under the Black-Scholes model for 986,700 and 1,071,600 options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively were as follows:


	2006	2005
Dividend yield:	0%	0%
Expected term of options (years):	6	5
Risk free interest rate:	4.37% - 5.045%	3.71%-4.120%
Volatility:	61%-65%	56%

The Company’s estimate of an expected option term was calculated in accordance with the SAB 107 simplified method for calculating the expected term assumption. The estimated stock price volatility was derived based upon a blend of implied volatility and the Company’s actual historic stock prices over the past six years, which represents the Company’s best estimate of expected volatility. The specific stock option valuation assumptions used for awards granted prior to January 1, 2006 are as disclosed in the Company’s prior annual reports on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC.

A summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 is as follows:


	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at December 31, 2005	5,544,110		$	10.24	5.80

Granted	986,700			5.25
Exercised	(5,958	)		4.93
Forfeited or expired	(150,947	)		7.43

Options outstanding at September 30, 2006	6,373,905		$	9.53	5.98	$	1,433,776

Options exercisable at September 30, 2006	4,834,329		$	10.83	5.03	$	1,426,421

Options fully vested at September 30, 2006 and those expected to vest beyond September 30, 2006	6,281,530		$	9.59	5.94	$	1,428,112

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 was $3.13 and $2.74, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised and cash received by the Company from option exercises during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was approximately $7,700 and $29,400, respectively. As of September 30, 2006, there was approximately $3.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards that is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted average period of 2.0 years. The total fair value of stock options that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 was approximately $1.7 million and $2.9 million, respectively.

A summary of restricted stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 is as follows:


	Shares		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Unvested restricted stock outstanding at December 31, 2005	—		$	—

Granted	407,473			2,106,489
Forfeited	(3,050	)		(17,019	)
Vested	(21,000	)		(117,180	)

Unvested restricted stock outstanding at September 30, 2006	383,423		$	1,972,290

The restricted stock awards generally vest in equal installments over a period of three years. The restricted stock awards were valued based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, and compensation cost is recorded on a straight-line basis over the share vesting period. The Company recorded expense of approximately $347,000 associated with its restricted stock awards in the nine months ended September 30, 2006. As of September 30, 2006, there was approximately $1.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards that will be recognized as expense over a remaining weighted average period of 2.85 years.

Use of Estimates: The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

3. Loss Per Share

Loss per share for the Company is calculated as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2006			2005			2006			2005
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(11,876,795	)	$	(11,867,837	)	$	(37,027,717	)	$	(35,290,427	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares		86,184,390			80,193,623			86,045,202			75,728,709
Loss per share:
Basic and diluted		(0.14	)		(0.15	)		(0.43	)		(0.47	)

No options, warrants, securities convertible into common stock (such as the Company’s preferred stock), or unvested restricted stock outstanding were included in the calculation of diluted loss per share because their impact would have been anti-dilutive. These dilutive potential common shares for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 are summarized as follows:


	Shares
	2006	2005
Stock options	6,373,905	5,492,350
Unvested restricted stock	383,423	—
Preferred stock⁽¹⁾	395,000	—
Warrants	—	725,000

	7,152,328	6,217,350

⁽¹⁾	The preferred stock amount represents the dilutive potential common shares of the 395,000 shares of Class B capital stock issued on June 29, 2006. These preferred shares are convertible into 39,500,000 shares of common stock at September 30, 2006.

4. Investments in Affiliates

GE Fuel Cell Systems, LLC

The Company previously accounted for its interest in GEFCS on the equity method of accounting and adjusted its investment by its proportionate share of income or losses under the caption “Equity in losses of affiliates” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005 the Company recorded an other than temporary impairment of its investment in GEFCS in accordance with APB 18, The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock. The charge was recorded to fully write off our investment primarily as a result of a shift in the Company’s business strategy away from residential fuel cells, for which GEFCS was well suited as a distribution partner, to backup power generation, for which GEFCS is not a natural partner. Accordingly, as of and for the quarter ended September 30, 2006 there is no activity with regard to investments in affiliates. For the quarter ended September 30, 2005, equity in losses of affiliates related to GEFCS was approximately $0.4 million.

5. Stockholders’ Equity

Changes in stockholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 are as follows:


	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Deficit Accumulated During the Development Stage			Total Stockholders’ Equity			Comprehensive Loss
December 31, 2005	$	—	$	858,353	$	531,435,616	$	(257,120	)	$	(407,081,958	)	$	124,954,891
Net loss											(37,027,717	)		(37,027,717	)	$	(37,027,717	)
Change in unrealized loss on marketable securities								366,387						366,387			366,387

Total comprehensive loss																$	(36,661,330	)

Stock offering, net		3,950		112		214,354,209								214,358,271
Stock-based compensation				7,117		3,831,819								3,838,936
Employee stock purchase plan				483		191,161								191,644
Stock option exercises				60		29,291								29,351

September 30, 2006	$	3,950	$	866,125	$	749,842,096	$	109,267		$	(444,109,675	)	$	306,711,763

Common stock issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 consisted of approximately 712,000 shares related to stock based compensation, 6,000 shares issued pursuant to the exercise of stock options, 48,000 shares issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan and 11,000 shares issued to Smart Hydrogen Inc. (Smart Hydrogen). Additionally, 395,000 shares of Class B capital stock, a series of preferred stock, were also issued to Smart Hydrogen.

6. Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flows Information

The following represents required supplemental disclosures of cash flows information and noncash financing and investing activities which occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005:

September 30,

2006

September 30,

2005

Cash paid for interest

144,427

92,275

7. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (FIN 48), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. This Interpretation requires that the Company recognize in its financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. This Interpretation is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006, with the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings. The Company does not expect the adoption of this statement to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS No. 157). This new standard establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities. This framework is intended to provide increased consistency in how fair value determinations are made under various existing accounting standards which permit, or in some cases require, estimates of fair market value. SFAS No. 157 also expands financial statement disclosure requirements about a company’s use of fair value measurements, including the effect of such measures on earnings. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. While the Company is currently evaluating the provisions of SFAS No. 157, the Company does not expect the adoption of this statement to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included within this report, and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. In addition to historical information, this Form 10-Q and following discussion contain statements that are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial position or state other forward-looking information. In some cases you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “should,” “will” and “would” or similar words. We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to our investors. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control and that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned not to rely on forward-looking statements because they involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those discussed as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to: the risk that possible strategic benefits of the investment by Smart Hydrogen do not materialize, our ability to develop commercially viable on-site energy products; the cost and timing of developing our on-site energy products; market acceptance of our on-site energy products; our ability to manufacture on-site energy products on a large-scale commercial basis; competitive factors, such as price competition and competition from other traditional and alternative energy companies; the cost and availability of components and parts for our on-site energy products; the ability to raise and provide the necessary capital to develop, manufacture and market our on-site energy products; our ability to establish relationships with third parties with respect to product development, manufacturing, distribution and servicing and the supply of key product components; our ability to protect our intellectual property; our ability to lower the cost of our on-site energy products and demonstrate their reliability; the cost of complying with current and future governmental regulations; the impact of deregulation and restructuring of the electric utility industry on demand for our on-site energy products; fluctuations in the trading price and volume of our common stock and other risks and uncertainties discussed, but are not limited to, those set forth under the caption “Factors Affecting Future Results” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 as updated by Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which the statements were made and are not guarantees of future performance. Except as may be required by applicable law, we do not undertake or intend to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-Q.

Overview

We design and develop on-site energy systems, based on proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology, for energy consumers worldwide. Our technology platform includes proprietary PEM fuel cell and fuel processing technologies, from which multiple products are being offered or are under development. We are currently offering for commercial sale our GenCore^® product, a backup power product for telecommunications, broadband, utility and industrial uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications. The GenCore^® is fueled by hydrogen and does not require a fuel processor. We are also developing additional products, including a continuous power product, with optional combined heat and power capability for remote small commercial and remote residential applications. We are a development stage enterprise in the beginning stages of field-testing and marketing our initial commercial products to a limited number of customers, including telecom, utilities, government entities and our distribution partners.

Our strategy for product sales, distribution and marketing relies on forming relationships with distributors and customers and entering into development and demonstration programs with electric utilities, government agencies and other energy providers. As such, we have formed distribution, marketing and technology development relationships with companies such as Honda, Vaillant, Tyco, Pemeas Gmbh (Pemeas), Engelhard Corporation and DTE Energy (see Distribution, Marketing, and Strategic Relationships). We are also engaging directly with customers as the market for our products is developing. Many of our initial sales of our GenCore^® product are contract-specific arrangements containing multiple obligations that may include a combination of fuel cell systems, continued service, maintenance and other support. While contract terms require payment upon delivery and installation of the fuel cell system and are not contingent on the achievement of specific milestones or other substantive performance, the multiple obligations within our contractual arrangements are not accounted for separately based on our limited commercial experience and available evidence of fair value. As a result, we defer recognition of product and service revenue and recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the stated contractual terms, as the continued service, maintenance and other support obligations expire, which are generally for periods of twelve to twenty-seven months (see Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Revenue Recognition).

may, in future periods, recognize revenue upon delivery of the our products, continue to defer recognition, based on application of appropriate guidance within EITF 00-21, “Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”, or change the manner in which we structure contractual agreements, including our agreements with distribution partners.

Our cash requirements depend on numerous factors, including completion of our product development activities, ability to commercialize our fuel cell systems, market acceptance of our systems and other factors. We expect to pursue the expansion of our operations through internal growth and strategic acquisitions. As of September 30, 2006, we had unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $278.5 million and working capital of $278.6 million. Additionally, we have restricted cash in the amount of $4.0 million, which was escrowed to collateralize debt associated with the purchase of our facilities in 1999.

Recent Developments

Investment Transaction

On June 29, 2006, the Company closed its previously announced transaction with Smart Hydrogen Inc. (the “Buyer”). The Company sold 395,000 shares of Class B Capital Stock of the Company, which are convertible into 39,500,000 shares of common stock of the Company, and 11,240 shares of common stock of the Company to the Buyer for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $217,300,000. The purchase price of the shares sold to the Buyer, on an as-converted into common stock basis, was $5.50 per share. In connection with the closing of the sale of stock, the previously announced resignations of John M. Shalikashvili and Douglas T. Hickey became effective and the Buyer appointed Sergey L. Batekhin, Joel D. Gross, Sergey Polikarpov and Lisa Rosenblum to serve as directors of the Company.

Product Development and Commercialization

We are focused on a fuel cell technology platform from which we believe we can offer multiple products. We currently have one commercial product line, GenCore^®, which we continue to enhance and broaden:

GenCore^®—Backup Power for Telecommunication, Broadband, Utility and UPS Applications—We currently offer the GenCore^® product line which is focused on providing direct-current backup power in a power range of 1-5 kilowatts for applications in the telecom, broadband, utility and industrial UPS market applications. Our GenCore^® products are fueled by hydrogen and do not require a fuel processor. In the fourth quarter of 2003, we began initial shipments of the GenCore^® 5T product and have shipped 298 units through September 30, 2006. See “Distribution, Marketing and Strategic Relationships” for additional information regarding product development and commercialization.

Additionally, we continue to advance the development of our other technology platforms:

GenSys^®—Remote Continuous Power for Light Commercial and Residential Applications—We began field-testing of the next generation GenSys^®, our continuous run product, in the third quarter of 2005 at Robbins Air Force Base. We plan to continue to develop GenSys^® into a platform that is expected to support a number of products, including systems fueled by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for remote applications and, eventually, both grid-independent and grid-connected light commercial and residential applications fueled by LPG or natural gas. In connection with the development of our GenSys^® platform, we are developing combined heat and power (CHP) fuel cell systems for light commercial and residential applications that provide supplemental heat as electricity is produced. See “Distribution, Marketing and Strategic Relationships” for additional information regarding product development and commercialization.

Home Energy Station—We have been developing technology in support of the automotive fuel cell market under a series of agreements with Honda R&D Co Ltd. of Japan (Honda), a subsidiary of Honda Motor Co., Ltd., under which we have exclusively and jointly developed and tested three phases of prototype fuel cell systems that provide electricity and heat to a home or business while also providing hydrogen fuel for a fuel cell vehicle (the “Home Energy Station”). In October 2003, we successfully demonstrated the first prototype Home Energy Station at Honda R&D Americas’ facility in Torrance, California. In September 2004, under the second phase of our work with Honda, we successfully demonstrated a second-generation prototype of the Home Energy Station at our Latham, NY headquarters. In September 2005, Plug Power and Honda installed our third-generation Home Energy Station in Torrance, California. Honda now utilizes the systems in both New York and California for refueling prototype Honda FCX fuel cell vehicles in their test programs. Across each generation of the Home Energy Station, we have significantly reduced its size and weight, as well as improved its performance. See “Distribution, Marketing and Strategic Relationships” for additional information regarding product development and commercialization.

Distribution, Marketing and Strategic Relationships

In connection with building an extended enterprise, we have formed strategic relationships with well-established companies through distribution, marketing, supply and technology and product development arrangements. Our sales and

marketing strategy is to build a network of leading distributors and sub-distributor networks who have established relationships and that can distribute and service our products in specific geographic or market segments. We have distribution agreements in place with 4 domestic distributors, including Tyco Electronics Power Systems, Inc. (Tyco), our largest North American distribution partner, and 13 international distributors, including IST Holdings Ltd. (IST), our distribution partner in South Africa with whom we jointly received a $3 million customer buy-down grant from the International Finance Corporation to install 400 fuel cell systems over three years.

We have also partnered, in the past, with companies such as Vaillant, Pemeas and Engelhard and have entered into an additional agreement with Honda in connection with research and development of key components of our fuel cell systems and future products we expect to offer. We have also established strong supply-chain relationships with partners like 3M Company (3M), Parker Hannifin Corporation (Parker Hannifin), T. Rad, Entegris, and Arvin Meritor.

Some of these relationships are described in greater detail below.

Honda: As described above, we have an agreement with Honda to exclusively and jointly develop and test the Home Energy Station. In 2006, we signed a contract with Honda funding our joint development of the fourth generation system as well as a separate agreement funding joint research and development of technology that may be utilized in future systems.

Tyco: We have completed an agreement with Tyco to market, promote and sell our GenCore^®5T fuel cell systems for telecommunication backup applications through its direct sales force under both the Tyco Electronics and Plug Power brands. This agreement is complemented by a nationwide service and installation agreement for GenCore^® between the Company and Tyco Electronics Installation Services Inc.

Vaillant: We have a development agreement with Vaillant GmbH (Vaillant) to develop a fuel cell heating appliance that combines our fuel cell system with Vaillant’s gas heating technology to provide heat, electricity and hot water for the European light commercial and residential markets. Under the agreement, we will sell fuel cell subsystems directly and exclusively to Vaillant, and Vaillant will distribute Fuel Cell Heating Appliances throughout Europe on a non-exclusive basis.

Engelhard: We have a joint development agreement and a supply agreement with Engelhard Corporation for development and supply of advanced catalysts to increase the overall performance and efficiency of our fuel processor. Over the course of the joint development agreement, we have contributed $10.0 million to fund Engelhard’s development efforts, and in turn Engelhard has purchased $10.0 million of our common stock. As of September 30, 2004 all funding obligations related to development efforts had been met and the Company and Engelhard have been funding their own development efforts. Additionally, a supply agreement with Engelhard specifies the rights and obligations for Engelhard to supply products to us until 2013.

DTE Energy: We have a distribution agreement with DTE Energy Technologies, Inc. (DTE) under which DTE can exclusively market, sell, install and service our stationary PEM fuel cell systems in Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana. We can sell directly or negotiate nonexclusive distribution rights to third parties for our GenCore^{^®} backup power product line and our GenSite hydrogen generation product line.

GE: In March 2006 the Company and GE (acting through its Global Research unit) entered into a development collaboration agreement under which the Company and GE have agreed to collaborate on programs including, but not limited to, development of tools, materials and components that can be applied to various types of fuel cell products. The specific programs to be undertaken under the agreement, and the detailed terms and conditions thereof, remain subject to agreement by both parties. It is anticipated that such programs could also include continued collaboration on sales and marketing opportunities for the Company’s products between the Company and GE. Under the terms of the development collaboration agreement, the Company is obligated to purchase $1 million of services from GE in connection with this collaboration prior to December 31, 2008. The development collaboration agreement is scheduled to terminate on the earlier of December 31, 2014 or the date of completion of a certain level of program activity.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006 and September 30, 2005.

Product and service revenue. During the three months ended September 30, 2006, we recognized product and service revenue of $676,000, of which $410,000 was deferred at December 31, 2005, compared to $1.3 million during the same quarter last year, of which $1.0 million was deferred at December 31, 2004. We delivered a total of 16 fuel cell systems during the quarter ended September 30, 2006. The revenue associated with these systems is related to product and service arrangements and is deferred as described in further detail below. For the three months ended September 30, 2006, we deferred revenue in the amount of $308,000 for the 16 systems delivered under product and service arrangements, compared to $467,000 for the 28 fuel cell systems delivered during the same period in 2005.

At September 30, 2006, we had total deferred product and service revenue in the amount of $2.5 million, of which we expect to recognize approximately $0.5 million during the last three months of 2006.

Our initial sales of product and services are contract-specific arrangements containing multiple obligations that may include a combination of fuel cell systems, continued service, maintenance and other support. Contract terms require payment upon delivery. Installation of the fuel cell system is not contingent on the achievement of specific milestones or other substantive performance, the multiple obligations within our contractual arrangements are not accounted for separately based on our limited commercial experience and available evidence of fair value. As a result, we defer recognition of product and service revenue and recognize revenue on a straight-line basis as the continued service, maintenance and other support obligations expire, which are generally over periods of twelve to twenty-seven months.

Research and development contract revenue. Research and development contract revenue decreased to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 from $2.6 million during the same period last year. The decrease is the result of reduced spending levels for material purchases and subcontractor activity as the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) programs wind down and decreased activity under our contract with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which was completed in May 2006. We expect to continue certain research and development contract work that is directly related to our current product development efforts. Research and development contract revenue primarily relates to cost reimbursement research and development contracts associated with the development of PEM fuel cell technology. We generally share in the cost of these programs with cost sharing percentages between 20% and 51%. Revenue from “time and material” contracts is recognized on the basis of hours expended, plus other reimbursable contract costs incurred during the period. We expect to continue certain research and development contract work that is directly related to our current product development efforts.

Cost of product and service revenue. Cost of product and service revenue decreased to $761,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2006 from $796,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2005. Cost of product and service revenue includes the direct material cost incurred in the manufacture of the products we sell, as well as the labor and material costs incurred for product maintenance, replacement parts and service under our contractual obligations. These costs consist primarily of production materials and fees paid to outside suppliers for subcontracted components and services. The decrease is due to the decrease in units shipped during the quarter ended September 30, 2006 compared to the same quarter last year.

Cost of research and development contract revenue. Cost of research and development contract revenue decreased to $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 from $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005 as a result of decreased work under existing agreements as described above. The relationship of cost of research and development contract revenue compared to the related revenue has improved as a result of a shift to higher percentage cost share contracts. Cost of research and development contract revenue includes costs associated with research and development contracts including: compensation and benefits for engineering and related support staff, fees paid to outside suppliers for subcontracted components and services, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies used and other directly allocable general overhead costs allocated to specific research and development contracts.

Noncash research and development expense. Noncash research and development expense for the three months ended September 30, 2006, increased to $713,000 from $387,000 during the same period last year. Noncash research and development expense represents the fair value of stock grants to employees, consultants and others in exchange for services provided. The increase is primarily the result of the Company’s adoption of SFAS 123R during the first quarter of fiscal 2006 (see Note 2 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

Other research and development expense. Other research and development expenses were $10.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 compared to $9.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. The increase primarily relates to payments made under a Joint Development Agreement with Nextech and the shift in research and development efforts from contract revenue to internal development. Other research and development expense includes: materials to build development and prototype units, compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to outside suppliers for subcontracted components and services, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services and other general overhead costs. Our approach to the design of our next generation fuel cell system uses advanced modeling and system simulation techniques.

Noncash general and administrative expense. Noncash general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2006 increased to $320,000 from $275,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2005. Noncash general and administrative expense represents the fair value of stock grants to employees, consultants and others in exchange for services provided. The increase is primarily the result of the Company’s adoption of SFAS 123R during the first quarter of fiscal 2006 (see Note 2 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

Other general and administrative expense. Other general and administrative expense increased to $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 from $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005 primarily as a result of increased headcount and payments made to strategic consultants. Other general and administrative expense includes compensation, benefits and related costs in support of our general corporate functions including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, marketing, information technology and legal services.

Interest income. Interest income consisting of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities increased to $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, from $669,000 for the same period in 2005. The increase was the result of higher cash and marketable securities balances as a result of the Smart Hydrogen Inc. transaction and slightly higher yields on our investment portfolio.

Interest expense. Interest expense was $56,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2006 compared to $45,000 for the same period last year. Interest expense consists of interest on our long-term obligation related to the purchase of real estate and interest paid on capital lease obligations.

Equity in losses of affiliates. Equity in losses of affiliates, which we accounted for under the equity method of accounting, was our proportionate share of the amount of the net loss of GE Fuel Cell Systems and the amortization of our original investments. During the quarter ended December 31, 2005, the Company recorded an impairment loss equal to 100% of the remaining carrying value of the Company’s investment in GEFCS. GEFCS was dissolved in the first quarter of fiscal 2006.

Income taxes. We did not report a benefit for federal and state income taxes in the consolidated financial statements as the deferred tax asset generated from our net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carryforward will not be realized.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 and September 30, 2005

Product and service revenue. During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we recognized product and service revenue of $2.3 million, of which $1.7 million was deferred at December 31, 2005, compared to $3.8 million during the same period last year, of which $3.3 million was deferred at December 31, 2004. We delivered a total of 74 fuel cell systems during the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The revenue associated with these systems is related to product and service arrangements and is deferred as described in further detail below. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we deferred revenue in the amount of $1.5 million for the 74 systems delivered under product and service arrangements, compared to $1.1 million for the 59 fuel cell systems delivered during the same period in 2005.

Research and development contract revenue. Research and development contract revenue decreased to $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $6.9 million during the same period last year. The decrease is the result of reduced spending levels for material purchases and subcontractor activity as the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) programs wind down and decreased activity under our contract with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which was completed in May 2006. We expect to continue certain research and development contract work that is directly related to our current product development efforts. Research and development contract revenue primarily relates to cost reimbursement research and development contracts associated with the development of PEM fuel cell technology. We generally share in the cost of these programs with cost sharing percentages between 20% and 51%. Revenue from “time and material” contracts is recognized on the basis of hours expended, plus other reimbursable contract costs incurred during the period. We expect to continue certain research and development contract work that is directly related to our current product development efforts.

Cost of product and service revenue. Cost of product and service revenue was $3.3 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006 compared to $2.5 million for the same period last year. The increase was driven primarily by the increase in the number of units shipped for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006 compared to the same period last year, coupled with the product mix of the lower cost GenCore^{^®} versus the higher cost GenSys^{^®}. Cost of product and service revenue includes the direct material cost incurred in the manufacture of the products we sell, as well as the labor and material costs incurred for product maintenance, replacement parts and service under our contractual obligations. These costs consist primarily of production materials and fees paid to outside suppliers for subcontracted components and services.

Cost of research and development contract revenue. Cost of research and development contract revenue decreased to $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $9.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 as a result of decreased work under existing agreements as described above. Cost of research and development contract revenue includes costs associated with research and development contracts including: compensation and benefits for engineering and related support staff, fees paid to outside suppliers for subcontracted components and services, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies used and other directly allocable general overhead costs allocated to specific research and development contracts.

Noncash research and development expenses. Noncash research and development expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, increased to $2.1 million from $1.1 million during the same period last year. Noncash research and development expense represents the fair value of stock grants and vested stock options to employees, consultants and others in exchange for services provided. The increase is primarily the result of the Company’s adoption of SFAS 123R during the first quarter of fiscal 2006 (see Note 2 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

Other research and development expense. Other research and development expense was $28.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to $25.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The increase primarily relates to payments made under a Joint Development Agreement with Nextech and the shift in research and development efforts from contract revenue to internal development. Other research and development expense includes: materials to build development and prototype units, compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to outside suppliers for subcontracted components and services, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services and other general overhead costs. Our approach to the design of our next generation fuel cell system uses advanced modeling and system simulation techniques, which result in lower research and development costs because we build fewer systems for internal test and evaluation.

Noncash general and administrative expense. Noncash general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 increased to $1.1 million from $879,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Noncash general and administrative expense represents the fair value of stock grants and vested stock options to employees, consultants and others in exchange for services provided. The increase is primarily the result of the Company’s adoption of SFAS 123R during the first quarter of fiscal 2006 (see Note 2 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

Other general and administrative expense. Other general and administrative expense was $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to $5.9 million for the same period last year, primarily as a result of increased headcount, charges related to severance packages for departing employees and payments made to strategic consultants. Other general and administrative expense includes compensation, benefits and related costs in support of our general corporate functions including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, marketing, information technology and legal services.

Interest income. Interest income consisting of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities increased to $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $1.2 million for the same period in 2005. The increase was the result of higher cash and marketable securities balances as a result of the Smart Hydrogen Inc. transaction and slightly higher yields on our investment portfolio.

Interest expense. Interest expense was $158,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $108,000 for the same period last year. Interest expense consists of interest on our long-term obligation related to the purchase of real estate and interest paid on capital lease obligations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and related disclosure requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect:

•

the amounts reported for assets and liabilities;

•

the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and

•

the amounts reported for revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

Specifically, we must use estimates in determining the economic useful lives of assets, including identifiable intangibles, and various other recorded or disclosed amounts. Therefore, our financial statements and related disclosure are necessarily affected by these estimates. We evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis, utilizing historical experience and other methods considered reasonable in the particular circumstances. Nevertheless, actual results may differ significantly from estimates. To the extent that actual outcomes differ from estimates, or additional facts and circumstances cause management to revise estimates, our financial position or results of operations as reflected in our financial statements will be affected. Any effects on business, financial position or results of operations resulting from revisions to these estimates are recorded in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.

We believe that the following are our most critical accounting policies affected by the estimates and assumptions the Company must make in the preparation of its financial statements and related disclosure:

Revenue recognition: We are a development stage enterprise in the stages of performing field testing and marketing our initial commercial products to a limited number of customers, including telecom, utilities, government entities and our distribution partners. This initial product is a limited edition fuel cell system (System or Unit) that is intended to offer complementary, quality power while demonstrating the market value of fuel cells as a preferred form of alternative distributed power generation. Subsequent enhancements to our Systems are expected to expand the market opportunity for fuel cells by lowering the installed cost, decreasing operating and maintenance costs, increasing efficiency, improving reliability, and adding features such as grid independence and co-generation and UPS applications.

We apply the guidance within Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements” (SAB 104) to our initial sales contracts to determine when to properly recognize revenue. We defer recognition of product and service revenue at the time of delivery, and recognize revenue as the continued service, maintenance and other support obligations expire. The costs associated with the product, service and other obligations are expensed as they are incurred.

Our initial sales of GenSys^® and GenCore^® 5T are contract-specific arrangements containing multiple obligations, which may include a combination of fuel cell systems, continued service, maintenance and other support. While contract terms require payment upon delivery and installation of the fuel cell system is not contingent on the achievement of specific milestones or other substantive performance, the multiple obligations within our contractual arrangements are not accounted for separately based on our limited commercial experience and available evidence of fair value. As a result, we defer recognition of product and service revenue and recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the stated contractual terms, as the continued service, maintenance and other support obligations expire, which are generally for periods of twelve to twenty-seven months.

As we gain commercial experience, including field experience relative to service and warranty based on the sales of our initial products, the fair values for the multiple elements within our future contracts may become determinable, and we may, in future periods, recognize revenue upon delivery of the product, continue to defer recognition, based on application of appropriate guidance within EITF 00-21, “Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”, or change the manner in which we structure contractual agreements, including our agreements with distribution partners.

Valuation of long-lived assets: We assess the impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, if any, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable and, for goodwill, at least annually. Factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, the following:

•

significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results;

•

significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business;

•

significant negative industry or economic trends;

•

significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period; and

•

our market capitalization relative to net book value.

When we determine that the carrying value of intangible, long-lived assets and goodwill, if any, may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, we would measure any impairment based upon the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, as appropriate. Any resulting impairment loss could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Accounting for income taxes: As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves the estimation of our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. Included in this assessment is the determination of the net operating loss carryforward that has resulted from our cumulative net operating loss since inception. These differences result in a net deferred tax asset. We must assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and to the extent that we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance in a period, we must include an expense within the tax provision in the consolidated statement of operations.

Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We have recorded a valuation allowance of $191.7 million as of December 31, 2005 due to uncertainties related to our ability to utilize the net deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of net operating losses and credits which may be carried forward, before they expire. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods, we may need to adjust the recorded valuation allowance, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations. At September 30, 2006, our net deferred tax assets have been offset in full by a valuation allowance. As a result, the net provision for income taxes is zero for the three months ended September 30, 2006.

Stock Based Compensation: Our adoption of SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123(R)”) in the first quarter of 2006 requires that we recognize all stock-based compensation expense associated with all share based instruments in the statement of operations. Determining the amount of stock-based compensation to be recorded requires us to develop estimates to be used in calculating the grant-date fair value of stock options. We calculate the grant-date fair values using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The use of valuation models requires us to make estimates of the following assumptions:

Expected volatility – The estimated stock price volatility was derived based upon a blend of implied volatility and the Company’s actual historic stock prices over the past six years, which represents the Company’s best estimate of expected volatility.

Expected option life – The Company’s estimate of an expected option life was calculated in accordance with the SAB 107 simplified method for calculating the expected term assumption.

Risk-free interest rate – We used the yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities for a period that is commensurate with the expected life assumption as the risk-free interest rate.

The amount of stock-based compensation recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. SFAS 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The term “forfeitures” is distinct from “cancellations” or “expirations” and represents only the unvested portion of the surrendered option. We reviewed historical forfeiture data and determined the appropriate forfeiture rate based on that data. We will re-evaluate this analysis periodically and adjust the forfeiture rate as necessary. Ultimately, we will recognize the actual expense over the vesting period only for the shares that vest.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash requirements depend on numerous factors, including completion of our product development activities, ability to commercialize our on-site energy products, market acceptance of our systems and other factors. We expect to devote substantial capital resources to continue our development programs directed at commercializing our on-site energy products for worldwide use, hiring and training our production staff, developing and expanding our manufacturing capacity and expanding our production and research and development activities. We expect to pursue the expansion of our operations through internal growth and strategic acquisitions and expect that such activities will be funded from existing cash and cash equivalents, issuance of additional equity or debt securities or additional borrowings subject to market and other conditions. The failure to raise the funds necessary to finance our future cash requirements or consummate future acquisitions could adversely affect our ability to pursue our strategy and could negatively affect our operations in future periods. We anticipate incurring substantial additional losses over at least the next several years and believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances will provide sufficient capital to fund operations for at least the next twelve months.

Several key indicators of liquidity are summarized in the following table:


	Nine months ended September 30, 2006		Nine months ended September 30, 2005		Year ended December 31, 2005
Unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at end of period	$	278,465,000	$	106,574,000	$	97,563,000

Working capital at end of period		278,561,000		105,709,000		95,511,000

Net loss		37,028,000		35,290,000		51,743,000

Net cash used in operating activities		32,787,000		30,086,000		39,869,000

Purchase of property, plant and equipment		1,115,000		1,630,000		1,000,000

During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, cash used by operating activities was $32.8 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $37.0 million offset, in part, by noncash expenses in the amount of $6.2 million, including $2.4 million for amortization and depreciation and $3.8 million for stock-based compensation awards. Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $160.5 million, consisting of $159.4 million in net purchases of marketable securities and $1.1 million used to purchase property, plant and equipment. Cash provided by financing activities was $214.4 million consisting primarily of the net proceeds from the issuance of Class B Capital Stock to Smart Hydrogen in the second quarter of 2006.

We have financed our operations through September 30, 2006 primarily from the sale of equity securities in the Company, which has provided cash in the amount of $635.4 million. Since inception, net cash used in operating activities has been $335.0 million, and cash used in investing activities has been $250.5 million, including our purchase of property, plant and equipment of $33.8 million and our investments in marketable securities in the amount of $235.3 million offset, in part, by net proceeds from acquisition of $29.5 million.

Additionally, in the first quarter of 2003, we issued approximately 9.0 million shares of common stock in connection with a merger transaction with H Power Corp. which increased our consolidated cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities by approximately $29.5 million after payment of certain integration costs and expenses associated with the consummation of the merger of approximately $7.1 million.

From inception through September 30, 2006, we have incurred losses of $444.1 million and expect to continue to incur losses as we continue our product development and commercialization programs and expand our manufacturing capacity. We

expect that losses will fluctuate from quarter to quarter and that such fluctuations may be substantial as a result of, among other factors, the number of systems we produce and install, the cost and sales price of such systems, the related service requirements necessary to maintain those systems and potential design changes required as a result of field testing.

ITEM 3—QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We invest our excess cash in government, government-backed and interest-bearing investment-grade securities that we generally hold for the duration of the term of the respective instrument. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments, derivative commodity instruments or other market risk sensitive instruments, positions or transactions in any material fashion. Accordingly, we believe that, while the investment-grade securities we hold are subject to changes in the financial standing of the issuer of such securities, we are not subject to any material risks arising from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices or other market changes that affect market risk-sensitive instruments.

ITEM 4—CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(b) Changes in internal controls over financial reporting

As required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, also conducted an evaluation of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, there has been no such change during the period covered by this report.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1A—RISK FACTORS

The following risk factors are in addition to those included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the year ended December 31, 2005:

The anticipated strategic benefits to the Company from its relationship with Smart Hydrogen may not materialize.

The anticipated benefits to the Company from its relationship with Smart Hydrogen, including advances in technology development and market access as well as the strengthening of the Company’s sales, marketing, research and development efforts, may not materialize. The failure of such benefits to materialize could have a material adverse impact on the development and commercialization of our products and the operation of our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Smart Hydrogen will have substantial control over us and could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.

Smart Hydrogen and its affiliates beneficially own approximately 35.1% of the outstanding shares of our common stock on a fully-diluted basis. As a result, these stockholders will significantly influence or control certain matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the approval of mergers or other extraordinary transactions. The interests of these stockholders may differ from other stockholders and these stockholders may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

If a substantial number of shares of the Company’s common stock become available for sale and are sold in a short period of time, the market price of our common stock could decline.

After its recently-completed investment in the Company, Smart Hydrogen holds approximately 35.1% of the Company’s outstanding common stock on a fully-diluted basis. If Smart Hydrogen or its affiliates sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market following this investment, the market price of our common stock could decrease significantly. The perception in the public market that Smart Hydrogen might sell shares of common stock could also depress the trading price of our common stock. Smart Hydrogen and its affiliates are subject to an Investor Rights Agreement with the Company pursuant to which Smart Hydrogen and its affiliates are prohibited from selling shares of the Company’s common stock until at least December 31, 2007. The market price of shares of our common stock may drop significantly when the restrictions on resale by Smart Hydrogen and its affiliates lapse. A decline in the price of shares of our common stock might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities.

ITEM 2—UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

During the three months ended September 30, 2006, we issued 54,981 shares of our common stock in connection with matching contributions under our 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan. The issuance of these shares is exempt from registration under Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

ITEM 6—EXHIBITS


3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Plug Power Inc. (1)

3.2		Certificate of Designations of Class B Capital Stock, a series of preferred stock, of Plug Power Inc. (2)

3.3		Amended and restated By-laws of Plug Power Inc. (2)

3.4		Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Plug Power Inc. (3)

10.1		Executive Severance Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2006, by and between Joe Millington and Plug Power Inc. (4)

31.1		and 31.2 Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (5)

32.1		and 32.2 Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (5)

(1)	Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 1999

(2)	Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current Report on Form 8-K dated June 29, 2006

(3)	Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2000

(4)	Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current Report on Form 8-K dated August 4, 2006

(5)	Furnished herewith

Signatures

Pursuant to requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	PLUG POWER INC.

Date: November 7, 2006	by:	/s/ Roger B. Saillant
		Roger B. Saillant Chief Executive Officer

	by:	/s/ Robert P. Powers
		Robert P. Powers Interim Chief Financial Officer

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