Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006

 

Commission file number 1-9700

 

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   94-3025021

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation or organization)

  (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 

120 Kearny Street, San Francisco, CA 94108

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (415) 636-7000

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock - $.01 par value

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Yes  ¨    No  x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer  x    Accelerated filer  ¨    Non-accelerated filer  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

As of June 30, 2006, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was $16.7 billion. For purposes of this information, the outstanding shares of Common Stock owned by directors and executive officers of the registrant, and certain investment companies managed by Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. were deemed to be shares of the voting stock held by affiliates.

 

The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of January 31, 2007 was 1,267,988,965.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates certain information contained in the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders, to be held May 17, 2007, by reference to that document.

 



Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

Annual Report On Form 10-K

For Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2006

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Part I

         

Item 1.

   Business    1
                  General Corporate Overview    1
                  Business Strategy and Competitive Environment    1
                  Products and Services    2
                  Regulation    5
                  Sources of Net Revenues    5
                  Available Information    6

Item 1A.

   Risk Factors    6

Item 1B.

   Unresolved Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Comments    10

Item 2.

   Properties    10

Item 3.

   Legal Proceedings    10

Item 4.

   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    11

Part II

         

Item 5.

   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities    12

Item 6.

   Selected Financial Data    14

Item 7.

   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    15
                  Overview    15
                  Results of Operations    17
                  Liquidity and Capital Resources    24
                  Risk Management    29
                  Critical Accounting Estimates    33
                  Forward-Looking Statements    35

Item 7A.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    37

Item 8.

   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    39

Item 9.

   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure    80

Item 9A.

   Controls and Procedures    80

Item 9B.

   Other Information    80

Part III

         

Item 10.

   Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance    80

Item 11.

   Executive Compensation    83

Item 12.

   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters    83

Item 13.

   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence    83

Item 14.

   Principal Accountant Fees and Services    83

Part IV

         

Item 15.

   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule    84
                  Exhibit Index    84
                  Signatures    89
                  Index to Financial Statement Schedule    F-1


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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

PART I

 

Item 1. Business

 

General Corporate Overview

 

The Charles Schwab Corporation (CSC), headquartered in San Francisco, California, was incorporated in 1986 and engages, through its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the Company, and primarily located in San Francisco except as indicated), in securities brokerage, banking, and related financial services. At December 31, 2006, the Company had $1.239 trillion in client assets, 6.7 million active brokerage accounts(a), 542,000 corporate retirement plan participants, and 147,000 banking accounts. Certain subsidiaries of CSC include: Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab), which was incorporated in 1971, is a securities broker-dealer with 303 domestic branch offices in 45 states, a branch in each of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and London, U.K., and serves clients in Hong Kong through one of CSC’s subsidiaries; Charles Schwab Bank, N.A. (Schwab Bank), which commenced operations in 2003, is a retail bank located in Reno, Nevada; Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (CSIM) is the investment advisor for Schwab’s proprietary mutual funds, which are referred to as the Schwab Funds®; CyberTrader, Inc. (CyberTrader), which was acquired in 2000 and is located in Austin, Texas, is an electronic trading technology and brokerage firm providing services to highly active, online traders; and The Charles Schwab Trust Company (CSTC), which serves as trustee for employee benefit plans, primarily 401(k) plans.

 

On November 19, 2006, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with Bank of America Corporation (Bank of America) pursuant to which Bank of America will acquire all of the outstanding stock of U.S. Trust Corporation (USTC, and with its subsidiaries collectively referred to as U.S. Trust), a subsidiary which provides wealth management services and is located in New York. The transaction is expected to close early in the third quarter of 2007; accordingly, U.S. Trust is presented on a discontinued operations basis for financial statement purposes. All other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is presented on a continuing operations basis unless otherwise noted.

 

In 2004, the Company sold its capital markets business, consisting of the partnership interests of Schwab Capital Markets L.P. and all of the outstanding capital stock of SoundView Technology Group, Inc. (collectively referred to as Schwab Soundview Capital Markets, or SSCM). In 2003, the Company substantially exited from its international operations with the sales of its U.K. brokerage subsidiary, Charles Schwab Europe, and its investment in Aitken Campbell, a market-making joint venture in the U.K.

 

As of December 31, 2006, the Company had full-time, part-time and temporary employees, and persons employed on a contract basis that represented the equivalent of about 12,400 full-time employees.

 

The Company provides financial services to individuals and institutional clients through two segments – Schwab Investor Services and Schwab Institutional®. The Schwab Investor Services segment includes the Company’s retail brokerage and banking operations, as well as the Schwab Retirement Plan Services division. The Schwab Institutional segment provides custodial, trading and support services to independent investment advisors (IAs). For financial information by segment for the three years ended December 31, 2006, see “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 21. Segment Information.”

 

Business Strategy and Competitive Environment

 

The Company’s primary strategy is to meet the financial services needs of individual investors and the independent IAs who serve them. In pursuit of this strategy, the Company endeavors to provide clients with a compelling combination of personalized relationships, superior service, and competitive pricing. The Company also strives to combine people and technology in ways that facilitate the delivery of a full range of investment services at great value. People provide the

 


(a)

Accounts with balances or activity within the preceding eight months.

 

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client focus and personal touch that are essential in serving investors, while technology helps create services that are scalable and consistent. This combination helps the Company address a wide range of client needs – from tools and information for self-directed investing or active trading, to advice services or wealth management, to retirement plans, to support services for independent IAs – while enabling each client to easily utilize some or all of these capabilities according to each client’s unique circumstances. In 2006 the Company sharpened its strategic focus with the pending sale of U.S. Trust and the announcement of an agreement to purchase The 401(k) Company, a provider of retirement plan services.

 

The Company’s competition in serving individual investors includes a wide range of brokerage, wealth management, and asset management firms. In serving these investors and competing for a growing percentage of the trillions of dollars of investable wealth in the U.S., the Company offers a multi-channel service delivery model which includes branch, telephonic, and online capabilities. Under this model, the Company can offer personalized service at competitive prices while giving clients the choice of where, when, and how they do business with the firm. Schwab’s network of branches and regional telephone service centers is staffed with trained and experienced financial consultants (FCs) focused on building and sustaining client relationships. The Company offers the ability to meet client investing needs through a single ongoing point of contact, even as those needs change over time. In particular, management believes that the Company’s ability to provide those clients seeking help, guidance, or advice with an integrated, individually tailored solution – ranging from occasional consultations to an ongoing relationship with a Schwab FC or IA – is a competitive strength versus the more fragmented offerings of other firms.

 

The Company’s online and telephonic channels provide quick and efficient access to an extensive array of information, research, tools, trade execution, and administrative services, which clients can access according to their needs. For example, as clients trade more actively, they can use these channels to access highly competitive pricing, expert tools, and extensive service capabilities – including experienced, knowledgeable teams of trading specialists and integrated product offerings. Individuals investing for retirement through 401(k) plans can take advantage of the Company’s bundled offering of multiple investment choices, education, and third-party advice. Management also believes the Company is able to compete with the wide variety of financial services firms striving to attract individual client relationships, by complementing these capabilities with the extensive array of investment, banking, and lending products and services described in the following section.

 

In the IA arena, the Company competes with institutional custodians, traditional and discount brokers, banks, and trust companies. Management believes that its Schwab Institutional segment can maintain its market leadership position primarily through the efforts of its expanded sales and support teams, which are dedicated to helping IAs grow, compete, and succeed. In addition to focusing on superior service, Schwab Institutional competes by utilizing technology to provide IAs with a highly-developed, scalable platform for administering their clients’ assets easily and efficiently. Schwab Institutional also sponsors a variety of national, regional, and local events designed to help IAs identify and implement better ways to grow and manage their practices efficiently.

 

Another important aspect of the Company’s ability to compete is its ongoing focus on efficiency and productivity, as lower costs give the Company greater flexibility in its approach to pricing and investing for growth. Management believes that this flexibility remains important in light of the current competitive environment, in which a number of competitors have reduced online trading commission rates and account fees. Additionally, the Company’s nationwide marketing effort is an important competitive tool because it reinforces the attributes of the Schwab® brand.

 

Products and Services

 

The Company offers a broad range of products to address its clients’ varying investment and financial needs. Examples of these product offerings include:

 

 

Brokerage – various asset management accounts including some with check-writing features, debit card, and billpay; individual retirement accounts; retirement plans for small to large businesses; 529 college savings accounts; and margin loans, as well as access to fixed income securities and equity and debt offerings;

 

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Banking – first mortgages, home equity lines of credit, pledged-asset mortgages, checking accounts linked to brokerage accounts, certificates of deposit, demand deposit accounts, and credit cards; and

 

 

Mutual funds – third-party mutual funds through Mutual Fund Marketplace®, including no-load mutual funds through the Mutual Fund OneSource® service, proprietary mutual funds from two fund families – Schwab Funds and Laudus FundsTM – and mutual fund trading and clearing services to broker-dealers.

 

These products, and the Company’s full array of investing services, are made available through its two segments – Schwab Investor Services and Schwab Institutional.

 

Schwab Investor Services

 

Through the Schwab Investor Services segment, the Company provides retail brokerage and banking services to individual investors, as well as 401(k) record keeping and other retirement plan services to corporations and professional organizations. Clients of the Company, through the Schwab Investor Services segment, have access to the services described below.

 

The Company offers research, analytic tools, performance reports, market analysis, and educational material to all clients. Clients looking for more guidance have access to online portfolio planning tools, as well as professional advice from Schwab’s portfolio consultants who can help develop an investment strategy and carry out investment and portfolio management decisions. Many clients have a relationship with a specific FC, who serves as their primary point of contact for utilizing Schwab’s services.

 

Schwab strives to demystify investing by educating and assisting clients in the development of investment plans. Educational tools include workshops, interactive courses, and online information about investing. Additionally, Schwab provides various Internet-based research and analysis tools which are designed to help clients achieve better investment outcomes. As an example of such tools, Schwab Equity Ratings® is a quantitative model-based stock rating system which provides all clients with ratings on approximately 3,000 stocks, assigning each equity a single grade: A, B, C, D, or F. Stocks are rated based on specific factors relating to fundamentals, valuation, momentum, and risk and ranked so that the number of ‘buy consideration’ ratings – As and Bs – equals the number of ‘sell consideration’ ratings – Ds and Fs.

 

Clients may need specific investment recommendations either from time to time or on an ongoing basis. The Company seeks to provide clients seeking advice with customized solutions. The Company’s approach to advice is based on long-term investment strategies and guidance on portfolio diversification and asset allocation. This approach is designed to be offered consistently across all of Schwab’s delivery channels.

 

Schwab Private ClientTM features a personal advice relationship with a designated FC, supported by a team of investment professionals who provide individualized service, a customized investment strategy developed in collaboration with the client, and ongoing guidance and execution.

 

For clients seeking a relationship in which investment decisions are fully delegated to a financial professional, the Company offers several alternatives. The Company provides investors access to professional investment management in a diversified account that is invested exclusively in mutual funds through the Schwab Managed PortfolioTM program. The Company also refers investors who want to utilize a specific third-party money manager to direct a portion of their investment assets to the Schwab Managed Account program. In addition, clients who want the assistance of an independent professional in managing their financial affairs may be referred to IAs in the Schwab Advisor Network®. These IAs provide personalized portfolio management, financial planning, and wealth management solutions.

 

The Company strives to deliver information, education, technology, service, and pricing which meet the specific needs of clients who trade actively. Schwab offers integrated Web- and software-based trading platforms, which incorporate intelligent order routing technology, real-time market data, options trading, and premium stock research, as well as multi-channel access. CyberTrader® also offers extensive Web- and software-based trading platforms with more

 

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sophisticated account and trade management features, risk management tools, decision support tools, and dedicated personal support.

 

The Company serves both foreign investors and non-English-speaking U.S. clients who wish to trade or invest in U.S. dollar-based securities. The Company has a physical presence in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong. In the U.S., the Company serves Chinese-, Korean-, Spanish-, and Vietnamese-speaking clients through a combination of designated branch offices and Web-based and telephonic services.

 

The Company provides 401(k) recordkeeping and other retirement plan services to corporations and professional organizations through its Schwab Retirement Plan Services division. A dedicated sales force markets these services directly to such organizations, and the Company also serves plan sponsors indirectly through alliances with third-party administrators. The Company’s bundled

401(k) retirement plan product offers plan sponsors a wide array of investment options, participant education and servicing, trustee services, and participant-level recordkeeping. Participants in these plans have access to customized advice provided by a third party.

 

On December 22, 2006, the Company announced an agreement to acquire The 401(k) Company, which offers defined contribution plan services. The 401(k) Company will complement Schwab’s retirement business strategy and increase Schwab’s ability to meet the needs of retirement plans of all sizes. The transaction is expected to close in March 2007.

 

Schwab Institutional

 

Through the Schwab Institutional segment, Schwab provides custodial, trading, technology, practice management, and other support services to IAs. To attract and serve IAs, Schwab Institutional has a dedicated sales force and service teams assigned to meet their needs.

 

IAs who custody client accounts at Schwab may use proprietary software that provides them with up-to-date client account information, as well as trading capabilities. In addition, IAs may utilize the Schwab Institutional website, the core platform for IAs to conduct daily business activities online with Schwab, including submitting client account information and retrieving news and market information. This platform provides IAs with a comprehensive suite of electronic and paper-based reporting capabilities. Schwab Institutional also offers online cashiering services, as well as internet-based eDocuments sites for both IAs and their clients that provide multi-year archiving of online statements, trade confirms and tax reports, along with document search capabilities.

 

To help IAs grow and manage their practices, Schwab Institutional offers a variety of services, including marketing and business development, business strategy and planning, and transition support. Regulatory compliance consulting and support services are also available, as well as website design and development capabilities. In addition, Schwab Institutional maintains a website that provides interactive tools, educational content, and research reports to assist advisors thinking about establishing their own independent practices.

 

The Company also offers a variety of educational materials and events to IAs seeking to expand their knowledge of industry issues and trends, as well as sharpen their individual expertise and practice management skills. Schwab Institutional updates and shares market research on an ongoing basis, and it holds a series of events and conferences every year to discuss topics of interest to IAs, including business strategies and best practices. The Company also sponsors the annual IMPACT® conference, which provides a national forum for the Company, IAs, and other industry participants to gather and share information and insights.

 

IAs and their clients also have access to a broad range of the Company’s products and services, including managed accounts, cash products, and annuities.

 

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Regulation

 

CSC is a financial holding company, which is a type of bank holding company subject to supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve Board under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the Act). CSC’s depository institution subsidiaries, including Schwab Bank and affiliates of U.S. Trust (currently reflected as a discontinued operation for financial statement purposes), are subject to regulation and supervision and to various requirements and restrictions under federal and state laws, including regulatory capital guidelines. Among other things, these requirements govern transactions with CSC and its non-depository institution subsidiaries, including loans and other extensions of credit, investments or asset purchases, dividends, and investments. The federal banking agencies have broad powers to enforce these regulations, including the power to terminate deposit insurance, impose substantial fines and other civil and criminal penalties, and appoint a conservator or receiver.

 

To maintain its status as a financial holding company, each of CSC’s depository institution subsidiaries must be kept “well capitalized” and “well managed.” In addition, each of CSC’s insured depository institution subsidiaries must be rated “satisfactory” or better in meeting the requirements of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 in order for CSC to engage in new financial activities or enter into certain acquisitions of companies engaged in financial activities.

 

The securities industry in the United States is subject to extensive regulation under both federal and state laws. Schwab and CyberTrader are registered as broker-dealers with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the fifty states, and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Schwab and CSIM are registered as investment advisors with the SEC. Additionally, Schwab is regulated by the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) with respect to the futures and commodities trading activities it conducts as an introducing broker.

 

Much of the regulation of broker-dealers has been delegated to self-regulatory organizations (SROs), namely the national securities exchanges, the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), and the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB). Schwab is a member of several national securities exchanges and is consequently subject to their rules and regulations. The primary regulators of Schwab and CyberTrader are the NASD and, for municipal securities, the MSRB. The CFTC has designated the National Futures Association (NFA) as Schwab’s primary regulator for futures and commodities trading activities. The Company’s business is also subject to oversight by regulatory bodies in other countries in which the Company operates.

 

The principal purpose of regulating broker-dealers and investment advisors is the protection of clients and the securities markets. The regulations to which broker-dealers and investment advisors are subject cover all aspects of the securities business, including, among other things, sales and trading practices, publication of research, margin lending, uses and safekeeping of clients’ funds and securities, capital adequacy, recordkeeping and reporting, fee arrangements, disclosure to clients, fiduciary duties owed to advisory clients, and the conduct of directors, officers and employees.

 

As registered broker-dealers, certain subsidiaries of CSC, including Schwab are subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1 (the Net Capital Rule) and related SRO requirements. The CFTC and NFA also impose net capital requirements. The Net Capital Rule specifies minimum capital requirements that are intended to ensure the general financial soundness and liquidity of broker-dealers. Because CSC itself is not a registered broker-dealer, it is not subject to the Net Capital Rule. However, if Schwab failed to maintain specified levels of net capital, such failure would constitute a default by CSC under certain debt covenants.

 

The Net Capital Rule limits broker-dealers’ ability to transfer capital to parent companies and other affiliates. Compliance with the Net Capital Rule could limit Schwab’s operations and its ability to repay subordinated debt to CSC, which in turn could limit CSC’s ability to repay debt, pay cash dividends, and purchase shares of its outstanding stock.

 

Sources of Net Revenues

 

For revenue information by source for the three years ended December 31, 2006, see “Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations – Net Revenues.”

 

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Available Information

 

The Company files annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information on the public reference room. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that issuers (including the Company) file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s Internet website is www.sec.gov.

 

On the Company’s Internet website, www.aboutschwab.com, the Company posts the following recent filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC: the Company’s annual reports on Form 10-K, the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, the Company’s current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All such filings are available free of charge either on the Company’s website or by request via email (investor.relations@schwab.com), telephone (415-636-2787), or mail (Charles Schwab Investor Relations at 101 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94104).

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

The Company faces a variety of risks that may affect its operations or financial results, and many of those risks are driven by factors that the Company cannot control or predict. The following discussion addresses those risks that management believes are the most significant, although there may be other risks that could arise, or may prove to be more significant than expected, that may affect the Company’s operations or financial results.

 

For a discussion of the Company’s risk management, including technology and operating risk and legal and regulatory risk, see “Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Risk Management.”

 

There has been aggressive price competition in the Company’s industry, which may continue in the future.

 

The Company continually monitors its pricing in relation to competitors and periodically adjusts commission rates, interest rates, and other fee structures to enhance its competitive position. Increased competition, including pricing pressure, could harm the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

 

The industry in which the Company competes has undergone a period of consolidation and the Company now faces stronger competitors.

 

The Company faces intense competition for the clients that it serves and the products and services it offers. There has been significant consolidation as financial institutions with which the Company competes have been acquired by or merged into or acquired other firms. This consolidation may continue. Competition is based on many factors, including the range of products and services offered, pricing, customer service, brand recognition, reputation, and perceived financial strength. Consolidations may enable other firms to offer a broader range of products and services than the Company does, or offer such products at more competitive prices.

 

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The Company faces intense competition in hiring and retaining qualified employees, especially for employees who are key to the Company’s ability to build and enhance client relationships.

 

The market for quality professionals and other personnel in the Company’s business is highly competitive. Competition is particularly strong for financial consultants who build and sustain the Company’s client relationships. The Company’s ability to continue to compete effectively will depend upon its ability to attract new employees and retain existing employees while managing compensation costs.

 

Extensive regulation of the Company’s businesses limits the Company’s activities and may subject it to significant penalties.

 

As a participant in the securities and financial services industries, the Company is subject to extensive regulation under both federal and state laws by governmental agencies, supervisory authorities, and SROs. Such regulation continues to become more extensive and complex. The requirements imposed by the Company’s regulators are designed to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to protect clients. These regulations often serve to limit the Company’s activities by way of net capital, customer protection and market conduct requirements, and restrictions on the businesses in which the Company may operate. Despite the Company’s efforts to comply with applicable regulations, there are a number of risks, particularly in areas where applicable regulations may be unclear or where regulators revise their previous guidance. Any enforcement actions or other proceedings brought by the Company’s regulators against the Company or its affiliates, officers or employees could result in fines, penalties, cease and desist orders, enforcement actions, or suspension or expulsion, any of which could harm the Company’s reputation and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

 

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to litigation and may not always be successful in defending itself against such claims.

 

The Company is subject to claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of its business, which can result in settlements, awards, and injunctions. It is inherently difficult to predict the ultimate outcome of these matters, particularly in cases in which claimants seek substantial or unspecified damages, and a substantial judgment, settlement, fine, or penalty could be material to the Company’s operating results or cash flows for a particular future period, depending on the Company’s results for that period.

 

From time to time, the Company is subject to litigation claims from third parties alleging infringement of their intellectual property rights (e.g., patents). Such litigation can require the expenditure of significant Company resources. If the Company was found to have infringed a third-party patent, or other intellectual property rights, it could incur substantial liability, and in some circumstances could be enjoined from using certain technology, or providing certain products or services.

 

Legislation or changes in rules and regulations could negatively impact the Company’s business and financial results.

 

New legislation, rule changes, or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing federal, state and SRO rules and regulations may directly affect the operation and profitability of the Company or its specific business lines. The profitability of the Company could also be affected by rules and regulations which impact the business and financial communities generally, including changes to the laws governing taxation, electronic commerce, client privacy and security of client data.

 

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A significant decrease in the Company’s liquidity could negatively affect the Company’s business as well as reduce client confidence in the Company.

 

Maintaining adequate liquidity is crucial to the business operations of the Company, including margin lending, mortgage lending, and transaction settlement, among other liquidity needs. A reduction in the Company’s liquidity position could also reduce client confidence in the Company, which could result in the loss of client accounts. In addition, if the Company’s broker-dealer or depository institution subsidiaries fail to meet regulatory capital guidelines, regulators could limit the Company’s operations and its ability to repay debt, pay cash dividends, and repurchase shares of its stock. In particular, any such limitations could have an adverse effect on CSC, which depends primarily on cash generated by its subsidiaries in order to fulfill its debt service obligations and otherwise meet its liquidity needs. The Company attempts to manage liquidity risk by maintaining sufficient liquid financial resources to fund its balance sheet and meet its obligations. The Company meets its liquidity needs primarily through cash generated by operations, as well as cash provided by external financing. Fluctuations in client cash or deposit balances, as well as changes in market conditions, may affect the Company’s ability to meet its liquidity needs.

 

Specific risk factors which may adversely affect the Company’s liquidity position include:

 

 

a reduction in cash held in banking or brokerage client accounts which may affect the amount of the Company’s liquid assets;

 

 

a significant downgrade in the Company’s credit ratings which could increase its borrowing costs and limit its access to the capital markets; and

 

 

a dramatic increase in the Company’s client lending activities (including margin, mortgage, and personal lending) which may reduce the Company’s liquid resources and excess capital position.

 

Technology and operational failures could subject the Company to losses, litigation, and regulatory actions.

 

The Company faces technology and operating risk which is the potential for loss due to deficiencies in control processes or technology systems of the Company or its vendors that constrain the Company’s ability to gather, process, and communicate information and process client transactions efficiently and securely, without interruptions. This risk also includes the risk of human error, employee misconduct, external fraud, computer viruses, terrorist attacks, and natural disaster. The Company’s business and operations could be negatively impacted by any significant technology and operational failures. Moreover, instances of fraud or other misconduct, including improper use or disclosure of confidential client or employee information, might also negatively impact the Company’s reputation and client confidence in the Company, in addition to any direct losses that might result from such instances. Despite the Company’s efforts to identify areas of risk, oversee operational areas involving risk, and implement policies and procedures designed to manage risk, there can be no assurance that the Company will not suffer unexpected losses due to technology or other operational failures, including those of its vendors.

 

The Company also faces risk related to its security guarantee which covers client losses from unauthorized account activity, such as those caused by external fraud involving the compromise of clients’ login and password information. Losses reimbursed under the guarantee could have a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations.

 

The Company relies on outsourced service providers to perform key functions.

 

The Company relies on service providers to perform certain key technology, processing, and support functions. These service providers also face technology and operating risk and any significant failures by them, including the improper use or disclosure of the Company’s confidential client or employee information, could cause the Company to incur losses and could harm the Company’s reputation. The Company also faces the risk that a service provider could, without adequate notice, cease to provide services, which could disrupt the Company’s operations. Switching to an alternative service provider may also require a transition period and result in less efficient operations.

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

The Company may suffer significant losses from its credit exposures.

 

The Company’s businesses are subject to the risk that a client or counterparty will fail to perform its contractual obligations, or that the value of collateral held to secure obligations will prove to be inadequate. The Company’s exposure mainly results from margin lending activities, securities lending activities, its role as a counterparty in financial contracts, investing activities, banking loan portfolios, and indirectly from the investing activities of certain of the Company’s proprietary funds.

 

Significant interest rate changes could affect the Company’s profitability and financial condition.

 

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk primarily from changes in the interest rates on its interest-earning assets (such as margin loans and customer mortgages) and its funding sources, such as customer deposits and Company borrowings. Changes in interest rates could affect the interest earned on interest-earning assets differently than the interest the Company pays on its interest-bearing liabilities. In general, the Company is positioned to benefit from a rising interest rate environment, and could be adversely affected by a general decline in interest rates, although any potential reduction in net interest income may be offset by growth in the Company’s loan portfolio and inflows of client cash. In addition, in the event prevailing short-term interest rates declined to the point where yields available on money market mutual funds approached the level of management fees on those funds, the Company could find itself in the position of having to reduce its management fees so that it could continue to pay clients a competitive return on their assets.

 

Potential strategic transactions could have a negative impact on the Company’s financial position.

 

The Company evaluates potential strategic transactions, including business combinations, acquisitions, and dispositions. Any such transaction could have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The process of evaluating, negotiating, and effecting any such strategic transaction may divert management’s attention from other business concerns, and might cause the loss of key clients, employees, and business partners. Moreover, integrating businesses and systems may result in unforeseen expenditures as well as numerous risks and uncertainties, including the need to integrate operational, financial, and management information systems and management controls, integrate relationships with clients and business partners, and manage facilities and employees in different geographic areas. In addition, an acquisition may cause the Company to assume liabilities or become subject to litigation. Further, the Company may not realize the anticipated benefits from an acquisition, including the acquisition of The 401(k) Company, and any future acquisition could be dilutive to the Company’s current stockholders’ percentage ownership or to earnings per share (EPS).

 

The Company’s acquisitions and dispositions are typically subject to closing conditions, including regulatory approvals and the absence of material adverse changes in the business, operations or financial condition of the entity being acquired or sold. To the extent the Company enters into an agreement to buy or sell an entity, including the existing agreement to sell U.S. Trust, there can be no guarantee that the transaction will close when expected, or at all. If a material transaction does not close, the Company’s stock price could decline.

 

The Company’s stock price has fluctuated historically, and may continue to fluctuate.

 

The Company’s stock price can be volatile. Among the factors that may affect the Company’s stock price are the following:

 

 

speculation in the investment community or the press about, or actual changes in, the Company’s competitive position, organizational structure, executive team, operations, financial condition, financial reporting and results, effectiveness of cost reduction initiatives, or strategic transactions;

 

 

the announcement of new products, services, acquisitions, or dispositions by the Company or its competitors;

 

 

increases or decreases in revenue or earnings, changes in earnings estimates by the investment community, and variations between estimated financial results and actual financial results.

 

Changes in the stock market generally or as it concerns the Company’s industry, as well as geopolitical, economic, and business factors unrelated to the Company, may also affect the Company’s stock price.

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

Developments in the business, economic, and geopolitical environment could negatively impact the Company’s business.

 

The Company’s business can be significantly affected by the general environment – economic, corporate, securities market, regulatory, and geopolitical developments all play a role in client asset valuations, trading activity, interest rates and overall investor engagement. These factors are outside of the control of the Company and could have a negative impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Comments

 

None.

 

Item 2. Properties

 

A summary of the Company’s significant locations at December 31, 2006 is presented in the following table. Locations are leased or owned as noted below. The square footage amounts are presented net of space that has been subleased to third parties.

 

(amounts in thousands)    Square Footage

     Leased

     Owned

Location


           

Corporate office space:

           

San Francisco, CA (1)

   1,427     

Service centers:

           

Phoenix, AZ (2,3)

   154      709

Denver, CO (2)

   274     

Richfield, OH (4)

   123     

Indianapolis, IN (2)

        113

Orlando, FL (2)

   106     

(1)

Includes Schwab headquarters.

 

(2)

Includes a regional telephone service center.

 

(3)

Includes two data centers and an administrative support center.

 

(4)

Includes the Corporate and Retirement Services division headquarters.

 

Substantially all of the Company’s branch offices are located in leased premises. The corporate headquarters, data centers, offices, and service centers generally support all of the Company’s segments.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

 

The Company is subject to claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of its business, including arbitrations, class actions, and other litigation, some of which include claims for substantial or unspecified damages. The Company is also the subject of inquiries, investigations, and proceedings by regulatory and other governmental agencies. In addition, the Company is responding to certain litigation claims brought against former subsidiaries pursuant to indemnities it has provided to purchasers of those entities.

 

The Company believes it has strong defenses in all significant matters currently pending and is vigorously contesting liability and the damages claimed. Nevertheless, some of these matters may result in adverse judgments or awards,

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

including penalties, injunctions, or other relief, and the Company may also determine to settle a matter because of the uncertainty and risks of litigation. Predicting the outcome of a matter is inherently difficult, particularly where claimants seek substantial or unspecified damages, or when investigations or legal proceedings are at an early stage. In many cases, including most class action lawsuits, it is not possible to determine whether a loss will be incurred or to estimate the range of that loss until the matter is close to resolution. However, based on current information and consultation with counsel, management believes that the resolution of matters currently pending, including those described below, will not have a material adverse impact on the financial condition or cash flows of the Company, but could be material to the Company’s operating results for a particular future period, depending on results for that period.

 

SoundView Litigation: As part of the sale of SoundView to UBS Securities LLC and UBS Americas Inc. (collectively referred to as UBS), the Company agreed to indemnify UBS for certain litigation, including the claims described below.

 

SoundView and certain of its subsidiaries are among the numerous financial institutions named as defendants in multiple purported securities class actions filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the IPO Allocation Litigation) between June and December 2001. The IPO Allocation Litigation was brought on behalf of persons who either directly or in the aftermarket purchased IPO securities between March 1997 and December 2000. The plaintiffs allege that SoundView entities and the other underwriters named as defendants required customers receiving allocations of IPO shares to pay excessive and undisclosed commissions on unrelated trades and to purchase shares in the aftermarket at prices higher than the IPO price, in violation of the federal securities laws. SoundView entities have been named in 31 of the actions, each involving a different company’s IPO, and had underwriting commitments in approximately 90 other IPOs that are the subject of lawsuits. SoundView entities have not been named as defendants in these cases, although the lead underwriters in those IPOs have asserted that depending on the outcome of the cases, SoundView entities may have indemnification or contribution obligations based on underwriting commitments in the IPOs. The parties, with the assent of the District Court, selected 17 cases as focus cases for the purpose of case-specific discovery, and in October 2004, the District Court allowed 6 of the focus cases to proceed as class actions. Defendants appealed that decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, which issued an order on December 5, 2006 reversing the District Court and rejecting the consideration of these cases as class actions. Plaintiffs are now appealing that decision. The Company will continue to vigorously contest these claims on behalf of SoundView pursuant to the indemnity with UBS.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

 

During the fourth quarter of 2006, no matters were submitted to a vote of CSC’s security holders.

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

CSC’s common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker symbol SCHW. The number of common stockholders of record as of January 31, 2007 was 10,344. The closing market price per share on that date was $18.92.

 

The other information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is included in “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 13. Employee Incentive, Deferred Compensation, and Retirement Plans and 24. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited).”

 

The following graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total returns for CSC’s common stock, the Dow Jones U.S. Investment Services Index, and the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, each of which assumes an initial investment of $100 and reinvestment of dividends.

 

LOGO

 

December 31,


   2001

   2002

   2003

   2004

   2005

   2006

The Charles Schwab Corporation

   $     100    $     70    $ 77    $ 79    $ 97    $     129

Dow Jones U.S. Investment Services Index

   $     100    $     74    $     104    $     113    $     138    $     186

Standard & Poor’s 500 Index

   $     100    $     78    $     100    $     111    $     117    $     135

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

The following table summarizes purchases made by or on behalf of CSC of its common stock for each calendar month in the fourth quarter of 2006.

 

Month


  

Total Number
Of Shares
Purchased

(in thousands)


   Average
Price Paid
per Share


  

Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced
Program (1)

(in thousands)


   Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Yet be Purchased
under the Program
(in millions)


October:

                       

Share Repurchase Program (1)

   —        —      —      $ 200

November:

                       

Share Repurchase Program (1)

   2,261    $ 18.47    2,261    $ 158

December:

                       

Share Repurchase Program (1)

   3,788    $ 18.71    3,788    $ 87

Employee Transactions (2)

   285    $ 19.31    N/A      N/A
    
  

  
  

Total:

                       

Share Repurchase Program (1)

   6,049    $ 18.62    6,049    $ 87

Employee Transactions (2)

   285    $ 19.31    N/A      N/A
    
  

  
  


N/A Not applicable.

 

(1)

All shares were repurchased under an authorization by CSC’s Board of Directors covering up to $500 million of common stock publicly announced by the Company on July 25, 2006. The remaining authorization does not have an expiration date.

 

(2)

Includes restricted shares withheld (under the terms of grants under employee stock incentive plans) to offset tax withholding obligations that occur upon vesting and release of restricted shares. The Company may receive shares to pay the exercise price and/or to satisfy tax withholding obligations by employees who exercise stock options (granted under employee stock incentive plans), which are commonly referred to as stock swap exercises.

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

 

Selected Financial and Operating Data

 

(In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts, Ratios, Number of Domestic Branch Offices, and as Noted)

 

     Growth Rates

                               
     Compounded

    Annual

                               
    

4-Year

2002-2006


    1-Year
2005-2006


    2006

    2005

    2004

    2003

    2002

 

Results of Operations

                                                    

Net revenues

   7 %   19 %   $ 4,309     $ 3,619     $ 3,416     $ 3,267     $ 3,293  

Expenses excluding interest

   (2 %)   9 %   $ 2,833     $ 2,592     $ 2,869     $ 2,640     $ 3,098  

Income from continuing operations before extraordinary gain

   66 %   41 %   $ 891     $ 634     $ 350     $ 402     $ 117  

Net income

   83 %   69 %   $ 1,227     $ 725     $ 286     $ 472     $ 109  

Income from continuing operations per share — basic

   67 %   43 %   $ .70     $ .49     $ .26     $ .30     $ .09  

Income from continuing operations per share — diluted

   66 %   44 %   $ .69     $ .48     $ .26     $ .29     $ .09  

Basic earnings per share (1)

   87 %   73 %   $ .97     $ .56     $ .21     $ .35     $ .08  

Diluted earnings per share (1)

   86 %   73 %   $ .95     $ .55     $ .21     $ .35     $ .08  

Dividends declared per common share

   32 %   52 %   $ .135     $ .089     $ .074     $ .050     $ .044  

Weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted

   (2 %)   (2 %)     1,286       1,308       1,365       1,364       1,375  

Asset-based and other revenues as a percentage of net revenues (2)

                 82 %     79 %     70 %     64 %     63 %

Trading revenues as a percentage of net revenues (2)

                 18 %     21 %     30 %     36 %     37 %

Effective income tax rate on income from continuing operations

                 39.6 %     38.3 %     36.0 %     35.9 %     40.0 %

Capital expenditures — cash purchases of equipment, office facilities, property, and internal-use software development costs, net (3)

   (19 %)   (24 %)   $ 59     $ 78     $ 177     $ 132     $ 137  

Capital expenditures, net, as a percentage of net revenues

                 1 %     2 %     5 %     4 %     4 %

Performance Measures

                                                    

Net revenue growth (decline)

                 19 %     6 %     5 %     (1 %)     (4 %)

Pre-tax profit margin from continuing operations

                 34.3 %     28.4 %     16.0 %     19.2 %     5.9 %

Return on stockholders’ equity

                 26 %     16 %     6 %     11 %     3 %

Financial Condition (at year end)

                                                    

Total assets

   5 %   3 %   $   48,992     $   47,351     $   47,133     $   45,866     $   39,705  

Long-term debt

   (10 %)   (16 %)   $ 388     $ 462     $ 533     $ 721     $ 592  

Stockholders’ equity

   6 %   13 %   $ 5,008     $ 4,450     $ 4,386     $ 4,461     $ 4,011  

Assets to stockholders’ equity ratio

                 10       11       11       10       10  

Long-term debt to total financial capital (long-term debt plus stockholders’ equity)

                 7 %     9 %     11 %     14 %     13 %

Employee Information

                                                    

Full-time equivalent employees (at year end, in thousands)

   (3 %)   7 %     12.4       11.6       11.8       13.4       14.1  

Net revenues per average
full-time equivalent employee (in thousands)

   15 %   13 %   $ 362     $ 319     $ 260     $ 242     $ 207  

Note: All information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is presented on a continuing basis unless otherwise noted.

 

(1)

Both basic and diluted earnings per share include discontinued operations and an extraordinary gain in 2002.

 

(2)

Asset-based and other revenues include asset management and administration fees, net interest revenue, and other revenues. Trading revenues include commission and principal transaction revenues.

 

(3)

Capital expenditures in 2006 are presented net of proceeds of $63 million primarily from the sale of a data center and in 2005 are presented net of proceeds of $20 million from the sale of equipment.

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

OVERVIEW

 

Management of the Company focuses on several key financial and non-financial metrics in evaluating the Company’s financial position and operating performance. All information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is presented on a continuing operations basis unless otherwise noted. Results for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004 are shown in the following table:

 

    

Growth Rate
1-year

2005-2006


    2006

    2005

    2004

 

Client Activity Metrics:

                              

Net new client assets (in billions)

   4 %   $ 72.2     $ 69.5     $ 48.8  

Client assets (in billions, at year end)

   18 %   $     1,239.2     $     1,053.5     $     942.0  

Daily average revenue trades (in thousands)

   18 %     234.4       197.9       156.4  

Company Financial Metrics:

                              

Net revenue growth from prior year

           19 %     6 %     5 %

Pre-tax profit margin from continuing operations

           34.3 %     28.4 %     16.0 %

Return on stockholders’ equity

           26 %     16 %     6 %

Net revenue per average full-time equivalent employee

    (in thousands)

   13 %   $ 362     $ 319     $ 260  

 

Net new client assets is defined as the total inflows of client cash and securities to the firm less client outflows. Management believes that this metric depicts how well the Company’s products and services appeal to new and existing clients.

 

Client assets is the market value of all client assets housed at the Company. Management considers client assets to be indicative of the Company’s appeal in the marketplace. Additionally, growth in certain components of client assets (e.g., Mutual Fund OneSource funds) directly impacts asset management and administration fee revenues.

 

Daily average revenue trades (DART) is an important indicator of client engagement with securities markets and the most prominent driver of trading revenues.

 

Management believes that net revenue growth, pre-tax profit margin from continuing operations, and return on stockholders’ equity provide broad indicators of the Company’s overall financial health, operating efficiency, and ability to generate acceptable returns.

 

Net revenue per average full-time equivalent employee is considered by management to be the Company’s broadest measure of productivity.

 

The Company’s net revenues are classified into asset-based and other (i.e., asset management and administration fees, net interest revenue, and other revenue) and trading categories. The Company generates asset-based and other revenues primarily through asset management and administration fees earned through its proprietary and third-party mutual fund offerings, as well as fee-based investment management and advisory services, and interest revenue earned on margin loans, loans to banking clients, and investments. Asset-based and other revenues are impacted by securities valuations, interest rates, the Company’s ability to attract new clients, and client activity levels. The Company generates trading revenues through commissions earned for executing trades for clients and principal transaction revenues from trading activity in fixed income securities. Trading revenues are impacted by trading volumes, the volatility of equity prices in the securities markets and commission rates.

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

During 2006, interest rates stabilized and the S&P 500 Index and Nasdaq Composite Index marked their fourth consecutive year of gains. Overall market returns for the year showed double-digit gains for the three major indices – the Dow Jones Industrial Average increased 16%, the Standard and Poor’s 500 Index increased 14%, and the Nasdaq Composite Index increased 10%. Coupled with the strong market returns in 2006, the Company experienced a general improvement in client asset flows and trading volume as the year progressed.

 

The Company strengthened its operating and financial performance in 2006 by focusing on significantly improving the client experience in each of its two segments. Additionally, reflecting a commitment to deliver a value proposition that includes high quality products and services at competitive prices, the Company reduced its commission pricing for a wide range of clients and eliminated certain fees in 2006. Assets in client accounts were $1.239 trillion at December 31, 2006, up 18% from 2005. Net new client assets in the Schwab Investor Services and Schwab Institutional segments totaled $87.3 billion for the year, up 33% from a year ago.

 

Overall, the Company’s success in attracting client assets and building stronger client relationships, as well as the interest rate environment and improved market performance, led to a 24% increase in asset-based and other revenues and total net revenue growth of 19%. Expenses increased by 9% over 2005 levels, primarily due to higher compensation and benefits expense, professional services expense, and advertising and market development expense. The Company achieved an increase in its pre-tax profit margin from continuing operations due to revenue growth outpacing expense growth in 2006. Return on stockholders’ equity grew in 2006 due to both a 69% increase in net income to $1.2 billion (the highest level in the Company’s history) and its capital management activities, including the repurchase of $859 million of common stock.

 

Discontinued Operations

 

On November 19, 2006, CSC entered into a definitive agreement with Bank of America pursuant to which Bank of America will acquire all of the outstanding common stock of U.S. Trust for $3.3 billion in cash. The transaction is expected to close early in the third quarter of 2007. However, the closing is subject to (i) approval of new investment advisor agreements for each of the Excelsior® mutual funds by the applicable public fund board and the stockholders of each fund, (ii) regulatory approvals, and (iii) other customary closing conditions. The Company estimates it will record a pre-tax gain on the sale of approximately $1.9 billion. After-tax proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, including share repurchases and continued investment in Schwab Investor Services, Schwab Institutional, and Schwab Bank. U.S. Trust comprised all of the previously-reported U.S. Trust segment.

 

In 2006, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $205 million related to the estimated difference between the tax and book bases of the Company’s U.S. Trust stock. This amount is included in income from discontinued operations, net of tax on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. When calculating the Company’s gain on the sale of U.S. Trust for income tax purposes, the tax basis will be the basis of U.S. Trust’s prior stockholders in their shares as of the date U.S. Trust was acquired by the Company, since the transaction qualified as a tax-free exchange. This tax benefit is management’s current estimate and is based on publicly available information, including information on the composition of U.S. Trust’s stockholders at the acquisition date and the market price of U.S. Trust stock during relevant periods. The final amount of the basis difference, which could differ from management’s estimate, will be determined following a survey of former U.S. Trust stockholders that the Company expects to complete in mid-2007.

 

The results of operations, net of income taxes, and cash flows of U.S. Trust have been presented as discontinued operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of income and of cash flows, respectively, and the assets and liabilities of U.S. Trust have been combined and presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s consolidated prior period revenues, expenses, taxes on income, assets, liabilities, and cash flows also reflect this presentation.

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

On October 29, 2004, the Company sold its capital markets business to UBS and thereby eliminated the revenues and expenses unique to the capital markets business. The results of operations, net of income taxes, and cash flows of the capital markets business have been presented as discontinued operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of income and of cash flows for all periods.

 

     2006

   2005

    2004

 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax:

                       

Pending sale of U.S. Trust

   $ 333    $ 96     $       64  

Sale of capital markets business

     3      (5 )     (128 )
    

  


 


Total

   $     336    $     91     $ (64 )
    

  


 


 

Subsequent Events

 

On January 24, 2007, Christopher V. Dodds, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of CSC, announced his decision to retire as the Chief Financial Officer of CSC on May 18, 2007. The Board of Directors named Joseph R. Martinetto, Senior Vice President and Treasurer of CSC and Schwab, to replace Mr. Dodds as Chief Financial Officer of CSC effective upon Mr. Dodds’ retirement on May 18, 2007.

 

On February 20, 2007, the Board of Directors appointed Walter W. Bettinger II as President and Chief Operating Officer of CSC. Mr. Bettinger had been serving as Executive Vice President and President-Schwab Investor Services.

 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

    

Growth Rate
1-year

2005-2006


    2006

    2005

    2004

 

Asset-based and other revenues

   24 %   $     3,524     $     2,841     $     2,393  

Trading revenue

   1 %     785       778       1,023  
    

 


 


 


Total net revenues

   19 %     4,309       3,619       3,416  

Expenses excluding interest

   9 %     2,833       2,592       2,869  
    

 


 


 


Income from continuing operations before taxes on income

   44 %     1,476       1,027       547  

Taxes on income

   49 %     (585 )     (393 )     (197 )
    

 


 


 


Income from continuing operations

   41 %     891       634       350  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

   n/m       336       91       (64 )
    

 


 


 


Net income

   69 %   $ 1,227     $ 725     $ 286  
    

 


 


 


Earnings per share – diluted

   73 %   $ .95     $ .55     $ .21  

Pre-tax profit margin from continuing operations

           34.3 %     28.4 %     16.0 %

Effective income tax rate on income from continuing operations

           39.6 %     38.3 %     36.0 %

n/m Not meaningful.

 

The increase in asset-based and other revenues from 2005 was primarily due to an increase in asset management and administration fees resulting from higher levels of client assets and an increase in net interest revenue resulting from yields on assets increasing faster than those on liabilities. The increase in trading revenues from 2005 was primarily due to higher client trading activity, partially offset by lower average revenue earned per revenue trade resulting from reductions in the Company’s commission pricing, which were effective in the third quarter of 2006.

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

The increase in expenses excluding interest from 2005 was primarily due to higher compensation and benefits expense, professional services expense, and advertising and market development expense. The increases in the effective income tax rates from 2004 to 2006 were primarily due to higher state taxes.

 

The increase in income from continuing operations before taxes on income from 2005 was primarily due to higher asset-based and other revenues. The higher income from continuing operations, combined with the income from discontinued operations, resulted in a 69% increase in net income.

 

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current presentation. All references to EPS information in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations reflect diluted earnings per share unless otherwise noted.

 

Segment Information

 

The Company evaluates the performance of its segments on a pre-tax basis excluding items such as restructuring charges, impairment charges, discontinued operations, and extraordinary items.

 

As detailed in “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 21. Segment Information,” income from continuing operations before taxes on income was $1.5 billion for 2006, up $449 million, or 44%, from 2005 primarily due to increases of $278 million, or 37%, in the Schwab Investor Services segment; $87 million, or 27%, in the Schwab Institutional segment; and an $84 million increase in unallocated and other income from continuing operations. The increases in the Schwab Investor Services and Schwab Institutional segments were primarily due to growth in net interest revenue and higher asset management and administrative fees combined with expense growth that was lower than revenue growth. The increase in unallocated and other income from continuing operations was primarily due to the receipt of $25 million related to the confidential resolution of a legal matter in 2006 and restructuring charges recorded in 2005.

 

Net Revenues

 

The Company categorizes its revenues as either asset-based and other revenues or trading revenue. As shown in the following table, asset-based and other revenues, trading revenue, and total net revenues increased from 2005.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Sources of Net Revenues

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

           2006

    2005

    2004

 
     Growth Rate
2005-2006


    Amount

   % of
Total Net
Revenues


    Amount

   % of
Total Net
Revenues


    Amount

   % of
Total Net
Revenues


 

Asset-based and other revenues

                                             

Asset management and administration fees

                                             

Mutual fund service fees:

                                             

Proprietary funds (Schwab Funds® and Laudus FundsTM)

   15 %   $ 930    22 %   $ 807    22 %   $ 794    23 %

Mutual Fund OneSource®

   17 %     523    12 %     447    12 %     380    11 %

Other

   13 %     63    2 %     56    2 %     54    2 %

Investment management and trust fees

   34 %     296    7 %     221    6 %     149    4 %

Other

   (7 %)     133    3 %     143    4 %     172    5 %
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Asset management and administration fees

   16 %     1,945    46 %     1,674    46 %     1,549    45 %
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Net interest revenue

                                             

Interest revenue:

                                             

Margin loans to clients

   28 %     837    19 %     654    18 %     454    13 %

Investments, client-related

   17 %     609    14 %     522    14 %     293    9 %

Securities available for sale

   149 %     319    8 %     128    4 %     62    2 %

Loans to banking clients

   64 %     128    3 %     78    2 %     25    1 %

Other

   56 %     220    5 %     141    4 %     43    1 %
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Interest revenue

   39 %     2,113    49 %     1,523    42 %     877    26 %

Interest expense:

                                             

Brokerage client cash balances

   13 %     426    10 %     378    10 %     113    3 %

Deposits from banking clients

   170 %     200    5 %     74    2 %     21    1 %

Long-term debt

   (3 %)     29    1 %     30    1 %     28    1 %

Other

   26 %     24          19    1 %     10     
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Interest expense

   36 %     679    16 %     501    14 %     172    5 %
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Net interest revenue

   40 %     1,434    33 %     1,022    28 %     705    21 %
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Other

         145    3 %     145    5 %     139    4 %
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Total asset-based and other revenues

   24 %     3,524    82 %     2,841    79 %     2,393    70 %
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Trading revenue

                                             

Commissions

   1 %     703    16 %     693    19 %     934    27 %

Principal transactions

   (4 %)     82    2 %     85    2 %     89    3 %
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Total trading revenue

   1 %     785    18 %     778    21 %     1,023    30 %
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Total net revenues

   19 %   $     4,309    100 %   $     3,619    100 %   $     3,416    100 %
    

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Schwab Investor Services and Schwab Institutional segments generate both asset-based and other revenues and trading revenues. Net revenues by segment are as shown in the following table:

 

     Growth Rate
2005-2006


    2006

   2005

   2004

Schwab Investor Services

   18 %   $ 3,239    $ 2,742    $ 2,615

Schwab Institutional

   20 %     966      803      725

Unallocated and other

   41 %     104      74      76
    

 

  

  

Total net revenues

   19 %   $     4,309    $     3,619    $     3,416
    

 

  

  

 

The increase in net revenues in both the Schwab Investor Services and Schwab Institutional segments was primarily due to higher levels of client assets and higher interest rate spreads. The increase in unallocated and other income from continuing operations was primarily due to the receipt of $25 million related to the confidential resolution of a legal matter in 2006.

 

Asset Management and Administration Fees

 

Asset management and administration fees include mutual fund service fees, as well as fees for other asset-based financial services provided to individual and institutional clients. The Company earns mutual fund service fees for transfer agent services, shareholder services, administration, and investment management provided to its proprietary funds, and recordkeeping and shareholder services provided to third-party funds. These fees are based upon the daily balances of client assets invested in third-party funds and upon the average daily net assets of the Company’s proprietary funds. The Company also earns asset management and administration fees for financial services provided to individual and institutional clients, including trust and custody services.

 

The increase in asset management and related service fees from 2004 to 2006 was primarily due to higher levels of client assets in the Company’s proprietary mutual funds and higher volumes of asset-based fees from certain client relationships, including increases in average assets in Schwab’s Mutual Fund OneSource service.

 

Net Interest Revenue

 

Net interest revenue is the difference between interest earned on certain assets (mainly margin loans to clients, investments of segregated client cash balances, loans to banking clients, and securities available for sale) and interest paid on supporting liabilities (mainly deposits from banking clients and brokerage client cash balances). Net interest revenue is affected by changes in the volume and mix of these assets and liabilities, as well as by fluctuations in interest rates and portfolio management strategies. The Company is positioned so that the consolidated balance sheet produces an increase in net interest revenue when interest rates rise and, conversely, a decrease in net interest revenue when interest rates fall (i.e., interest-earning assets reprice more quickly than interest-bearing liabilities). In the event of falling interest rates, the Company might attempt to mitigate some of this negative impact by extending maturities of assets in investment portfolios to lock-in asset yields as well as by lowering rates paid to clients on interest-bearing liabilities.

 

In clearing its clients’ trades, Schwab holds cash balances payable to clients. In most cases, Schwab pays its clients interest on cash balances awaiting investment, and may invest these funds and earn interest revenue. Margin loans arise when Schwab lends funds to clients on a secured basis to purchase securities. Pursuant to SEC regulations, client cash balances that are not used for margin lending are generally segregated into investment accounts that are maintained for the exclusive benefit of clients.

 

When investing segregated client cash balances, Schwab must adhere to SEC regulations that restrict investments to U.S. government securities, participation certificates, mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association, certificates of deposit issued by U.S. banks and thrifts, and resale agreements

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

collateralized by qualified securities. Schwab’s policies for credit quality and maximum maturity requirements are more restrictive than these SEC regulations. Schwab Bank also maintains investment portfolios for liquidity as well as to invest funding from deposits raised in excess of loans to clients. Schwab Bank invests in securities available for sale, including commercial paper, collateralized mortgage obligations, corporate debt, and U.S. government securities. Schwab Bank lends funds to banking clients primarily in the form of mortgage loans. These loans are largely funded by interest-bearing deposits from banking clients.

 

The Company’s interest-earning assets are financed primarily by interest-bearing brokerage client cash balances and deposits from banking clients. Other funding sources include noninterest-bearing brokerage client cash balances, proceeds from stock-lending activities, and long-term debt, as well as stockholders’ equity. Client-related daily average balances, interest rates, and average net interest spread are summarized as follows:

 

     2006

    2005

    2004

 

Interest-Earning Assets (client-related and other):

                        

Investments (client-related):

                        

Average balance outstanding

   $     12,758     $     17,007     $     20,159  

Average interest rate

     4.77 %     3.07 %     1.45 %

Margin loans to clients:

                        

Average balance outstanding

   $ 10,252     $ 9,780     $ 9,074  

Average interest rate

     8.17 %     6.69 %     4.99 %

Securities available for sale:

                        

Average balance outstanding (1)

   $ 6,090     $ 3,363     $ 2,487  

Average interest rate

     5.23 %     3.81 %     2.48 %

Loans to banking clients:

                        

Average balance outstanding

   $ 2,162     $ 1,613     $ 733  

Average interest rate

     5.94 %     4.84 %     3.45 %

Average yield on interest-earning assets

     6.06 %     4.35 %     2.60 %

Funding Sources (client-related and other):

                        

Interest-bearing brokerage client cash balances:

                        

Average balance outstanding

   $ 17,865     $ 22,037     $ 23,788  

Average interest rate

     2.38 %     1.72 %     .47 %

Interest-bearing banking deposits:

                        

Average balance outstanding (1)

   $ 9,137     $ 5,597     $ 3,748  

Average interest rate

     2.19 %     1.32 %     .55 %

Other interest-bearing sources:

                        

Average balance outstanding

   $ 1,816     $ 1,585     $ 2,518  

Average interest rate

     2.42 %     2.32 %     1.07 %

Average noninterest-bearing portion

   $ 2,444     $ 2,544     $ 2,399  

Average interest rate on funding sources

     2.14 %     1.54 %     .49 %

Summary:

                        

Average yield on interest-earning assets

     6.06 %     4.35 %     2.60 %

Average interest rate on funding sources

     2.14 %     1.54 %     .49 %
    


 


 


Average net interest spread

     3.92 %     2.81 %     2.11 %
    


 


 



(1)

Includes assets and liabilities retained from discontinued operations as discussed below.

 

The increases in net interest revenue in the last two years were primarily due to changes in the composition of interest-earning assets, including increases in securities available for sale, loans to banking clients, and margin loan balances, as well as generally higher yields on earning assets, partially offset by higher interest rates on banking deposits.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Since the Company establishes the rates paid on brokerage client cash balances and certain banking deposits and the rates charged on margin loans, it manages a substantial portion of its net interest spread. However, the spread is influenced by external factors such as the interest rate environment and competition. The Company’s average net interest spread increased from 2004 to 2006 as the average yield on interest-earning assets, primarily client-related investments, increased more than the average interest rate on funding sources.

 

Certain interest-bearing assets and liabilities of U.S. Trust to be retained by the Company: The excess cash held in certain Schwab brokerage client accounts is swept into a money market deposit account at U.S. Trust. In 2007, Schwab will terminate this arrangement prior to the closing of the sale of U.S. Trust and move these balances to a similar existing arrangement with Schwab Bank. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, these balances totaled $749 million and $711 million, respectively, and are included in deposits from banking clients with a corresponding amount in assets retained from discontinued operations on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The interest expense related to these client deposit balances is included in interest expense from continuing operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of income of $11 million, $6 million, and $2 million for 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. The corresponding interest revenue on the invested cash balances related to these deposits is included in interest revenue from continuing operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of income of $38 million, $22 million, and $6 million for 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. The interest revenue amount is calculated using the Company’s funds transfer pricing methodology.

 

Other Revenue

 

Other revenue generally includes net gains and losses on certain investments, service fees, and software maintenance fees.

 

Trading Revenue

 

Trading revenue includes commission and principal transaction revenues. Commission revenues are affected by the number of revenue trades executed and the average revenue earned per revenue trade. Principal transaction revenues are primarily comprised of revenues from client fixed income securities trading activity. Factors that influence principal transaction revenues include the volume of client trades, market price volatility, and changes in regulations and industry practices. The increase in trading revenue from 2005 to 2006 was primarily due to higher daily average revenue trades, partially offset by lower average revenue earned per revenue trade as a result of reductions in commission pricing in 2006 and 2005. The decrease in trading revenue from 2004 to 2005 was primarily due to lower average revenue earned per revenue trade as a result of reductions in commission pricing for a wide range of clients in 2005 and 2004, partially offset by higher daily average revenue trades.

 

As shown in the following table, daily average revenue trades executed by the Company increased 18% in 2006. Average revenue earned per revenue trade decreased 14% from 2005 to 2006, and 41% from 2004 to 2005, primarily due to the pricing changes discussed above.

 

     Growth Rate
2005-2006


    2006

   2005

   2004

Daily average revenue trades (in thousands) (1)

   18 %     234.4      197.9      156.4

Number of trading days

   (1 %)     250.0      251.5      251.5

Average revenue earned per revenue trade

   (14 %)   $ 13.39    $ 15.61    $ 26.34

 


(1)

Includes all client trades that generate trading revenue (i.e., commission revenue or revenue from fixed income securities trading).

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Expenses Excluding Interest

 

As shown in the table below, total expenses excluding interest increased in 2006 primarily due to higher compensation and benefits expense, professional services expense, and advertising and market development expense.

 

     Growth Rate
2005-2006


    2006

   2005

   2004

Compensation and benefits

   12%     $ 1,619    $ 1,449    $ 1,456

Professional services

   28%       285      222      210

Occupancy and equipment

   (1% )     260      262      319

Advertising and market development

   15%       189      165      174

Communications

   3%       180      174      202

Depreciation and amortization

   (12% )     157      179      197

Restructuring charges

   (100% )          16      186

Other

   14%       143      125      125
    

 

  

  

Total expenses excluding interest

   9%     $     2,833    $     2,592    $     2,869
    

 

  

  

Expenses as a percentage of total net revenues:

                          

Total expenses, excluding interest

           66%      72%      84%

Compensation and benefits

           38%      40%      43%

Advertising and market development

           4%      5%      5%

 

Compensation and Benefits

 

Compensation and benefits expense includes salaries and wages, incentive compensation, and related employee benefits and taxes. Incentive compensation is tied to the achievement of specified objectives, including revenue growth, profit margin, and EPS. Therefore, a significant portion of compensation and benefits expense will fluctuate with these measures.

 

The increase in compensation and benefits expense from 2005 to 2006 was primarily due to higher levels of incentive compensation. The decrease in compensation and benefits expense from 2004 to 2005 was primarily due to a reduction in full-time employees through the Company’s past restructuring initiatives, partially offset by higher levels of incentives to employees as a result of the Company’s improved financial performance. The following table shows a comparison of certain compensation and benefits components and employee data:

 

     Growth Rate
2005-2006


    2006

   2005

   2004

Salaries and wages

   4 %   $ 872    $ 842    $ 958

Incentive compensation (1)

   30 %     504      389      258

Employee benefits and other

   11 %     243      218      240
    

 

  

  

Total compensation and benefits expense

   12 %   $     1,619    $     1,449    $     1,456
    

 

  

  

Full-time equivalent employees (in thousands) (2)

                          

At year end

   7 %     12.4      11.6      11.8

Average

   5 %     11.9      11.3      13.1

(1)

Includes incentives, discretionary bonus costs, long-term incentive plan compensation, and stock-based compensation.

(2)

Includes full-time, part-time and temporary employees, and persons employed on a contract basis, but excludes professional services related to outsourced service providers. Amounts have been adjusted to exclude U.S. Trust in light of its pending sale.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

The increases in incentive compensation expense from 2004 to 2006 were primarily due to higher levels of discretionary bonuses to employees and long-term incentive plan compensation in 2005, and increases in incentives and long-term incentive plan compensation in 2006.

 

Expenses Excluding Compensation and Benefits

 

The increase in professional services expense from 2005 to 2006 was primarily due to higher levels of fees paid to outsourced service providers and consultants. The decrease in occupancy and equipment expense from 2004 to 2005 was primarily due to the Company’s past restructuring initiatives and other expense reduction measures. The increase in advertising and market development expense from 2005 to 2006 was primarily due to the Company’s media spending related to its “Talk to Chuck™” national advertising campaign during 2006. The decrease in communications from 2004 to 2005 was primarily due to decreases in telecommunication services, news and quotes services, and market data fees.

 

Restructuring

 

During 2001 to 2004, the Company carried out a series of restructuring initiatives which were designed to strengthen its productivity and efficiency and increase profitability. These initiatives included workforce reductions, reductions in operating facilities, the removal of certain systems hardware, software, and equipment from service, and the withdrawal from certain international operations. The Company completed its 2004 cost reduction effort in the first half of 2005.

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

CSC conducts substantially all of its business through its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The capital structure among CSC and its subsidiaries is designed to provide each entity with capital and liquidity to meet its operational needs and regulatory requirements.

 

CSC is a financial holding company, which is a type of bank holding company subject to supervision and regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve Board) under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. In July 2006, USTC (currently reflected as a discontinued operation for financial statement purposes) became a financial holding company. CSC and its depository institution subsidiaries, which include Schwab Bank and U.S. Trust, are subject to the Federal Reserve Board’s risk-based and leverage capital guidelines. These regulations require banks and bank holding companies to maintain minimum levels of capital. In addition, CSC’s depository institution subsidiaries are subject to limitations on the amount of dividends they can pay to CSC. Based on their respective regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company’s depository institution subsidiaries are considered well capitalized.

 

Liquidity

 

CSC

 

CSC’s liquidity needs are generally met through cash generated by its subsidiaries, as well as cash provided by external financing. Schwab and Schwab Bank are subject to regulatory requirements that may restrict them from certain transactions with CSC. Management believes that funds generated by the operations of CSC’s subsidiaries will continue to be the primary funding source in meeting CSC’s liquidity needs, providing adequate liquidity to meet Schwab Bank’s capital guidelines, and maintaining Schwab’s net capital.

 

CSC has liquidity needs that arise from its Senior Medium-Term Notes, Series A (Medium-Term Notes), as well as from the funding of cash dividends, acquisitions, and other investments. The Medium-Term Notes, of which $262 million was

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006, have maturities ranging from 2007 to 2010 and fixed interest rates ranging from 6.52% to 8.05% with interest payable semiannually. The Medium-Term Notes are rated A2 by Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s), A- by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (S&P), and A by Fitch IBCA, Inc. (Fitch).

 

CSC has a prospectus supplement on file with the SEC enabling CSC to issue up to $750 million in Senior or Senior Subordinated Medium-Term Notes, Series A. At December 31, 2006, all of these notes remained unissued.

 

CSC has a Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 on Form S-3 on file with the SEC relating to a universal shelf registration for the issuance of up to $1.0 billion aggregate amount of various securities, including common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, and warrants. At December 31, 2006, all of these securities remained unissued.

 

CSC has authorization from its Board of Directors to issue commercial paper up to the amount of CSC’s committed, unsecured credit facility (see below), not to exceed $1.5 billion. At December 31, 2006, no commercial paper had been issued. CSC’s ratings for these short-term borrowings are P-1 by Moody’s, A-2 by S&P, and F1 by Fitch.

 

CSC maintains an $800 million committed, unsecured credit facility with a group of eighteen banks which is scheduled to expire in June 2007. CSC plans to establish a similar facility to replace this one when it expires. These facilities were unused in 2006. Any issuances under CSC’s commercial paper program will reduce the amount available under this facility. The funds under this facility are available for general corporate purposes and CSC pays a commitment fee on the unused balance of this facility. The financial covenants in this facility require CSC to maintain a minimum level of stockholders’ equity, Schwab to maintain a minimum net capital ratio, as defined, and CSC’s depository institution subsidiaries to be well capitalized, as defined. Management believes that these restrictions will not have a material effect on its ability to meet foreseeable dividend or funding requirements.

 

CSC also has direct access to $792 million of the $842 million uncommitted, unsecured bank credit lines, provided by eight banks, that are primarily utilized by Schwab to manage short-term liquidity. The amount available to CSC under these lines is lower than the amount available to Schwab because the credit line provided by one of these banks is only available to Schwab. These lines were not used by CSC in 2006.

 

Schwab

 

Most of Schwab’s assets are readily convertible to cash, consisting primarily of short-term (i.e., less than 150 days) investment-grade, interest-earning investments (the majority of which are segregated for the exclusive benefit of clients pursuant to regulatory requirements), receivables from brokerage clients, and receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations. Client margin loans are demand loan obligations secured by readily marketable securities. Receivables from and payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations primarily represent current open transactions, which usually settle, or can be closed out, within a few business days.

 

Liquidity needs relating to client trading and margin borrowing activities are met primarily through cash balances in brokerage client accounts, which were $19.9 billion, $24.2 billion, and $27.0 billion at December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. Management believes that brokerage client cash balances and operating earnings will continue to be the primary sources of liquidity for Schwab in the future.

 

The Company has a lease financing liability related to an office building and land under a 20-year lease. The remaining lease financing liability of $126 million at December 31, 2006 is being reduced by a portion of the lease payments over the remaining lease term.

 

To manage short-term liquidity, Schwab maintains uncommitted, unsecured bank credit lines with a group of eight banks totaling $842 million at December 31, 2006. The need for short-term borrowings arises primarily from timing differences

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

between cash flow requirements and the scheduled liquidation of interest-bearing investments. Schwab used such borrowings for twelve days in 2006, with daily amounts borrowed averaging $79 million. There were no borrowings outstanding under these lines at December 31, 2006.

 

To satisfy the margin requirement of client option transactions with the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC), Schwab has unsecured letter of credit agreements with eleven banks in favor of the OCC aggregating $930 million at December 31, 2006. Schwab pays a fee to maintain these arrangements. In connection with its securities lending activities, Schwab is required to provide collateral to certain brokerage clients. Schwab satisfies the collateral requirements by arranging letters of credit (LOCs), in favor of these brokerage clients, which are issued by multiple banks. At December 31, 2006, the aggregate face amount of these outstanding LOCs totaled $173 million. No funds were drawn under these LOCs at December 31, 2006.

 

Schwab is subject to regulatory requirements that are intended to ensure the general financial soundness and liquidity of broker-dealers. These regulations prohibit Schwab from repaying subordinated borrowings to CSC, paying cash dividends, or making unsecured advances or loans to its parent or employees if such payment would result in net capital of less than 5% of aggregate debit balances or less than 120% of its minimum dollar requirement of $250,000. At December 31, 2006, Schwab’s net capital was $1.1 billion (10% of aggregate debit balances), which was $850 million in excess of its minimum required net capital and $511 million in excess of 5% of aggregate debit balances. Schwab targets net capital to be at least 10% of its aggregate debit balances, which primarily consist of client margin loans.

 

To manage Schwab’s regulatory capital requirement, CSC provides Schwab with a $1.4 billion subordinated revolving credit facility which is scheduled to expire in March 2008. The amount outstanding under this facility at December 31, 2006 was $220 million. Borrowings under this subordinated lending arrangement qualify as regulatory capital for Schwab.

 

Schwab Bank

 

Schwab Bank’s current liquidity needs are generally met through deposits from banking clients and equity capital.

 

The excess cash held in certain Schwab brokerage client accounts is swept into a money market deposit account at Schwab Bank. At December 31, 2006, these balances totaled $9.9 billion.

 

Schwab Bank has access to traditional funding sources such as deposits, federal funds purchased, and repurchase agreements. Additionally, CSC provides Schwab Bank with a $100 million short-term credit facility maturing in December 2007. Borrowings under this facility do not qualify as regulatory capital for Schwab Bank. No funds were drawn under this facility at December 31, 2006.

 

Schwab Bank maintains a credit facility with the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB). At December 31, 2006, $683 million was available, and no funds were drawn under this facility.

 

U.S. Trust (currently reflected as a discontinued operation for financial statement purposes)

 

The liquidity needs of U.S. Trust are generally met through deposits from banking clients, equity capital, and borrowings.

 

The excess cash held in certain Schwab brokerage client accounts is swept into a money market deposit account at U.S. Trust. At December 31, 2006, these balances totaled $749 million.

 

In addition to traditional funding sources such as deposits, federal funds purchased, and repurchase agreements, USTC’s depository institution subsidiaries have established their own external funding sources. At December 31, 2006, U.S. Trust had $52 million in Trust Preferred Capital Securities outstanding with a fixed interest rate of 8.41%. In

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

December 2006, U.S. Trust elected to and submitted notice to redeem all of the outstanding Trust Preferred Capital Securities on February 1, 2007.

 

Certain of USTC’s depository institution subsidiaries have established credit facilities with the FHLB totaling $2.3 billion. At December 31, 2006, $100 million was outstanding under these facilities. Additionally, at December 31, 2006, U.S. Trust had $1 million of federal funds purchased.

 

U.S. Trust also engages in intercompany repurchase agreements with Schwab and had $200 million outstanding with Schwab at December 31, 2006.

 

CSC provides U.S. Trust with a $300 million short-term credit facility maturing in December 2007. Borrowings under this facility do not qualify as regulatory capital for U.S. Trust. No funds were drawn under this facility at December 31, 2006.

 

U.S. Trust uses interest rate swap agreements (Swaps) with third parties to hedge the interest rate risk primarily associated with its variable rate deposits from banking clients. These Swaps are structured for U.S. Trust to receive a variable rate of interest and pay a fixed rate of interest. At December 31, 2006, the Swaps had a notional value of $660 million and a fair value of $6 million.

 

Prior to or as of the closing date of the sale of U.S. Trust, all of the arrangements with U.S. Trust disclosed above, except for the credit facilities with the FHLB and the Swaps, will be cancelled or terminated.

 

Capital Resources

 

The Company monitors both the relative composition and absolute level of its capital structure. Management is focused on limiting the Company’s use of capital and currently targets a long-term debt to total financial capital ratio of less than 20%. The Company’s total financial capital (long-term debt plus stockholders’ equity) at December 31, 2006 was $5.4 billion, up $484 million from December 31, 2005. At December 31, 2006, the Company had long-term debt of $388 million, or 7% of total financial capital, that bears interest at a weighted-average rate of 7.02%. At December 31, 2005, the Company had long-term debt of $462 million, or 9% of total financial capital.

 

The Company’s cash position (reported as cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet) and cash flows are affected by changes in brokerage client cash balances and the associated amounts required to be segregated under federal or other regulatory guidelines. Timing differences between cash and investments actually segregated on a given date and the amount required to be segregated for that date may arise in the ordinary course of business and are addressed by the Company in accordance with applicable regulations. Other factors which affect the Company’s cash position and cash flows include investment activity in securities, levels of capital expenditures, acquisition and divestiture activity, banking client deposit activity, brokerage and banking client loan activity, financing activity in long-term debt, payments of dividends, and repurchases of CSC’s common stock. The combination of these factors can cause significant fluctuations in the levels of cash and cash equivalents during specific time periods.

 

In 2006, cash and cash equivalents increased $2.6 billion, or 137%, to $4.5 billion primarily due to movements of brokerage client-related funds to meet segregation requirements and an increase in deposits from banking clients. These changes were partially offset by a decrease in payables to brokerage clients and an increase in securities available for sale.

 

The Company repaid $68 million and $56 million of long-term debt in 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Capital Expenditures

 

In 2006, the Company’s capital expenditures were $122 million. The Company sold $63 million of fixed assets, which primarily consisted of a data center. In 2005, the Company’s capital expenditures were $98 million and the Company sold $20 million of fixed assets. Capital expenditures, net, as a percentage of net revenues totaled 1% and 2% in 2006 and 2005, respectively. In 2006 and 2005, capital expenditures were primarily for software and equipment relating to the Company’s information technology systems. Capital expenditures include capitalized costs for developing internal-use software of $42 million in 2006 and $32 million in 2005.

 

Management currently anticipates that 2007 capital expenditures will be approximately 40% higher than 2006 spending, primarily due to increased spending on capitalized costs for developing internal-use software and assets relating to the Company’s information technology systems. As has been the case in recent years, the Company may adjust its capital expenditures from period to period as business conditions change. Management believes that funds generated by its operations will continue to be the primary funding source of its capital expenditures.

 

Dividends

 

CSC paid common stock cash dividends of $173 million and $116 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Since the initial dividend in 1989, CSC has paid 71 consecutive quarterly dividends and has increased the dividend 18 times, including a 20% and 67% increase in the second and fourth quarters of 2006, respectively. Since 1989, dividends have increased by a 28% compounded annual growth rate. CSC paid common stock dividends of $.135, $.089, and $.074 per share in 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. While the payment and amount of dividends are at the discretion of the Board, subject to certain regulatory and other restrictions, the Company currently targets its cash dividend at approximately 20% to 30% of net income.

 

Share Repurchases

 

CSC repurchased 52 million shares of its common stock for $859 million in 2006 and 56 million shares of its common stock for $688 million in 2005. As of December 31, 2006, CSC had authority to repurchase up to $87 million of its common stock under prior authorization by the Board of Directors. On January 24, 2007, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of CSC’s common stock in addition to this remaining authorization.

 

Acquisition and Divestiture

 

Upon completion of the pending sale of U.S. Trust in 2007, the Company will receive pre-tax proceeds of approximately $3.3 billion. The Company plans to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including share repurchases and continued investment in Schwab Investor Services, Schwab Institutional, and Schwab Bank.

 

On December 22, 2006, the Company announced an agreement to acquire The 401(k) Company from Nationwide Financial Services, Inc. for $115 million in cash. The transaction is expected to close in March 2007, subject to customary closing conditions.

 

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements

 

The Company enters into various off-balance-sheet arrangements in the ordinary course of business, primarily to meet the needs of its clients. These arrangements include firm commitments to extend credit. Additionally, the Company enters into guarantees and other similar arrangements as part of transactions in the ordinary course of business. For information on each of these arrangements, see “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 18. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.”

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Contractual Obligations

 

A summary of the Company’s principal contractual obligations as of December 31, 2006 is shown in the following table. Excluded from this table are liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheet that are generally short-term in nature (e.g., drafts payable) or without contractual payment terms (e.g., deposits from banking clients, payables to brokerage clients, and deferred compensation). Management believes that funds generated by its continuing operations, as well as cash provided by external financing, will continue to be the primary funding sources in meeting these obligations.

 

     Less than
1 Year


   1-3
Years


   3-5
Years


   More than
5 Years


   Total

Credit-related financial instruments (1)

   $ 277         $ 6    $ 2,462    $ 2,745

Operating leases (2)

     121    $ 212      170      268      771

Long-term debt (3)

     43      34      211      100      388

Purchase obligations (4)

     279      122      12           413

Long-term incentive plan (5)

     38      102                140

Acquisition-related commitment

     115                     115
    

  

  

  

  

Total

   $     873    $     470    $     399    $     2,830    $     4,572
    

  

  

  

  


(1)

Represents Schwab Bank’s firm commitments to extend credit primarily for loans to banking clients.

 

(2)

Represents minimum rental commitments, net of sublease commitments, and includes facilities under the Company’s restructuring initiatives.

 

(3)

Excludes maturities under a lease financing liability, interest payments, and the effect of interest swaps.

 

(4)

Consists of purchase obligations for services such as advertising and marketing, telecommunications, professional services, and hardware- and software-related agreements. Includes purchase obligations which can be canceled by the Company without penalty.

 

(5)

Represents the liability associated with the Company’s long-term incentive plans.

 

RISK MANAGEMENT

 

Overview

 

The Company’s business activities expose it to a variety of risks including technology and operations risk, credit, market and liquidity risks, and legal and reputational risk. Identification and management of these risks are essential to the success and financial soundness of the Company.

 

Senior management takes an active role in the Company’s risk management process and has developed policies and procedures under which specific business and control units are responsible for identifying, measuring, and controlling various risks. Oversight of risk management has been delegated to the Global Risk Committee, which is comprised of senior managers of major business and control functions. The Global Risk Committee is responsible for reviewing and monitoring the Company’s risk exposures, and leading the continued development of the Company’s risk management policies and practices.

 

Functional risk sub-committees focusing on specific areas of risk report into the Global Risk Committee. These sub-committees include:

 

 

Corporate Asset-Liability Management and Pricing Committee, which focuses on the Company’s liquidity, capital resources, and interest rate risk;

 

 

Credit and Market Risk Oversight Committee, which focuses on the credit exposures resulting from client activity (e.g., margin lending activities and loans to banking clients), the investing activities of certain of the Company’s

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

 

proprietary funds, corporate credit activities (e.g., counterparty and corporate investing activities), and market risk resulting from the Company taking positions in certain securities to facilitate client trading activity;

 

 

Technology and Operations Risk Committee, which focuses on the integrity of controls and operating capacity of the Company’s systems and operations processes;

 

 

Fiduciary Risk Committee, which oversees activities of the Company with a fiduciary component;

 

 

New Products Committee, which addresses risks associated with new products and services; and

 

 

Information Security and Privacy Steering Committee, which oversees information security and privacy programs and policies.

 

The Global Risk Committee reports regularly to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (Audit Committee), which reviews major risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures.

 

The Company’s Disclosure Committee is responsible for the monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s (a) disclosure controls and procedures and (b) internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal quarter. The Disclosure Committee reports on this evaluation to the CEO and CFO prior to their certification required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.

 

Additionally, the Company’s compliance, finance, internal audit, legal, and risk and credit management departments assist management and the various risk committees in evaluating, testing, and monitoring the Company’s risk management.

 

Risk is inherent in the Company’s business. Consequently, despite the Company’s efforts to identify areas of risk, oversee operational areas involving risk, and implement policies and procedures designed to manage risk, there can be no assurance that the Company will not suffer unexpected losses due to operating or other risks. The following discussion highlights the Company’s policies and procedures for identification, assessment, and management of the principal areas of risk in its operations.

 

Technology and Operating Risk

 

Technology and operating risk is the potential for loss due to deficiencies in control processes or technology systems that constrain the Company’s ability to gather, process and communicate information and process client transactions efficiently and securely, without interruptions. The Company’s operations are highly dependent on the integrity of its technology systems and the Company’s success depends, in part, on its ability to make timely enhancements and additions to its technology in anticipation of evolving client needs. To the extent the Company experiences system interruptions, errors or downtime (which could result from a variety of causes, including changes in client use patterns, technological failure, changes to its systems, linkages with third-party systems, and power failures), the Company’s business and operations could be significantly negatively impacted. Additionally, rapid increases in client demand may strain the Company’s ability to enhance its technology and expand its operating capacity. To minimize business interruptions, Schwab has two data centers intended, in part, to further improve the recovery of business processing in the event of an emergency. The Company is committed to an ongoing process of upgrading, enhancing, and testing its technology systems. This effort is focused on meeting client needs, meeting market and regulatory changes, and deploying standardized technology platforms.

 

Technology and operating risk also includes the risk of human error, employee misconduct, external fraud, computer viruses, terrorist attack, and natural disaster. Employee misconduct could include fraud and misappropriation of client or Company assets, improper use or disclosure of confidential client or Company information, and unauthorized activities, such as transactions exceeding acceptable risks or authorized limits. External fraud includes misappropriation of client or Company assets by third parties, including through unauthorized access to Company systems and data and client accounts. The frequency and sophistication of such fraud attempts continue to increase.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

The Company has specific policies and procedures to identify and manage operational risk, and uses periodic risk self-assessments and internal audit reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of these internal controls. The Company maintains backup and recovery functions, including facilities for backup and communications, and conducts periodic testing of disaster recovery plans. The Company also maintains policies and procedures and technology to protect against fraud and unauthorized access to systems and data.

 

Despite the Company’s risk management efforts, it is not always possible to deter or prevent technological or operational failure, or fraud or other misconduct, and the precautions taken by the Company may not be effective in all cases. The Company may be subject to litigation, losses, and regulatory actions in such cases, and may be required to expend significant additional resources to remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures.

 

The Company also faces technology and operating risk when it employs the services of various external vendors, including domestic and international outsourcing of certain technology, processing, and support functions. The Company manages its exposure to such outsourcing risks through contractual agreements, enhanced controls, and ongoing monitoring of vendor performance. The Company maintains policies and procedures regarding the standard of care expected with Company data, whether the data is internal company information, employee information, or non-public client information. The Company clearly defines for employees, contractors, and vendors the Company’s expected standards of care for confidential data. Regular training is provided by the Company in regard to data security.

 

The Company is actively engaged in the research and development of new technologies, services, and products. The Company endeavors to protect its research and development efforts, and its brands, through the use of copyrights, patents, trade secrets, and contracts.

 

Credit Risk

 

Credit risk is the potential for loss due to a client or counterparty failing to perform its contractual obligations, or the value of collateral held to secure obligations proving to be inadequate. The Company’s direct exposure to credit risk mainly results from margin lending activities, securities lending activities, its role as a counterparty in financial contracts and investing activities, and indirectly from the investing activities of certain of the Company’s proprietary funds. To manage the risks of such losses, the Company has established policies and procedures which include: establishing and reviewing credit limits, monitoring of credit limits and quality of counterparties, and adjusting margin requirements for certain securities. In addition, most of the Company’s credit extensions, such as margin loans to clients, securities lending agreements, and resale agreements, are supported by collateral arrangements. These arrangements are subject to requirements to provide additional collateral in the event that market fluctuations result in declines in the value of collateral received.

 

Additionally, the Company has exposure to credit risk associated with the Company’s banking loan portfolios held at Schwab Bank and U.S. Trust (currently reflected as a discontinued operation for financial statement purposes). This client credit exposure is actively managed through individual and portfolio reviews performed by account officers and senior line management. Periodic assessment of the validity of credit ratings, credit quality and the credit management process is conducted by a credit review department which is separate from the loan origination and monitoring department. Management regularly reviews asset quality including concentrations, delinquencies, non-performing loans to banking clients, losses, and recoveries. All are factors in the determination of an appropriate allowance for credit losses, which is reviewed quarterly by senior management.

 

Schwab performs clearing services for all securities transactions in its client accounts. Schwab has exposure to credit risk due to its obligation to settle transactions with clearing corporations, mutual funds, and other financial institutions even if Schwab’s client or a counterparty fails to meet its obligations to Schwab.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Fiduciary Risk

 

Fiduciary risk is the potential for financial or reputational loss through breach of fiduciary duties to a client. Fiduciary activities include, but are not limited to, individual and institutional trust, investment management, custody, and cash and securities processing. The Company attempts to manage this risk by establishing procedures to ensure that obligations to clients are discharged faithfully and in compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Business units have the primary responsibility for adherence to the procedures applicable to their business. Guidance and control are provided through the creation, approval, and ongoing review of applicable policies by business units and various fiduciary risk committees.

 

Legal and Regulatory Risk

 

The Company faces significant legal and compliance risk in its business, and the volume of litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial services firms and the amount of damages claimed have been increasing. Among other things, these risks relate to the suitability of client investments, conflicts of interest, disclosure obligations and performance expectations for Company products and services, supervision of employees, and the adequacy of the Company’s controls. Claims against the Company may increase due to a variety of factors, such as if clients suffer losses during a period of deteriorating equity market conditions, as the Company increases the level of advice it provides to clients, and as the Company enhances the services it provides to IAs. In addition, the Company and its affiliates are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and foreign regulatory authorities, and SROs, and such regulation is becoming increasingly extensive and complex.

 

The Company attempts to manage legal and compliance risk through policies and procedures reasonably designed to avoid litigation claims and prevent or detect violations of applicable legal and regulatory requirements. These procedures address issues such as business conduct and ethics, sales and trading practices, marketing and communications, extension of credit, client funds and securities, books and records, anti-money laundering, client privacy, employment policies, and contracts management. Despite the Company’s efforts to maintain an effective compliance program and internal controls, legal breaches and rule violations could result in reputational harm, significant losses and disciplinary sanctions, including limitations on the Company’s business activities.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

 

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. While the majority of the Company’s revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities are not based on estimates, there are certain accounting principles that require management to make estimates regarding matters that are uncertain and susceptible to change where such change may result in a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position and reported financial results. These critical accounting estimates are described below. Management regularly reviews the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for reasonableness and adequacy.

 

Income Tax Benefit Related to the Pending Sale of U.S. Trust: In 2006, the Company recorded a $205 million income tax benefit related to the estimated difference between the tax and book bases of the Company’s U.S. Trust stock. This amount is included in income from discontinued operations, net of tax on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. When calculating the Company’s gain on the sale of U.S. Trust for income tax purposes, the tax basis will be the basis of U.S. Trust’s prior stockholders in their shares as of the date U.S. Trust was acquired by the Company, since the transaction qualified as a tax-free exchange. This tax benefit is management’s current estimate and is based on publicly available information, including information on the composition of U.S. Trust’s stockholders at the acquisition date and the market price of U.S. Trust stock during relevant periods. The final amount of the basis difference, which could differ from management’s estimate, will be determined following a survey of former U.S. Trust stockholders that the Company expects to complete in mid-2007.

 

Valuation of Goodwill: Under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at least annually, or whenever indications of impairment exist. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, resulting in an impairment charge for this excess.

 

The Company has elected April 1 as its annual goodwill impairment testing date. In testing for a potential impairment of goodwill on April 1, 2006, management estimated the fair value of each of the Company’s reporting units (generally defined as the Company’s businesses for which financial information is available and reviewed regularly by management) and compared this value to the carrying value of the reporting unit. The estimated fair value of each reporting unit was greater than its carrying value, and therefore management concluded that no amount of goodwill was impaired. The estimated fair value of the reporting units was established using a discounted cash flow model that includes significant assumptions about the future operating results and cash flows of each reporting unit. Adverse changes in the Company’s planned business operations such as unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, the sale of a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit, or other unforeseen developments could result in an impairment of the Company’s recorded goodwill. The Company’s goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization, was $419 million at both December 31, 2006 and 2005.

 

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities: As part of its asset and liability management process, the Company has entered into Swaps that effectively convert the interest rate characteristics of a portion of the Company’s Medium-Term Notes from fixed to variable. The Company has designated such Swaps as fair value hedges, as allowed by SFAS No. 133 – Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. Since the notional amount, fixed interest rate, and maturity of these Swaps exactly match the terms of the corresponding Medium-Term Notes, the Company has concluded that these Swaps are completely effective in achieving the desired hedging results, as permitted under SFAS No. 133. Consequently, changes in the fair value of these Swaps, totaling an aggregate of approximately $500,000 and $2 million asset at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, are completely offset by changes in the fair value of the hedged Medium-Term Notes. Accordingly, there has not been any impact on earnings as a result of this hedging program except for the conversion from a fixed to a floating rate of interest on a portion of the Medium-Term Notes.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Schwab Bank’s loans held for sale portfolio consists of fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgages, which are subject to a loss in value when market interest rates rise. Schwab Bank uses forward sale commitments to manage this risk. These forward sale commitments have been designated as cash flow hedging instruments of the loans held for sale. Accordingly, the fair values of these forward sale commitments are recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, with gains or losses recorded in other comprehensive income (loss).

 

Additionally, Schwab Bank uses forward sale commitments to hedge interest rate lock commitments issued on mortgage loans that will be held for sale. Schwab Bank considers the fair value of these commitments to be zero at the commitment date, with subsequent changes in fair value determined solely based on changes in market interest rates. Any changes in fair value of the interest rate lock commitments are completely offset by changes in fair value of the related forward sale commitments.

 

At both December 31, 2006 and 2005, the derivative assets and liabilities recorded by Schwab Bank for these forward sale and interest rate lock commitments were immaterial.

 

Allowance for Credit Losses: The Company regularly evaluates its portfolio of loans to banking clients and provides allowances for the portion management believes may be uncollectible. Several factors are taken into consideration in this evaluation including current economic conditions, the composition of the loan portfolio, past loss experience, and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. For Schwab Bank’s portfolio, which primarily consists of mortgage loans, a risk-based methodology is used to determine the allowance for credit losses. Mortgage loans are categorized into portfolios by loan type and risk characteristics. A probable loss rate, based on company and industry experience, is used to determine the credit allowance. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company’s allowance for credit losses was $4 million and $3 million on loan portfolios of $2.3 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively.

 

Legal Reserve: Reserves for legal and regulatory claims and proceedings reflect an estimate of probable losses for each matter, after considering, among other factors, the progress of the case, prior experience and the experience of others in similar cases, available defenses, insurance coverage and indemnification, and the opinions and views of legal counsel. In many cases, including most class action lawsuits, it is not possible to determine whether a loss will be incurred, or to estimate the range of that loss, until the matter is close to resolution, in which case no accrual is made until that time. Reserves are adjusted as more information becomes available or when an event occurs requiring a change. Significant judgment is required in making these estimates, and the actual cost of resolving a matter may ultimately differ materially from the amount reserved.

 

Stock-based compensation: The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123R – Share-Based Payment. Under the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123R, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized as expense over the vesting period. Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date requires judgment, including estimating the expected term of stock options, the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, and expected dividends. Significant changes in these assumptions for future awards could materially impact stock-based compensation expense and the Company’s results of operations. In addition, judgment is also required in estimating the amount of stock-based awards that are expected to be forfeited. If actual results differ significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense and the Company’s results of operations could be impacted.

 

Long-term incentive compensation: Eligible officers may receive cash long-term incentive plan units under a long-term incentive plan (LTIP). These awards are restricted from transfer or sale and generally vest over a three- to four-year period. Each award provides for a one-time cash payment for an amount that varies based upon the Company’s cumulative EPS over the respective performance period of each grant. The Company accrues the estimated total cost for each grant on a straight-line basis over each LTIP’s vesting period, with periodic cumulative adjustments to expense as estimates of the total grant cost are revised. The estimated total cost of each grant will vary based upon changes in

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

estimated and actual cumulative EPS amounts over each LTIP’s performance period. Grants were issued under this LTIP in 2003, 2004, and 2005 with performance periods ending December 31, 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The LTIP liability including discontinued operations was $140 million and $61 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The LTIP expense including discontinued operations was $78 million, $37 million, and $15 million for the years 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively.

 

The Company’s management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee. Additionally, management has reviewed with the Audit Committee the Company’s significant estimates discussed in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “may,” “estimate,” “aim,” “target,” and other similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections, or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements.

 

These forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s beliefs, objectives, and expectations as of the date hereof, are necessarily estimates based on the best judgment of the Company’s senior management. These statements relate to, among other things, the impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations related to the pending sale of U.S. Trust (see “Item 1- Business - General Corporate Overview”, Overview - Discontinued Operations, Results of Operations - Net Interest Revenue, and Liquidity and Capital Resources, and “Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - 1. Introduction and Basis of Presentation and 3. Discontinued Operations”); the Company’s ability to pursue its business strategy (see “Item 1 – Business – Business Strategy and Competitive Environment”); the impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations related to the pending acquisition of The 401(k) Company (see “Item 1 – Business – Products and Services”, Liquidity and Capital Resources – Capital Resources, and “Item 8- Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-1. Introduction and Basis of Presentation”); the impact of legal proceedings and regulatory matters (see “Item 3 – Legal Proceedings” and “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 18. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities – Legal Contingencies”); the impact of changes in the income tax benefit related to the pending sale of U.S. Trust (see Overview – Discontinued Operations, Critical Accounting Estimates, and “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 3. Discontinued Operations”); sources of liquidity, capital, and level of dividends (see Liquidity and Capital Resources – Liquidity and – Contractual Obligations); target capital ratios (see Liquidity and Capital Resources); capital expenditures (see Liquidity and Capital Resources – Capital Resources); the impact of changes in management’s estimates on the Company’s results of operations (see Critical Accounting Estimates); the impact on the Company’s results of operations of recording compensation expense related to the Company’s sabbatical program (see “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 2. Significant Accounting Policies”); the impact on the Company’s results of operations of recording stock option expense (see “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 13. Employee Incentive, Deferred Compensation, and Retirement Plans”); the impact of changes in estimated costs related to past restructuring initiatives on the Company’s results of operations (see “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 3. Discontinued Operations and 16. Restructuring Charges and Reserves”); and the impact of changes in the likelihood of indemnification payment obligations on the Company’s results of operations (see “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 18. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities”).

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Achievement of the expressed beliefs, objectives and expectations described in these statements is subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expressed beliefs, objectives, and expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or, in the case of documents incorporated by reference, as of the date of those documents.

 

Important factors that may cause actual results to differ include, but are not limited to: unanticipated adverse developments in litigation or regulatory matters; the Company’s ability to sublease certain properties; the amount of loans to the Company’s banking and brokerage clients; the level of the Company’s stock repurchase activity; the timing and impact of changes in the Company’s level of investments in technology; changes in the Company’s level of personnel; potential breaches of contractual terms for which the Company has indemnification obligations; changes in the income tax benefit based on the results of a tax survey related to the pending sale of U.S. Trust; and the timing and impact of pending strategic transactions. Certain of these factors, as well as general risk factors affecting the Company, are discussed in greater detail in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including “Item 1A – Risk Factors.”

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

Market risk is the potential for loss due to a change in the value of a financial instrument held by the Company as a result of fluctuations in interest rates, equity prices, or currency exchange rates.

 

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk primarily from changes in the interest rates on its interest-earning assets (mainly margin loans to clients, investments, loans to banking clients, mortgage-backed securities, and other fixed-rate investments) and its funding sources (including brokerage client cash balances, banking deposits, proceeds from stock-lending activities, and long-term debt) which finance these assets. To mitigate the risk of loss, the Company has established policies and procedures which include setting guidelines on the amount of net interest revenue at risk, and by monitoring the net interest margin and average maturity of its interest-earning assets and funding sources. The Company also has the ability to adjust the rates paid on certain brokerage client cash balances and certain banking deposits and the rates charged on margin loans. The Company’s exposure to equity price and currency exchange risks is not material.

 

Financial Instruments Held For Trading Purposes

 

The Company holds fixed income securities, which include municipal and government securities, and corporate bonds, in inventory to meet clients’ trading needs. The fair value of such inventory was approximately $76 million and $74 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. These securities, and the associated interest rate risk, are not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

Financial Instruments Held For Purposes Other Than Trading

 

Debt Issuances

 

At December 31, 2006, CSC had $262 million aggregate principal amount of Medium-Term Notes outstanding, with fixed interest rates ranging from 6.52% to 8.05%. At December 31, 2005, CSC had $330 million aggregate principal amount of Medium-Term Notes outstanding, with fixed interest rates ranging from 6.21% to 8.05%.

 

The Company has fixed cash flow requirements regarding these long-term debt obligations due to the fixed rate of interest. The fair value of these obligations at December 31, 2006 and 2005, based on estimates of market rates for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities, was $277 million and $352 million, respectively, compared to their carrying amounts of $262 million and $332 million, respectively.

 

Interest Rate Swaps

 

As part of its consolidated asset and liability management process, the Company utilizes Swaps to effectively convert the interest rate characteristics of a portion of its Medium Term Notes from fixed to variable. For a discussion of such Swaps, see “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 19. Financial Instruments Subject to Off-Balance Sheet Risk, Credit Risk, or Market Risk.”

 

Forward Sale and Interest Rate Lock Commitments

 

For a discussion of Schwab Bank’s forward sale and interest rate lock commitments related to its loans held for sale portfolio, see “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – 19. Financial Instruments Subject to Off-Balance Sheet Risk, Credit Risk, or Market Risk.”

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

Net Interest Revenue Simulation

 

The Company uses net interest revenue simulation modeling techniques to evaluate and manage the effect of changing interest rates. The simulation model (the model) includes all interest-sensitive assets and liabilities, as well as Swaps utilized by the Company to hedge its interest rate risk. Key variables in the model include assumed balance growth or decline for client loans, deposits, brokerage client cash, changes in the level and term structure of interest rates, the repricing of financial instruments, prepayment and reinvestment assumptions, and product pricing assumptions. The simulations involve assumptions that are inherently uncertain and, as a result, cannot precisely estimate net interest revenue or precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest revenue. Actual results may differ from simulated results due to the timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and management strategies, including changes in asset and liability mix.

 

As demonstrated by the simulations presented below, the Company is positioned so that the consolidated balance sheet produces an increase in net interest revenue when interest rates rise and, conversely, a decrease in net interest revenue when interest rates fall (i.e., interest-earning assets are repricing more quickly than interest-bearing liabilities).

 

The forward-looking simulations in the following table exclude all of U.S. Trust’s net interest revenue in 2006 and assume that the sale will close early in the third quarter of 2007. In addition, the simulations assume that the asset and liability structure of the consolidated balance sheet would not be changed as a result of the simulated changes in interest rates. As the Company actively manages its consolidated balance sheet and interest rate exposure, in all likelihood the Company would take steps to manage any additional interest rate exposure that could result from changes in the interest rate environment. The following table shows the results of a gradual 200 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates relative to the Company’s current base rate forecast on simulated net interest revenue over the next twelve months at December 31, 2006 and 2005.

 

December 31,


   2006

    2005

 

Increase of 200 basis points

   5.4 %   5.2 %

Decrease of 200 basis points

   (8.5 %)   (5.7 %)

 

The simulations show an increase in exposure to rate changes at December 31, 2006 from December 31, 2005, and the Company remains positioned to experience increases in net interest revenue as rates rise and decreases as rates fall. If U.S. Trust’s net interest revenue is excluded from the 2005 simulations, the simulations would have shown net interest revenue increasing 7.5% for an increase of 200 basis points and decreasing 7.5% for a decline of 200 basis points.

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Consolidated Statements of Income    40
Consolidated Balance Sheets    41
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows    42
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity    43
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements    44
    Note 1.   Introduction and Basis of Presentation    44
    Note 2.   Significant Accounting Policies    44
    Note 3.   Discontinued Operations    48
    Note 4.   Securities Owned    51
    Note 5.   Receivables from Brokerage Clients    52
    Note 6.   Loans to Banking Clients and Related Allowance for Credit Losses    53
    Note 7.   Equipment, Office Facilities, and Property    53
    Note 8.   Deposits from Banking Clients    53
    Note 9.   Payables to Brokers, Dealers, and Clearing Organizations    54
    Note 10.   Payables to Brokerage Clients    54
    Note 11.   Borrowings    54
    Note 12.   Taxes on Income    55
    Note 13.   Employee Incentive, Deferred Compensation, and Retirement Plans    57
    Note 14.   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss    60
    Note 15.   Earnings Per Share    61
    Note 16.   Restructuring Charges and Reserves    61
    Note 17.   Regulatory Requirements    62
    Note 18.   Commitments and Contingent Liabilities    65
    Note 19.   Financial Instruments Subject to Off-Balance Sheet Risk, Credit Risk, or Market Risk    67
    Note 20.   Fair Value of Financial Instruments    70
    Note 21.   Segment Information    71
    Note 22.   Supplemental Cash Flow Information    73
    Note 23.   The Charles Schwab Corporation – Parent Company Only Financial Statements (Unconsolidated)    74
.   Note 24   Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)    77
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting    78
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm    79

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

C onsolidated Statements of Income

 

(In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

Year Ended December 31,


   2006

    2005

    2004

 

Net Revenues

                        

Asset management and administration fees

   $     1,945     $     1,674     $     1,549  

Interest revenue

     2,113       1,523       877  

Interest expense

     (679 )     (501 )     (172 )
    


 


 


Net interest revenue

     1,434       1,022       705  

Trading revenue

     785       778       1,023  

Other

     145       145       139  
    


 


 


Total net revenues

     4,309       3,619       3,416  
    


 


 


Expenses Excluding Interest

                        

Compensation and benefits

     1,619       1,449       1,456  

Professional services

     285       222       210  

Occupancy and equipment

     260       262       319  

Advertising and market development

     189       165       174  

Communications

     180       174       202  

Depreciation and amortization

     157       179       197  

Restructuring charges

           16       186  

Other

     143       125       125  
    


 


 


Total expenses excluding interest

     2,833       2,592       2,869  
    


 


 


Income from continuing operations before taxes on income

     1,476       1,027       547  

Taxes on income

     (585 )     (393 )     (197 )
    


 


 


Income from continuing operations

     891       634       350  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

     336       91       (64 )
    


 


 


Net Income

   $ 1,227     $ 725     $ 286  
    


 


 


Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding — Diluted

     1,286       1,308       1,365  
    


 


 


Earnings Per Share — Basic

                        

Income from continuing operations

   $ .70     $ .49     $ .26  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

   $ .27     $ .07     $ (.05 )

Net income

   $ .97     $ .56     $ .21  

Earnings Per Share — Diluted

                        

Income from continuing operations

   $ .69     $ .48     $ .26  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

   $ .26     $ .07     $ (.05 )

Net income

   $ .95     $ .55     $ .21  
    


 


 


Dividends Declared Per Common Share

   $ .135     $ .089     $ .074  
    


 


 


 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

C onsolidated Balance Sheets

 

(In Millions, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

 

December 31,


   2006

    2005

 

Assets

                

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 4,507     $ 1,905  

Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for federal or other regulatory purposes (1) (including resale agreements of $4,740 in 2006 and $8,073 in 2005)

     10,862       15,192  

Securities owned — at market value (including securities pledged of $5 in 2006 and 2005)

     6,386       4,195  

Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

     650       820  

Receivables from brokerage clients — net

     10,927       10,780  

Loans to banking clients — net

     2,334       1,946  

Loans held for sale

     30       17  

Equipment, office facilities, and property — net

     602       699  

Goodwill

     419       419  

Deferred tax assets

     406       171  

Other assets

     524       401  

Assets retained from discontinued operations

     749       711  

Assets of discontinued operations

     10,596       10,095  
    


 


Total

   $ 48,992     $ 47,351  
    


 


Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

                

Deposits from banking clients

   $ 11,020     $ 6,969  

Drafts payable

     324       225  

Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

     1,498       1,294  

Payables to brokerage clients

     20,621       24,700  

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

     1,069       1,018  

Long-term debt

     388       462  

Liabilities of discontinued operations

     9,064       8,233  
    


 


Total liabilities

     43,984       42,901  
    


 


Stockholders’ equity:

                

Preferred stock — 9,940,000 shares authorized; $.01 par value per share; none issued

            

Common stock — 3 billion shares authorized; $.01 par value per share; 1,392,091,544 shares issued

     14       14  

Additional paid-in capital

     1,868       1,827  

Retained earnings

     4,901       3,847  

Treasury stock — 126,904,699 and 101,377,515 shares in 2006 and 2005, respectively, at cost

     (1,739 )     (1,124 )

Unamortized stock-based compensation

           (81 )

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

     (36 )     (33 )
    


 


Total stockholders’ equity

     5,008       4,450  
    


 


Total

   $     48,992     $     47,351  
    


 



(1)

Amounts included represent actual balances on deposit, whereas cash and investments required to be segregated for federal or other regulatory purposes at December 31, 2006 and 2005, excluding $201 million of intercompany repurchase agreements and associated interest, were $11,063 million and $14,914 million, respectively. On January 3, 2007 and January 4, 2006, the Company deposited a net amount of $554 million and $92 million, respectively, into its segregated reserve bank accounts.

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

C onsolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

(In Millions)

 

Year Ended December 31,


   2006

    2005

    2004

 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

                        

Net income

   $ 1,227     $ 725     $ 286  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

                        

(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

     (336 )     (91 )     64  

Depreciation and amortization

     157       179       197  

Stock-based compensation expense

     39       17       26  

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation

     (64 )     30       16  

Deferred income taxes

     (31 )     (4 )     (14 )

Non-cash restructuring charges

           5       (15 )

Other

     (2 )     6       1  

Originations of loans held for sale

     (638 )     (823 )     (856 )

Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale

     626       830       870  

Net change in:

                        

Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for federal or other regulatory purposes

     4,331       3,697       2,241  

Securities owned (excluding securities available for sale)

     73       (5 )     32  

Receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations

     170       (338 )     (7 )

Receivables from brokerage clients

     (151 )     (946 )     (1,261 )

Other assets

     (6 )     (6 )     (26 )

Drafts payable

     98       (138 )     210  

Payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations

     204       (174 )     (1,165 )

Payables to brokerage clients

     (4,079 )     (2,454 )     (31 )

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

     66       (44 )     96  

Net cash provided by (used for) discontinued operations

     76       311       (71 )
    


 


 


Net cash provided by operating activities

     1,760       777       593  
    


 


 


Cash Flows from Investing Activities

                        

Purchases of securities available for sale

     (3,224 )     (2,161 )     (1,798 )

Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale

     81       16       312  

Proceeds from maturities, calls, and mandatory redemptions of securities available for sale

     854       670       647  

Net increase in loans to banking clients

     (442 )     (755 )     (837 )

Purchase of equipment, office facilities, and property

     (122 )     (98 )     (180 )

Proceeds from sales of equipment, office facilities, and property

     63       20       3  

Cash payments for business combinations and investments, net of cash received

     6       (2 )     (1 )

Proceeds from sales of subsidiaries and investments

           4       271  

Net cash used for discontinued operations

     (456 )     (1,062 )     (1,208 )
    


 


 


Net cash used for investing activities

     (3,240 )     (3,368 )     (2,791 )
    


 


 


Cash Flows from Financing Activities

                        

Net change in deposits from banking clients

     4,051       2,362       2,153  

Proceeds from long-term debt

                 136  

Repayment of long-term debt

     (68 )     (56 )     (315 )

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation

     64              

Dividends paid

     (173 )     (116 )     (101 )

Purchase of treasury stock

     (868 )     (697 )     (365 )

Proceeds from stock options exercised and other

     253       115       51  

Other financing activities

     1              

Net cash provided by discontinued operations

     822       637       324  
    


 


 


Net cash provided by financing activities

     4,082       2,245       1,883  
    


 


 


Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents

     2,602       (346 )     (315 )

Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year

     1,905       2,251       2,566  
    


 


 


Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year

   $ 4,507     $ 1,905     $ 2,251  
    


 


 


 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

 

C onsolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

 

(In Millions)

 

     Common Stock

   Additional
Paid-In
Capital


    Retained
Earnings


    Treasury
Stock, at
cost


    Unamortized
Stock-based
Compensation


    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss


    Total

 
     Shares

   Amount

            

Balance at December 31, 2003

   1,392    $ 14    $ 1,749     $ 3,125     $ (319 )   $ (95 )   $ (13 )   $     4,461  
    
  

  


 


 


 


 


 


Comprehensive income:

                                                            

Net income

                   286                         286  

Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedging instruments, net of reclassification adjustment and tax

                                     15       15  

Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale, net of reclassification adjustment and tax

                                     (8 )     (8 )

Foreign currency translation adjustment

                                     1       1  
                                                        


Total comprehensive income

                                                         294  

Dividends declared on common stock

                   (101 )                       (101 )

Purchase of treasury stock

                         (383 )                 (383 )

Stock options exercised and shares issued under stock-based compensation plans

             17       (52 )     111       (47 )           29  

Non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to restructuring

             3                   3             6  

Amortization of stock-based compensation awards

                               80             80  
    
  

  


 


 


 


 


 


Balance at December 31, 2004

   1,392      14      1,769       3,258       (591 )     (59 )     (5 )     4,386  
    
  

  


 


 


 


 


 


Comprehensive income:

                                                            

Net income

                   725                         725  

Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedging instruments, net of tax

                                     12       12  

Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale, net of tax

                                     (39 )     (39 )

Foreign currency translation adjustment

                                     (1 )     (1 )
                                                        


Total comprehensive income

                                                         697  

Dividends declared on common stock

                   (116 )                       (116 )

Purchase of treasury stock

                         (688 )                 (688 )

Stock options exercised and shares issued under stock-based compensation plans

             57       (20 )     155       (60 )           132  

Non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to restructuring

             1                   3             4  

Amortization of stock-based compensation awards

                               35             35  
    
  

  


 


 


 


 


 


Balance at December 31, 2005

   1,392      14      1,827       3,847       (1,124 )     (81 )     (33 )     4,450  
    
  

  


 


 


 


 


 


Comprehensive income:

                                                            

Net income

                   1,227                         1,227  

Net unrealized loss on cash flow hedging instruments, net of reclassification adjustment and tax

                                     (6 )     (6 )

Net unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of tax

                                     7       7  

Foreign currency translation adjustment

                                     1       1  
                                                        


Total comprehensive income

                                                         1,229  

Adjustment to initially apply SFAS No. 158, net of tax

                                     (5 )     (5 )

Dividends declared on common stock

                   (173 )                       (173 )

Purchase of treasury stock

                         (859 )                 (859 )

Stock option exercises and other

             6             249                   255  

Stock-based compensation expense

             52                               52  

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation

             64                               64  

Restricted shares withheld for tax

                         (5 )                 (5 )

Adoption of SFAS No. 123R

             (81 )                 81              
    
  

  


 


 


 


 


 


Balance at December 31, 2006

   1,392    $ 14    $ 1,868     $ 4,901     $ (1,739 )         $ (36 )   $ 5,008  
    
  

  


 


 


 


 


 


 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Table of Contents

T HE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

1. Introduction and Basis of Presentation

 

The Charles Schwab Corporation (CSC) is a financial holding company engaged, through its subsidiaries, in securities brokerage, banking, and related financial services. Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) is a securities broker-dealer with 303 domestic branch offices in 45 states, as well as a branch in each of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and London, U.K. In addition, Schwab serves clients in Hong Kong through one of CSC’s subsidiaries. Other subsidiaries include Charles Schwab Bank, N.A. (Schwab Bank), a retail bank; Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc., the investment advisor for Schwab’s proprietary mutual funds; CyberTrader, Inc., an electronic trading technology and brokerage firm providing services to highly active, online traders; and The Charles Schwab Trust Company, a trustee for employee benefit plans, primarily 401(k) plans.

 

The consolidated financial statements include CSC and its majority-owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the Company). These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., which require management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the accompanying financial statements. Such estimates relate to capitalized development costs for internal-use software; useful lives of intangible assets, equipment, office facilities, and property; valuation of goodwill, intangible assets, and equity investments; valuation of employee stock options; future value of long-term incentive plan units; fair value of financial instruments and investments; allowance for credit losses on banking loans; allowance for doubtful accounts of brokerage clients; retirement and postretirement benefits; future tax benefits; restructuring reserves; and legal reserves. Actual results could differ from such estimates. Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2006 presentation. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

 

On November 19, 2006, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with Bank of America Corporation (Bank of America) pursuant to which Bank of America will acquire all of the outstanding common stock of U.S. Trust Corporation (USTC, and with its subsidiaries collectively referred to as U.S. Trust), a subsidiary which provides wealth management services. The transaction is expected to close early in the third quarter of 2007. The Company sold its capital markets business in 2004. These financial statements reflect these businesses as discontinued operations for all periods.

 

On December 22, 2006, the Company announced an agreement to acquire The 401(k) Company from Nationwide Financial Services, Inc. for $115 million in cash. The transaction is expected to close in March 2007, subject to customary closing conditions. The 401(k) Company offers defined contribution plan services.

 

2. Significant Accounting Policies

 

Securities transactions: Clients’ securities transactions are recorded on the date that they settle, while the related commission revenues and expenses are recorded on the date that the trade occurs. Principal transactions are recorded on a trade date basis. Commission revenues and principal transactions are included in trading revenue.

 

Cash and cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments, including money market funds, interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold, commercial paper and treasury securities, with original maturities of three months or less that are not segregated and on deposit for federal or other regulatory purposes to be cash equivalents.

 

Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for federal or other regulatory purposes consist primarily of securities purchased under agreements to resell (resale agreements), which are collateralized by U.S. government securities, and certificates of deposit. Resale agreements are collateralized investing transactions that are recorded at their contractual amounts plus accrued interest. The Company obtains possession of collateral (U.S. government securities) with a market value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned and accrued interest under resale agreements. Collateral is valued daily by the Company, with additional collateral obtained when necessary. Certificates of deposit are recorded at market value.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Securities borrowed, securities loaned, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements): Securities borrowed require the Company to deliver cash to the lender in exchange for securities and are included in receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations. For securities loaned, the Company receives collateral in the form of cash in an amount generally equal to the market value of securities loaned. Securities loaned are included in payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations. The Company monitors the market value of securities borrowed and loaned, with additional collateral obtained or refunded when necessary. Fees received or paid are recorded in interest revenue or interest expense. Repurchase agreements are recorded at their contractual amounts plus accrued interest and are included in short-term borrowings.

 

Securities owned include securities available for sale that are recorded at estimated fair value using quoted market prices, where available, or third-party pricing services. Unrealized gains and losses are reported, net of taxes, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses from sales of securities available for sale are determined on a specific identification basis and are included in other revenue.

 

Securities owned also include Schwab Funds® money market funds, fixed income, equity, and other securities, and equity and bond mutual funds and are recorded at estimated fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are included in trading revenue.

 

Receivables from brokerage clients are stated net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005. Cash receivables from brokerage clients that remain unsecured or partially secured for more than 30 days are fully reserved.

 

Nonperforming assets included in the loan portfolio consist of financial instruments where the Company has stopped accruing interest (non-accrual financial instruments). Interest accruals are discontinued when principal or interest is contractually past due 90 days or more unless collectibility of the loan is reasonably assured. Non-accrual financial instruments are generally returned to accrual status only when all delinquent principal and interest payments become current and the collectibility of future principal and interest on a timely basis is reasonably assured.

 

Loans to banking clients are stated net of allowance for credit losses of $4 million and $3 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The allowance is established through charges to income based on management’s evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses in the existing portfolio. The adequacy of the allowance is reviewed regularly by management, taking into consideration current economic conditions, the existing loan portfolio composition, past loss experience and risks inherent in the portfolio, including the value of impaired loans.

 

Loans held for sale consist of fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage loans intended for sale. Loans held for sale are stated at lower of cost or market value. Market value is determined using quoted market prices.

 

Equipment, office facilities, and property: Equipment and office facilities are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset of three to ten years. Buildings are depreciated on a straight-line basis over twenty years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Software and certain costs incurred for purchasing or developing software for internal use are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of three or five years. Equipment, office facilities, and property are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, except for land, which is stated at cost. Equipment, office facilities, and property are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable.

 

Derivative financial instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value based upon dealer quotes and third-party pricing services. As part of its consolidated asset and liability management process, the Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements (Swaps) to effectively convert the interest rate characteristics of a portion of its Medium-Term Notes from fixed to variable. These Swaps have been designated as fair value hedges. There is no impact on net income as changes in fair value of the Swaps are offset by changes in the fair value of the hedged Medium-Term Notes.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Schwab Bank’s loans held for sale portfolio consists of fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgages, which are subject to a loss in value when market interest rates rise. Schwab Bank uses forward sale commitments to manage this risk. These forward sale commitments have been designated as cash flow hedging instruments of the loans held for sale. Accordingly, the fair values of these forward sale commitments are recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, with gains or losses recorded in other comprehensive income (loss).

 

Additionally, Schwab Bank uses forward sale commitments to hedge interest rate lock commitments issued on mortgage loans that will be held for sale. Schwab Bank considers the fair value of these commitments to be zero at the commitment date, with subsequent changes in fair value determined solely based on changes in market interest rates. Any changes in fair value of the interest rate lock commitments are completely offset by changes in fair value of the related forward sale commitments.

 

Income taxes: The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and uses the asset and liability method in recording income tax expense. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their recorded amounts for financial reporting purposes, using currently enacted tax law.

 

Stock-based compensation: On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004) – Share-Based Payment (SFAS No. 123R) which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair values for all share-based payment arrangements including employee and director stock option and restricted stock awards. In March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB No. 107) relating to certain issues surrounding the implementation of SFAS No. 123R. In November 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 123R-3 – Transition Election Related to Accounting for Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment Awards.

 

The Company adopted SFAS No. 123R using a modified prospective transition method, under which this accounting standard applies to new awards and to awards modified, repurchased, or cancelled after January 1, 2006 and prior periods are not restated. Additionally, compensation cost is recognized for the unvested portion of awards outstanding on January 1, 2006 over their remaining vesting period. As a result of the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, the Company’s income from continuing operations before income taxes, income from continuing operations, and net income for the year ended December 31, 2006, were $13 million, $8 million, and $11 million lower, respectively, than under the Company’s previous accounting method for share-based compensation. When calculated under the Company’s previous accounting method, basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the year ended December 31, 2006 were unchanged and $.01 higher, respectively.

 

Stock-based compensation expense for 2006 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, and therefore has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant based on the Company’s historical forfeiture experience and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. For periods prior to 2006, the Company recognized forfeitures as they occurred. Upon adoption of SFAS No. 123R, the Company recorded an immaterial cumulative adjustment to estimate forfeitures for unvested stock awards outstanding at January 1, 2006. The Company has elected to adopt the alternative transition method provided in the FASB Staff Position No. FAS 123R-3 for calculating the tax effects of stock-based compensation.

 

Long-term incentive compensation: Eligible officers may receive cash long-term incentive plan units under a long-term incentive plan (LTIP). These awards are restricted from transfer or sale and generally vest annually over a three- to four-year period. Each award provides for a one-time cash payment for an amount that varies based upon the Company’s cumulative EPS over the respective performance period of each grant. The Company accrues the estimated total cost for each grant on a straight-line basis over each LTIP’s vesting period, with periodic cumulative adjustments to expense as estimates of the total grant cost are revised.

 

Goodwill: represents the cost of acquired businesses in excess of the fair value of the related net assets acquired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually or whenever indications of impairment exist. In testing for a potential impairment of goodwill, management estimates the fair value of each of the Company’s reporting units (generally

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

defined as the Company’s businesses for which financial information is available and reviewed regularly by management), and compares it to their carrying value. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, management is required to estimate the fair value of all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is greater than the estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess. The Company has elected April 1 as its annual impairment testing date.

 

The carrying amount of goodwill is included in the Schwab Investor Services segment. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company’s goodwill balance was $419 million.

 

Intangible assets: The Company has certain intangible assets which are non-amortizing but are subject to impairment testing annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company’s non-amortizing intangible asset balances were $14 million at both December 31, 2006 and 2005, and are included in other assets. These balances are primarily comprised of the value of contracts acquired in 2004 to manage investments of mutual funds.

 

New accounting standards: SFAS No. 154 – Accounting Changes and Error Corrections was issued in May 2005 and was effective beginning January 1, 2006. SFAS No. 154 generally requires retrospective application to prior periods’ financial statements of changes in accounting principle. The adoption of SFAS No. 154 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, EPS, or cash flows.

 

SFAS No. 155 – Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments was issued in February 2006 and is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued after December 31, 2006. SFAS No. 155 allows financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative to be accounted for as a whole (eliminating the need to account for the embedded derivative separately) if an election is made to report the whole instrument on a fair value basis. The adoption of SFAS No. 155 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, EPS, or cash flows.

 

SFAS No. 156 – Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets was issued in March 2006 and is effective beginning January 1, 2007. This statement amends the requirements under SFAS No. 140 – Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, for accounting for mortgage servicing assets and servicing liabilities. Currently, servicing assets and servicing liabilities are amortized over the expected period of estimated net servicing income or loss and assessed for impairment or increased obligation at each reporting date. SFAS No. 156 requires that all separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities be initially measured at fair value, and permits, but does not require, the subsequent measurement of servicing assets and servicing liabilities at fair value. The adoption of SFAS No. 156 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, EPS, or cash flows.

 

SFAS No. 157 – Fair Value Measurements was issued in September 2006 and is effective beginning January 1, 2008. This Statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, EPS, or cash flows.

 

SFAS No. 158 – Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans was issued in September 2006. SFAS No. 158 requires recognition of an asset or liability for the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit postretirement plans, and recognition of changes in that funded status through other comprehensive income. The funded status of a benefit plan is generally measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the benefit obligation. SFAS No. 158 also requires the recognition of previously unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs within accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. These provisions of the statement are effective December 31, 2006. All of the Company’s defined postretirement benefit plans are maintained at U.S. Trust. The adoption of SFAS No. 158 resulted in a $9 million pre-tax reduction in prepaid postretirement benefit plans and a $5 million after-tax reduction in the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income as of

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

December 31, 2006. The adoption of SFAS No. 158 did not have any impact on the Company’s results of operations, EPS, or cash flows. Effective December 31, 2008, SFAS No. 158 requires the measurement date for plan assets and liabilities to be the same date as a company’s fiscal year end.

 

SFAS No. 159 – The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities was issued in February 2007 and is effective beginning January 1, 2008. SFAS No. 159 permits entities to elect to measure eligible financial instruments, commitments, and certain other arrangements at fair value at specified election dates with changes in fair value recognized in earnings at each subsequent reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 159 on its financial position, results of operations, EPS, and cash flows.

 

Emerging Issues Task Force Issue (EITF) No. 06-02 – Accounting for Sabbatical Leave and Other Similar Benefits Pursuant to FASB Statement No. 43 – Accounting for Compensated Absences, was ratified by the FASB in June 2006 and is effective beginning January 1, 2007. This EITF requires the recognition of compensation expense associated with a sabbatical leave or other similar benefit arrangement that does not vest over the requisite service period. The Company currently records compensation expense related to its sabbatical program in the period the sabbatical is taken by an employee. As a result of this change in accounting principle, the Company will record a charge, net of estimated forfeitures, to retained earnings as of January 1, 2007 of $17 million after tax. This accounting change is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, EPS, or cash flows.

 

Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation (FIN) No. 48 – Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - An Interpretation of SFAS No. 109, was issued in July 2006 and is effective beginning January 1, 2007. FIN No. 48 provides new requirements for the recognition, measurement, and disclosure in the financial statements of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return when there is uncertainty about whether that tax position will ultimately be sustained. The adoption of FIN No. 48 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, EPS, or cash flows.

 

Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 108 – Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements was issued by the SEC in September 2006 and is effective for the year ended December 31, 2006. SAB No. 108 requires a dual approach – evaluation of an error from both a financial position perspective and results of operations perspective – when quantifying and evaluating the materiality of a misstatement. The adoption of SAB No. 108 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, EPS, or cash flows.

 

3. Discontinued Operations

 

U.S. Trust:

 

On November 19, 2006, CSC entered into a definitive agreement with Bank of America pursuant to which Bank of America will acquire all of the outstanding common stock of U.S. Trust for $3.3 billion in cash. The transaction is expected to close early in the third quarter of 2007. However, the closing is subject to (i) approval of new investment advisor agreements for each of the Excelsior mutual funds by the applicable public fund board and the stockholders of each fund, (ii) regulatory approvals, and (iii) other customary closing conditions. The Company estimates it will record a pre-tax gain on the sale of approximately $1.9 billion. After-tax proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, including share repurchases and continued investment in Schwab Investor Services, Schwab Institutional, and Schwab Bank. U.S. Trust comprised all of the previously-reported U.S. Trust segment.

 

The results of operations, net of income taxes, and cash flows of U.S. Trust have been presented as discontinued operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of income and of cash flows for all periods, and the assets and liabilities of U.S. Trust have each been combined and presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s consolidated prior period revenues, expenses, taxes on income, assets, liabilities, and cash flows also reflect this presentation.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

Summarized financial information for discontinued operations related to U.S. Trust is as follows:

 

December 31,


   2006

    2005

 

Assets

                

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 625     $ 428  

Cash and investment segregated and on deposit for federal and other regulatory purposes

     11       65  

Loans to banking clients – net

     7,090       6,560  

Securities owned

     2,571       2,662  

Equipment, office facilities, and property – net

     97       98  

Goodwill

     390       390  

Intangible assets – net

     119       129  

Other assets

     442       474  

Assets retained from discontinued operations

     (749 )     (711 )
    


 


Total assets

   $     10,596     $     10,095  
    


 


Liabilities

                

Deposits from banking clients (net of liabilities retained)

   $ 8,532     $ 7,138  

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

     379       371  

Short-term borrowings

     101       672  

Long-term debt

     52       52  
    


 


Total liabilities

   $ 9,064     $ 8,233  
    


 


 

The components of income from discontinued operations related to U.S. Trust are as follows:

 

     2006

   2005

    2004

 

Net revenues

   $     892    $     845     $     786  

Income, before taxes (1)

   $ 197    $ 158     $  98  

Tax benefit (expense) on income (2)

   $ 136    $ (62 )   $ (34 )

Income, net of tax (1,2)

   $ 333    $  96     $  64  

(1)

Includes $6 million pre-tax, or $4 million after tax, of transaction-related costs recorded in 2006.

 

(2)

Includes an income tax benefit of $205 million recorded in 2006 related to the estimated excess of the tax basis of U.S. Trust stock over the book basis.

 

In 2006, the Company recorded a $205 million income tax benefit related to the estimated difference between the tax and book bases of the Company’s U.S. Trust stock. This amount is included in income from discontinued operations, net of tax on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. When calculating the Company’s gain on the sale of U.S. Trust for income tax purposes, the tax basis will be the basis of U.S. Trust’s prior stockholders in their shares as of the date U.S. Trust was acquired by the Company, since the transaction qualified as a tax-free exchange. This tax benefit is management’s current estimate and is based on publicly available information, including information on the composition of U.S. Trust’s stockholders at the acquisition date and the market price of U.S. Trust stock during relevant periods. The final amount of the basis difference, which could differ from management’s estimate, will be determined following a survey of former U.S. Trust stockholders that the Company expects to complete in mid-2007.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

The assets retained from discontinued operations reflect the excess cash held in certain Schwab brokerage client accounts that is swept into a money market deposit account at U.S. Trust. In 2007, Schwab will terminate this arrangement prior to the closing of the sale of U.S. Trust and move these balances to a similar existing arrangement with Schwab Bank. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, these balances totaled $749 million and $711 million, respectively, and are included in deposits from banking clients with a corresponding amount in assets retained from discontinued operations on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The interest expense related to these client deposit balances is included in interest expense from continuing operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of income of $11 million, $6 million, and $2 million for 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. The corresponding interest revenue on the invested cash balances related to these deposits is included in interest revenue from continuing operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of income of $38 million, $22 million, and $6 million for 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. The interest revenue amount is calculated using the Company’s funds transfer pricing methodology, which is used by management to estimate the interest earned on the investment of these deposit balances.

 

Capital Markets Business:

 

In October 2004, the Company sold its capital markets business to UBS Securities LLC and UBS Americas Inc. (collectively referred to as UBS). Pursuant to the agreement, UBS acquired all of the partnership interests of Schwab Capital Markets L.P. and all of the outstanding capital stock of SoundView Technology Group, Inc. (collectively referred to as Schwab Soundview Capital Markets, or SSCM) for $265 million in cash. A summary of revenues and losses in 2004 for discontinued operations related to SSCM is as follows: net revenues of $226 million; loss on sale of $88 million, which includes goodwill impairment charges of $95 million; total pre-tax loss of $199 million; and after-tax loss of $128 million. Additionally, the Company recorded income of $4 million, or $3 million after tax, in 2006 and income of $5 million, or loss of $5 million after tax, in 2005.

 

In addition to the restructuring reserves discussed in note “16 – Restructuring Charges and Reserves,” the Company retained certain restructuring-related obligations following the sales of SSCM and Charles Schwab Europe in 2004 and 2003, respectively, and recorded reserves for severance, facilities leases and systems. A summary of the activity in these reserves is as follows:

 

     Workforce
Reduction


    Facilities
Reduction


    Total

 
                          

Balance at December 31, 2003

   $ 4     $ 12     $ 16  

Restructuring charges (1)

     75       38       113  

Cash payments – net

     (55 )     (5 )     (60 )

Non-cash charges (2)

     (1 )     (7 )     (8 )
    


 


 


Balance at December 31, 2004

     23       38       61  

Restructuring charges (1)

     1       1       2  

Cash payments – net

     (22 )     (17 )     (39 )

Non-cash charges

     (1 )           (1 )

Other (3)

           2       2  
    


 


 


Balance at December 31, 2005

     1       24       25  

Restructuring credit (1)

           (3 )     (3 )

Cash payments – net

     (1 )     (6 )     (7 )
    


 


 


Balance at December 31, 2006

   $     $ 15 (4)   $ 15  
    


 


 



(1)

Included in income (loss) from discontinued operations.

 

(2)

Primarily includes charges for officers’ stock-based compensation and write-downs of fixed assets.

 

(3)

Includes the reclassification of deferred rent amounts and the accretion of facilities restructuring reserves, which are initially recorded at net present value.

 

(4)

The Company expects to substantially utilize the remaining facilities reduction reserve through cash payments for the net lease expense over the respective lease terms through 2015.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

4. Securities Owned

 

A summary of securities owned is as follows:

 

December 31,


   2006

   2005

Securities available for sale

   $ 5,988    $ 3,725

Schwab Funds® money market funds

     182      271

Fixed income, equity, and other securities

     163      166

Equity and bond mutual funds

     53      33
    

  

Total securities owned

   $     6,386    $     4,195
    

  

 

The amortized cost, estimated fair value, and gross unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale are as follows:

 

December 31, 2006


   Amortized
Cost


   Gross
Unrealized
Gains


   Gross
Unrealized
Losses


  

Fair

Value


Mortgage-backed securities:

                           

Collateralized mortgage obligations

   $ 3,115    $ 2    $ 19    $ 3,098

Federal agencies

     1,920      3      9      1,914
    

  

  

  

Total mortgage-backed securities

     5,035      5      28      5,012

Corporate debt

     677                677

U.S. Treasury and federal agencies

     249                249

Certificates of deposit

     50                50
    

  

  

  

Total

   $ 6,011    $ 5    $ 28    $     5,988
    

  

  

  

December 31, 2005


   Amortized
Cost


   Gross
Unrealized
Gains


   Gross
Unrealized
Losses


  

Fair

Value


Mortgage-backed securities:

                           

Collateralized mortgage obligations

   $ 2,210    $ 1    $ 20    $ 2,191

Federal agencies

     1,440      5      10      1,435
    

  

  

  

Total mortgage-backed securities

     3,650      6      30      3,626

U.S. Treasury and federal agencies

     100           1      99
    

  

  

  

Total

   $ 3,750    $ 6    $ 31    $     3,725
    

  

  

  

 

A summary of investments with unrealized losses, aggregated by category and period of continuous unrealized loss, at December 31, 2006, is as follows:

 

     Less than 12 months

   12 months or longer

   Total

     Fair Value

   Unrealized
Losses


   Fair Value

   Unrealized
Losses


   Fair Value

   Unrealized
Losses


Mortgage-backed securities:

                                         

Collateralized mortgage obligations

   $ 974    $ 2    $ 1,227    $ 17    $ 2,201    $ 19

Federal agencies

     649      2      402      7      1,051      9
    

  

  

  

  

  

Total temporarily impaired securities

   $     1,623    $     4    $     1,629    $     24    $     3,252    $     28
    

  

  

  

  

  

 

Management views the unrealized losses noted above as temporary as the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality. The number of investment positions with unrealized losses totals 149. The determination of whether or not other-than-temporary impairment exists is a matter of judgment. Factors considered in evaluating whether a decline in value is other than temporary include: the financial conditions and near-term

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

prospects of the issuer; the Company’s intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery; and the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost.

 

The maturities of debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2006 are as follows:

 

December 31, 2006


   Within 1
Year


   1-5
Years


   5-10
Years


   After 10
Years


   Total

Mortgage-backed securities(1):

                                  

Collateralized mortgage obligations

                  $ 3,098    $ 3,098

Federal agencies

             $ 7      1,907      1,914
    

  

  

  

  

Total mortgage-backed securities

               7      5,005      5,012
                                    

Corporate debt

   $ 194    $ 483                677

U.S. Treasury and federal agencies

     209      40                249

Certificates of deposit

     50                     50
    

  

  

  

  

Estimated fair value

   $     453    $     523    $     7    $     5,005    $     5,988

Total amortized cost

   $ 453    $ 523    $ 7    $ 5,028    $ 6,011
    

  

  

  

  

Net unrealized losses

                  $ 23    $ 23
    

  

  

  

  


(1)

Collateralized mortgage obligations have been allocated over maturity groupings based on contractual maturities. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

 

Gross proceeds and gross realized gains and losses related to sales of securities available for sale are as follows. Realized gains and losses of securities available for sale are included in other revenue on the Company’s consolidated income statements.

 

     2006

   2005

   2004

Gross proceeds

   $     81    $     16    $     312

Gross realized gains

             $ 2

Gross realized losses

             $ 2

 

The Company’s positions in Schwab Funds® money market funds arise from certain overnight funding of clients’ redemption, check-writing, and debit card activities. Fixed income, equity, and other securities include fixed income securities held to meet clients’ trading activities, and investments made by the Company relating to its deferred compensation plan. Equity and bond mutual funds include inventory maintained to facilitate certain Schwab Funds and third-party mutual fund clients’ transactions.

 

Securities sold, but not yet purchased of $20 million at December 31, 2006 consisted primarily of mutual fund shares that are distributed to clients to satisfy their dividend reinvestment requests. Securities sold, but not yet purchased of $15 million at December 31, 2005 consisted primarily of equity positions which are held as a hedge against securities owned. These securities are recorded at market value in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

 

5. Receivables from Brokerage Clients

 

Receivables from brokerage clients consist primarily of margin loans to brokerage clients of $10.4 billion at both December 31, 2006 and 2005. Securities owned by brokerage clients are held as collateral for margin loans. Such collateral is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

6. Loans to Banking Clients and Related Allowance for Credit Losses

 

An analysis of the composition of the loan portfolio is as follows:

 

December 31,


   2006

    2005

 

Home equity lines of credit

   $ 1,192     $ 1,193  

Residential real estate mortgages

     1,127       746  

Other

     19       10  
    


 


Total loans to banking clients

     2,338       1,949  

Less: allowance for credit losses

     (4 )     (3 )
    


 


Loans to banking clients – net

   $     2,334     $     1,946  
    


 


 

Included in the loan portfolio are non-accrual loans totaling $1 million at both December 31, 2006 and 2005. Non-accrual loans are considered impaired by the Company, and represent all the Company’s nonperforming assets at both December 31, 2006 and 2005. The amount of loans accruing interest that were contractually 90 days or more past due was $1 million at both December 31, 2006 and 2005. For 2006 and 2005, the impact of interest revenue which would have been earned on non-accrual loans versus interest revenue recognized on these loans was not material to the Company’s results of operations.

 

Charge-offs related to the allowance for credit losses on the loan portfolio were not material for both 2006 and 2004. There were no charge-offs during 2005. There were no recoveries for each of 2006, 2005, and 2004.

 

7. Equipment, Office Facilities, and Property

 

Equipment, office facilities, and property are detailed below:

 

December 31,


   2006

    2005

 

Land

   $ 52     $ 54  

Buildings

     382       458  

Leasehold improvements

     245       234  

Furniture and equipment

     117       126  

Telecommunications equipment

     96       107  

Information technology equipment

     366       366  

Software

     684       729  

Software development and construction in progress

     2       3  
    


 


Subtotal

     1,944       2,077  

Accumulated depreciation and amortization

     (1,342 )     (1,378 )
    


 


Total equipment, office facilities, and property - net

   $     602     $     699  
    


 


 

8. Deposits from Banking Clients

 

Deposits from banking clients consist of money market and other savings deposits, certificates of deposit, and noninterest-bearing deposits. Interest-bearing deposits were $11.0 billion and $7.0 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company paid an average rate of 2.19% and 1.32%, respectively, on its interest-bearing deposits from banking clients. Noninterest-bearing deposits were not material at both December 31, 2006 and 2005. Demand deposit overdrafts included as other loans within loans to banking clients were not material for both December 31, 2006 and 2005.

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

9. Payables to Brokers, Dealers, and Clearing Organizations

 

Payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations consist primarily of securities loaned of $1.4 billion and $1.2 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The cash collateral received from counterparties under securities lending transactions was equal to or greater than the market value of the securities loaned.

 

10. Payables to Brokerage Clients

 

The principal source of funding for Schwab’s margin lending is cash balances in brokerage client accounts. At December 31, 2006, Schwab was paying interest at 2.5% on $15.8 billion of cash balances in brokerage client accounts, which were included in payables to brokerage clients. At December 31, 2005, Schwab was paying interest at 2.1% on $20.9 billion of such cash balances.

 

11. Borrowings

 

CSC may borrow up to $800 million under a committed, unsecured credit facility with a group of eighteen banks which is scheduled to expire in June 2007. This facility replaced a facility that expired in June 2006. The funds under this facility are available for general corporate purposes and CSC pays a commitment fee on the unused balance of this facility. The financial covenants in this facility require CSC to maintain a minimum level of stockholders’ equity, Schwab to maintain minimum net capital ratios, as defined, and CSC’s depository institution subsidiaries, which include Schwab Bank and U.S. Trust (currently reflected as a discontinued operation for financial statement purposes) to be well capitalized, as defined. These facilities were unused at December 31, 2006 and 2005.

 

To manage short-term liquidity, Schwab maintains uncommitted, unsecured bank credit lines with a group of eight banks totaling $842 million at December 31, 2006. CSC has access to $792 million of these credit lines. The amount available to CSC under these lines is lower than the amount available to Schwab because the credit line provided by one of these banks is only available to Schwab. There were no borrowings outstanding under these lines at December 31, 2006 and 2005.

 

To satisfy the margin requirement of client option transactions with the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC), Schwab has unsecured letter of credit agreements with eleven banks in favor of the OCC aggregating $930 million at December 31, 2006. Schwab pays a fee to maintain these arrangements. In connection with its securities lending activities, Schwab is required to provide collateral to certain brokerage clients. Schwab satisfies the collateral requirements by arranging letters of credit (LOCs), in favor of these brokerage clients, which are issued by multiple banks. At December 31, 2006, the aggregate face amount of these outstanding LOCs totaled $173 million. No funds were drawn under these LOCs at December 31, 2006 and 2005.

 

Long-term debt consists of the following:

 

December 31,


   2006

   2005

Senior Medium-Term Notes, Series A

   $ 262    $ 330

Lease financing liability

     126      130

Fair value adjustment (1)

          2
    

  

Total long-term debt

   $     388    $     462
    

  


(1)

Represents the fair value adjustment related to hedged Medium-Term Notes.

 

The aggregate principal amount of Senior Medium-Term Notes, Series A (Medium-Term Notes) outstanding at December 31, 2006 had maturities ranging from 2007 to 2010. The aggregate principal amount of Medium-Term Notes outstanding at December 31, 2006 and 2005 had fixed interest rates ranging from 6.52% to 8.05% and 6.21% to

 

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Table of Contents

THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, and as Noted)

 

8.05%, respectively. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Medium-Term Notes carried a weighted-average interest rate of 7.77% and 7.56%, respectively.

 

Upon adoption of FIN No. 46 in the first quarter of 2003, the Company consolidated a Trust and recorded a note payable of $235 million. This Trust was formed in 2000 to finance the acquisition and renovation of an office building and land. In 2004, the Company exercised its option to purchase this property from the Trust and repaid $99 million of the note payable. Simultaneously, the Company completed a transaction on this property with American Financial Realty Trust, a publicly-traded real estate investment trust, resulting in proceeds of $136 million, which was used to repay the remainder of the note payable, and a 20-year lease. This transaction was accounted for as a financing lease. The remaining lease financing liability of $126 million at December 31, 2006 is being reduced by a portion of the lease payments over the 20-year term.

 

Annual maturities on long-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2006 are as follows:

 

2007

   $ 43

2008

     20

2009

     14

2010

     205

2011

     6

Thereafter

     100
    

Total

   $     388
    

 

 

12. Taxes on Income

 

Income tax expense on income from continuing operations is as follows:

 

     2006

    2005

    2004

 

Current:

                        

Federal

   $