SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
¨ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
¨ | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number: 000-50984
eLong, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Block B, Xingke Plaza Building
10 Middle Jiuxianqiao Road
Chaoyang District
Beijing 100016, Peoples Republic of China
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Ordinary shares, par value US$0.01 per share.
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuers classes of capital or common stock as of December 31, 2007:
22,318,501 ordinary shares, par value US$0.01 per share; 28,550,704 high-vote ordinary shares, par value US$0.01 per share.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ¨ No x
Notechecking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the Registrant has elected to follow: Item 17 ¨ Item 18 x
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Page | ||
1 | ||
Item 1: Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers* |
1 | |
1 | ||
Item 3: Key Information |
1 | |
Item 4: Information on the Company |
13 | |
26 | ||
44 | ||
59 | ||
Item 8: Financial Information |
71 | |
Item 9: The Offer and Listing |
72 | |
Item 10: Additional Information |
73 | |
Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk |
77 | |
Item 12: Description of Securities other than Equity Securities |
77 | |
77 | ||
77 | ||
Item 14: Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds |
77 | |
Item 15: Controls and Procedures |
78 | |
Item 16A: Audit Committee Financial Expert |
79 | |
Item 16B: Code of Ethics |
80 | |
Item 16C: Principal Accountant Fees and Services |
80 | |
Item 16D: Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees* |
80 | |
Item 16E: Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers |
80 | |
81 | ||
Item 17: Financial Statements** |
81 | |
Item 18: Financial Statements |
81 | |
Item 19. Exhibits |
81 |
* | Omitted because the Item is not applicable or the answer is negative. |
** | The Registrant has responded to Item 18 in lieu of this Item. |
In this annual report on Form 20-F, references to we, us, our company, our and eLong are to eLong, Inc., its subsidiaries, and additionally, in the context of describing our operations, our affiliated Chinese entities. References to China or the PRC are to the Peoples Republic of China, excluding for the purpose of this annual report Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this annual report to shares or ordinary shares are to our ordinary shares, par value US$0.01 per share. Such references do not cover our high-vote ordinary shares, as we refer separately to such shares using the term high vote ordinary shares. References to ADSs are to our American depositary shares, each of which represents two ordinary shares, and references to ADRs are to the American depositary receipts that evidence our ADSs. References to Nasdaq are to the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc.
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in Renminbi, the legal currency of China. In this annual report, references to RMB are to Renminbi and references to U.S. dollars, US$ or $ are to United States dollars. Our financial year ends on December 31 of each calendar year and references to any year refer, unless indicated otherwise, to the year ended December 31 of the year specified.
The eLong character in Chinese with eLong.com in English is our registered trademark in China. This annual report also contains product and service names of companies other than eLong that are trademarks of their respective owners.
We intend to make this annual report and other periodic reports publicly available from our Internet websites (http://www.eLong.com and http://www.eLong.net) without charge immediately following their filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (or SEC). None of the information contained on our websites is incorporated by reference into this annual report. We assume no obligation to update or revise any part of this annual report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless we are required to do so by applicable law.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report contains certain forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance, our ability to continue to control our costs and maintain the quality of our services, the expected growth of and change in the travel and online commerce industries in China, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and other factors include those listed under Item 3: Key InformationRisk Factors. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as may, will, should, expect, intend, plan, anticipate, believe, estimate, predict, potential, continue or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. One or more of these factors could materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition in future periods. We cannot assure you that we will attain any estimates or become profitable or that the assumptions on which they are based are reliable.
Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this annual report. All forward-looking statements contained in this annual report are qualified by reference to this cautionary statement.
i
Item 1: Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable.
Item 2: Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.
Selected Consolidated Financial and Statistical Data
You should read the following information with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects below.
The selected consolidated statements of operations and cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, and the selected consolidated balance sheet data (other than ADS data) as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report and should be read in conjunction with these consolidated financial statements and related notes. The selected consolidated statements of operations and cash flow data (other than ADS data) for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 are derived from our audited consolidated balance sheet and related notes which are not included in this annual report. These consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in Renminbi, the legal currency of China. Solely for convenience, this annual report contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates. For more information regarding exchange rates, see the section entitled Exchange Rate Information below.
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
eLong, Inc. Year ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||
2003(1) | 2004(1) | 2005(1) | 2006(1) | 2007 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||||||
(in thousands, except for per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||
Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations Data |
||||||||||||||||||
Net revenues |
68,287 | 124,767 | 179,842 | 249,841 | 297,586 | 40,975 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit |
59,266 | 108,273 | 139,395 | 187,596 | 215,089 | 29,486 | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
(57,909 | ) | (131,059 | ) | (185,624 | ) | (203,608 | ) | (229,678 | ) | (31,486 | ) | ||||||
Earnings (loss) from operations |
1,357 | (22,786 | ) | (46,229 | ) | (16,012 | ) | (14,589 | ) | (2,000 | ) | |||||||
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations |
929 | (20,803 | ) | (43,285 | ) | (444 | ) | (25,691 | ) | (3,522 | ) | |||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
1,616 | (18,982 | ) | (60,518 | ) | 1,040 | (25,588 | ) | (3,508 | ) | ||||||||
Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations |
0.05 | (1.14 | ) | (0.87 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.51 | ) | (0.07 | ) | |||||||
Total basic earnings (loss) per share |
0.09 | (1.04 | ) | (1.22 | ) | 0.02 | (0.51 | ) | (0.07 | ) | ||||||||
Total diluted earnings (loss) per share |
0.09 | (1.04 | ) | (1.22 | ) | 0.02 | (0.51 | ) | (0.07 | ) | ||||||||
Earnings (loss) per ADS from continuing operations |
0.11 | (2.28 | ) | (1.74 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (1.02 | ) | (0.14 | ) | |||||||
Total basic earnings (loss) per ADS |
0.18 | (2.08 | ) | (2.44 | ) | 0.04 | (1.02 | ) | (0.14 | ) | ||||||||
Total diluted earnings (loss) per ADS |
0.18 | (2.08 | ) | (2,44 | ) | 0.04 | (1.02 | ) | (0.14 | ) | ||||||||
1
(1) |
In 2007 with the adoption of EITF Issue No.06-03 How Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should Be Presented in the Income Statement (That Is, Gross versus Net Presentation), business tax expense and related surcharges have been presented on a net basis (excluded from revenues). Amounts for all prior periods presented have been reclassified for comparative purpose. |
eLong, Inc. As of December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data |
||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
73,132 | 610,047 | 988,560 | 1,199,323 | 1,138,447 | 156,067 | ||||||||||||
Working capital(2) |
80,677 | 639,099 | 1,013,590 | 1,106,345 | 1,079,590 | 147,999 | ||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net |
8,108 | 15,428 | 33,306 | 37,809 | 43,962 | 6,027 | ||||||||||||
Total assets |
130,561 | 741,074 | 1,188,421 | 1,334,908 | 1,331,668 | 182,555 | ||||||||||||
Long-term obligation |
| | 2,287 | 980 | | | ||||||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(24,223 | ) | (43,205 | ) | (103,097 | ) | (102,056 | ) | (127,644 | ) | (17,498 | ) | ||||||
Shareholders equity |
100,608 | 678,889 | 1,088,330 | 1,199,799 | 1,184,611 | 162,396 |
(2) |
Represents the amount of total consolidated current assets less total consolidated current liabilities. |
eLong, Inc. Year ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2007 | ||||||||||||
RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
Selected Consolidated Cash Flow Data |
|||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
(7,429 | ) | (5,339 | ) | 30,478 | 76,554 | 42,349 | 5,806 | |||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
(1,628 | ) | (30,140 | ) | (32,813 | ) | 72,985 | (43,638 | ) | (5,982 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
76,856 | 572,460 | 404,058 | 95,140 | 7,355 | 1,008 |
Exchange Rate Information
We conduct our business primarily in China and our revenues and expenses are primarily denominated in Renminbi. This annual report contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollar amounts at specific rates solely for the convenience of the reader.
The translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollar amounts in this annual report are based on the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers of Renminbi as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi amounts to U.S. dollar amounts and from U.S. dollar amounts to Renminbi amounts in this annual report were made at a rate of RMB 7.2946 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate in effect as of December 31, 2007. The noon buying rate as of April 30, 2008 was RMB6.9870 to US$1.00. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollar or Renminbi amounts, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates stated below, or at all. The Chinese government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies.
See Item 3: Key InformationRisk FactorsRisks Related to Doing Business in the Peoples Republic of ChinaGovernmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment and Item 3: Key InformationRisk FactorsRisks Related to Doing Business in the Peoples Republic of ChinaFluctuation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment for discussions of the effects of currency control and fluctuating exchange rates on the value of our shares and ADSs.
2
The following tables set forth information concerning exchange rates between Renminbi and U.S. dollars for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in this annual report or in any other information to be provided to you. The source of these rates is the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
The following table sets forth the average noon buying rates between Renminbi and U.S. dollars for each of the years indicated, calculated by averaging the noon buying rates on the last day of each month of the years shown.
Average exchange rates of Renminbi per U.S. Dollar
Average | ||
Year ended December 31, 2003 |
8.2771 | |
Year ended December 31, 2004 |
8.2768 | |
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
8.1826 | |
Year ended December 31, 2006 |
7.9579 | |
Year ended December 31, 2007 |
7.5806 |
The table below shows the high and low exchange rate of U.S. dollars per Renminbi for each of the six months from November 2007 to April 2008:
Recent exchange rates of Renminbi per U.S. Dollar Renminbi per U.S. Dollar Noon Buying Rate
High | Low | |||
November 2007 |
7.4582 | 7.3800 | ||
December 2007 |
7.4120 | 7.2946 | ||
January 2008 |
7.2946 | 7.1818 | ||
February 2008 |
7.1973 | 7.1100 | ||
March 2008 |
7.1110 | 7.0105 | ||
April 2008 |
7.0185 | 6.9840 |
Risk Factors
You should carefully consider each of the following risks and uncertainties associated with our company and the ownership of our securities. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we conduct our operations in China and are governed by a legal and regulatory environment that in some respects differs significantly from the environment that may prevail in other countries with which you may be familiar. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also have an adverse impact on our business operations.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have sustained losses in the past and cannot guarantee profitability in the future.
We sustained net losses each of our fiscal years from 2001 to 2007, other than 2003 and 2006. We expect that, due to our anticipated growth, our operating expenses will continue to increase. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will be profitable in the future.
3
Our business may be harmed if we fail to strengthen our brand recognition and ensure high quality service among customers and business partners.
We believe that we must be successful in the promotion of our eLong brand in order to continue to grow our business and secure new business relationships. We must introduce new consumers to our eLong brand and ensure high levels of service in order for the eLong brand to be associated with quality and value. If we fail to ensure high service levels and strengthen our brand recognition among our current and potential customers and business partners, our operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.
We may not be able to compete successfully against our current or future competitors.
We face many sources of competition, including other consolidators of hotel and flight reservation services, such as Ctrip.com and traditional travel agencies. Because we do not have exclusive arrangements with our suppliers and our business involves relatively low fixed costs, new competitors face low entry barriers to our industry. We could face increasing competition from hotels and airlines if they decide to increase their efforts to sell directly to consumers or to engage in alliances with other travel service providers. Moreover, established international players may choose to enter into China in the future, either as sole entrants or in conjunction with our existing or future competitors. Our potential and existing competitors may have competitive advantages over us including longer operating histories, larger customer bases and greater financial, marketing and other expertise and resources. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully compete against current or future competitors.
Growth may present significant challenges to us.
In order to be successful, we must train and manage our workforce and improve and develop our financial and managerial controls and reporting system and procedures. The expansion of our business may present significant challenges to our management, systems and resources.
Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives, other key employees, and call center staff, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Our future success heavily depends on the performance and continued service of our senior executives and other key employees. We rely on their expertise in business operations, finance, technology, and travel services and we depend on their relationships with our shareholders, suppliers and regulators. During 2007 and the 1st quarter of 2008, we experienced a number of changes in our senior management.
In addition, we have experienced substantial turnover at all levels of our company in the last three years. If one or more of our key executives are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to easily replace them. As a result of these factors, we may incur additional expenses to recruit and train replacement personnel.
Moreover, if any of our key executives joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers and suppliers. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to successfully enforce in court the noncompetition provisions of the employment agreements with our executive officers, senior management and key employees.
We are dependent on our ability to establish and maintain favorable arrangements with our travel suppliers and distribution partners.
We are dependent on our continued relationships on favorable terms with our air, hotel and other travel service providers. In particular, the ability to contract in advance for the guaranteed availability of hotel rooms on a discounted basis is crucial to our business. However, we do not have exclusive contractual arrangements with our travel suppliers, and we must renew these contracts on an ongoing basis. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain satisfactory relationships, obtain favorable contractual terms with our travel suppliers or establish new relationships with travel suppliers on terms satisfactory to us.
4
We are also dependent on our continued relationships on favorable terms with certain third-party distribution partners, such as under one-year agreements, renewable annually, with certain telecommunications companies, pursuant to which we pay a commission for the hotel reservations they generate for us by transferring their customers calls to our hotel booking hotline. Third-party distribution partners accounted for approximately 20% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain satisfactory relationships, obtain favorable contractual terms with such distribution partners or establish new relationships with similar distribution partners on terms satisfactory to us in the future.
The laws and regulations of the PRC restrict foreign investment in the air ticketing, travel agency and Internet content provision businesses and substantial uncertainties and restrictions exist with respect to the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations as they relate to our ownership structure.
We are a Cayman Islands corporation, and are therefore treated as a foreign person under applicable PRC laws and regulations. The PRC government regulates Internet access, the distribution of online information, the conduct of online commerce, advertising, and the provision of travel agency services through strict business licensing requirements and other regulations. These regulations include provisions limiting foreign ownership in PRC companies providing Internet information and other online Internet services, air ticket booking services and travel agency services. As a result, we conduct our business through contractual arrangements between our subsidiaries, eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (or eLong Information) and Bravado Investments Limited (or Bravado) and our affiliated Chinese entities, Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd. (or Beijing Information), Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd. (or Beijing Media), Beijing eLong Air Services Co., Ltd. (or Beijing Air), Beijing eLong International Travel Co., Ltd. (or Beijing Travel), and Hangzhou eLong Air Service Co., Ltd. (or Hangzhou Air). Beijing Information holds a license for Internet content provision services, a license for call center services, and a license for wireless services; Beijing Air and Hangzhou Air hold the air ticketing licenses; and Beijing Travel holds a domestic travel agency license, all of which licenses and approvals are essential for our business operations.
If we and our affiliated Chinese entities are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, the relevant governmental authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violation, including, without limitation:
| levying fines or confiscating our income or the income of our affiliated Chinese entities; |
| revoking our business licenses or the business licenses of our affiliated Chinese entities; |
| requiring us and our affiliated Chinese entities to restructure our ownership structure or operations; and |
| requiring that we discontinue any or all portions of our Internet content provision, air ticketing, travel agency or advertising businesses. |
Any of the above could cause significant disruptions to, and adversely affect, our operations.
Our business depends on the technology infrastructure and service of third parties.
We rely on third-party computer systems and other service providers, including the computerized reservation systems of hotels and airlines, to make reservations and confirmations, to issue air tickets and to make deliveries. Third parties provide, for instance, our back-up data center, telecommunications access lines, significant computer systems and software licensing, support and maintenance service and air ticket delivery. Any interruption in these or other third-party services or deterioration in their performance could impair the quality of our service. Furthermore, if our arrangements with any of these third parties are terminated, we may not find an alternate source of support on a timely basis or on satisfactory terms.
5
We may not use our existing cash and cash equivalents effectively.
We received significant proceeds from equity financing in 2004 and 2005. Our failure to make effective use of our cash and cash equivalents could prevent us from improving our financial results and competitive position. A significant portion of our cash and cash equivalents are denominated in U.S. dollars. If the Renminbi continues to appreciate we will continue to record exchange losses on these cash and cash equivalents and these losses could be material to our results of operations.
Our commission revenues may decrease if our hotel suppliers fail to accurately report data concerning our customers stays.
A substantial portion of our revenues is currently generated through commissions received from hotels for room nights booked through us. We do not receive direct payments for hotel bookings from our customers. Our revenues are dependent on the hotel supplier accurately reporting the customers subsequent stay. In order to verify the hotel suppliers report, we make periodic inquiries with the hotel and the customer. We rely on the hotel and the customer to give us accurate information regarding the customers check-in and check-out dates, which form the basis for calculating the commission we are entitled to receive from the hotel supplier. While we penalize hotel suppliers who report inaccurate information, we cannot guarantee that all hotel supplier reports will be completely accurate. If our hotel suppliers provide us with inaccurate information with respect to our customers length of stay, our revenues derived from hotel bookings may be materially and adversely affected.
If our affiliated Chinese entities violate their contractual agreements with us, our business could be harmed, our reputation could be damaged and we might have to resort to litigation to enforce our rights, which could be time-consuming and expensive.
We depend substantially on our affiliated Chinese entities to conduct our operations. While we have no direct ownership interest in these entities, we have established effective economic control through a series of contracts. These agreements may not be as effective in providing control as would direct ownership of these businesses. In the event that there is a dispute with respect to our agreements with our affiliated Chinese entities, we would have to rely on the PRC legal system for remedies, which could be uncertain. Any legal proceeding could result in a material disruption of our business, damage to our reputation, diversion of our resources and the incurrence of substantial costs.
Our business operations may be materially and adversely affected if we or our affiliated Chinese entities fail to obtain or maintain all pertinent permits and approvals in the heavily regulated air ticketing, travel agency, and Internet industries.
The Chinese government extensively regulates the air ticketing and travel agency industries, as well as most Internet related activities. In order to conduct our business, we or our affiliated Chinese entities must possess and maintain valid permits or approvals from different regulatory authorities. Any failure to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals may subject us to various penalties, such as fines or suspension of operations in these regulated businesses, which could severely disrupt our business operations.
Our business depends on maintaining the integrity of our systems and information infrastructure.
Our call center and substantially all of our computer and communications systems are located at our main facility in Beijing and therefore vulnerable to damage or interruption from man-made or natural causes. However, we do not have a comprehensive disaster recovery solution and do not carry business interruption insurance to compensate us for losses that may occur.
We depend on our systems and information infrastructure to support all aspects of our booking transactions. If we are unable to upgrade our system to keep pace with our business growth, we may experience system outages, capacity constraints, system obsolescence or other unintended system disruptions which may result in slower response times, impaired customer service, delays in fulfilling customer orders and ticket deliveries, and inaccurate reporting of travel information. Any of these factors may cause us to lose customers or suppliers.
6
We may become involved in costly and time-consuming litigation regarding our intellectual property rights, the content on our websites, or breaches of security with respect to confidential information and fraudulent transactions in connection with our websites and business.
From time to time, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources. In addition, third parties may initiate litigation against us for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights. In the event of a successful claim of infringement and our failure or inability to develop non-infringing technology or to obtain a license for the infringed or similar technology on a timely basis, our business could suffer. Moreover, even if we are able to obtain a license for the infringed or similar technology, license fees payable to licensors could be substantial or commercially unviable.
Our websites contain information about hotels, flights and popular vacation destinations, and other travel-related topics. Third parties could take legal action against us for false or misleading information accessible on our websites. Any claims could be time consuming to defend, result in litigation and divert managements attention and resources.
Our transactions are conducted through our websites or through access to our database of customer information. In such transactions, secured transmission of confidential information (such as customers itineraries, hotel and other reservation information, personal information and billing addresses) over public networks is essential to maintain consumer and supplier confidence. Our current security measures may not be adequate. Security breaches, could expose us to litigation and possible liability for failing to secure confidential customer or supplier information and could harm our reputation and ability to attract customers.
Our business is subject to risks associated with credit card fraud.
An increasing portion of our revenue is paid by customers using credit cards. There have been and there likely will continue to be attempts to use fraudulently obtained credit card information to pay for our products and services. As fraudulent credit card schemes become more sophisticated, it may become increasingly difficult and costly for us to detect and prevent such fraud, which could cause us to incur significant and unforeseen losses.
We are controlled by Expedia, Inc., and conflicts of interest may arise.
Expedia controls approximately 95% of our voting power and has the power to control the election of our board of directors. As a result, Expedia is generally able to exercise control over all matters requiring approval by our board of directors or our shareholders.
Conflicts of interest may arise between Expedia and us, including corporate opportunities, and potential acquisitions and financing transactions. Expedias control could prevent a sale of our company or removal or replacement of our current board of directors, even if such actions would be beneficial to our other shareholders. In addition, some of our directors may have interests in both us and in Expedia, which could cause them to have conflicts of interest.
Despite the fact that Expedia controls us, Expedia is currently under no contractual obligation to provide us with benefits relating to the experience and strength of its travel and travel-related businesses, and we cannot assure you as to when or whether we will realize any benefits as a result of being controlled by Expedia.
We may not be able to execute successfully future acquisitions or manage efficiently any acquired business.
A component of our business strategy is to consider acquisitions of complementary businesses in areas that provide incremental revenue. This may require a significant commitment of management time, capital investment and other management resources. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in identifying and negotiating acquisitions on terms favorable to us. In addition, acquisitions that we complete or have completed may not be successfully integrated into our existing operations. If we are unable to execute our acquisition strategy effectively, our growth may be adversely affected.
7
We would be adversely affected by the discontinuation of any of the preferential tax treatments currently available to us in the PRC.
Our wholly owned PRC subsidiary, eLong Information, and one of our affiliated Chinese entities, Beijing Information, enjoyed a 15% preferential enterprise income tax rate in 2007. These Chinese entities must continue to meet a number of criteria to qualify for beneficial tax treatment, some of which criteria were revised in April 2008.
In March 2007, the Chinese government enacted the new Corporate Income Tax (CIT) Law (CIT Law) and promulgated related regulations The CIT Law, which became effective January 1, 2008, imposes a unified income tax rate of 25% for both domestic and foreign invested enterprises. High New Technology Enterprises will still enjoy a preferential CIT rate of 15%, and the qualifying criteria under the CIT Law were released in April 2008. The Group is in the process of evaluating eLong Information and Beijing Informations qualification as High New Technology Enterprises under the new rules. These two entities are subject to an annual assessment by the relevant PRC government authority before they can continue to enjoy the preferential tax rate of 15%, otherwise, a tax rate of 25% will apply. There is no assurance that eLong Information and Beijing Information will continue to meet the qualifications of High New Technology Enterprise.
The CIT Law also provides that enterprises established in foreign countries or regions for which the de facto management bodies are located within the PRC will be considered as PRC resident enterprises and will be subject to CIT at the rate of 25% on their global income. The CIT Law defines the term de facto management bodies, but the detailed implementation guidance has not released by the relevant government authority. We therefore cannot assure you that eLong, Inc. would not be considered as a resident enterprise under the CIT Law. If eLong, Inc. is considered as a resident enterprise, then we could be subject to CIT of 25% on our global income. Otherwise, a non-resident enterprise is subject to withholding tax at the rate of 10% with respect to its PRC-sourced dividend income distributed from earnings accumulated after January 1, 2008. The 10% withholding tax rate is subject to applicable tax agreements or treaties between the PRC and other tax jurisdictions.
Risks Related to the Travel Industry
Declines or disruptions in the travel industry generally could reduce our revenues.
Our business is affected by the health of the travel industry in China. Because travel expenditures are highly sensitive to business and personal discretionary spending levels, it tends to decline during general economic downturns. Adverse trends or events that tend to reduce travel and are likely to reduce our revenues include:
| increases in prices in the hotel, airline or other travel-related sectors; |
| increases in the occurrence of travel-related accidents; |
| outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), avian flu, or other epidemics; |
| terrorist attacks or threats of terrorist attacks or wars; |
| natural disasters or poor weather conditions. |
As a result of any of these events, over which we have no control, we could be severely and adversely affected.
Our quarterly results are likely to fluctuate because of seasonality in the travel industry in China.
Our business experiences fluctuations, reflecting seasonal variations in demand for travel services. For example, the first calendar quarter of each year generally contributes the lowest portion of our annual net revenues primarily due to a slowdown in business activity during the Chinese New Year holiday. Consequently, our revenues may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter.
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Risks Related to Doing Business in the Peoples Republic of China
A slow-down of, or increased volatility in, economic growth in China may adversely affect our growth and profitability.
Our financial results have been, and are expected to continue to be, significantly affected by the growth in the economy and travel industry in China. Although the economy in China has grown significantly in the past decade, we cannot assure you that economic growth will continue or that any slow-down or increased economic volatility will not have a negative effect on our business. For example, the rate of inflation in China was significantly higher in the last quarter of 2007 and the first quarter of 2008 than in recently preceding years. The scope and the extent of inflation could adversely affect the Chinese economy as well as business and personal travel. Any slow-down of, or increased volatility in, economic growth in China may reduce expenditures for travel, which in turn would reduce our revenues.
Uncertainties and restrictions in the PRC legal system may have a material and adverse impact on our business and limit the protections available to you.
Although we believe that our current operations are compliant with applicable PRC laws and regulations, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation of existing and new PRC laws and regulations that apply to electronic commerce. It is possible that new laws and regulations will affect our existing and future business and that the new laws and regulations may be applied retroactively. For example, the new PRC Employment Contract Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008, provides more employment protection to employees in China and, as a result, we may incur additional staff costs in the future. The PRC authorities retain broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business licenses and requiring actions necessary for compliance. Any such action could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our subsidiaries in the PRC and our affiliated Chinese entities are subject to PRC laws and regulations. We conduct part of our business through contractual arrangements with our affiliated Chinese entities, as foreign ownership is restricted in the air-ticketing, travel agency, advertising and Internet content provision industries. These entities hold the licenses and approvals that are essential for our business operations.
There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws and regulations. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us and our investors. In addition, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system, particularly with respect to the travel industry and the Internet, including the introduction of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement of current or future laws and regulations, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws.
Accordingly, we cannot assure you that the relevant government authorities will not determine that our current ownership structure and these contractual arrangements are not in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations.
Further, if we and our affiliated Chinese entities are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, the relevant governmental authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violation, including, without limitation, levying fines, confiscating our income or the income of our affiliated Chinese entities, revoking our business licenses or the business licenses of our affiliated Chinese entities, requiring us and our affiliated Chinese entities to restructure our ownership structure or operations, and requiring that we discontinue any or all portions of our Internet content provision, air ticketing, travel agency or advertising businesses.
Fluctuation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect the value of our company and our ADSs.
The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in the Chinas political and economic conditions. The conversion of RMB into
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foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the Peoples Bank of China. The RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. The PRC government may adopt a more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar.
Any changes in the value of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect the value in foreign currency terms of our ADSs and any dividends payable by us. Substantially all of our revenue-generating operations are transacted in Renminbi, and we have a significant portion of our financial assets denominated in U.S. dollars. If the Renminbi continues to appreciate we will continue to record unrealized exchange losses on United States dollar-denominated assets and these losses could be material to our results of operations.
Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of our company and our ADSs.
We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi, which is currently not a fully convertible currency. Under Chinas existing foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions and interest payments, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange by complying with certain procedural requirements. The Chinese government, however, may, at its discretion, restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If this were to occur, we might not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs, which could adversely affect the value of our ADSs.
We have limited business insurance coverage in China.
Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products. As a result, we carry limited business liability or disruption insurance coverage for our operations in China. Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources.
Our online business relies on the existence of an adequate telecommunications infrastructure for continued growth of Chinas Internet market.
Although private sector Internet service providers currently exist in China, almost all access to the Internet is maintained through a network owned by China Netcom under the regulatory supervision of Chinas Ministry of Information Industry. In addition, the national networks in China connect to the Internet through a government-controlled international gateway. This international gateway is the only channel through which a domestic Chinese user can connect to the international Internet network. We rely on this infrastructure and China Netcom to provide data communications capacity, primarily through local telecommunications lines. We cannot assure you that this infrastructure will be further developed. In addition, we will have no access to alternative networks and services, on a timely basis if at all, in the event of any infrastructure disruption or failure. The Internet infrastructure in China may not support the demands associated with continued growth in Internet usage.
Our online business is dependent on the continued use and growth of the Internet, a medium that has not yet been proven as an effective means of commerce in China.
A significant portion of our services is targeted toward businesses and consumers who use the Internet. China has only recently begun to develop the Internet as a commercial medium and has a lower Internet penetration rate compared to most developed countries. Our future operating results from our online distribution channel will depend substantially upon a rising Internet penetration rate and the increased use and acceptance of the Internet for distribution of products and services and for the facilitation of commerce in China. The Internet may not become a viable medium for commercial transactions in China and major impediments include:
| limited use of credit card and other electronic commerce infrastructure; |
| inexperience with the Internet as a sales and distribution channel; |
| inadequate development of necessary infrastructure to facilitate online commerce; |
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| concerns about security, reliability, cost, ease of deployment, administration and quality of service associated with conducting business over the Internet; and |
| inexperience with credit card usage or with other means of electronic payment. |
If the Internet does not become a widely accepted medium for commerce in China, our business development and growth may be significantly impeded.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our ADSs or Ordinary Shares and Our Trading Market
Failure to maintain effective internal controls could have a material and adverse effect on the trading price of our ADSs.
Our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. See Item 15. Control and Procedures. Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG, has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting. The report on the audit of internal control over financial reporting appears in this Form 20-F. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports. Any failure to maintain the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, in addition to causing us to be unable to report in future annual reports on Form 20-F that such internal controls are effective, could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could adversely affect the trading price of our ADSs. Furthermore, we may need to incur additional costs and use additional management and other resources in an effort to maintain compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
The market price for our ADSs may be volatile.
The market price of our ADSs has been volatile and is likely to continue to be so. Since our initial public offering, the trading price of our ADSs has ranged from a low of US$7.10 per ADS to a high of $25.99 per ADS. On April 30, 2008, the closing price of our ADSs was US$9.37 per ADS. Our trading price may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors including the following:
| actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results; |
| announcements of new services by us or our competitors; |
| changes in financial estimates by securities analysts; |
| conditions in the travel, Internet and online commerce industries; |
| changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other travel, Internet or online commerce companies; |
| announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
| additions or departures of key personnel; |
| sales of additional ordinary shares or ADSs; and |
| potential litigation. |
Any of these factors may materially and adversely affect the market price of our ADSs.
In addition, the securities market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market prices for the securities of technology companies, and particularly Internet-related companies.
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The future sales by our existing shareholders of a substantial number of our ordinary shares or ADSs in the public market could adversely affect the price of our ADSs.
If our shareholders sell in the public market substantial amounts of our ordinary shares or ADSs, including those issued upon the exercise of outstanding options and warrants and the settlement of performance units, the market price of our ADSs could fall. Such sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.
You may not receive distributions on ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical to make them available to you.
The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. We have no obligation to register under U.S. securities laws any ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or other securities. We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or anything else to holders of ADSs. This means that you may not receive the distribution we make on our ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you. These restrictions may have a material adverse effect on the value of your ADSs.
You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.
Your ADSs represented by the ADRs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary thinks it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.
Our subsidiaries and affiliated Chinese entities in China are subject to restrictions on paying dividends or making other payments to us, which may decrease our primary internal source of funds.
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We rely on dividends from our subsidiaries in China and consulting and other fees paid to us by our affiliated Chinese entities. Current PRC regulations permit our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, our subsidiaries in China are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Further, if our subsidiaries and affiliated Chinese entities in China incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us, which in turn would limit our ability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares.
You may have fewer rights, and may have less protection for your interests as a shareholder, than you would if you were a shareholder of a U.S. company.
eLong is a Cayman Islands company and substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, a majority of our directors and officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and all or a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon our directors or officers, or enforce judgments obtained in the United States courts against our directors or officers.
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Protection of rights through a U.S. court may be limited because we are a Cayman Islands company.
eLong is a Cayman Islands corporation. Shareholder rights under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in the United States because the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States. Shareholders in Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action before the federal courts of the United States. As a result, the ability of shareholders to protect their interests if they are harmed in a manner that would enable them to sue in a United States federal court may be limited.
Item 4: Information on the Company
4A. Corporate History
eLong, Inc. was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on April 4, 2001. On May 19, 2004, eLong, Inc. was re-incorporated in the Cayman Islands as an exempt company with limited liability under the Cayman Islands Companies Law (2004 Revision).
On August 4, 2004, we sold 11,188,570 Series B preferred shares to Expedia Asia Pacific, which is now an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary of Expedia, for US$58.7 million. We used approximately one-half of the proceeds from Expedia Asia Pacific, or US$29.3 million, to repurchase 1,581,874 Series A preferred shares and 4,012,411 ordinary shares from certain of our then-existing shareholders. On December 17, 2004, Expedias Series B preferred shares automatically converted into high-vote ordinary shares. In conjunction with the sale of Series B Preferred Shares to Expedia Asia Pacific we also granted to Expedia Asia Pacific a warrant to purchase that number of our high-vote ordinary shares as would result in Expedia Asia Pacifics holding approximately 52% of our outstanding shares on a fully-diluted basis and approximately 95% of our voting power. On August 4, 2004, we also granted to Expedia Asia Pacific options to purchase 711,429 ordinary shares and, in October 2004, we granted Expedia Asia Pacific options to purchase up to an additional 260,204 ordinary shares. See Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and EmployeesShare OwnershipOptions Granted to Expedia Asia Pacific for a more detailed description. On January 7, 2005, Expedia Asia Pacific purchased 17,362,134 of our high-vote ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of Expedia Asia Pacifics warrant, for an aggregate cash purchase price of $107.8 million, or US$6.21 per share (the equivalent of $12.42 per ADS), giving Expedia Asia Pacific beneficial ownership of approximately 52% of our outstanding shares on a fully-diluted basis and approximately 95% of our voting power. We used approximately one-half of the proceeds from Expedia Asia Pacifics warrant exercise, or US$53,909,426, or US$6.21 per share, to purchase 8,681,067 ordinary shares from certain of our existing shareholders. Such warrant exercise price and share repurchase price were subject to a post-closing adjustment based upon our actual indebtedness as of December 15, 2004. In April 2006, a post-closing adjustment was made such that the warrant exercise price and share repurchase price was adjusted to $6.20434 per share (the equivalent of $12.40868 per ADS). The warrant exercise price and share repurchase price are no longer subject to any adjustments.
On November 2, 2004, we completed initial public offering of our ADSs.
Our principal executive office is located at Block B, Xingke Plaza Building, 10 Middle Jiuxianqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100016 in the Peoples Republic of China. Our telephone number is: +86 (10) 5860-2288. Our agent for service of process in the United States is CT Corporation System located at 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10011.
4B. Business
We are a leading online travel service provider in China. We utilize a centralized modern call center and web-based distribution technologies to provide our services. We seek to serve Chinas emerging class of frequent independent travelers, or FITs, who engage in business and leisure travel. We believe FITs to be a fast-growing, yet relatively underserved, segment of the domestic travel market in China.
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Since our inception in April 2001, we believe we have built one of the largest travel service distribution networks in China. Through our nationwide 24-hour toll-free call center, our user-friendly Chinese and English language websites and our extensive reseller network, we provide our customers with comprehensive travel information and the ability to book rooms at discounted rates at over 4,800 hotels in over 300 cities across China and air tickets in over 70 major cities across China. Through our parent company Expedia Asia Pacific and its affiliates, we offer the ability to book rooms at 40,000 hotels outside of China. We offer customers substantial content relevant to their hotel booking decisions, including recent photos, facility information, and for many properties, rotating 360 degree photos of the hotel rooms and facilities. In 2007, we facilitated the sales by our hotel suppliers through our booking services, of approximately 3.71 million room nights and sold approximately 1.42 million air tickets.
We have experienced significant growth since we began operations in 2001. Our revenues are primarily derived from hotel reservation, air-ticketing, other travel revenue and non travel revenues. For information on revenue attributable to different products, see Item 5Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsPrincipal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations.
Our Services
We offer our customers a wide selection of travel services. In 2007, we derived 76% of our revenue before business tax and surcharges from the hotel reservation business and 18% of our revenues from the air-ticketing business.
Hotel reservations. At December 31, 2007 we had room supplier relationships with over 4,800 hotels in over 300 cities throughout China. We seek to offer a range of hotel options at a variety of prices, with the majority of our hotel suppliers being economical, three-, four- or five-star hotels, catering to higher-end customers. For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, we derived 80%, 79% and 76% of our total revenue before business tax and surcharges from our hotel reservation services.
We act primarily as an agent in our hotel-related transactions. We make room reservations based on customers inquiry and, upon the completion of a customers stay, we calculate our commissions, generally ranging from 10% to 20% of the hotel room rate, which the hotels pay us on a monthly basis. We also confirm with the hotel the length of the customers stay. We pay no penalty to the hotel for no shows on confirmed reservations, although we are not paid any commission in respect of such no show reservations. Because we generally do not make commitments regarding hotel rooms that we book for our customers, we do not carry significant inventory risk.
Our hotel reservation volume has increased significantly since our inception and reached approximately 3.71 million room nights in 2007 compared to 1.03 million room nights in 2003. We have negotiated escalating commission rates with some hotels with which we have higher booking volumes. As our reservation volume increases, we are often able to pass along higher hotel discount rates to our customers, while at the same time securing more guaranteed room inventory. Depending on our agreement with the individual hotel supplier, we either receive a guaranteed allotment of hotel room nights per month or operate on an as-requested basis.
We enter into agreements with companies that own or operate hotels. Due to the fragmented nature of the hotel industry in China where hotels are generally owned separately, we generally enter into agreements with hotel companies on an individual hotel basis. Our agreements with our hotel room suppliers are all in writing.
For hotels with which we have guaranteed room allotments, the hotel makes available to us a specified minimum number of guaranteed available rooms each day. The hotel must notify us in advance if it is unable to make the guaranteed rooms available. Our guaranteed allotment allows us to provide more efficient customer service by enabling us to provide our customers with an instant confirmation of their reservations. We incur no obligation if the guaranteed allocation is not used.
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For hotels with which we do not have guaranteed room allotments, we confirm with the hotel the availability of rooms before providing a confirmation to the customer.
Air ticketing. We provide a 24-hour air ticketing service through our toll-free call center and websites. We act as an agent for all major airlines in China and international airlines that operate flights that originate from selected cities in China. We make flight reservations through TravelSky, which is the operator of the only nationwide system for air ticket reservations in China, and currently issue and deliver air tickets using a network of local agents throughout major cities in China. We receive a commission when we sell an airline ticket net of cancellation, and we have an escalating commission structure with many airlines based on the number of air tickets we sell.
Our air ticketing process begins when a customer initiates an inquiry through our toll-free call center or our websites. The customer is informed of the available flights based on their schedule and desired air carrier and we then confirm a booking for a seat on the selected flight through our call center. In cases where the air ticket needs to be issued outside of Beijing or locations where we do not have our own licenses, booking information is sent to one of our local agents in the city where the customer wants the ticket to be issued and delivered. We have relationships with a network of local ticketing agents throughout major cities in China. We also use these local agents and other third party delivery companies to deliver the tickets to our customers and collect payments for the tickets. We then collect the airfare from the delivery company, pay the agents commission and the cost of the tickets, and retain the balance ourselves. We currently do not pre-purchase air tickets for resale.
We believe that air ticketing sales will represent a growing source of revenues in the future. In 2007, we sold approximately 1.42 million air tickets compared to 265,600 tickets in 2004. We anticipate that the adoption of e-tickets in China will allow consumers to better use our call center and websites to book air tickets.
Vacation packages. We previously offered vacation package products that included air transportation, hotel accommodation and other travel related services to many popular destinations in China, which allowed our customers to select a desired vacation package and place an order with us. However, on June 15, 2007, following review of the costs and operating results generated by our vacation package products, we decided to suspend offering such products until we are able to do so more cost-effectively. The decision took effect as of July 13, 2007.
Non-travel services. We also derive revenues from non-travel services, including advertising on our websites and non-travel wireless messaging services. Going forward, we expect that our revenues from these non-travel services will continue to decrease relative to our revenues from hotel reservations and air ticketing.
Supplier Relationship Management and Distribution
We have cultivated and maintained good relationships with our travel suppliers since our inception. We have a team of employees dedicated to enhance our relationship with existing travel suppliers and develop relationships with prospective travel suppliers.
Furthermore, we have developed an electronic confirmation system that enables participating hotel suppliers to receive our customers reservation information and confirm such reservation through our online interface with the hotel supplier. We believe that the electronic confirmation system is a cost-effective and convenient way for hotels to interface with us. We have not had any material disputes with our travel suppliers with respect to the amount of commissions to which we were entitled.
We distribute our travel services through the following principal channels:
Call center. We operate a 24-hour call center that in December 2007 was staffed by more than 900 customer service representatives. The call center is accessible nationwide on a toll free basis for telephone calls in China.
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Our call center has been a cost-efficient distribution channel given the relatively low cost of labor in China. However, labor costs in China have been rising significantly in recent years and we may incur additional staff costs under the new PRC Employment Contract Law which became effective on January 1, 2008 and provides more employment protection to employees. We expect our call centers to remain an important distribution channel going forward with careful management of rising staff costs.
Websites. We offer our travel services through our user-friendly websites with the following addresses: http://www.eLong.com and http://www.eLong.net. Our websites offer travel content that empowers our customers to compare and select optimal travel options. Customers can browse travel service options, compare prices, book and confirm orders through our websites. Our websites are designed to provide customers with a quick, efficient and flexible service that facilitates comparison among our large number of travel suppliers.
Telephone Booking Services. Under the terms of our annual agreements with various subsidiaries of China Telecom and China Netcom, we are a hotel service provider to customers that use China Telecoms and China Netcoms directory assistance services. When a potential customer calls the subsidiaries of China Telecom or China Netcom through a certain number for information about hotel reservations, the subsidiaries of China Telecom or China Netcom will transfer such calls to our hotel booking hotline. The various subsidiaries of China Telecom and China Netcom will receive a commission for the hotel reservations they generate for us through this telephone booking service.
Reseller network. We have developed an extensive nationwide network of over 3,000 non-exclusive resellers, consisting of primarily smaller travel and air ticketing agencies. These agencies utilize our call center and websites to distribute travel services. We pay our resellers a portion of our commission, subject to an escalating scale, based on the number of hotel reservations and air ticket bookings they generate for us.
Marketing and Brand Promotion
We market our services through a combination of direct marketing, online marketing, traditional media advertising and co-marketing with established brands. We seek to build a brand identity that consumers associate with choice, convenience and value.
Direct marketing. We conduct direct marketing activities principally at major airports and transportation hubs in China. Our promotional efforts at these locations include the distribution of complimentary eLong membership cards. eLong membership cards are part of our efforts to promote our services through a loyalty program which entitles members to receive benefits such as complimentary hotel rooms and other non-cash gifts for accumulated transactions.
Online marketing. In order to expand our online presence, we have entered into cooperation contracts with Baidu China and Google China pursuant to which we have purchased travel-related keywords which will direct Baidu and Google users to our website. We feel that our online marketing effort is an important part of our marketing strategy and serves as a cost-effective marketing tool.
Traditional marketing. Our traditional media advertising efforts include newspapers, travel magazines, in-flight airline magazine advertising and flyer distribution. The focus of our media advertising efforts is to promote awareness of the eLong brand among our potential customers.
Co-marketing relationships. We seek to expand our market reach and revenues by entering into co-marketing agreements with companies that have a large customer base and strong brand recognition. We believe that we are able to reach more customers and capitalize on their brand recognition in promoting our services and in enhancing our credibility, and both entities share the revenues generated in such co-marketing activities. We have entered into co-marketing agreements with telecommunications service providers, airlines and financial institutions in China in order to increase our business volume and strengthen our brand.
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eLong membership program. We promote our brand through our loyalty program that rewards repeat customers. Membership in our eLong membership program entitles our customers to receive awards such as free travel services, non-cash gifts and amenities. Our membership program is designed to encourage repeat transactions in higher-end travel services that offer higher margins for us and forms the cornerstone of our customer retention program.
Technology
We believe that we have a leading technology platform and team in the travel service industry in China and we continue to upgrade our platform to meet international standards. Our goal is to develop a high-performance, reliable, scalable and secure system in-house which is able to support our business demands for new features and functionalities.
Since the first quarter 2008, we have been implementing Oracle ERP and Siebel CRM system to upgrade our accounting, customer relationship management, business intelligence and staff performance management functions. We also employ several systems and software packages to help with the development of our business, including, the Travel Industry Automation, or TIA system, which provides end-to-end technology support for our entire travel business; E-Booking software which links hotels directly into TIA system; the Air Booking System which provides links to airline companies for our customers; the agent management module provides our agents with virtual reservation information; and a security system which is designed to ensure that our users can only access and use our system. according to their assigned authorization levels. Our in-bound call center can process phone based bookings. See Item 3: Key Information on the Company: Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our BusinessWe could be liable for breaches of security on our websites and fraudulent transactions by users of our websites.
Competition
We primarily compete with other consolidators of travel service including Ctrip.com, traditional travel agencies and hotel and airline suppliers that sell directly to consumers. We compete on the basis of brand recognition, selection, price, ease of use, accessibility of information, breadth of services offered, convenience, and customer service and satisfaction. As Chinas market continues to grow, we may face further competition from other new domestic hotel room and airline ticket consolidators or international players that may expand into China. We may also face increasing competition from hotels and airlines should they further expand into the direct selling market or engage in alliances with other travel service providers besides us.
Intellectual Property
To protect our proprietary rights, we rely upon a combination of copyright and trademark laws, trade secrets, and confidentiality agreements with both employees and third party protective contractual provisions. Most of our full-time employees have executed confidentiality and non-use agreements that transfer any rights they may have to copyrights and patents to us. In addition, prior to discussing business and technologies with outside parties, we typically require that the parties enter into a non-disclosure agreement with us. If these discussions result in a license or other business relationship, we also require that the agreement setting forth the parties respective rights and obligations include provisions protecting our intellectual property rights.
Through one of our subsidiaries in China, eLong Information, we currently have registered our Internet domain names www.eLong.com, www.eLong.net, www.eLong.cn, www.eLong.com.cn, www.eLong.net.cn and www.xici.net , with established domain name registration centers.
The eLong character in Chinese with eLong.com in English is our registered trademark in China. We have registered this and related trademarks with the PRC National Trademark Office.
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Seasonality
See Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsMajor Factors Affecting the Travel IndustrySeasonality in the travel service industry for a description of seasonal factors influencing our business.
Capital Expenditures
Our capital expenditures for property and equipment were RMB 19.9 million for 2005, RMB 20.7 million for 2006, and RMB22.2 million for 2007. Principal areas of investment during 2007 related to purchases of software and computer systems. See Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsLiquidity and Capital Resources for further details regarding capital expenditures. We expect to make capital expenditures of approximately RMB40 million in 2008, primarily for investment related to purchases of software and computer system.
Governmental Regulation
Regulatory Authorities
Certain areas in the PRC related to the Internet, such as telecommunications, Internet information services, international connections to computer information networks, information security and censorship, as well as those areas related to online air ticketing, online advertising and online travel agency, are covered in detail by a number of existing laws and regulations issued by various governmental authorities in the PRC, including:
| the newly created Ministry of Industry and Information, created in March 2008 through the merger and reorganization of the Ministry of Information Industry, or MII, and the State Council Information Office, or SCIO. |
| the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or SAIC; |
| the Ministry of Commerce, or MOC; |
| the Ministry of Public Security, or MPS ; and |
In addition, businesses relating to air ticketing or travel agency are covered in detail by a number of existing laws and regulations issued by various governmental authorities in the PRC, including:
| the Civil Aviation Administration of China, or CAAC; and |
| the China National Tourism Administration, or CNTA. |
Scope of Regulation
eLong is structured as an online company engaged in the businesses of travel agency, air ticketing and advertising. Current PRC laws and regulations impose substantial restrictions on foreign ownership in these businesses in China. As a result, we have subsidiaries in China that conduct operations through a series of contractual arrangements with our affiliated Chinese entities. See Section 4C. Organizational Structure for a detailed description.
In the opinion of our PRC counsel, TransAsia Lawyers, the ownership structure, businesses and operations of our subsidiaries and affiliated Chinese entities in China comply with all existing PRC laws, regulations and rules. In addition, no consent, approval or license, other than those already obtained, is currently required under existing PRC laws, regulations and rules for such ownership structure, businesses and operations.
Telecommunications Laws and Regulations
The Telecommunications Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China, or the Telecoms Regulations, as implemented on September 25, 2000, require that telecommunications service providers must procure operating licenses as a mandatory precondition for the commencement of operations. A distinction is drawn between basic telecoms services and value-added telecoms services. Value-added telecoms services are defined as telecommunications and information services provided through public networks.
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A Catalogue of Telecommunications Services by Category, which is attached to the Telecoms Regulations and was updated in June 2001 and April 2003, categorizes services as basic or value-added. The Catalogues list of value-added services includes online data and transaction processing, on-demand voice and image communications, domestic Internet virtual private networks, Internet data centers, message storage and forwarding (including voice mailbox, e-mail and online fax services), call centers, Internet access, and online information and data search. We are engaged in various types of value-added services that are subject to the Telecoms Regulations.
Foreign direct investment in telecommunications companies in China is regulated by the Regulations for the Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises, or the FITE Regulations, which were issued by the PRC State Council on December 11, 2001, and became effective on January 1, 2002. The FITE Regulations stipulate that foreign-invested telecommunications enterprises, or FITEs, must be established as Sino-foreign equity joint ventures. FITEs can undertake operations in basic and value-added telecommunications services. Under the FITE Regulations and in accordance with WTO-related documentation, the foreign party to a value-added FITE may currently hold up to 50% equity, with no geographic restrictions on its operations. The PRC government has not made any further commitment to liberalize its regulation of FITEs. In accordance with the FITE Regulations and Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Law, we may consider establishing a foreign-invested telecommunications entity at an appropriate time.
On December 26, 2001, the MII promulgated the Administrative Measures for Telecommunications Business Operating Licenses, or Telecoms License Measures, to supplement the FITE Regulations. The Telecoms License Measures confirm that there are two types of telecommunications operating licenses for operators in China (including FITEs), namely: licenses for basic services and licenses for value-added services. With respect to the latter, a distinction is made as to whether a license is granted for intra-provincial or trans-regional (inter-provincial) activities. An appendix to the license will detail the permitted activities of the enterprise to which it was granted. An approved telecommunications service operator must conduct its business (whether basic or value-added) in accordance with the specifications recorded on its Telecoms Service Operating License. The Telecoms License Measures also confirm that the MII is the competent approval authority for foreign-invested telecommunications enterprises.
Online Advertising
On June 25, 2001, the SAIC issued to eLong an advertising operating license, which enables us to conduct our online advertising business. The SAIC has renewed this license annually.
In accordance with the Administrative Regulations for Advertising Licenses and the Implementation Rules for the Administrative Regulations for Advertising Licenses, both of which were issued by SAIC on November 30, 2004 and effective as of January 1, 2005, enterprises (except for broadcast stations, television stations, newspapers and magazines, non-corporate entities and other entities specified in laws or administrative regulations) are generally exempted from the previous requirement to obtain an Advertising License. Exempted enterprises are only required to apply for the inclusion of advertising services in their business license.
Internet Information Services
On September 25, 2000, the State Council approved the Measures for the Administration of Internet Information Services, or the ICP Measures. Under the ICP Measures, any entity that provides information to online users of the Internet is obliged to obtain an operating license from the MII or its local branch at the provincial or municipal level in accordance with the Telecoms Regulations described above.
The ICP Measures stipulate further that ICPs must display their operating license numbers in a conspicuous location on their home page. ICPs are obliged to police their Websites in order to remove categories of harmful content that are broadly defined. This obligation reiterates Internet content restrictions that have been promulgated by other ministries over the past few years.
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Most importantly for foreign investors, the ICP Measures stipulate that ICPs must obtain the prior consent of the MII prior to establishing an equity or cooperative joint venture with a foreign partner.
On July 13, 2006, the MII promulgated a Notice of the Ministry of Information Industry on Intensifying the Administration of Foreign Investment in Value-added Telecommunications Services (the MII VAT Notice). The Notice is designed to strengthen the administration of foreign investment in PRC telecommunications businesses, particularly those involving value-added telecommunications services, which encompass a wide variety of activities related to the provision of service and content via telecommunications networks. As such, the Notice requires the following: Telecom companies (or their shareholders) must hold the domain names and trademarks that they use in their provision of value-added telecommunication services, and must hold the necessary business premises and facilities (including servers) within the region covered by their ICP licenses and which correspond to their ICP services.
Therefore, under the MII VAT Notice, an enterprise holding an ICP permit must be the entity in possession of the key relevant intellectual property rights, e.g., domain names and trademarks, used by the enterprise. Such intellectual property rights can also be held by the direct shareholders of the enterprise holding the ICP permit. We have taken appropriate measures to comply with the MII VAT Notice.
On March 31, 2004, the Beijing Telecommunications Administration, or BTA, issued to eLong a Telecoms and Information Services Operating License authorizing the provision of Internet information services. On October 25, 2000, the MII issued to eLong Internet a Value-Added Telecoms Services Operating License authorizing the provision of mobile-network value-added telecommunications services nationwide. Both of these permits have been renewed, remain valid and are subject to annual inspections.
E-Signatures and E-Commerce
On August 29, 2004, the Standing Committee of the PRC National Peoples Congress passed the Electronic Signature Law of the Peoples Republic of China, or E-Signature Law, which took effect as of April 1, 2005. This law details the procedures for the use and verification of electronic signatures, or e-signatures, in order to conclude legally binding documents. In many respects, the law enacts, at a national level, certain provisions that were already effective in Guangdong Province under local legislation.
The E-Signature Law provides that, in order for an e-signature to be legally valid, it must identify the signer, confirm the content of the signed file and be verified by an online signature certification authority. The law also establishes a regulatory framework for the administration of such certification authorities by the Chinese government.
As a legal framework for e-commerce emerges in China, we will adopt necessary measures to ensure our full compliance with PRC law.
Information Security and Censorship
The principal pieces of PRC legislation concerning information security and censorship are:
| The Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Preservation of State Secrets (1988) and its Implementing Rules (1990); |
| The Law of the Peoples Republic of China Regarding State Security (1993) and its Implementing Rules (1994); |
| Rules of the Peoples Republic of China for Protecting the Security of Computer Information Systems (1994); |
| Notice Concerning Work Relating to the Filing of Computer Information Systems with International Connections (1996); |
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| Administrative Regulations for the Protection of Secrecy on Computer Information Systems Connected to International Networks (1999); |
| Regulations for the Protection of State Secrets for Computer Information Systems on the Internet (2000); |
| Notice issued by the Ministry of Public Security of the Peoples Republic of China Regarding Issues Relating to the Implementation of the Administrative Measure for the Security Protection of International Connections to Computer Information Networks (2000); |
| The Decision of the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress Regarding the Safeguarding of Internet Security (2000); and |
| Measures for the Administration of Commercial Website Filings for the Record (2002) and their Implementing Rules (2002). |
These pieces of legislation specifically prohibit the use of Internet infrastructure where it results in a breach of public security, the provision of socially destabilizing content or the divulgence of State secrets, as follows:
| A breach of public security includes breach of national security or disclosure of state secrets; infringement on state, social or collective interests or the legal rights and interests of citizens; or illegal or criminal activities. |
| Socially destabilizing content includes any action that incites defiance or violation of Chinese laws; incites subversion of state power and the overturning of the socialist system; fabricates or distorts the truth, spreads rumors or disrupts social order; advocates cult activities; or spreads feudal superstition, involves obscenities, pornography, gambling, violence, murder, or horrific acts or instigates criminal acts. |
| State secrets are defined as matters that affect the security and interest of the state. The term covers such broad areas as national defense, diplomatic affairs, policy decisions on state affairs, national economic and social development, political parties and other State secrets that the State Secrecy Bureau has determined should be safeguarded. |
According to the aforementioned legislation, it is mandatory for Internet companies in the PRC to complete security filing procedures with the local public security bureau and for them to update regularly with the local public security bureau regarding information security and censorship systems for their websites. In this regard, the Detailed Implementing Rules for the Measures for the Administration of Commercial Website Filings for the Record, promulgated in September 2000 by the Beijing AIC, state that Websites must comply with the following requirements:
| they must file with the Beijing AIC and obtain electronic registration marks; |
| they must place the registration marks on their websites homepages; and |
| they must register their Website names with the Beijing AIC. |
We registered our websites with the Beijing AIC on October 25, 2000. Accordingly, our electronic registration mark is prominently placed on our homepage.
Encryption Software
In October 1999, The State Council promulgated the Regulations for the Administration of Commercial Encryption, followed by announcements by the State Encryption Administration Commission (The State Encryption Administration Bureau) for implementation purposes. In 2006 these authorities issued additional regulations addressing the research, production and sale of encryption products. These regulations also address the use in China of software with encryption functions. According to these regulations, encryption products
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purchased for use must be reported. Violation of the encryption regulations may result in the issuance of a warning, levying of a penalty, confiscation of the encryption products and even criminal liabilities. In the past, the Office of the State Commission for the Administration of Cryptography (SCAB) issued a public announcement regarding the regulations as below:
| Only specialized hardware and software, the core functions of which are encryption and decoding, fall within the administrative scope of the regulations as encryption products and equipment containing encryption technology. Other products such as wireless telephones, Windows software and browsers do not fall within this scope. |
| SCAB maintains authority over the importation, research, production, sale and use of encryption products in China (products are defined to include any encryption technologies and products used in encryption or to secure authentication of information other than state secrets). The legislation restricts the importation, research, production and sale of encryption products and requires that encryption software be registered with the SCAB for reasons of national security. As noted earlier, the regulations address software primarily designed for encryption purposes, which does not apply to software used by us. |
In response to inquiries, relevant officials have been inconsistent in their advice regarding whether mainstream software products that carry ancillary software encryption features need to be registered. We have not been requested to register encryption software with the SCAB.
Consumer Protection
The MII has set forth various requirements for consumer protection in a notice issued on April 15, 2004, which address certain problems in the telecoms sector, including ambiguity in billing practices for premium services, poor quality of connections and unsolicited SMS messages, all of which infringe upon the rights of consumers.
In addition, there has been a movement in China toward industry self-regulation to combat the problem of unsolicited e-mails. Specifically, on March 25, 2003, the China Internet Association issued the Anti-Spam E-Mail Guidelines. These guidelines set forth a number of mechanisms that Internet service providers in China may adopt to cut down the use of their systems in sending unsolicited e-mail. We have adopted these guidelines in our operations.
On February 20, 2006, the MII promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Internet E-mail Services, effective as of March 30, 2006. Under these new regulations, the Opt-in System is expected to be introduced into the area of e-mail services, whereby e-mails containing commercial advertisements are not delivered unless specifically requested by users. Furthermore, the subject of all e-mails containing commercial advertisements will be required to be labeled with advertisement or AD. In addition, the IP address of each server that supports e-mail will be registered in order to facilitate the tracing and identification of spam sources. We will fulfill the relevant requirements for registration and accordingly adjust our e-mail forms for commercial marketing use.
We are aware of the increasingly strict legal environment covering consumer protection in China, and are prepared to adopt any legally mandated protections for our customers.
Air Ticketing
Air ticketing. The air ticketing business is subject to the supervision of the CAAC and its regional branches. The principal regulations governing air ticketing business in China are the Regulations on the Administration of Civil Aviation Transportation Sales Agencies (1993). Under these regulations, an air ticketing agency must obtain a permit from the CAAC or its regional branch in every city in which the agency proposes to conduct
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business. Effective as of March 31, 2006, the CAAC promulgated the Rules Concerning the Affirmation for the Qualification of Aviation Transportation Sales Agencies. The air ticketing agency sector is currently regulated by an industrial association, rather than a government-based administration as it was previously. In 2007 we completed the air ticketing agency qualification certificate renewal procedure.
The principal regulation governing foreign ownership in the air ticketing business in China is the Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue (2004). In the past, this regulation prevented foreign investors (including investors from Hong Kong and Macau) from owning 100% of air ticketing agencies in China. However, in accordance with the Second Supplementary Regulations regarding Foreign Investment in Civil Aviation Transportation Industry (promulgated on and effective from January 4, 2007), qualified service providers from Hong Kong or Macau are allowed to own 100% of aviation transportation sale agencies in China with the only restriction that they are still prohibited from selling tickets to passengers for domestic PRC air travel.
The CAAC and the NDRC jointly regulate the pricing of airline tickets as well as commissions payable to air ticketing agencies.
Travel Agency
Travel agency. The travel agency industry is subject to the supervision of the CNTA and local tourism administrations. The principal regulations governing travel agencies in China include:
| the Administration of Travel Agencies Regulations (2001), as amended; and |
| the Rules of Implementation of the Administration of Travel Agencies Regulations (2001). |
Under these regulations, foreign investors must:
| have annual revenue from travel services exceeding US$40 million; |
| be members of travel industrial associations in their home countries or regions; and |
| be a travel agency or primarily engaged in the travel agency business. |
Investors that meet these requirements are allowed to engage in the provision of tourist services for visitors from abroad as well as for Chinese nationals. Foreign-invested travel agencies are prohibited from engaging in the business of overseas travel by PRC citizens or travel by PRC citizens from the other regions of the PRC to Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan. In accordance with the announcement of the chairman of CNTA on January 18, 2007, foreign-invested agencies will be allowed to open branch offices in China starting from July 1, 2007.
The principal regulation governing foreign ownership of travel agencies in China is the Establishment of Foreign-Controlled and Wholly Foreign-Owned Travel Agencies (Tentative Provisions) (2003), which was revised on February 17, 2005, and its supplementary regulations promulgated on December 19, 2006 and effective from January 1, 2007. Certain foreign investors have been permitted to establish or own travel agencies in China, provided that such investors meet the following qualifications:
| are a travel agency or are primarily engaged in the travel agency business; |
| have annual revenue from travel services exceeding US$40 million (in the case of foreign-controlled travel agencies) or US$500 million (in the case of wholly foreign-owned travel agencies); and for investors from Hong Kong or Macau, have annual revenue from travel services exceeding US$ 12 million (in the case of foreign-controlled travel agencies) or US$20 million (in the case of wholly foreign-owned travel agencies); |
| enjoy good international reputation and advanced experience in managing travel agencies; and |
| are members of travel industry associations in their home countries or regions |
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The investors must also receive the approval of the PRC government, subject to substantial restrictions on the scope of their respective businesses. For example, foreign-invested travel agencies are prohibited from engaging in the provision of overseas tourist services for domestic PRC citizens, or travel by persons from the other regions of the PRC to Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan. In addition, investors are only permitted to establish one foreign-controlled or wholly-owned travel agency and, other than its head office, foreign-invested travel agencies are not allowed to open branch offices.
Regulation of Foreign Currency Exchange and Dividend Distribution
Foreign currency exchange. The principal regulation governing foreign currency exchange in China is the Foreign Currency Administration Rules (1996), as amended in 1997. Under these rules, the Renminbi is freely convertible for trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not for direct investment, loans or investments in securities outside China without the prior approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the Peoples Republic of China, or SAFE.
Pursuant to the Foreign Currency Administration Rules, foreign-invested enterprises in China may purchase foreign exchange without the approval of SAFE for trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions by providing commercial documents evidencing these transactions. They may also retain foreign exchange, subject to a cap approved by SAFE, to satisfy foreign exchange liabilities or to pay dividends. However, the relevant Chinese government authorities may limit or eliminate the ability of foreign-invested enterprises to purchase and retain foreign currencies in the future. In addition, foreign exchange transactions for direct investment, loan and investment in securities outside China are still subject to limitations and require approvals from SAFE.
Dividend distribution. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends by foreign-invested companies include:
| the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Law (2001); |
| the Regulations of Implementation of the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Law (2001); |
| the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law (2000); and |
| the Regulations of Implementation of the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law (2001). |
Under these regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreign owned enterprises in China are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds unless such reserve funds have reached 50% of their respective registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.
In addition, our affiliated Chinese entities are required to allocate 10% of their respective after-tax profits to their respective statutory common reserve, unless such statutory common reserve amounts to over 50% of the entitys registered capital. After the entities have allocated to their statutory common reserve from their after-tax profits, they may, upon a resolution adopted at shareholders meeting, allocate to a discretionary common reserve from their after-tax profits.
The new PRC Corporate Income Tax Law, (the CIT Law), which became effective on January 1, 2008, provides that a maximum income tax rate of 20% may be applicable to dividends payable to non-PRC investors that are non-resident enterprises, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC, and the State Council has reduced such rate to 10% through the Implementation Rules for the CIT Law, which were issued in November 2007 and became effective on January 1, 2008. We are a Cayman Islands holding company and substantially all of our income may be derived from dividends we receive from our affiliated Chinese entities. Thus, dividends paid to us by our affiliated Chinese entities in the PRC may be subject to the 10% income tax if we are considered as a non-resident enterprise under the CIT Law.
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Employment Contract Law of the PRC
The new Employment Contract Law of the PRC became effective on January 1, 2008. In general, the new law expands the rights and protections of employees and provides long-term job security to employees. For example, the new law requires employers to provide written employment contracts to their employees within one month after the employment relationship is established. If an employer fails to enter into a written contract with an employee within the one-month period, the employer must pay to the employee twice his/her salary until a written contract is concluded. The new law also requires employers to provide a severance payment to their employees after their employment relationships are terminated, except under a limited number of specified circumstances.
4C: Organizational Structure
We are an indirect subsidiary of Expedia, Inc. (Nasdaq: EXPE), which is an online travel company, that provides business and leisure travelers with the tools and information to efficiently research, plan, book and experience travel. Expedia, Inc. controls 95% of our voting power.
eLong, Inc. is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. eLong, Inc.s direct subsidiaries consist of three wholly-owned subsidiaries, eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., or eLong Information, which is incorporated in the PRC, Bravado Investments Limited, or Bravado, which is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, and Shanghai Xinwang Computer Technology Co., Ltd., or Fortune Trip, which is incorporated in the PRC.
Foreign ownership in Internet content provision, call center, air ticketing and travel agency businesses is subject to significant restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations. As a result, our subsidiary eLong Information conducts operations in China through a series of contractual arrangements with our affiliated Chinese entities, which hold the licenses and permits required to conduct our business. These affiliated Chinese entities include:
| Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd., or Beijing Information, which holds a license for Internet content provision services (or ICP license), a license for call center services, and a license for value added telecommunications services (or SP license) which provides us the right to conduct wireless services including but not limited to short messaging services and multimedia messaging services. |
| Beijing eLong Air Services Co., Ltd., or Beijing Air, which holds domestic and international air ticketing licenses. |
| Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd., or Beijing Media, which is licensed to provide advertising services. |
| Beijing eLong International Travel Co., Ltd., or Beijing Travel, which holds domestic and international (inbound/outbound) travel agency licenses. |
| Hangzhou eLong Air Service Co., Ltd., or Hangzhou Air, which holds domestic and international air ticketing licenses. |
| Beijing XICI Interactive Information Technology Co. Ltd. or XICI ICP, which plans to apply for an ICP license and a special Bulletin Board System (BBS) permit. |
Beijing Information as holder of an ICP and SP license is subject to separate annual inspections in order to maintain these licenses. The Beijing Information ICP license will expire in December 2010, and the SP license in November 2009, but both may be renewed upon application.
On July 30, 2007, Linda Dong and Thomas Zheng entered into an equity interest transfer agreement under which Ms. Dong transferred all her equity interest in Beijing Media to Mr. Zheng.
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On December 28, 2007, Thomas Zheng and Guangfu Cui entered into an equity interest transfer agreement under which Mr. Zheng transferred all his equity interest in Beijing Media to Mr. Cui.
As of April 30, 2008, Justin Tang, one of the members of our board of directors, Raymond Huang, our former Investor Relations Manager, and Veronica Chen, our former Director of Finance, own 75%, 12.5% and 12.5%, respectively, of Beijing Information as our nominees; Mr. Tang and Guangfu Cui, own 75% and 25% respectively, of Beijing Media as our nominees; Beijing Information and Beijing Media own 80% and 20%, respectively, of Beijing Air; Beijing Information and Beijing Air own 70% and 30%, respectively, of Beijing Travel; Beijing Air owns 100% of Hangzhou Air; and Beijing Information owns 100% of Beijing XICI. We are in the process of replacing certain nominee shareholders (Veronica Chen and Raymond Huang) with certain employees approved by our board of directors and senior management.
4D: Property and Equipment
We do not own any real estate, and lease all of our facilities. Our headquarters in Beijing, consisting of our administrative center, sales and marketing division, technical services department and call center, is located in a leased space of approximately 9,676 square meters at Tower A, B and C, Xingke Plaza, 10 Middle Jiuxianqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100016, PRC. We lease the premises for our headquarters under a number of leases, the most significant of which expire in November 2008. The leases provide us with an option to renew for an additional two-year term with a rental increase agreed at a modest percentage increase over the current rent. We also maintain branch and sales offices in major cities in China including Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Chengdu. We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current needs and that additional space will be available to accommodate our future expansion.
Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. See Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements. We caution you that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information provided under Item 3. Key Information on the CompanyRisk Factors in this annual report.
OVERVIEW
We are a leading online travel service provider in China. We provide our customers with consolidated travel information and the ability to book rooms, air tickets and other travel related services utilizing a centralized modern call center and web-based distribution technologies.
Major Factors Affecting the Travel Industry
A variety of factors affect the travel industry in China, and hence our results of operations and financial condition, including:
The growth in the overall economy and demand for travel services in China. We expect that our financial results will continue to be affected by the overall growth of the economy and demand for travel services in China. We anticipate that demand for travel services in China will continue to increase substantially in the foreseeable future as the economy in China continues to grow.
Seasonality in the travel service industry. The travel service industry is characterized by seasonal fluctuations and accordingly our revenues may vary from quarter to quarter. We typically generate a larger portion of our revenues in the second half of the year. The first quarter of each year generally contributes the smallest portion of our annual revenues due to reduced business activity during the Chinese New Year holiday. Our results in the future may be affected by seasonal fluctuations in the use of our services by our customers.
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Disruptions in the travel industry. Individual travelers tend to modify their travel plans based on the occurrence of events such as:
| the outbreak of serious epidemics such as the March 2003 outbreak of SARS or a significant outbreak of the avian influenza A H5N1 virus (or the bird flu); |
| travel-related accidents; |
| bad weather; |
| natural disasters; |
| threats of war or incidents of terrorism; |
| general economic downturns; and |
| increased prices in the hotel, airline or other travel-related industries. |
OPERATING RESULTS
Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Revenues. Our revenues are generated predominantly through our hotel reservation and, to a lesser extent, air ticketing businesses. We act as agents for the travel services that we provide, and recognize the commissions that we earn. We have experienced year-over-year increases in revenue of 39% and 19% from 2005 to 2006 and from 2006 to 2007, respectively. Our increase in revenues from 2006 to 2007 was due to the ongoing growth of the China travel market and our development of our hotel and air ticketing business, including improvements in our service platform and product offerings and acquiring more customers.
Because we generally do not pre-purchase the travel services that we book for our customers, we do not carry inventory risk.
The table below sets forth the revenues from our principal lines of business for the periods indicated.
Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
(in thousands of RMB, except percentage data) | |||||||||||||||
Revenues |
|||||||||||||||
Hotel reservation commissions(1) |
151,990 | 80 | % | 209,275 | 79 | % | 240,803 | 76 | % | ||||||
Air ticketing commissions(2) |
23,773 | 13 | 38,288 | 15 | 57,456 | 18 | |||||||||
Other travel revenue(3) |
2,696 | 1 | 8,398 | 3 | 5,588 | 2 | |||||||||
Total travel revenue |
178,459 | 94 | 255,961 | 97 | 303,847 | 96 | |||||||||
Non travel(4) |
11,870 | 6 | 8,583 | 3 | 11,550 | 4 | |||||||||
190,329 | 100 | % | 264,544 | 100 | % | 315,397 | 100 | % |
(1) |
Revenues from our hotel reservation services are determined by the number of room nights we book and the commissions we earn. Our customers pay the hotels directly, and we collect our commissions based on the number of room nights our customers stay. Under our agreements with some of the hotels, we receive an escalating commission rate that is subject to specified performance targets such as the number of room nights booked during a defined period. Our commission from hotel reservation services is recognized after hotel customers have completed their stay at the hotel. We also confirm with the hotel the customers stay. Because we act as an agent in transactions with no risk of losses due to obligations for cancelled visits, we recognize our revenues from hotel transactions on a net basis in our statements of operations. |
(2) |
Air ticketing. Revenues derived from our air ticketing service currently represent the second largest component of our travel-related revenues. We conduct our air ticketing business through contractual arrangements with our affiliated Chinese entities as well as local agents for the issuance and delivery of air |
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tickets and collection of air ticketing fares. Commissions from air-ticketing services rendered are recognized upon the delivery of the ticket to the customer, net of estimated cancellations. Contracts with certain airlines contain discretionary escalating commissions that are subject to achieving specific performance targets. Such escalating commissions are recognized on a cash basis because we cannot reasonably estimate such commissions. |
(3) |
Other travel revenue related services for 2005, 2006 and the first half of 2007 primarily includes vacation packages revenue. The vacation packages business was suspended in July 2007. |
(4) |
Non travel revenue for 2005, 2006 and 2007 primarily includes Internet advertising revenue. |
Going forward, we plan to continue to focus growth on our travel revenues from our core businesses, hotel reservations and air ticketing.
Our December 31, 2007 accounts receivable balance mainly represents amounts from our travel suppliers, delivery companies and credit card companies. We perform periodic credit evaluations of the financial condition of our suppliers. We make provisions for doubtful accounts, individually and collectively, based on an assessment of the recoverability of individual accounts by considering the age of the receivable, our historical write-off experience and the general credit history of the supplier. The increase in accounts receivable, to RMB41.1 million (US$5.64 million) as of December 31, 2007 from RMB28.2 million as of December 31, 2006, was due mainly to increases in our hotel and air ticketing business.
We receive commissions from our suppliers based on the number of hotel room nights and air tickets that we book. As we increase our revenues and the number of hotel and air suppliers with whom we have relationships, we expect our accounts receivable from our suppliers to increase. We have taken steps to enforce an accounts receivable collection policy and typically require our hotel and air agent suppliers to pay the balances due to us within 30 to 60 days.
Cost of services. Cost of services consists primarily of payroll compensation, share-based compensation, telecommunications expenses, rent and related overhead expenses, credit card handling fee, air ticket delivery costs incurred by call centers, and service platform costs which are directly attributable to the provision of our travel services and non travel services. For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, cost of services accounted for 22%, 25% and 28% of our total net revenues, respectively. Because these costs are largely variable in nature, we expect that cost of services in future periods will generally increase in line with our expanding business operations.
Operating expenses. Operating expenses primarily consist of service development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses.
Service development expenses primarily consist of expenses we incur to develop our transaction and service platform, expenses to maintain, monitor and manage websites and hotel and air product teams. We expect service development expenses to increase as we continue to upgrade our transaction platform, increase investment in technology, websites and air and hotel products. As a result of the growth in business and the suspension of our vacation package product, our service development expenses as a percentage of our total net revenues were 20%, 17%, and 16% for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Sales and marketing expenses include advertising expenses, commissions to co-marketers and resellers, expenses associated with the production of marketing materials and loyalty program, and the payroll and other expenses for marketing personnel. Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of our total net revenues were 52%, 40% and 43% for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The increase in 2007 is largely a result of increased sales commission paid to third party distribution partners, such as China Telecom and China Netcom, in line with revenue growth in this distribution channel, and increased online marketing effort as compared to previous years.
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General and administrative expenses primarily include finance, legal, human resources and executive office expenses. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of our total net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007 decreased to 17% from 25% for the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily because of a decrease in incentive and share-based compensation. We expect in the future that as we continue to grow our business, general and administrative costs will increase in absolute terms. In addition, we expect our general and administrative costs to increase in absolute terms as we increase the compensation of our senior management in accordance with our employment contracts with these employees. See Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and EmployeesEmployment Agreements with Executive Officers for more details regarding our compensation arrangement with each of the senior members of our management team.
We participate in various government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plans. Our government-mandated contributions include unemployment insurance, medical insurance, pension benefits and housing assistance. We are required to make contributions to these plans at a stated contribution rate based on monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. Under these plans, we have no obligation to provide retirement benefits beyond the contributions we have made. Contributions to these plans are expensed as incurred. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we contributed RMB12.6 million, RMB16.2 million and RMB17.8 million (US$2.4 million), respectively, to various government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution.
During the third quarter of fiscal 2005, we recognized a one-time non-cash write-down of goodwill and intangible assets of RMB17.5 million, which related to Raytime, a company we acquired in November 2004 and sold in May 2006. During 2007, we recognized an impairment of property and equipment of RMB0.5 million (US$0.1 million), which related to vacation package business that we suspended in July 2007 and a one-time impairment of intangible assets of RMB0.5 million (US$0.1million) which related to Fortune Trips customer list.
During the year ended December 31, 2007 we recorded in other income (expense) exchange losses of RMB65.8 million (US$9.0 million) as compared to RMB33 million in 2006. The exchange loss was a result of the Renminbi appreciation against the US dollar and was derived from the translation of our US dollar-denominated cash deposits into Renminbi for financial reporting purposes. This exchange loss was partially offset by interest income of RMB55.5 million (US$7.6 million) for fiscal 2007.
Under PRC law, our services related revenues are subject to a 5% business tax. In addition, our advertising service revenues are subject to a cultural development surcharge of 3% of such advertising service revenues. Both of these items are captured in Business tax and surcharges in the table below under Results of Operations.
Income tax. Because we, our subsidiaries and our affiliated Chinese entities are incorporated in different jurisdictions, we file separate income tax returns. In May 2004, we reincorporated our corporate domicile in the Cayman Islands. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, we were and are exempt from income tax. In addition, there are no withholding taxes in the Cayman Islands.
In accordance with the Income Tax Law of China for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises, all of our subsidiaries and affiliated Chinese entities, except for eLong Information and Beijing Information, were subject to enterprise income tax, or EIT, at a rate of 33% for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
On March 16, 2007, the PRC government passed the new CIT Law, which imposes a unified CIT rate of 25% for both domestic enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises and took effect on January 1, 2008. The impact of the changes in tax rates on our deferred taxes is recognized in 2007, when the CIT Law was enacted.
eLong Information obtained the status of a High New Technology Development Enterprise in 2006, which status has entitled it to an income tax rate of 15% since January 1, 2006. This status will be subject to review under new government standards for a High New Technology Development Enterprise under the CIT Law, but the relevant government authority has not started the review process yet. eLong Information will be entitled to the 15% income tax rate only upon approval by the relevant government authority.
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Beijing Information also obtained the status of a High New Technology Development Enterprise in 2002, which entitled it to an income tax rate of 15% until December 31, 2008. Beijing Information was then granted preferential tax treatment at a reduced income tax rate of 7.5% for 2004, 2005 and 2006. As of January 1, 2007, Beijing Informations income tax rate returned to 15%. This status, too, will be subject to review under the new government standards for a High New Technology Development Enterprise under the CIT Law. Beijing Information will be entitled to the 15% income tax rate only upon approval by the relevant government authority.
Acquisitions and Disposals
In November 2004, we completed the purchase of 80% of the outstanding equity interest of Raytime Consultants Limited (Raytime), which through its wholly-owned PRC subsidiary Golden VIP is a leading operator of hotel loyalty programs in China, for an aggregate purchase price of up to RMB27.8 million, including a total fixed cash consideration of RMB16.5 million and contingent consideration of up to RMB11.3 million subject to the satisfaction of certain post-closing financial milestones in 2005 and 2006. We recorded impairment losses of approximately RMB17 million on the goodwill and intangible assets related to Raytime during 2005. In May 2006, we sold all of our outstanding equity interest of Raytime back to the original sellers. The payment of such purchase price was made as an offset against the amounts we owed to the original sellers in connection with our acquisition of Raytime in November 2004. We recognized a gain of RMB 2,649,682 in 2006 as a result of such sale, which was reported an income from discontinued operations.
On July 7, 2005, we completed the purchase from Sina Corp. of all of the outstanding equity interests of Fortune Trip and Bravado. Fortune Trip and Bravado are together principally engaged in the business of providing online and offline hotel reservation and air-ticketing services in the PRC. The total purchase price for Fortune Trip and Bravado was US$2,567,637, plus capitalized acquisition costs of RMB1,394,134. The total purchase price excluded (i) consideration of $375,000 that was contingent upon certain employment conditions, and (ii) a contingent adjustment to the net asset value according to the finalization of certain assumed liabilities. During 2006 the employment condition was not met, and as a result we were not required to pay the US$375,000. The adjustment to the net asset value was RMB 563,786, and was recorded as additional purchase consideration upon its payment in December 2006.
In September 2006, we entered into an asset purchase agreement and a cooperation agreement with Match.com (and two Match subsidiaries), or Match, for disposition of our online dating business operated under the name eDodo. The total purchase price for the disposition was US$14,625,000. The disposition was effective in October 2006 at which time the purchased assets and employees were transferred to the purchasers and 90% of the purchase price was paid to us by Match.com. The remaining 10% of the purchase price was placed in escrow and will be released 18 months from the closing subject to satisfaction of agreed upon conditions. The agreements contain confidentiality and non-compete provisions. The cooperation agreement provides for general support services, including technology, human resources, finance, payroll, and legal, to be provided by us to the Match parties at market rates, based on time records to be provided by us. In addition, during the 18 month term of the cooperation agreement, we are obligated to provide, at no additional charge to the Match parties, billing support services.
Match.com is a wholly owned subsidiary of IAC/InterActiveCorp (IAC) . Barry Diller is the Chairman and chief executive officer of IAC. Under the terms of a stockholders agreement between Mr. Diller and Liberty Media Corporation, Mr. Diller holds an irrevocable proxy to vote shares of IAC stock beneficially owned by Liberty Media. By virtue of the proxy, as well as through shares owned by Mr. Diller directly, Mr. Diller generally has the ability to control the outcome of all matters submitted to a vote of IACs stockholders (except with regard to certain specified matters). Expedia, through Expedia Asia Pacific, is the indirect owner of approximately 52% of our outstanding shares on a fully-diluted basis and holds approximately 95% of our voting power. Mr. Diller is also Expedias Chairman and Senior Executive and, by virtue of a similar stockholders agreement with Liberty Media that grants him an irrevocable proxy to vote shares of Expedia stock beneficially owned by Liberty Media and as well as by virtue of shares he owns directly, Mr. Diller also generally has the
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ability to control the outcome of all matters submitted to a vote of Expedias stockholders (except with regard to certain specified matters). The buyer (Match) and seller (eLong) in the transaction therefore are considered entities under common control for US GAAP purposes. The eDodo asset transfer to Match.com and subsidiaries are thus accounted for as a transfer of assets to a company under common control. Accordingly, no gain was recognized as a result of the transfer and the excess of net sale proceeds over the carrying value of the net assets sold RMB 94.17 million is recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital. The results of operations of the eDodo business have been presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Critical Accounting Policies
The discussion and analysis of our operating results and financial condition are based on our audited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our operating results and financial condition are sensitive to assumptions and estimates that underlie the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We base our assumptions and estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable and which form the basis for making judgments about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our management evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates as facts, circumstances and conditions change or as a result of different assumptions.
Our management considers the following factors in reviewing our financial statements:
| the selection of critical accounting policies; and |
| the judgments and other uncertainties affecting the application of those critical accounting policies. |
The selection of critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors to be considered when reviewing our consolidated financial statements. Our principal accounting policies are set forth in detail in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Depreciation. Our property and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, after taking into account their estimated residual value. We review periodically our policies with regard to the estimated useful lives of the assets The useful lives are based on our historical experience with similar assets and taking into account anticipated technological changes.
Impairment of long-lived assets. We review periodically the carrying amounts of long-lived assets, including property, equipment and definitive lived intangible assets, to assess whether they are impaired. We test these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. When such a decline has occurred, we adjust the carrying amount to the recoverable amount. We measure the recoverability of assets by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. In determining estimates of future cash flows, significant judgment in terms of projection of future cash flows and other assumptions is required. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. The fair value is determined based upon a combination of multiple of earnings and future cash flows.
Impairment of goodwill and certain intangible assets. We test annually whether goodwill and intangible assets, which are not subject to amortization, have been impaired. Such tests are performed more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. We evaluate the recoverability of goodwill using a two-step impairment test approach at the reporting unit level. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the reporting units carrying amount, including the amount of the goodwill, exceeds the reporting
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units fair value. Where quoted market prices are not available, fair value is determined using valuation techniques such as discounted cash flows and earnings and revenue multiples. The impairment test on an intangible asset that is not subject to amortization consists of a comparison of the fair value of an intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
Provision for doubtful accounts. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated probable losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We base our estimates on the aging of our accounts receivable balance, customer credit-worthiness, and historical write-off experience. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, actual write-offs might be higher than expected, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition through the recording of a higher level of provisions. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company wrote off provisions for accounts receivables of RMB 4.0 million which were aged one year or longer which were deemed to be uncollectable after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
Deferred income tax. Deferred income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
In accordance with SFAS No. 109 Accounting for Income Taxes, the tax benefits associated with the utilization of pre-acquisition net operating losses carryforwards for which a valuation allowance was established at the date of the acquisition are recognized in the consolidated financial statements after the acquisition date as follows: (i) first to reduce to zero any goodwill related to the acquisition; (ii) second to reduce to zero other non-current intangible assets related to the acquisition; and (iii) third to reduce income tax expense. We reduced goodwill by RMB 4,083,112 in 2006 and nil for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2007, respectively, for the utilization of acquired tax benefits for which a valuation allowance was previously established. The amount of valuation allowance associated with pre-acquisition net operating losses of RMB 610,584 as of December 31, 2007 will be recorded as a reduction of goodwill if recognized in future years.
Provision for loyalty points. Cardholders of our eLong membership program can earn loyalty points based on their usage of the cards. We award travel services and other non-cash gifts to the cardholders upon the redemption of loyalty points that are accumulated based on the cardholders transactions. Due to the limited history of the loyalty points reward program, we cannot make reasonable and reliable estimates of the forfeiture levels of loyalty points. Therefore, we recognize estimated costs to provide free travel and other non-cash gifts based on historical redemption rates and recognize such costs as sales and marketing expenses in the statements of operations. The liabilities for loyalty points are reduced upon the redemption or expiration of the loyalty points. If actual redemption rates differ significantly from our estimates, it will result in an adjustment to our liabilities and the corresponding expenses.
Share-based compensation. We have adopted SFAS No. 123R. Under the fair value based method, compensation cost related to employee stock options and similar equity instruments is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized over the requisite service period, which is usually the vesting period. We determine fair value using the Black-Scholes model. Under this model, certain assumptions, including the risk-free interest rate, the expected life of the options and the estimated fair value of our ordinary shares and the expected volatility, are required to determine the fair value of the options. Forfeitures are estimated at the date of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from
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initial estimates. If different assumptions had been used, the fair value of the options, net of estimated forfeitures, would have been different from the amount we computed and recorded, which would have resulted in either an increase or decrease in the compensation cost. We have increased the estimated forfeiture rate due to the high turnover in senior management in 2007. Stock-based compensation awards which are settled in cash upon vesting are classified as liabilities and included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. Compensation cost related to liability-classified awards, is determined based on the current share price and other pertinent factors at grant date, and the proportionate amount of the requisite service that has been rendered to date.
We account for equity instruments issued to non-employee vendors in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R and Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, Issue No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services. All transactions in which goods or services are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date of the fair value of the equity instrument issued is the date on which the counterpartys performance is complete. We believe that our assumptions, including the risk-free interest rate and expected life used to determine fair value, are appropriate. However, if different assumptions had been used, the fair value of the equity instruments issued to non-employee vendors would have been different from the amount we computed and recorded, which would have resulted in either an increase or decrease in the associated compensation cost.
Revenue recognition. Our revenues are principally derived from the provision of travel services, including hotel reservation, air ticketing and other related travel services. Commissions from air-ticketing services rendered are recognized upon the delivery of the ticket to the customer, net of estimated cancellations. Estimated cancellations were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007. We describe our revenue recognition policies in our consolidated financial statements. We believe our revenue recognition policies are consistent with Staff Accounting Bulleting No. 104, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements and EITF 99-19 Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal Versus Net as an Agent. As we operate as an agent of our travel suppliers, we have no risk of loss due to obligations for cancelled services. As such, we are not the primary obligor in the travel reservation services and we therefore recognize commissions on a net basis.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain information relating to our results of operations as of the dates and for the periods indicated:
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2007 | |||||||||
RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Travel |
178,459,309 | 255,960,988 | 303,846,548 | 41,653,627 | ||||||||
Other |
11,869,843 | 8,582,692 | 11,550,123 | 1,583,380 | ||||||||
Total revenues |
190,329,152 | 264,543,680 | 315,396,671 | 43,237,007 | ||||||||
Business tax and surcharges |
10,487,647 | 14,702,612 | 17,810,292 | 2,441,572 | ||||||||
Net revenues |
179,841,505 | 249,841,068 | 297,586,379 | 40,795,435 | ||||||||
Cost of services |
40,446,988 | 62,245,355 | 82,497,585 | 11,309,405 | ||||||||
Gross profit |
139,394,517 | 187,595,713 | 215,088,794 | 29,486,030 | ||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Service development |
36,297,589 | 41,921,653 | 48,602,279 | 6,662,775 | ||||||||
Sales and marketing |
93,184,664 | 99,091,184 | 126,971,094 | 17,406,176 | ||||||||
General and administrative |
55,506,942 | 61,534,710 | 52,005,466 | 7,129,310 | ||||||||
Amortization of intangibles |
634,055 | 1,060,000 | 1,060,000 | 145,313 | ||||||||
Write-down of property and equipment and intangible assets |
| | 1,038,896 | 142,420 | ||||||||
Loss from operations |
(46,228,733 | ) | (16,011,834 | ) | (14,588,941 | ) | (1,999,964 | ) | ||||
Other income (expenses): |
||||||||||||
Interest income |
30,940,838 | 51,429,793 | 55,470,781 | 7,604,361 | ||||||||
Foreign exchange loss |
(25,862,167 | ) | (33,016,052 | ) | (65,819,578 | ) | (9,023,055 | ) | ||||
Other expense, net |
(531,318 | ) | (10,775 | ) | 131,630 | 18,045 | ||||||
Total other income (expenses), net |
4,547,353 | 18,402,966 | (10,217,167 | ) | (1,400,649 | ) | ||||||
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense |
(41,681,380 | ) | 2,391,132 | (24,806,108 | ) | (3,400,613 | ) | |||||
Income tax expense |
1,603,154 | 2,835,259 | 885,343 | 121,369 | ||||||||
Loss from continuing operations |
(43,284,534 | ) | (444,127 | ) | (25,691,451 | ) | (3,521,982 | ) | ||||
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations before income tax (including gain on disposal of RMB 2,649,682 in 2006) |
(16,934,889 | ) | 1,226,768 | 112,260 | 15,389 | |||||||
Income tax expense of discontinued operations |
298,236 | 24,302 | 8,420 | 1,154 | ||||||||
Total earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes |
(17,233,125 | ) | 1,202,466 | 103,840 | 14,235 | |||||||
Net earning (loss) before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |
(60,517,659 | ) | 758,339 | (25,587,611 | ) | (3,507,747 | ) | |||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |
| 282,072 | | | ||||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
(60,517,659 | ) | 1,040,411 | (25,587,611 | ) | (3,507,747 | ) |
Certain of the prior year comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current years presentation, including a reclassification of business tax and related charges from component of operating expenses to a reduction of revenue (net basis) to reflect the adoption of EITF 06-3. |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 have been adjusted from previously issued financial statements to correct the following immaterial errors. |
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1) |
As of December 31, 2006, the Group accrued income tax and business tax liabilities in relation to expenses for which, based on the Groups estimate and then available information, the related tax-qualified invoices were not expected to be collected and therefore not deductible for tax purposes. Subsequent to December 31, 2006 and prior to the issuance of the 2006 financial statements, the Group collected the majority of the tax qualified invoices and therefore such expenses were deductible for tax purpose as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006. The effect of this adjustment for the year ended December 31, 2006 is to decrease income tax expense by RMB1.6 million, decrease income taxes payable by RMB2.0 million, and decrease by RMB 0.4 million each of the following: statement of operations line item, business tax and surcharges, and balance sheet line items, prepaid expenses and other current assets, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
2) |
In 2007, we re-evaluated our accounting for the mirror options granted to Expedia Asia Pacific, an entity controlled by Expedia, Inc., and concluded that the Expedia Asia Pacific options should be classified as a liability and re-measured to their fair value each reporting period until settlement. As a result, we revised the previously issued financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 to correct an immaterial error corresponding to our accounting for 260,204 Expedia Asia Pacific mirror options. The impact of the adjustment to the consolidated financial statements and related notes reported in the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 is included in Note (3) to the consolidated financial statements. |
2007 Compared to 2006
Revenues. The following table sets forth certain information relating to our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007.
Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | % growth |
|||||||||||||
RMB | % of revenues |
RMB | US$ | % of revenues |
|||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentage data) | |||||||||||||||
Revenues |
|||||||||||||||
Hotel commissions |
209,275 | 79 | % | 240,803 | 33,011 | 76 | % | 15 | % | ||||||
Air ticketing commissions |
38,288 | 15 | % | 57,456 | 7,877 | 18 | % | 50 | % | ||||||
Other travel revenue |
8,398 | 3 | % | 5,588 | 766 | 2 | % | -33 | % | ||||||
Total travel revenue |
255,961 | 97 | % | 303,847 | 41,654 | 96 | % | 19 | % | ||||||
Non travel |
8,583 | 3 | % | 11,550 | 1,583 | 4 | % | 35 | % | ||||||
Total revenues |
264,544 | 100 | % | 315,397 | 43,237 | 100 | % | 19 | % | ||||||
The following table sets forth the number of room nights booked and the average commission per room night, as well as the number of air tickets sold, for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007.
Year ended December 31, | |||||||
2006 | 2007 | % growth |
|||||
Number of room nights booked |
3,251,000 | 3,711,000 | 14 | % | |||
Average commission per room night (RMB) |
64 | 65 | 2 | % | |||
Number of air tickets sold |
1,006,000 | 1,416,000 | 41 | % | |||
Average commission per air ticket (RMB) |
38 | 41 | 8 | % |
For the year ended December 31, 2007, we generated revenues of RMB315.4 million (US$43.2 million), an increase of 19% over RMB264.5 million in revenues generated in the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was attributable to a 19% year on year increase in our travel revenue and 35% year on year increase in our non travel revenue.
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The 2006 to 2007 year on year changes in our travel revenue which consists of hotel, air and other travel are explained below.
The increase in our hotel reservations revenues from RMB209.3 million in 2006 to RMB240.8 million (US$33.0 million) in 2007, a year on year growth of 15% reflects an increase in the number of hotel room nights we booked from 3,251,000 in 2006 to 3,711,000 in 2007 and an improvement in the revenue per room from RMB64 in 2006 to RMB65 (US$8.9) in 2007. The increase in the number of hotel room nights was due to eLongs enlarged customer base, which includes both old and new customers, increases in revenue from our co-marketing partners including China Telecom and China Netcom. We also increased our product offerings from approximately 3,505 hotels at December 31, 2006 to over 4,800 hotels at December 31, 2007. Our revenue per room increased from RMB64 in 2006 to RMB65 (US$8.9) in 2007, a year on year growth of 2%.
Air ticketing. The increases in our air ticketing commission revenues from RMB38.3 million in 2006 to RMB57.5 million (US$7.9 million) in 2007, a year on year growth of 50%, was mainly attributable to an increase in the number of air tickets booked which increased from 1,006,000 in 2006 to more than 1,416,000 in 2007, and an increase in revenue per ticket from RMB38 in 2006 to RMB41 (US$5.6) in 2007. Air continued to be an important focus for eLong in 2007 and the 2007 growth was the result of continuing investment in technology and improvement in call center and customer service including the launch of a 24-hour air ticket booking service during 2007.
Other revenues. Our other travel revenues decreased from RMB8.4 million in 2006 to RMB5.6 million in 2007 (US$0.8 million) mainly due to we suspended vacation package business in July 2007. Our non travel services revenues increased from RMB8.6 million in 2006 to RMB11.6 million (US$1.6 million) in 2007 mainly due to an increase in the internet advertising revenue.
Business tax and surcharges. We recorded more business taxes and surcharges in 2007 compared to 2006 due to increases in our revenues. Business tax was 5.6% of total revenue in both years of 2006 and 2007.
Cost of services and gross profit. For the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, our cost of services as a percentage of revenue was 25% and 28% of our total net revenues respectively. The three percent reduction in our gross margin from 75% in 2006 to 72% in 2007 was primarily due to increased investments in our hotel and air call center to improve our service level and because our air ticketing services, which have a lower gross margin than our hotel business, accounted for a larger percentage of our revenue in 2007 as compared to 2006.
Operating expenses. The following table sets forth a breakdown of our operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007.
Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||
RMB(1) | % of net revenues |
RMB | US$ | % of net revenues |
% growth |
||||||||||
(in thousands, except for percentage data) | |||||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
|||||||||||||||
Service development |
41,922 | 17 | % | 48,602 | 6,663 | 16 | % | 16 | % | ||||||
Sales and marketing |
99,091 | 40 | 126,971 | 17,406 | 43 | 28 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
61,535 | 25 | 52,006 | 7,130 | 18 | -15 | |||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
1,060 | | 1,060 | 145 | | | |||||||||
Write-down of property and equipment and intangible assets |
| | 1,039 | 142 | | N/A | |||||||||
Total operating expenses |
203,608 | 82 | % | 229,678 | 31,486 | 77 | % | 13 | % |
(1) |
Certain of the prior year comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current years presentation |
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Our operating expenses in 2007 increased by 13% to RMB229.7 million (US$31.5 million) from RMB203.6 million in 2006 for the reasons explained below.
Service development. Our service development expenses primarily consist of expenses we incur to develop our transaction and service platform, expenses to maintain, monitor and manage our websites and our hotel, vacation package and air product teams. Our service development expenses increased 16% to RMB48.6 million (US$6.7 million) in 2007 from RMB41.9 million in 2006 primarily due to additional amounts we invested in our technology, website, hotel, and air product offerings. Our service development expenses were 16% of net revenues in 2007 as compared to 17% in 2006.
Sales and marketing. Our sales and marketing expenses include advertising expenses, commissions payable to our co-marketers and resellers, expenses associated with the production of marketing materials and our loyalty program, and the payroll and other expenses for our marketing personnel. In 2007, our sales and marketing expenses increased 28% to RMB 127.0 million (US$17.4 million) from RMB 99.1 million in 2006 which was mainly due to the increase in our business volume, as our 2007 revenue increased 19% from 2006. Our sales and marketing expenses increased for the year ended 2007 because of increased sales commission in line with revenue growth, and increased online marketing efforts as compared to previous years. Our sales and marketing expenses were 43% of net revenues in 2007 as compared to 40% in 2006.
General and administrative. Our general and administrative expenses primarily include finance, legal, human resources and executive office expenses. Our general and administrative expenses decreased 15% to RMB 52.0 million (US$7.1 million) in 2007 from RMB 61.5 million in 2006 primarily because of decrease in incentive and share-based compensation. Our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007 decreased to 18% compared to 25% for the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily because of increased revenues and decreased share-based compensation expense.
Other income (expense), net. We recorded net other expense of RMB 10.2 million (US$1.4 million) in 2007 compared to net other income of RMB 18.4 million in 2006. The net other expense in 2007 was primarily due to a foreign exchange loss of RMB 65.8 million (US$9.0 million) resulting from the appreciation of the Renminbi during the year. This exchange loss was partially offset by interest income of RMB 55.5 million (US$7.6 million) for fiscal 2007.
Income tax expense. We incurred a tax expense of RMB 0.9 million (US$0.1 million) in 2007, compared to a tax expense of RMB 2.8 million in 2006. The fluctuation in income tax expense from 2006 to 2007 is mainly because during 2006, the utilization of pre-acquisition net operation loss resulted in more income tax expenses while during 2007 a significant portion of our net loss is related to foreign exchange loss which is recorded in eLong, Inc., which is exempted from income tax.
Net loss. Net loss increased to RMB 25.6 million (US$3.5 million) in 2007 from RMB 1.0 million net earnings in 2006, as a result of the factors discussed above. We recorded a net loss applicable to ordinary shareholders of RMB 25.6 million (US$3.5 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007 and a net profit applicable to ordinary shareholders of RMB1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.
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2006 Compared to 2005
Revenues. The following table sets forth certain information relating to our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006.
Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
2005 | 2006 | %growth | |||||||||||
RMB(1) | % of revenues |
RMB(1) | % of revenues |
||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentage data) | |||||||||||||
Revenues |
|||||||||||||
Hotel commissions |
151,990 | 80 | % | 209,275 | 79 | % | 38 | % | |||||
Air ticketing commissions |
23,773 | 13 | 38,288 | 15 | 61 | % | |||||||
Other travel revenue |
2,696 | 1 | % | 8,398 | 3 | 211 | % | ||||||
Total travel revenue |
178,459 | 94 | 255,961 | 97 | 43 | % | |||||||
Non travel |
11,870 | 6 | 8,583 | 3 | -28 | % | |||||||
Total revenues |
190,329 | 100 | % | 264,544 | 100 | % | 39 | % | |||||
(1) |
Certain of the prior year comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current years presentation. |
The following table sets forth the number of room nights booked and the average commission per room night, as well as the number of air tickets sold for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006.
The number of room nights booked and the average commission per room night
Year ended December 31, | |||||||
2005 | 2006 | % growth |
|||||
Number of room nights booked |
2,537,000 | 3,251,000 | 28 | % | |||
Average commission per room night (RMB) |
60 | 64 | 7 | % | |||
Number of air tickets sold |
651,000 | 1,006,000 | 55 | % | |||
Average commission per air ticket (RMB) |
37 | 38 | 3 | % |
For the year ended December 31, 2006, we generated revenues of RMB 264.5 million, an increase of 39% over RMB 190.3 million in revenues generated in the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase was attributable to a 43% year on year increase in our travel revenue offset by 28% year on year decrease in our non travel revenue.
The 2005 to 2006 year on year changes in our travel revenue, which consists of hotel, air and other travel, are explained below.
The increase in our hotel reservations revenues from RMB 152.0 million in 2005 to RMB 209.3 million in 2006, a year on year growth of 38%, reflects an increase in the number of hotel room nights we booked, which increased from 2,537,000 in 2005 to 3,251,000 in 2006, and an improvement in the revenue per room from RMB 60 in 2005 to RMB 64 in 2006. The increase in the number of hotel room nights was due to eLongs enlarged customer base, which includes both old and new customers, increases in revenue from our co-marketing partners, including China Telecom and China Netcom, as well as our acquisition of Fortune Trip and Bravado in July 2005. We also increased our product offerings from approximately 3,000 hotels at December 31, 2005 to over 3,505 hotels at December 31, 2006. Our revenue per room increased from RMB 60 in 2005 to RMB 64 in 2006, a year on year growth of 7%.
The increases in our air ticketing commission revenues from RMB23.8 million in 2005 to RMB38.3 million in 2006, a year on year growth of 61%, was mainly attributable to an increase in the number of air tickets booked
38
which increased from 651,000 in 2005 to more than 1 million in 2006, and an increase in revenue per ticket from RMB37 in 2005 to RMB38 in 2006. Air continued to be an important focus for eLong in 2006 and the 2006 growth was the result of such focus and an investment in product, technology and marketing which began in 2004.
Our other travel revenues increased from RMB2.7 million in 2005 to RMB8.4 million in 2006, mainly due to the revenues earned via an Expedia-eLong shared inventory and service program of RMB3.1 million.
Our non travel services revenues decreased from RMB11.9 million in 2005 to RMB8.6 million in 2006, mainly due to a decline in our provision of wireless services.
Business tax and surcharges. We recorded more business taxes and surcharges in 2006 compared to 2005 due to increases in our revenues.
Cost of services and gross profit. Our cost of services consists primarily of payroll compensation, share based compensation, telecommunications expenses, rent and related overhead expenses, credit card charges, air ticket delivery costs incurred by our call centers and service platform which are directly attributable to the provision of our travel services and non travel services. For the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006, our cost of services as a percentage of net revenue was 22% and 25%, respectively, of our total net revenues. The three percent reduction in our gross margin from 78% in 2005 to 75% in 2006 was primarily due to increased investments in our hotel and air call center to improve our service level and because air, which has a lower gross margin than our hotel business, accounted for a larger percentage of our revenue in 2006 as compared to 2005. We had a gross profit of RMB187.6 million in 2006, an increase of 35% over RMB139.4 million in 2005.
Operating expenses. The following table sets forth a breakdown of our operating expenses for the two years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006.
Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
2005 | 2006 | % growth |
|||||||||||
RMB(1) | % of net revenues |
RMB(1) | % of net revenues |
||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentage data) | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
|||||||||||||
Service development |
36,298 | 20 | % | 41,922 | 17 | % | 15 | % | |||||
Sales and marketing |
93,185 | 52 | 99,091 | 40 | 6 | ||||||||
General and administrative |
55,507 | 31 | 61,535 | 25 | 11 | ||||||||
Amortization of intangibles |
634 | | 1,060 | | 67 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses |
185,624 | 103 | % | 203,608 | 82 | % | 10 | % | |||||
(1) |
Certain of the prior year comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current years presentation |
Our operating expenses in 2006 increased by 10% to RMB203.6 million from RMB185.6 million in 2005 for the reasons explained below.
Service development. Our service development expenses primarily consist of expenses we incur to develop our transaction and service platform, expenses to maintain, monitor and manage our websites and expenses of our hotel, vacation package and air product teams. Our service development expenses increased 15% to RMB41.9 million in 2006 from RMB36.3 million in 2005 primarily due to additional amounts we invested in our technology, website, hotel, air and vacation package product offerings. Our service development expenses were 17% of net revenues in 2006 as compared to 20% in 2005.
Sales and marketing. Our sales and marketing expenses include advertising expenses, commissions payable to our co-marketers and resellers, expenses associated with the production of marketing materials and our loyalty
39
program, and the payroll and other expenses for our marketing personnel. Our sales and marketing expenses increased 6% to RMB99.1 million in 2006 from RMB93.2 million in 2005, which mainly due to the increase in our business volume, as our 2006 revenue increased 39% from 2005. Our sales and marketing expenses increased for the year ended 2006 because we increased our promotion and marketing efforts in 2006 in order to increase our customer acquisition and brand awareness. These efforts included the distribution of more eLong membership cards, additional online marketing programs, increased spending on our customer loyalty program and other promotional activities. Our sales and marketing expenses were 40% of net revenues in 2006 as compared to 52% of net revenues in 2005, as we had some improvement in our marketing efficiencies.
General and administrative. Our general and administrative expenses primarily include finance, legal, human resources and executive office expenses. Our general and administrative expenses increased 11% to RMB61.5 million in 2006 from RMB55.5 million in 2005 primarily because of increased professional fees, which is consistent with the increase in our business volume as our 2006 revenue increased 39% from 2005. Our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased to 25% compared to 31% for the year ended December 31, 2005, primarily because of increased revenues, improved headcount management and other efficiencies.
Other income, net. We recorded other income of RMB18.4 million in 2006 compared to other income of RMB4.5 million in 2005. The increase in other income in 2006 was primarily due to an increase in interest income of RMB51.4 million partially offset by the net realized and unrealized foreign exchange loss of RMB33.0 million as a result of the Renminbi appreciation in 2006.
Income tax expense. We incurred a tax expense of RMB2.8 million in 2006, compared to RMB1.6 million in 2005. The fluctuation in income tax expense from 2005 to 2006 is due to utilization of pre-acquisition net operating losses in 2006 which resulted in increase in income tax expenses of RMB4 million. In addition, during 2005, a significant portion of our losses was related to foreign exchange loss which is recorded in eLong, Inc., which is exempted from income tax.
Income / loss from discontinued operations before income tax. We recorded income from discontinued operations of RMB1.2 million in 2006, compared to loss from discontinued operations of RMB 16.9 million in 2005. The discontinued operations information was presented to illustrate the sales of Raytime in May 2006 and of our online dating division in October 2006.
Net loss. Net earnings increased to RMB 1.0 million in 2006 from RMB 60.5 million net loss in 2005, as a result of the factors discussed above. We recorded a net earning available to ordinary shareholders of RMB1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and a net loss applicable to ordinary shareholders of RMB60.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
As of December 31, 2007, we had approximately RMB 1,138.4 million (US$156.1 million) in cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and liquid financial instruments with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased. We generally deposit our excess cash in interest bearing bank accounts.
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The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated.
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2007 | |||||||||
RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
30,478 | 76,554 | 42,349 | 5,806 | ||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
(32,813 | ) | 72,985 | (43,638 | ) | (5,982 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
404,058 | 95,140 | 7,355 | 1,008 | ||||||||
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash |
(23,210 | ) | (33,917 | ) | (66,943 | ) | (9,177 | ) | ||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
378,513 | 210,763 | (60,876 | ) | (8,345 | ) | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
610,047 | 988,560 | 1,199,323 | 164,412 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
988,560 | 1,199,323 | 1,138,447 | 156,067 | ||||||||
Operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was RMB42.3million (US$5.8 million) in 2007 compared to RMB76.6 million provided by operating activities in 2006 and compared to RMB30.5 million provided by operating activities in 2005. The level of cash generated by operating activities was lower in 2007 than in 2006 mainly due to increased spending on personnel due to increase in headcount and average labor cost and consulting services of RMB136 million (US$18.7 million) in 2007 compared to RMB108.7 million in 2006 and income tax payments of RMB14.2 million (US$2.0 million) mainly for income tax imposed on gain from disposal of a business in 2007. The level of cash generated by operating activities was higher in 2006 than in 2005 mainly as a result of positive working capital movements including a higher sales in cash and higher interest income in 2006 where we generated RMB 51.4 million in 2006 compared to RMB 30.9 million in 2005.
Investing activities. Our net cash used in investing activities was RMB43.6 million (US$6.0 million) in 2007 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of RMB73.0 million in 2006 and compared to net cash used in investing activities of RMB32.8 million in 2005. The change from cash inflow in 2006 to cash outflow in 2007 was mainly due to RMB102.6 million cash received of proceeds from disposal of business in 2006 and the cash used in 2007 was mainly for short-term investment of RMB19.1 million (US$2.6 million) and capital expenditure of RMB22.2 million (US$3.0 million). The change from cash outflow in 2005 to cash inflow in 2006 was mainly due to net cash proceeds received upon disposal of our online dating division of RMB102.6 million.
Financing activities. Our net cash provided by financing activities was RMB7.4 million (US$1.0 million) in 2007 compared to RMB95.1 million in 2006 and RMB404.1 million in 2005. The net cash from financing activities in 2007 is mainly from the exercise of stock option of RMB3.1 million (US$0.4 million) and proceeds received on behalf of related parties of RMB4.8 million (US$0.7 million). The increase in 2005 was due to Expedia Asia Pacifics investment in us offset by our repurchase of ordinary shares. The increase in 2006 in restricted cash released was due to cash released from escrow of US$9.7 million (including RMB25.9 million received on behalf of selling shareholders) compared to RMB24.0 million for proceeds from release of restricted cash in 2005. In 2006, we also received RMB26.7 million in share disposal proceeds on behalf of former shareholders, which were associated with the sale of ordinary shares by the selling shareholders to the public in our initial public offering.
Our capital expenditures totaled RMB19.9 million, RMB20.7 million and RMB22.2 million (US$3.0 million) in 2005, 2006, and 2007 respectively. Our capital expenditures relate primarily to purchases of computer equipment, servers and computer software to support the expansion of our business and renovations for additional office space.
We expect our capital expenditures in 2008 to amount to approximately RMB40 million (US$5.5 million). Capital expenditures in 2008 have been, and are expected to continue to be, funded through operating cash flows and through our existing capital resources.
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Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2007, our primary sources of liquidity were US$156.1 million in cash and cash equivalents. We have no outstanding bank loans or financial guarantees or similar commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of third parties. We believe that our available cash and anticipated future operating cash flows will be sufficient to fund currently anticipated liquidity needs in the near term. However, any projections of future cash inflows and outflows and any projections of the future state of the economy and travel industry conditions, which may have direct effect on our cash inflows, are subject to substantial uncertainty.
TREND INFORMATION
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that caused the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements, transactions or other relationships with unconsolidated entities. We do not have any outstanding derivative financial instruments, off-balance sheet guarantees or arrangements, interest rate swap transactions or foreign currency forward contracts. We do not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table presents our aggregate contractual obligations as of December 31, 2007 with payments due in the periods indicated and in the currency indicated:
Total Payments due | Less than 1 year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | More than 5 years | ||||||
Operating Lease Obligations(1) |
RMB10 million | RMB9 million | RMB0.9 million | RMB0.1 million | | |||||
Purchase Obligations(2) |
RMB2.6 million | RMB2.5 million | RMB0.1 million | | | |||||
Total |
RMB12.6 million | RMB11.5 million | RMB1 million | RMB0.1 million | |
(1) |
Includes future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases, including approximately nine lease payments on our branch offices, with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2007. In September 2007, we renewed four fourteen-month leasing agreements for 5,118 square meters of office space in Beijing for our headquarters. The annual payment under the lease is RMB4.5 million (US$0.6 million). In July and November 2007, we entered into two new lease agreements for 413 square meters of office space in Beijing for our headquarters. The annual payment under the lease is RMB182 thousand (US$25 thousand). For branches, our lease contract terms vary from six months to three years, and the total leased space under the agreements is 3,740 square meters of office space. The annual payment under the leases is RMB2.2 million (US$0.3 million). |
(2) |
We have outstanding purchase obligations totaling RMB2.6 million, which are primarily related to contracts for provision of services at airports and railway stations. We accrue the amount once the services are rendered by our service providers. The above table indicates our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2007, the actual payment amounts may differ as agreements are renegotiated, cancelled or terminated. |
INFLATION AND MONETARY RISK
Inflation in China has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in Consumer Price Index in China was 1.8%, 1.5 % and 4.8% in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The rate of inflation in China was markedly higher in late 2007 and
42
the first quarter of 2008 than in recent preceding years. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the increase in the Consumer Price Index in China for the months of January, February, March and April 2008 (compared to the same periods in 2007) was 7.1%, 8.7%, 8.3% and 8.5%, respectively. The scope and extent of inflation could adversely affect the Chinese economy, business and personal travel and our results of operations. See Item 3. Key information on the CompanyRisk FactorsRisk related to Doing Business in the Peoples Republic of ChinaA slow-down of, or increased volatility in, economic growth in China may adversely affect our growth and profitability.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest rate risk. Our exposure to interest rate risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by excess cash and cash equivalents deposited in banks. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and liquid financial instruments with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other receivables represent our principal exposure to credit risk in relation to our financial assets. As of December 31, 2007, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents were held with major international banks which we believe are of acceptable credit quality. We have not used any derivative financial instruments to hedge interest rate risk. We have not been exposed nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates, although our future interest income may fluctuate in line with changes in interest rates. The risk associated with fluctuating interest rates is principally confined to our cash deposits in banks, and, therefore, our exposure to interest rate risk is minimal.
Foreign exchange risk. Substantially all of our revenue-generating operations are transacted in Renminbi, which is not fully convertible into foreign currencies. At December 31, 2007, we had approximately US$134 million (RMB980 million) held in United States dollar denominated deposits. We have not used any forward contracts or currency borrowings to hedge our exposure to foreign currency risk. During the year ended December 31, 2007 we recorded RMB65.8 million (US$9.0 million) in foreign exchange losses due to the appreciation of the Renminbi against the United States dollar. If the Renminbi continues to appreciate we will continue to record foreign exchange losses on United States dollar denominated assets and these losses are likely to be material. See Item 3. Key Information on the CompanyRisk FactorsRisks Related to Doing Business in the Peoples Republic of ChinaFluctuation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS No. 157). SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measurement of fair value, and expands disclosures required for fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fair value measures already required or permitted by other standards for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. On February 12, 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff position No. 157-2, Effective date of FASB Statement No. 157 which defers the effective date of SFAS No. 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. SFAS No. 157 is required to be adopted by the Group in fiscal year 2008. The Group does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial LiabilitiesIncluding an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (SFAS No. 159). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The entity shall report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected. SFAS No.159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and is required to be adopted by the Group in fiscal
43
year 2008. In connection with current period financial statements, the Group does not have items eligible for Fair Value Option under SFAS No. 159. The Group does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 159 will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R (Revised), Business Combinations (SFAS No. 141R). SFAS No. 141R establishes requirements for the recognition and measurement of acquired assets, liabilities, goodwill, and non-controlling interests (formerly minority interests). SFAS No. 141R also provides disclosure requirements related to business combinations. SFAS No. 141R is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. SFAS No. 141R will be applied prospectively to business combinations with an acquisition date on or after December 15, 2008. The Group is in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of SFAS 141R on its consolidated financial statements.
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Directors, Executive Officers and Senior Management
Our board of directors currently consists of nine directors. The members of our board of directors are elected by our shareholders. Our shareholders are entitled to vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to shareholder vote, including the election of the members of our board of directors. Each ordinary share is entitled to one vote. Each of the 28,550,704 high-vote ordinary shares held by Expedia Asia Pacific or its affiliates is entitled to 15 votes. As a result, Expedia Asia Pacific and its indirect parent Expedia control approximately 95% of the voting power of all shares of our voting stock. In addition, certain other shareholders are parties to an investors agreement with Expedia Asia Pacific under which they have agreed to vote their ordinary shares in the election of directors designated by Expedia Asia Pacific. Expedia, Expedia Asia Pacifics parent, has the ability to control the composition of our board of directors, including the right to select six of the nine members of our board of directors, the ability to nominate the remaining directors and vote their shares to elect them and the right to vote their shares to remove members of our board of directors. See Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.
Each member of our board of directors is elected to hold office until the annual general meeting of shareholders following the date on which each member is elected to serve as a director and until such directors successor is elected and duly qualified, or until such directors earlier death, bankruptcy, insanity, resignation or removal.
There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers named below.
Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors.
The names of our current directors and executive officers, their ages as of April 30, 2008 and the principal positions with eLong held by each of them are as follows:
Name |
Age | Position/Title | ||
Guangfu Cui |
39 | Chief Executive Officer | ||
Chris Chan |
42 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
Kenneth Liao |
46 | Vice President and Chief Technology Officer | ||
Qi Chen |
44 | Vice President of Human Resources | ||
Jack Wang |
35 | Vice President of Hotel Partner Service Group (PSG) | ||
Jason Xie |
32 | Vice President of Business Development | ||
James Li |
35 | Vice President of Sales | ||
Yu Zheng |
34 | Vice President of Marketing | ||
Henrik Vilhelm Kjellberg(2)(3) |
37 | Director | ||
Thomas Gurnee(1)(3) |
57 | Director |
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Name |
Age | Position/Title | ||
Barney Harford |
36 | Director | ||
Michael Doyle(2)(3) |
38 | Director | ||
Leo Austin(1) |
36 | Director | ||
Justin Tang |
37 | Director | ||
Michael Scown(1) |
49 | Director | ||
Arthur Hoffman(2) |
39 | Director | ||
Johan Svanstrom(2) |
36 | Director |
(1) |
Member of the audit committee of our board of directors. Mr. Gurnee is the chairman of the audit committee. |
(2) |
Nominated by Expedia Asia Pacific. |
(3) |
Member of the compensation committee of our board of directors. Mr. Kjellberg is the chairman of the compensation committee. |
The business address of each of our executive officers and employee directors is c/o Block B, Xingke Plaza Building, 10 Middle Jiuxianqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100016, Peoples Republic of China. The business address for Mr. Doyle is: Expedia Asia Pacific Limited, 5th Floor, Dina House, Ruttonjee Centre, 11 Duddell Street Central, Hong Kong. The address for Mr. Harford is: 2220 22nd Ave E, Seattle WA 98112, USA. The business address for Mr. Tang is 3701 Tower A, Beijing Fortune Plaza, No. 7 Middle Dongsanhuan Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020 P.R. China. The business address for Mr. Hoffman is Expedia Asia Pacific-Alpha Limited., Level 5, 95 Pitt Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. The business address for Mr. Gurnee is GEM Services USA, 2880 Lakeside Dr., Suite 203, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. The business address for Mr. Svanstrom is Expedia Asia Pacific, Room 1402, Ruttonjee House, 11 Duddell Street, Hong Kong. The business address for Mr. Kjellberg is Expedia Asia Pacific Limited, 5th Floor, Dina House, Ruttonjee Centre, 11 Duddell Street Central, Hong Kong. The business address for Mr. Scown is Intel Capital, c/o Intel Semiconductor, Inc. 32/F, Two Pacific Place, 88 Queensway, Hong Kong. The business address for Mr. Austin is FLAT 701, Unit 1, Block 6, Shanshuiwenyuan 3 Q1, Hongyandonglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021.
Biographical Information
Executive Officers and Directors
Guangfu Cui, Chief Executive Officer
Guangfu Cui has served as our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) since October 8, 2007. Prior to joining eLong, Mr. Cui was the Managing Director for FedEx Kinko China. Mr. Cui positioned the company as a market leader in the digital printing industry in China, with 16 centers and 300 employees within four years after his joining. Prior to FedEx Kinkos, Mr. Cui worked for Procter & Gamble China for over 12 years, including two and half years working in the United States. He was instrumental in building Procter & Gamble Chinas distribution network and retail coverage system. Guangfu Cui holds an MBA from Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and a BA in Law from Peking University.
Chris Chan, Chief Financial Officer
Chris Chan has served as our Chief Financial Officer since March 10, 2007. Prior to joining eLong, Mr. Chan was Finance Director of Pepsico China Beverages, responsible for financial reporting in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Prior to Pepsico, Mr. Chan served as Financial Services Manager of Sun Microsystems, Greater China. Prior to Sun, Mr. Chan served as CFO of Netstar Hong Kong Limited, Greater China and as Financial Controller of GE Plastics China. Mr. Chan received his MBA from Purdue University and his Bachelor of Science from Cornell University. Mr. Chan is a Certified Public Accountant in the U.S. and in Hong Kong.
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Kenneth Liao, Chief Technology Officer
Kenneth Liao has served as our Chief Technology Officer (CTO) since October 7, 2007. Mr. Liao held technology management positions in several leading U.S. technology companies. He came to eLong from Cisco Systems, Inc., where he served in various technology leadership roles for 10 years, including as the Director of Engineering for the Security Technology Group. In this role he oversaw a global team of more than 120 staff. Prior to Cisco, Mr. Liao managed technology teams at Bay Networks, IBM, and Digital Transparencies. Mr. Liao holds a Masters degree in Electrical Engineering from Rice University, in Houston Texas, and a Masters degree in Mathematics from the University of Houston. He also holds a BS degree in Computer Science from Zhongshan University.
Qi Chen, Vice President of Human Resources
Chen Qi has served as our Vice President of Human Resources since February 28, 2008. Prior to joining eLong, she was the Greater China HR Director for Momentive Performance Materials (formerly, GE Advanced Materials). Prior to that, she had worked with GE Infrastructure, Baxter Healthcare, Shell Petroleum and Glaxo Pharmaceutical as the Pacific Organization & Staffing Manager, China HR Manager, China Learning Consultant and Regional Sales Manager, respectively. Ms. Qi holds a Master Degree in Pharmaceutical Science from the Medical School of Peking University, as well as a Master Degree in Psychological Counseling and Psychotherapy from a program jointly sponsored by Peking University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Jack Wang, Vice President of Hotel PSG
Jack Wang has served as Vice President of our Partner Service Group since December 2007. Prior to joining eLong, Mr. Wang worked for Proctor & Gamble for almost 10 years. Mr. Wang has significant experience in customer business development and trade marketing. Mr. Wang holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Hydro-machine and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Journalism from Tsinghua University.
Jason Xie, Vice President of Business Development
Jason Xie has served as our Vice President of Sales & Business Development since January 1, 2008. Prior to joining eLong, Mr. Xie had several years of sales & management experience in multinational companies including Procter & Gamble, Citibank and FedEx. Mr. Xie received his MBA degree from China Europe International Business School and BA of Economics from Nanjing University.
James Li, Vice President of Sales
James Li has served as our Vice President of Sales since January 1, 2008. Mr. Li joined eLong as Senior Sales Director for North Division in March 2007 and was promoted to Vice President of Sales due to his outstanding leadership and contribution to eLong. Prior to joining eLong, Mr. Li had served as a sales leader in multi-national companies such as Procter and Gamble, Motorola and PepsiCo, and has significant sales management experience. Mr. Li graduated from Harbin Institute of Technology with a bachelor degree in Marketing.
Yu Zheng, Vice President of Marketing
Zheng Yu has served as Vice President of Marketing since February 25, 2008. Prior to joining eLong, he was the acting marketing VP of Nippon Paint (China) Co. LTD. Prior to that, he worked with Coca-cola as Beverage Partner Worldwide China Director, and with Proctor & Gamble as Associate Marketing Director for Greater China Oral Care. Mr. Zheng has more than 10 years of experience in marketing, brand management and general management. He successfully launched and built Pampers disposable diaper brand to be a brand with over 50% market share. He also led Crest to become the No.1 toothpaste brand in China. Mr. Zheng Yu holds a Master Degree in Biochemical Engineering from Zhejiang University.
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Henrik Vilhelm Kjellberg, Chairman of the Board of Directors
Henrik Kjellberg was Interim CEO of eLong, Inc. for a portion of 2007. Mr. Kjellberg has also served as Chairman of the board of directors of eLong, Inc. since March, 2007 and has been a member of its board of directors since October, 2005. Mr. Kjellberg is also President of Expedia Asia Pacific, a subsidiary of Expedia, Inc. Prior to assuming his responsibilities in Asia Pacific, Mr. Kjellberg held roles as Expedia, Inc.s Senior Vice President of international lodging & destination services as well as Vice President and Managing Director, Supply Europe, in which role he oversaw all hotel, car and destination services for the region. Since joining Expedia in 2001, Mr. Kjellberg has overseen the launches of Expedia Netherlands and Expedia Italy. Additionally, he has managed Expedia.coms WWTE(TM) private-label service in Europe. Prior to joining Expedia, Mr. Kjellberg worked for Procter & Gamble and Scandinavian Internet portal Spray. Mr. Kjellberg holds a Master of Science in economics from the Stockholm School of Economics.
Thomas Gurnee, Director
Thomas Gurnee has served as a member of our Board of Directors since November 2, 2004. Mr. Gurnee is Chief Financial Officer of GEM Services, Inc., a privately held semiconductor manufacturer. His previous positions include President and Chief Operating Officer of GlobiTech Inc. and Chief Financial Officer of Sohu.com Inc. Prior to joining Sohu, Mr. Gurnee held a number of senior positions with Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Ltd., including Vice President for Business Development, President (North America), Chief Operating Officer (Singapore) and Chief Financial Officer (Singapore). Previously, Mr. Gurnee spent 13 years at Schlumberger Ltd. as finance director of various divisions in France, Singapore and the United States. From November 2000 until June 2006, Mr. Gurnee was a member of the Sohu Board of Directors. and is currently a member of the Board of Directors of US-listed companies Longtop Financial Technologies (LFT) and Xin Yuan Real Estate (XIN). Mr. Gurnee received a BA degree from Stanford University and an MBA degree from the University of Santa Clara.
Barney Harford, Director
Barney Harford has been a member of our Board of Directors since August 2004, and served as Chairman of eLong, Inc. from July 2006 to March, 2007. Mr. Harford also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of LiquidPlanner, an on-demand project management service that is transforming the way organizations manage complex projects; and GlobalEnglish, a leading provider of on-demand English language training services to multinational corporations. From March 1999 to December 2006, Mr. Harford served in a variety of roles at Expedia, Inc. As President of Expedia Asia Pacific from July 2004, he launched Expedias business in the region, leading the companys entry into China, Japan and Australia. Previously at Expedia, he held positions as Product Planner, Director of Corporate Development & Strategic Planning, Vice President of New Channel Development and Senior Vice President of Air, Car & Private Label. Prior to joining Expedia, Mr. Harford worked in the United Kingdom as a strategy consultant with The Kalchas Group. He holds an MBA from INSEAD and an MA in Natural Sciences from Clare College, Cambridge University.
Michael Doyle, Director
Michael Doyle has served as a member of our Board of Directors since December 2004. Mr. Doyle is Chief Financial Officer of Expedia Asia Pacific, a division of Expedia, Inc. Prior to this role, Mr. Doyle served as a corporate development director responsible for Expedias investment activities in Asia. Before joining Expedia, Mr. Doyle worked as Chief Financial Officer of Teledesic, a Bellevue, Washington, based broadband communications company founded by Craig McCaw and Bill Gates. Prior to Teledesic, Doyle was an investment banker at Morgan Stanley & Company in New York and Singapore. While in Singapore, he also worked for the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation, making private equity investments in Southeast Asia. Mr. Doyle holds a Bachelors degree in Finance from Southern Methodist University and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
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Justin Tang, Director
Justin Tang is a co-founder of Blue Ridge China, a private equity fund formed in 2006 that invests in companies in China. Prior to that, Mr. Tang was the co-founder of eLong, Inc. From 2001 to 2006, Mr. Tang served as Chairman and CEO of eLong and in similar key executive positions at its predecessor company from 1999 to 2001. Prior to founding eLong, Mr. Tang held various positions in the financial services industry in the United States from 1993 to 1999. Mr. Tang studied at Nanjing University in China and received his BS degree from Concordia College in the United States.
Arthur Hoffman, Director
Arthur Hoffman has served as a member of our Board of Directors since December 2004. Mr. Hoffman is Managing Director of Expedia Asia Pacific and joined Expedia in December 2004 with the responsibility to expand Expedias international presence. Prior to joining Expedia, Mr. Hoffman worked for Qantas Airways for 3 years as the General Manager for Strategy, e-Commerce and Technology for Qantas Holidays. Previously, Mr. Hoffman worked six years as a strategy consultant for Booz Allen & Hamilton and Arthur Andersen, both consulting firms, in the APAC region and throughout Europe. Mr. Hoffman also served as a conscript officer in the Royal Dutch Navy and worked a year for the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. Mr. Hoffman holds an MA in Science from the University of Utrecht (Netherlands) and an MBA from INSEAD.
Johan Svanstrom, Director
Johan Svanstrom has served as a member of our Board of Directors since February 2006. Mr. Svanstrom is General Manager of Private Label of Expedia Asia Pacific, in which role he is responsible for building Expedias Private Label business across the Asia Pacific region. Prior to joining Expedia, Mr. Svanstrom was in charge of the Digital Innovations Group at McDonalds Corporation for three years. Prior to that, Mr. Svanstrom was co-founder and CEO of Freefund, a company providing online grant search capabilities for university students in four different European countries. From 1999 to 2002 Mr. Svanstrom served as Vice President of Business Development at Glocalnet, a voice-over-IP telecom company, which he helped take public and which is listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Mr. Svanstrom holds a BA in Business Administration and an MBA from the Stockholm School of Economics.
Leo Austin, Director
Leo Austin is a Partner with Augus Partners, a Beijing-based corporate advisory firm, and focuses on the mainland China travel, consumer goods and infrastructure industries. He has lived and worked in China for eleven years. Prior to consulting, Leo was a Principal with Incubasia Inc, a venture capital firm based in Hong Kong and also served as COO of enAbilis, a travel industry wholesale platform. Leo started his China career as Senior Product Manager with Bass PLC in Beijing and Jilin. Prior to coming to China, he was an Associate Consultant with LEK Consulting in London. Leo speaks, reads and writes Mandarin Chinese and has a masters degree in Modern History and Economics from Oxford University.
Michael Scown, Director
Michael Scown has been a member of our Board of Directors and its Audit Committee since December 2007. Mr. Scown is the Asia Managing Director, Treasury, for Intel Capital. From 1999 to 2006 he served as Intel Capitals Asia Regional Counsel. Before joining Intel he practiced law for 10 years as an associate and partner with Russin & Vecchi in the firms San Francisco and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam offices where he was a founder and Chairman of the Board of Governors of the American Chamber of Commerce and also worked in hotel development as Asia Assistant Regional Counsel for Marriott International, Inc. Prior to commencing his legal practice, Mr. Scown served as a Foreign Service Officer with the U.S. Department of State. He is a graduate of U.C. Berkeley (A.B.), the University of San Francisco School of Law (J.D.) and a member of the California Bar.
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Board Practices
For information regarding the terms of our current directors and the period during which our officers and directors have served in their respective positions please see Directors, Executive Officers and Senior Management above. During 2007, our board passed resolutions by unanimous written consent 18 times, including audit committee and compensation committee meetings.
We have not entered into any service contracts or other arrangements providing for benefits upon termination with our non-executive directors, provided, however, that the option agreements between us and our non-executive directors provide that any non-vested options granted to such directors shall vest in full in the event that Expedia effects a going private transaction of us and provided, further, that upon a termination during the one-year period following a change in control, such non-executive directors incur a termination other than by reason of death, disability or cause, the non-executive directors are entitled to an additional 12 months of vesting on their unvested options.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Audit Committee
The audit committee of our board of directors currently consists of Leo Austin, Michael Scown, and Thomas Gurnee who also serves as the chairman of the audit committee. Mr. Austin and Mr. Scown joined the audit committee on December 18, 2007, filling vacancies in the audit committee resulting from the previously reported resignations of Mr. David Goldhill as a member of the audit committee effective July 30, 2007 and of Mr. Martin Pompadur as a member of the audit committee effective December 18, 2007. Following Mr. Goldhills resignation, Nasdaq Listing Qualifications notified us that a cure period would be provided to allow us to regain compliance with Marketplace Rule 4350(d)(2), which requires that every Nasdaq company have an audit committee comprised of at least three directors. On December 20, 2007, our outside legal counsel received a letter from Nasdaq Listing Qualifications stating that, as a result of information provided to Nasdaq Listing Qualifications by us regarding the appointments of Mr. Austin and Mr. Scown to our audit committee, we are in compliance with the audit committee requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Global Market set forth in Marketplace Rule 4350(d)(2). Our board of directors has determined that all of our audit committee members are independent under Nasdaqs Marketplace Rules and Section 10A(m) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Mr. Gurnee is an audit committee financial expert as defined in Item 16A of the Instructions to Form 20-F and that Messrs. Austin and Scown each has the requisite financial knowledge and experience to be qualified to serve as a member of our audit committee.
Our board of directors has adopted a written audit committee charter pursuant to which the audit committee is responsible for the appointment of our independent public accountants and reports to our board of directors regarding the scope and results of our annual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and managements procedures and policies concerning the adequacy of our internal accounting controls.
Compensation Committee
The compensation committee of our board of directors reviews and makes recommendations to our full board of directors regarding compensation policies and all forms of compensation to be provided to our executive officers and directors. In addition, the compensation committee approves bonus and, subject to the requirement that there be at least two Expedia designees on the compensation committee, stock compensation arrangements for all of our employees other than our CEO.
The compensation committee currently consists of Michael Doyle, Thomas Gurnee and Henrik Kjellberg, who also serves as the chairman of the compensation committee. Mr. Doyle and Mr. Kjellberg were appointed by Expedia under a certain investors agreement with Expedia Asia Pacific and certain other shareholders. Under the investors agreement, Expedia has the right to appoint two directors to the compensation committee, and the compensation committee does not have the authority to approve the issuance of stock options unless two directors nominated by Expedia are on the compensation committee.
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Duties of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, each of our directors has a duty of loyalty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to the best interests of our company. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skills that they actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Our directors must ensure compliance with our companys memorandum and articles of association. A shareholder has the right to seek damages on behalf of our company if a duty owned by our directors is breached.
Limitation on Liability and Other Indemnification Matters
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a companys articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. The articles of association of our company provide for indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such, but the indemnity does not extend to any matter in respect of any willful neglect or intentional malfeasance which may be attached to such person.
Compensation of Executive Officers and Directors
Compensation Arrangements with Directors for fiscal 2007. We paid aggregate compensation (inclusive of directors fees, meeting fees, travel expenses and stock-based compensation) during fiscal 2007 to our directors as a group equal to US$124,016. Our directors are reimbursed for all expenses incurred in connection with each board of directors meeting and when carrying out their duties as directors of our company.
In addition, we granted to each of Leo Austin and Michael Scown (i) an option to purchase 30,000 of our ordinary shares, with an exercise price of US$3.935, which will vest semi-annually over a 3-year period following December 18, 2007, the date Messrs. Austin and Scown became members of our board of directors, and (ii) 10,000 performance units which will vest annually over the same 3-year period and which upon vesting can only be settled in cash.
Except as described in the section Board Practices above with respect to the acceleration of certain stock-based compensation awards upon a change of control, no director is entitled to any benefits upon termination of his directorship with us.
Compensation Arrangements with Executive Officers Fiscal 2007. Compensation arrangements with our senior executive officers consist of (i) cash compensation, which includes an annual salary and the opportunity to earn an annual performance-based cash bonus, and (ii) stock-based compensation in the form of stock options and performance units, and/or (iii) other benefits in the form of vacation days, allowances, and premiums paid for health insurance.
Cash Compensation.
We paid an aggregate cash compensation during fiscal 2007 to our executive officers, Guangfu Cui, Kenneth Liao, Thomas Chen, Jack Wang, Thomas SooHoo, Hal Fiske, Thomas Zheng, Strong Wang, Richard Chen, Frank Zheng, Derek Palaschuk, Andy Clayton, Chris Chan and Richard Xu, as a group equal toUS$1,131,939 or RMB8,257,043.
Thomas SooHoo resigned as our Chief Executive Officer effective April 16, 2007; Andy Clayton resigned as our Vice President of Air effective April 13, 2007; Richard Xu resigned as our Chief Marketing Officer effective May 11, 2007; Armstrong Wang resigned as our Vice President of Business Development effective October 31, 2007; Hal Fiske resigned as the Company Secretary effective December 19, 2007; Thomas Zheng
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resigned as our Vice President of Human Resources effective December 28, 2007; Richard Chen resigned as our Chief Technology Officer effective December 31, 2007; Frank Zheng resigned as our Vice President of Operation effective January 31, 2008; and Thomas Chen resigned as our Vice President of Marketing effective February 29, 2008. Pursuant to a settlement agreement with Derek Palaschuk, who resigned as our CFO effective as of July 28, 2006, we paid Mr. Palaschuk at an annual rate of $105,589 through July 23, 2007.
Stock-based Compensation.
We granted the following stock-based compensation in the form of performance units to our senior executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2007:
Performance Unit Holder |
Ordinary Shares underlying Performance Units(1) |
Date of grant | ||
Chris Chan |
41,886 | April 30, 2007 | ||
James Li |
3,352 | April 30, 2007 | ||
Frank Zheng(2) |
38,384 | April 30, 2007 | ||
Thomas Zheng(3) |
18,182 | April 30, 2007 | ||
Hal Fiske(4) |
18,182 | April 30, 2007 | ||
Armstrong Wang(5) |
15,620 | April 30, 2007 | ||
Thomas Chen(6) |
30,000 | December 6, 2007 | ||
Kenneth Liao |
55,556 | December 6, 2007 | ||
Guangfu Cui |
111,112 | September 4, 2007 | ||
Total |
332,274 |
(1) |
All the performance units are payable upon vesting by our delivery to the holder a number of ordinary shares equal to the number of performance units which are then vested. 20% of the performance units vest on each of the anniversaries of the grant date until fully vested. |
(2) |
Mr. Frank Zheng resigned as our Vice President of Operation, effective January 31, 2008. All of his 38,384 performance units were un-vested and forfeited upon his resignation. |
(3) |
Mr. Thomas Zheng resigned as our Vice President of Human Resources effective December 28, 2007. All of his 18,182 performance units were un-vested and forfeited upon his resignation. |
(4) |
Mr. Fiske resigned as our Company Secretary and General Counsel effective December 19, 2007. All of his 18,182 performance units were un-vested and forfeited upon his resignation. |
(5) |
Mr. Wang resigned as our Vice President of Business Development effective October 31, 2007. Of performance units granted to him on April 30, 2007, 1,104 had vested on September 25, 2007 and 14,516 were un-vested and forfeited upon his resignation. |
(6) |
Mr. Chen resigned as our Vice President of Marketing effective February 29, 2008. All of his 30,000 performance units were un-vested and forfeited upon his resignation. |
We granted the following stock-based compensation in the form of stock options to our senior executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2007:
Option Holder |
Ordinary shares underlying options granted(1) |
Exercise Price US$ |
Date of grant | Date of expiration | ||||
Frank Zheng(2) |
50,000 | 4.95 | April 30, 2007 | April 29, 2017 | ||||
Hal Fiske(3) |
50,000 | 4.95 | April 30, 2007 | April 29, 2017 | ||||
Chris Chan |
50,000 | 4.95 | April 30, 2007 | April 29, 2017 | ||||
Thomas Zheng(4) |
50,000 | 4.95 | April 30, 2007 | April 29, 2017 | ||||
Armstrong Wang(5) |
50,000 | 4.95 | April 30, 2007 | April 29, 2017 | ||||
Guangfu Cui |
111,112 | 4.50 | September 4, 2007 | September 3, 2017 | ||||
Kenneth Liao |
50,000 | 3.87 | December 6, 2007 | December 5, 2017 | ||||
Total |
411,112 |
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(1) |
Unless otherwise noted, all options vest with respect to 20% of the shares covered thereby on the first, second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the grant date. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the 2004 Plan, unless otherwise determined by our board of directors, if, during the one-year period following a change in control, an option holder incurs a termination of employment by us or our successor other than by reason of death, disability or cause or the option holder resigns for good reason, the option holder is entitled as of the termination of employment to an additional 12 months of vesting of the stock option to the extent unvested as of the termination of employment. |
(2) |
Mr. Frank Zheng resigned as our Vice President of Operation effective January 31, 2008. All of his 50,000 stock options were un-vested and forfeited upon his resignation. |
(3) |
Mr. Fiske resigned as our Company Secretary and General Counsel effective December 19, 2007. All of his 50,000 stock options were un-vested and forfeited upon his resignation. |
(4) |
Mr. Thomas Zheng resigned as our Vice President of Human Resources effective December 28, 2007. All of his 50,000 stock options were un-vested and forfeited upon his resignation. |
(5) |
Mr. Wang resigned as our Vice President of Business Development effective October 31, 2007. All of his 50,000 stock options were un-vested and forfeited upon his resignation. |
Employment Agreements with Executive Officers
Employment Arrangements with Guangfu Cui. We entered into an employment agreement with Guangfu Cui, our Chief Executive Officer, effective October 8, 2007. The employment agreement provides an initial annual base salary of RMB 1,900,000 (equivalent to approximately US$260,467 using the exchange rate of RMB 7.2946 to US$1.00 as of December 31 of 2007), and a discretionary bonus of up to 100% of Mr. Cuis annual base salary during the review period. Mr. Cui is also entitled to an annual living allowance of RMB 200,000 (equivalent to approximately US$27,418 using the exchange rate of RMB 7.2946 to US$1.00 as of December 31 of 2007). Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Cui was granted 111,112 performance units under our 2004 Plan, twenty percent (20%) of which will vest on each of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth year anniversaries of Mr. Cuis employment start date. In addition, Mr. Cui was granted an option to purchase 111,112 shares of our ordinary shares, with an exercise price of US$4.50 per share. The options will vest on the same schedule as the performance units. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Cui entered into standard non-competition, non-solicitation, confidential information and work product assignment agreements with us and with our subsidiary eLong Information. The terms of such agreements are set forth below under Non-Competition Agreements with our Executives.
Employment Agreement with Chris Chan. We entered into an employment agreement with Chris Chan for Mr. Chans employment as our Chief Financial Officer, effective February 26, 2007. The agreement provides an initial annual base of RMB 813,750 (equivalent to US$105,000 using the then-prevailing exchange rate of RMB 7.75 to US$1), and a discretionary bonus of up to RMB 294,500 (US$38,000). Mr. Chan has the right to a housing and living cost reimbursement allowance of RMB 364,250 per year, provided such expenses are non-taxable to the employee for individual income tax purposes and are permitted under any laws applicable to us. Pursuant to the agreement, on April 30, 2007, Mr. Chan was granted 41,886 performance units under our 2004 Plan, twenty percent (20%) of which will vest on each of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth year anniversaries of Mr. Chans start date. In addition, also on April 30, 2007, Mr. Chan was granted an option to purchase 50,000 of our ordinary shares, with an exercise price of US$4.95. Twenty percent (20%) of such options will vest on each of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth year anniversaries of April 30, 2007, the grant date. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Chen entered into standard non-competition, non-solicitation, confidential information and work product assignment agreements with us and with our subsidiary eLong Information. The terms of such agreements are set forth below under Non-Competition Agreements with our Executives. On January 9, 2008, we granted an additional 25,414 performance units to Mr. Chan, of which 40%, 30%, and 30%, respectively, will vest on each of the 3rd, 4th and 5th anniversaries of January 9, 2008.
Employment and Termination Arrangements with Messrs. Chen and Zheng. We are party to employment agreements, dated and effective as of July 23, 2004, with each of Messrs. Richard Chen and Frank Zheng. Each
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agreement had an initial three-year term which expired on August 4, 2007. On or about the expiration date of the initial term, we entered into a renewal agreement with Mr. Chen to extend the term of his employment agreement to December 15, 2007 and a renewal agreement with Mr. Zheng to extend the term of his employment agreement to January 31, 2008. Under the renewal agreements, their employments with us terminated at the expiry of their respective renewal periods.
Under their initial employment agreements, each of Messrs. Chen and Zheng received an initial base salary of US$105,000 per year and was entitled to an annual discretionary bonus based on his individual performance, our performance, and other factors deemed relevant by the compensation committee, based upon a target bonus range of 15-50% of annual base salary. Under the renewal agreements, each of Messrs. Chen and Zheng received a salary at the annual rate of US$105,000 during the renewal period.
Before and during the initial term of their employment agreements Messrs. Chen and Zheng were granted options to purchase our ordinary shares. Those options were subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable share option plan and any related stock option agreement in effect at the time we granted the options. We also granted performance units to Mr. Zheng. See sections Stock Options Granted under 2004 Plan and Performance Units Granted under the 2004 Plan for a description of stock-based compensation granted to Messrs. Chen and Zheng. The agreements provided that, in the event that either Mr. Chen or Mr. Zheng were to resign for good reason, or were terminated by us without cause (in each case, as defined in the agreements), with respect to options granted on or after July 1, 2004, Messrs. Chen and Zheng would be entitled to immediate vesting for an additional 12 months for the remaining options that were unvested as of the date of the termination. However, under their renewal agreements, Messrs. Chen and Zheng acknowledged and agreed that their termination at the expiry of the renewed term would neither be considered a termination for good reason nor a termination without cause and, accordingly, upon such termination, no acceleration of vesting of unvested options took place.
If either Messrs. Chen or. Zheng, after the termination of his employment, violates or fails to materially comply with the restrictive covenant agreement or other arrangements described in the employment agreements, we will have the right to cancel the executives equity awards and shares purchased pursuant to the exercise of such equity awards or receive a refund of any amounts realized upon the sale or other transfer of such awards in the event that the executive engages in prohibited actions specified in the agreements.
Each of Messrs. Chen or. Zheng entered into standard non-competition, non-solicitation, confidential information and work product assignment agreements with us and with our subsidiary eLong Information. The terms of such agreements are set forth below under Non-Competition Agreements with our Executives, except that Mr. Zhengs non-competition obligation will end on July 31, 2008 and Mr. Chens non-competition obligation will end on September 15, 2008. We will pay each of Messrs. Chen or Zheng a fee at an annual rate of $10,000 as compensation for his undertaking of non-competition obligation after his termination.
Employment Agreement with other Senior Executive Officers. We have entered into our standard form employment agreements for senior executive officers with our other senior executive officers. The agreements provide for the opportunity for such executives to be granted stock-based compensation. See section above Compensation Arrangements with Executive Officers Fiscal 2007 for description of stock-based compensation granted to our senior executive officers in 2007. Each of the agreements requires that the relevant employee enter into standard form non-competition agreements with us and with our subsidiary eLong Information. The terms of such agreements are set forth below under Non-Competition Agreements with our Executives.
Non-Competition Agreements with our Executives. We and our subsidiary eLong Information are parties to a restrictive covenant agreement with each of Messrs. Kjellberg, SooHoo, Tang, Chen, Zheng, Palaschuk, Fiske, and the other officers identified herein. The restrictive covenant agreements provide that during each executives employment and continuing until the later of: (1) 12 months after the termination of such executives employment and (2) three years after the effective date of such executives restrictive covenant agreement, the
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executive will not compete with us or our subsidiaries or affiliates. In addition, for a period of two years after his employment, the executive will not solicit our employees or customers or the employees or customers of our subsidiaries or affiliates, and while employed and indefinitely thereafter will not disclose or otherwise use our confidential information or the confidential information of our subsidiaries or affiliates. The agreements also state that the executives work product will be assigned to us or eLong Information.
Settlement and Termination Agreements. In addition, we have entered into settlement and termination agreements with our former senior executive officers, Messrs. SooHoo, Tang, and Palaschuk. The terms of these agreements are described in elsewhere in this annual report. We have also entered into settlement agreements with Messrs. Frank Zheng and Richard Chen, the terms of which settlement agreements are described in the section Employment and Termination Arrangements with Messrs. Chen and Zheng above.
Resignation and Settlement Agreement with Derek Palaschuk. In July 2006, Derek Palaschuk resigned from his position as our CFO. We entered into a resignation and settlement agreement with Mr. Palaschuk pursuant to which he will receive, subject to certain conditions, base pay of US$105,000 per year through July 23, 2007, together with healthcare benefits through such date. We have also extended the period after Mr. Palaschuks resignation during which he and Capital Dragon Agents Limited, a company beneficially owned by Mr. Palaschuk, may exercise any options which were vested as of July 28, 2006. Such extension is for a reasonable period of time after the resolution of certain issues relating to any potential option exercises. Under the settlement agreement, Mr. Palaschuk remains subject to confidentiality, non-compete, non-disparagement, and other obligations.
Termination and Settlement Agreement with Tom Soohoo. In May 2007, we entered into a termination and settlement agreement with Mr. SooHoo in connection with Mr. SooHoos resignation, effective as of April 16, 2007. Under such agreement, Mr. SooHoo provided us with a general release of any claims related to his employment with us. In addition, Mr. SooHoo agreed to remain our non-executive employee until July 12, 2007 (the Termination Date), and we agreed that Mr. SooHoo would continue to be paid his then-current annual base salary of US$120,000 per annum, pro rated, through the Termination Date and that he would receive, through the Termination Date, other employee benefits set forth in Section 4 of his December 19, 2005 Employment Agreement with us. As of the Termination Date, Mr. SooHoo had vested stock options to purchase 30,488 of our ordinary shares and 32,928 vested performance units which were to be settled in our ordinary shares pursuant to the terms of the termination and settlement agreement. As of April 30, 2008, all of the 30,488 stock options had expired without being exercised by Mr. SooHoo.
Consulting Arrangements. We appointed Tony Shen to act as our Interim Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to a consulting contract with a start date of July 25, 2006 and with an initial term of four months. Pursuant to the contract, Mr. Shen was paid a gross monthly consulting fee of US$15,000, a housing allowance of US$1,000 per month, a home leave allowance of US$2,000 for each six week period, and reimbursement of expenses incurred in discharge of his duties. The contract was extended from November 26, 2006 to January 31, 2007, and then for an additional term from February 1, 2007 to July 31, 2007, with an increase to US$ 16,500 per month as the base consulting fee. Under the agreement, either party had the right to terminate the contract upon written notice. We and Mr. Shen agreed on February 23, 2007 to terminate the Interim CFO consulting arrangement, effective February 26, 2007, and pursuant to the terms of a settlement agreement with Mr. Shen, Mr. Shen remained available to provide transition services for a two month period from February 26 and received the US$16,500 base consulting fee during such period.
Services Agreement for Interim CEO. We have agreed on an arrangement with Expedia for the services of Henrik Kjellberg in his role as our Interim CEO. Additional detail is provided under Related Party TransactionsCertain Other Business Arrangements with ExpediaArrangement between Expedia and eLong with respect to Services provided by our Interim CEO. Mr. Kjellberg resigned as our Interim CEO effective on October 8, 2007 and Mr. Guangfu Cui became our CEO on the same day.
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Share Ownership
Please refer to Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions and to Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Options Grants below for a description of the share ownership of our executive officers and directors.
Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Option Grants
Our board of directors has adopted two stock option plansthe eLong, Inc. Stock Option Plan adopted in April 2001, or the 2001 Plan, and the eLong, Inc. Stock and Annual Incentive Plan, or the 2004 Plan. The terms of the 2001 Plan and the 2004 Plan are substantially similar.
2001 Plan
We have granted options to purchase our ordinary shares under the 2001 Plan to our employees, of which 3,033,225 options are granted, outstanding, and have not been exercised as of April 30, 2008. We will not issue any additional options under the 2001 Plan to our employees. The following table summarizes, as of April 30, 2008, the outstanding options granted under our 2001 Plan to Justin Tang, our former President and Chief Executive Officer, who currently is a member of our board of directors, and to our other employees as a group since our board of directors adopted the 2001 Plan. As of April 30, 2008, options representing 2,136,065 ordinary shares granted under the 2001 Plan have been exercised.
Option Grantee |
Ordinary shares underlying outstanding options granted and outstanding |
Exercise price |
Date of grant | Date of expiration | |||||
US$ | |||||||||
Granted in 2001(1) |
|||||||||
Justin Tang |
2,750,000 | (2) | 0.50 | April 18, 2001 | April 17, 2011 | ||||
Granted in 2003(1) |
|||||||||
Justin Tang |
156,250 | (2) | 1.53 | September 1, 2003 | August 31, 2013 | ||||
Other employees |
126,975 | (3) | 1.53 | January 1, 2004 | December 31, 2013 | ||||
Total |
3,033,225 |
(1) |
All options granted in 2001 and 2003 are currently fully vested and exercisable. |
(2) |
Such options were originally granted to Justin Tang. In April 2004, Mr. Tang transferred such options to Purple Mountain Holding Ltd., a corporation over which Mr. Tang holds ultimate investment power. |
(3) |
Includes employees who were granted options to purchase a total of 82,995 ordinary shares, which are currently fully vested and exercisable, and employees who were granted options to purchase a total of 43,230 ordinary shares, which shares vest over a four year period from the date of grant or 12.5% after every six months from the date of grant. |
2004 Plan
We have reserved an aggregate of 4,000,000 of our ordinary shares for issuance under the 2004 Plan. We have granted stock options and performance units to our officers, key employees, directors and non-employee consultants under the 2004 Plan. It is anticipated that performance units will be our primary form of stock-based awards for the near future.
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Stock Options Granted under the 2004 Plan
As of April 30, 2008, 869,936, stock options were granted and outstanding under the 2004 Plan. The following table summarizes, as of April 30, 2008, the outstanding options granted under our 2004 Plan to Guangfu Cui, our Chief Executive Officer, certain of our current and former key employees and directors, and to our other employees as a group since our board of directors adopted the 2004 Plan. As of April 30, 2008, 123,250 options granted under our 2004 Plan have been exercised.
Option Holder |
Ordinary shares underlying options granted(1) |
Exercise Price US$ |
Date of grant | Date of expiration | ||||||
Justin Tang |
306,250 | (2) | 5.25 | July 23, 2004 | July 22, 2014 | |||||
Derek Palaschuk |
12,500 | 5.25 | July 23, 2004 | (3) | ||||||
Other employees |
80,874 | 5.25 | July 23, 2004 | July 22, 2014 | ||||||
Thomas Gurnee |
30,000 | (4) | 6.75 | November 2, 2004 | November 1, 2014 | |||||
Other employees |
29,200 | 6.75 | November 2, 2004 | November 1, 2014 | ||||||
Chris Chan |
50,000 | (5) | 4.95 | April 30, 2007 | April 29, 2017 | |||||
James Li |
20,000 | (5) | 4.95 | April 30, 2007 | April 29, 2017 | |||||
Other Employees |
120,000 | (5) | 4.95 | April 30, 2007 | April 29, 2017 | |||||
Kenneth Liao |
50,000 | (5) | 4.50 | December 6, 2007 | December 5, 2017 | |||||
Guangfu Cui |
111,112 | (5) | 4.50 | September 4, 2007 | September 3, 2017 | |||||
Leo Austin |
30,000 | (4) | 3.935 | January 9, 2008 | January 8, 2018 | |||||
Michael Scown |
30,000 | (4) | 3.935 | January 9, 2008 | January 8, 2018 | |||||
Total |
869,936 |
(1) |
Unless otherwise noted, all options vest with respect to one-quarter (1/4) of the shares covered thereby on the first anniversary of the grant date and as to an additional one-sixteenth (1/16) of the shares covered thereby every three months thereafter until the fourth anniversary of the grant date. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the 2004 Plan, unless otherwise determined by our board of directors, if, during the one-year period following a change in control, such option holder incurs a termination of employment by us other than by reason of death, disability or cause or the option holder resigns for good reason, the option holder shall be entitled as of the termination of employment to an additional 12 months of vesting of the stock option to the extent unvested as of the termination of employment. |
(2) |
This option is currently fully vested and exercisable. |
(3) |
See discussion of Mr. Palaschuks options under the heading Resignation and Settlement Agreement with Derek Palaschuk. |
(4) |
Vests over a period of three years from the grant date, at the rate of 5,000 ordinary shares every six months. In the event that Expedia effects a going private transaction, as such transaction is described in Rule 13e-3(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of us, the portion of the stock option which is unvested prior to such transaction shall become vested as of the effective date of such going private transaction. |
(5) |
Vests over a five year period with 20% of the option vesting on each of the first, second, third, forth and fifth anniversary of the grant date. |
Performance Units Granted under the 2004 Plan
Performance units are awards in the form of units that are denominated in a hypothetical equivalent number of our ordinary shares, which number of units are determined based on the fair market value of our ordinary shares on the date immediately preceding the grant date or the employment start date of a particular grantee and which, when vested, are settled, in our sole discretion, in either ordinary shares or cash. At the time of grant, our board of directors or the compensation committee determines if we will settle the performance units in cash, stock or both. Settlement terms of performance units, once established, may only be changed by approval of our board of directors or the compensation committee. Except with respect to the performance units granted to our independent directors which are to be settled in cash (and are not reflected in the table below) and except as
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otherwise described in the footnotes to the table below, performance units granted to our employees and consultants are to be settled in ordinary shares. Those performance units granted during 2007 to our independent directors are to be settled upon vesting in cash in an amount equal to the number of the vested performance units multiplied by the fair market value of our ordinary shares on the applicable vesting date. The fair value of the performance unit is based upon the market value of our ordinary shares when the performance units vest. Our performance units are generally subject to service-based vesting where a specific period of continued employment must pass before an award vests. Typically, a portion of the performance units granted vest periodically over the term of the grant. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the 2004 Plan, unless otherwise determined by our board of directors, if, during the one-year period following a change in control, such Performance Unit holder incurs a termination of employment by us other than by reason of death, disability or cause or the Performance Unit holder resigns for good reason, such holder shall be entitled as of the termination of employment to an additional 12 months of vesting of the Performance Unit to the extent unvested as of the termination of employment. The following table summarizes, as of April 30, 2008, the outstanding performance units granted to Guangfu Cui, our Chief Executive Officer, certain of our current key employees and consultant and to our other employees as a group since our board of directors adopted the 2004 Plan. As of April 30, 2008, 19,406 performance units have been settled in ordinary shares.
Performance Unit Holder |
Ordinary Shares underlying Performance Units (1) |
Date of grant | |||
Other Employees |
2,250 | November 14, 2005 | |||
Hal Fiske |
4,072 | October 2, 2006 | |||
Other Employees |
29,786 | October 2, 2006 | |||
Justin Tang |
6,667 | (2) | March 6, 2007 | ||
Barney Harford |
6,668 | (3) | March 6, 2007 | ||
Chris Chan |
41,886 | April 30, 2007 | |||
James Li |
2,682 | April 30, 2007 | |||
Other Employees |
111,590 | April 30, 2007 | |||
Kenneth Liao |
55,556 | December 6, 2007 | |||
Certain Consultant |
44,298 | (4) | December 6, 2007 | ||
Guangfu Cui |
111,112 | September 4, 2007 | |||
Chris Chan |
25,414 | (5) | January 9, 2008 | ||
Kenneth Liao |
5,084 | (5) | January 9, 2008 | ||
James Li |
50,826 | (5) | January 9, 2008 | ||
Other Employees |
308,776 | (5) | January 9, 2008 | ||
Jack Wang |
53,334 | January 9, 2008 | |||
Jason Xie |
72,464 | January 9, 2008 | |||
Qi Chen |
74,626 | January 9, 2008 | |||
Yu Zheng |
73,440 | January 9, 2008 | |||
Other Employees |
201,560 | January 9, 2008 | |||
Total |
1,282,091 |
(1) |
Such performance units are payable upon vesting by our delivering to the holder that number of our ordinary shares that is equal to the number of performance units then vested. Unless otherwise noted below, 20% of the performance units vest on the first year anniversary of the date the recipient began employment with the us and an additional 20% vest on each of the second, third, fourth and fifth year anniversaries of such date. |
(2) |
Mr. Tang, one of the members of our board of directors, had been granted 10,000 performance units under the 2004 Plan. One third of the performance units vest on January 1 of each of 2008, 2009 and 2010 and are payable upon vesting either in cash payment equal to the then fair market value of the underlying ordinary shares so vested or in the number of our ordinary shares that is equal to the number of performance units then vested. 3,333 performance units vested on January 1, 2008 and Mr. Tang received a cash payment upon vesting of such 3,333 performance units. |
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(3) |
Mr. Harford, one of the members of our board of directors, had been granted 10,000 performance units under the 2004 Plan. One third of the performance units vest on January 1 of each of 2008, 2009 and 2010 and are payable upon vesting either in cash payment equal to the then fair market value of the underlying ordinary shares so vested or in the number of our ordinary shares that is equal to the number of performance units then vested. 3,332 performance units vested on January 1, 2008 and Mr. Harford received 3,332 ordinary shares. |
(4) |
We entered into a services agreement with Expedia with respect to the secondment of an Expedia employee to eLong to provide advice on improvements in eLongs operations and service. Under this agreement, the Expedia employee was granted 44,298 performance units under our 2004 Plan, 50 percent (50%) of which will vest on each of the first and second anniversaries of the start date of the Expedia employees consulting services. |
(5) |
Such performance units are payable upon vesting by our delivering to the holder that number of our ordinary shares that is equal to the number of performance units then vested. Unless otherwise noted below, 40%, 30% and 30% of the performance units will vest on each of the 3rd, 4th and 5th anniversaries of the grant date, respectively. |
Options Granted to Expedia Asia Pacific
On August 4, 2004, we granted to Expedia Asia Pacific an option to purchase 711,429 ordinary shares at an exercise price of US$5.25 per share. The option mirrors the terms and conditions of the 1.66 million options granted to certain of our employees and officers on July 23, 2004 under our 2004 Plan. The option becomes exercisable by Expedia Asia Pacific each time any such officer or employee exercises any of such 1.66 million options. In connection with each exercise by an employee or officer, Expedia Asia Pacific is entitled to exercise a portion of its option such that Expedia Asia Pacific would receive (if Expedia Asia Pacific exercises to the fullest extent in connection with such employee or officer exercise) 30% of the aggregate ordinary shares issued to such employee or officer and Expedia Asia Pacific in connection with such employee or officer exercise. To the extent that any such officers or employees options terminate or expire without being exercised, an amount of Expedia Asia Pacifics option equal to 30% of (i) such officers or employees terminated or expired options divided by (ii) 0.70, will likewise terminate or expire.
In addition, on October 1, 2004, we entered into a stock option agreement with Expedia Asia Pacific, pursuant to which, in exchange for Expedia Asia Pacifics giving its consent to the issuance of 250,000 options to Messrs. Chen or Zheng, we granted to Expedia Asia Pacific an option to purchase up to 260,204 of our ordinary shares at a purchase price of US$5.25 per ordinary share. The option mirrors the terms and conditions of the 250,000 options granted to Messrs. Chen or Zheng on October 1, 2004. The option becomes exercisable by Expedia Asia Pacific each time either of Messrs. Chen or Zheng exercises any of the 250,000 options. In connection with each exercise by either of Messrs. Chen or Zheng, Expedia Asia Pacific is entitled to exercise a portion of its option such that Expedia Asia Pacific would receive (if Expedia Asia Pacific exercises to the fullest extent in connection with such officer exercise) 51% of the aggregate ordinary shares issued to either Messrs. Chen or Zheng and Expedia Asia Pacific in connection with such officer exercise. To the extent that either of Messrs. Chens or Zhengs options terminate or expire without being exercised, an amount of Expedia Asia Pacifics option equal to 51% of (i) Messrs. Chens or Zhengs terminated or expired options divided by (ii) 0.49, will likewise terminate or expire.
As of April 30, 2008, 487,339 options granted to Expedia Asia Pacific on August 4, 2004 had forfeited as a result of the expiration of certain employees options and 260,204 options granted to Expedia Asia Pacific on October 1, 2004 had expired as a result of the expiration of Messrs. Chens or Zhengs options. As of April 30, 2008, Expedia Asia Pacific held an option to purchase 224,090 ordinary shares.
Employees
As of December 31, 2007, we employed approximately 1,777 full-time and part-time employees. We believe we have good relationships with our employees, including relationships with employees represented by works councils or other similar organizations.
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The following table sets forth the number of our employees categorized by function as of the dates indicated.
As of December 31, | |||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||
General and administrative |
199 | 206 | 203 | ||||
Cost of services |
706 | 870 | 957 | ||||
Sales and marketing |
718 | 459 | 365 | (1) | |||
Services development |
433 | 318 | 252 | ||||
Total |
2,056 | 1,853 | 1,777 | (2) | |||
(1) |
This number includes our 224, 201 and 130 third-party sales agents in 2005, 2006 and 2007. The agents are individuals who signed commission agreements, not employment agreements, with us. The agents are independent contractors who control their work schedules and do not enjoy the employee benefits mentioned above. |
(2) |
This number includes 188, three and six part-time workers and 131, 50 and 115 interns in 2005, 2006 and 2007. In 2005, 170 of the part-time workers and 131 of the interns were contracted or hired by Raytime. The part-time workers are those who work less than four hours per working day. The interns consist of students and trainees who are hired under an intern or training contract. Once they complete the internship, they are eligible to be hired as our full-time employees. Both the part-time workers and the interns are independent contractors who control their work schedules and do not enjoy the employee benefits mentioned above. |
The decrease in our number of employees from 2005 to 2006 was primarily due to the sale of the Raytime and online dating division businesses. The decrease in staff from 2006 to 2007 was primarily due to suspending the vacation package service business in July 2007 and exiting some traditional sales channels at the end of 2007.
On January 1, 2008, we decided to transfer certain third-party sales agents into employment relationship. At the same day, we converted 89 such agents into our employees and signed the employment agreements with them.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Expedia, through its affiliates, holds 28,550,704 (or 100%) of our high-vote ordinary shares, each of which is entitled to 15 votes. Each of our ordinary shares is entitled to one vote. Our high-vote ordinary shares and our ordinary shares vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a shareholder vote, including the election of the members of our board of directors. As a result, Expedia controls approximately 95% of the voting power of all shares of our voting stock. In addition, certain other shareholders are parties to an investors agreement with Expedia Asia Pacific under which they have agreed to vote their ordinary shares in the election of directors designated by Expedia. Accordingly, Expedia generally is able to exercise control over all matters requiring approval by our board of directors or our shareholders.
As of April 30, 2008, 22,040,232 of our ordinary shares were outstanding and 28,550,704 of our high-vote ordinary shares were outstanding, excluding shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and shares issuable upon the settlement of vested performance units. On that date, a total of 9,373,464 of our ADSs (equivalent to 18,746,928 ordinary shares) were outstanding. As of April 30, 2008, of our ordinary shares, 99.7% are held of record by holders who are United States persons and all of our high-vote ordinary shares are held of record by one holder who is a United States person. As of April 30, 2008, there were 7 holders of record of our ordinary shares in the United States. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change in control of our company.
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The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership, within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, of our ordinary shares as of April 30, 2008 by:
| each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our ordinary shares; and |
| each of our directors and senior executive officers. |
Shares beneficially owned(1) | ||||||
Amount | % | |||||
Principal Shareholders |
||||||
Expedia, Inc.(2)* |
52,821 | 0.24 | % | |||
The Eureka Interactive Fund Limited(3) |
1,502,400 | 6.82 | % | |||
Purple Mountain Holding, Ltd.(4)* |
4,344,998 | 19.71 | % | |||
Lawrence Auriana(5)* |
3,911,111 | 17.74 | % | |||
Executive Officers and Directors |
||||||
Guangfu Cui |
| | ||||
Chris Chan |
| | ||||
Justin Tang(6)* |
4,651,248 | 18.42 | % | |||
James Li |
| | ||||
Kenneth Liao |
| | ||||
Jack Wang |
| | ||||
Jason Xie |
| | ||||
Qi Chen |
| | ||||
Yu Zheng |
| | ||||
Barney Harford |
* * | * * | ||||
Henrik Vilhelm Kjellberg(7) |
* * | * * | ||||
Thomas Gurnee |
* * | * * | ||||
Michael Doyle |
* * | * * | ||||
Arthur Hoffman |
| | ||||
Johan Svanstrom |
| | ||||
Leo Austin |
| | ||||
Michael Scown |
| |
(1) |
Beneficial ownership is determined and calculated in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. |
(2) |
Represents ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of an option held by Expedia Asia Pacific, a subsidiary of Expedia, that have vested. Expedia Asia Pacific is the record holder of an option to purchase 224,090 ordinary shares of eLong, Inc. of which options to purchase 52,821 ordinary shares are currently exercisable. Expedia Asia Pacific also holds 28,550,704 of our high-vote ordinary shares, which represents 100% of the outstanding shares of that class. The high-vote ordinary shares beneficially owned by Expedia represent 95.11% of the total voting power of all of our shares. Expedia beneficially owns approximately 56.48% of our outstanding shares on a fully-diluted basis. Expedia Asia Pacific is an indirect subsidiary of Expedia. Barry Diller is the Chairman and Senior Executive of Expedia and, by virtue of a stockholders agreement with Liberty Media Corporation that grants him an irrevocable proxy to vote shares of Expedia stock beneficially owned by Liberty Media and as well as shares he owns directly, Mr. Diller also generally has the ability to control the outcome of all matters submitted to a vote of Expedias stockholders (except with regard to certain specified matters). The address for Expedia is 3150 139th Avenue S.E., Bellevue, WA 98005. |
(3) |
The Eureka Interactive Fund Limited, is an exempted company incorporated with limited liability in the Cayman Islands which operates as an open-ended investment fund that directly beneficially owns the ordinary shares. Marshall Wace LLP, incorporated in England, serves as investment manager or adviser to the fund operated by Eureka Interactive Fund Limited. Marshall Wace Asset Management Limited, a company incorporated with limited liability in England and Wales, serves as the managing member of the |
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investment manager. Mr. Paul Marshall and Mr. Ian Wace are co-founders and equity owners of the investment manager and serve on the investment committee that is responsible for the investment decisions of the investment manager and therefore indirectly beneficially owns the ordinary shares by virtue of such position. Mr. Marshall is the chairman of this committee. Mr. Mark Hawtin and Mr. Duncan Ford are equity owners of the investment manager and also serve on the investment committee that is responsible for the investment decisions of the Investment Manager. The address for the Eureka Interactive Fund Limited is The Adelphi, 13th Floor, 1/11 John Adam Street London WC2N 6HT. |
(4) |
Represents (i) 1,438,748 ordinary shares of which 1,438,746 ordinary shares are represented by 719,373 our American Depositary Shares, and (ii) 2,906,250 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of options held by Purple Mountain Holding Ltd that are fully vested as of April 30, 2008. Purple Mountain Holding, Ltd. holds no additional options. Investment power over the securities held by Purple Mountain Holding Ltd. rests with Mr. Tang. The address for Purple Mountain Holding Ltd. is #3701, Fortune Plaza, 7 Dong San Huan Middle Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100020, Peoples Republic of China. |
(5) |
Represents 3,911,111 ordinary shares held for the benefit of Mr. Auriana. Mr. Auriana has placed his shares in a discretionary trust account with Sandgrain Securities Inc., with Angelo Frank Perrone being authorized to direct the disposition of such shares. As a result, Sandgrain Securities Inc. and Mr. Perrone may be deemed to beneficially own the shares. The address for Mr. Auriana is 140 E. 45th Street, 43Fl, New York, NY 10017. |
(6) |
Includes 1,438,748 ordinary shares and 2,906,250 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of options held by Purple Mountain Holding, Ltd. that are fully vested as of April 30, 2008. Mr. Tang holds ultimate investment power over the securities held by Purple Mountain Holding, Ltd. In addition, this number includes 306,250 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of options held by Mr. Tang that are fully vested as of April 30, 2008. Neither Mr. Tang nor Purple Mountain Holding, Ltd. holds any additional options whether vested or unvested. The address for Mr. Tang is #3701, Fortune Plaza, 7 Dong San Huan Middle Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100020, Peoples Republic of China. |
(7) |
The ordinary shares held represent less than 1% and are represented by our American Depositary Shares purchased in the open market. |
* | These shareholders (either directly or through entities over which they control) are parties to an investors agreement, dated July 23, 2004, among us and the other parties named therein, including Expedia Asia Pacific, Billable Development, Ltd., Lawrence Auriana, Peter Lerner, Ira S. Nordlicht and Helen S. Scott, JTWROS, Purple Mountain Holding, Ltd., Time Intelligent Finance Limited, Mind Trade Assets Limited, Gold Partner Consultants Limited, Top River Assets Limited, Wang Gui Ying, Sun Li Ming, Wang Yi Jie and Pan Dai. These shareholders in the aggregate, beneficially own 7,090,626 ordinary shares of our company and 2,959,071 ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of options held by such shareholders that have vested or that will vest within 60 days from April 30, 2008. Pursuant to the investors agreement, these shareholders have agreed to vote any shares of our capital stock held by each such shareholder for the election of directors and other matters in the manner provided in the agreement, including for the election of directors designated by Expedia. By virtue of the investors agreement, Expedia may be deemed to beneficially own all of the shares held by these shareholders that are parties to the investors agreement. See Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and EmployeesDirectors, Executive Officers and Senior Management for a more detailed description of the election of our directors under the investors agreement. |
** | Less than 1%. |
Related Party Transactions
Our Transactions with Expedia Asia Pacific
Transaction Agreement and Non-Compete Covenant. On August 4, 2004, we entered into a transaction agreement with Expedia Asia Pacific, an affiliate of Expedia, in connection with the initial investment by Expedia Asia Pacific in eLong, which eventually gave Expedia Asia Pacific and its ultimate parent company, Expedia, beneficial ownership of approximately 52% of our outstanding shares on a fully-diluted basis and approximately 95% of the voting power in us. The Transaction Agreement also provides that, as long as Expedia Asia Pacific holds more than a 15% economic interest in us (unless it transfers the voting rights with respect to
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that interest to us), Expedia Asia Pacific and its affiliates will be prohibited from, directly or indirectly, owning, managing, operating or otherwise controlling any entity or business which operates a travel service in China or which markets travel services specifically to Chinese residents without our consent. The non-compete restriction is subject to exceptions for certain pre-existing businesses, such as Expedias private label arrangements with third-party websites that are operated within China that promote Expedias travel services to Chinese residents (including travel services provided in China) on their websites. In addition, Expedia Asia Pacific and it affiliates are not restricted from acquiring entities or participating in joint ventures or strategic relationships with entities that engage in a competitive business, so long as the assets and revenues attributable to the competitive business do not exceed 10% of the assets or revenues of the acquired entity, the joint venture or our company.
Certain other Business Arrangements with Expedia
We have entered into the following agreements or arrangements with Expedia, an affiliate of Expedia Asia Pacific, with respect to the business aspects described below. At this time, none of the agreements or arrangements is material to our business. The agreements are known to and approved by our audit committee.
Inventory Procurement Agreement. In August 2006, the Company entered into a contract with Travelscape LLC, which is ultimately controlled by Expedia, Inc. The Company provides Chinese hotel inventory procuring, rating and availability negotiating service to Travelscape LLC. RMB 2,944,925 (US$403,713) of revenue was recognized in 2007 under this agreement. At the end of 2007, the balance due from Travelscape LLC was RMB 1,258,875 (US$172,576). The contract was terminated as of March 2008.
Global hotel inventory sourcing. We entered into an agreement with Expedia whereby we access Expedias global hotel inventory in order to allow us to sell Expedia hotel products and for which we will pay to Expedia an agreed percentage of the revenues received under the agreement. In 2007, RMB 6,570,281 (US$900,705) was charged by Expedia. As at the end of 2007, the balance due to Expedia was RMB 682,762 (US$93,598).
Private Label Technology Use. We entered into an arrangement with TravelScape whereby we and or one of our subsidiaries are able to use Expedias private label technology in order to offer Expedia hotel, vacation package, car rental and destination services inventory for sale to our customers and for which we will share in the gross profits relating to such inventory. We recorded revenue of RMB 110,383 (US$15,132) in 2007 pursuant to the agreement.
Virtual Tours. We have agreed with Expedia to enter into an arrangement whereby we charge Expedia for each virtual tour we produce on behalf of Expedia. The agreement has not yet been finalized and no revenues have been recognized for the project.
Master Software Licensing Agreement. We have agreed to enter a cooperation with Expedia in the form of a software licensing agreement with Expedia in order to allow Expedia to share code and schema with us. No revenue or expenses were recorded in 2007 pursuant to this arrangement, as the agreement has not yet been documented in a written contract.
Splash Page. We agreed to enter into an arrangement with Expedia whereby Expedia maintains a splash page in China which invites visitors to use our website instead of Expedias, and for which Expedia will share in the revenue from the resulting transactions. The contract has not yet been signed and no revenues have been recognized for the project.
Guarantee. We signed a guarantee letter in January 2006 to use our commission from Beijing Gui Bin Lou Hotel to guarantee Expedias US dollar payments for its customers reservations with this hotel. In 2006, there were no fees paid by Expedia or us under this arrangement. In June 2007 we rescinded the guarantee letter due to lack of underlying transactions.
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eLong-Expedia Sublease. We entered into a 24-month sublease agreement with Expedia in November 2006. Pursuant to such agreement, eLong Information subleased to Expedias wholly foreign owned enterprise, or Expedia WFOE, Expedia Business Service (Beijing) Co., Ltd., certain office space, located in Xingke Plaza, 10 Middle Jiuxianqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, PRC. Under the sublease agreement, the Expedia WFOE shall pay RMB 809 per month of rent and utility fees to eLong Information. Such arrangement has been approved by our lessor and is consistent with market rates.
Master Agreement for Consulting Services between Expedia and eLong. We entered into a master agreement for consulting services with Expedia on July 1, 2005. Pursuant to this agreement, an Expedia employee was seconded to eLong to provide certain consulting services during the period between April 2, 2007 and October 1, 2007. Pursuant to the agreement, we were required to pay to Expedia a monthly consulting fee and cover a one-time resettlement allowance and certain of the Expedia employees housing and travel allowances during his secondment. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we recorded a total expense of RMB 644,063 under this agreement.
Services Agreement. We entered into a services agreement with Expedia with respect to the secondment of an Expedia employee to eLong to provide advice on improvements in eLongs operations and service. Under this agreement, we are required to pay Expedia a fixed annual consulting fee and cover a one-time resettlement allowance and certain of the Expedia employees housing and travel allowances. Pursuant to this agreement, the Expedia employee was granted 44,298 performance units under our 2004 Plan, 50 percent (50%) of which will vest on each of the first and second anniversaries of the start date of the Expedia employees consulting services. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we recorded a total expense of RMB 634,485 under this agreement. The Expedia employee also entered into our standard non-competition, non-solicitation, confidential information and work product assignment agreements.
Agreement between Expedia and eLong with respect to Services provided by our Interim CEO. We entered into a services agreement with Expedia that became effective as of April 16, 2007, with respect to the services of our former Interim CEO, Henrik Kjellberg, who is an Expedia employee. Pursuant to the service agreement, we were required to pay to Expedia a monthly service fee equivalent to one half of Mr. Kjellbergs base salary during the period that Mr. Kjellberg served as our Interim CEO. Under the terms of the agreement, Mr. Kjellbergs housing, transportation and education allowances in Hong Kong were borne by Expedia and Mr. Kjellbergs expenses related to traveling to and from China, including accommodations in China, in order to perform his duties as our Interim CEO were borne by us. Mr. Kjellberg resigned as our Interim CEO effective as of October 8, 2007, the date Mr. Guangfu Cui became our CEO. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we recorded a total expense of RMB 494,373 under this agreement.
Mr. Kjellberg has also entered into our standard form Confidentiality and Non-Compete Agreement which includes terms protecting us against competition and disclosure of confidential information. In the agreement the parties acknowledged that Mr. Kjellberg simultaneously acted as President of Expedia Asia Pacific during the term of his services as our Interim CEO and that his proper performance of this role would not be deemed to be in violation of his Non-Compete Agreement with eLong, provided that Mr. Kjellberg or our management duly disclosed any potential conflicts of interest to our audit committee.
Strategic Agreement with Expedia Corporate Travel, LLC. On November 12, 2007, we entered into a strategic agreement with Expedia Corporate Travel, LLC (ECT), an affiliate of Expedia Asia Pacific, pursuant to which ECT, through one or more of its affiliates (ECT China), is allowed to partner with us to offer travel consulting services in China. Subject to ECTs and ECT Chinas on-going performance of their obligations under this strategic agreement, we have agreed to waive the non-compete restrictions under the transaction agreement between Expedia Asia Pacific and us which prohibit Expedia Asia Pacific and its affiliates (including ECT and ECT China) from, directly or indirectly, operating a travel service in China or marketing travel services specifically to Chinese residents. In consideration of our waiver, ECT China will pay us a waiver fee based on the revenues received by ECT China that are attributable to supplier revenue arising out of an ECT China clients
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purchase of (i) China domestic air tickets and/or China outbound air tickets (the air revenues) and/or (ii) lodging in China (the hotel revenues). Under this agreement, during the first 1.5 years, ECT China will pay us 33% of its air revenues and 20% of its hotel revenues; from 1.5 to 4.5 years, ECT China will pay us 20% of its air revenues and 10% of its hotel revenues; and from 4.5 to 10 years (or such later time as is provided in the agreement), ECT China will pay us 10% of its air revenues and 5% of its hotel revenues. This revenue-sharing fee constitutes a minimum fee in exchange for our waiver and will be paid to us even if we do not provide any travel fulfillment services to ECT China, provided that, after the first 1.5 years, if we enter into a separate fulfillment services contract with ECT China based on industry-standard terms, we may receive a higher revenue-sharing fee. During the year ended December 31, 2007, no waiver fees or other revenues have been paid by ECT or ECT China to us.
Sublease Agreement. On January 1, 2008, our subsidiary eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., or eLong Information, entered into a one-year sublease agreement with Expedia Business Service (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (or Expedia Business Services), an affiliate of Expedia Corporate Travel, LLC (ECT). Pursuant to such agreement eLong Information subleased to Expedia Business Services certain office space located at 2nd Floor, 10# 777, Guangzhou West Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, PRC. Under the sublease agreement, Expedia Business Services will pay RMB110.33 per square meter per month of rent and utility fees to eLong Information. Such arrangement has been approved by our lessor and is consistent with market rates.
Arrangements with our Affiliated Chinese Entities
Our subsidiary eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., or eLong Information conducts operations in China through a series of contractual arrangements with our affiliated Chinese entities, which hold the licenses and permits required to conduct our business. These affiliated Chinese entities include:
| Beijing Information, which holds a license for Internet content provision services (which includes the right to issue online advertisements), a license for call center services, and a license for short messaging services. |
| Beijing Media, which holds a license to provide advertising services. |
| Beijing Air, which holds the domestic and international air ticketing licenses. |
| Beijing Travel, which holds a license for domestic PRC travel and international (inbound/outbound) travel services. |
| Hangzhou Air, which holds a domestic and international air ticketing licenses. |
| Beijing XICI Interactive Information Technology Co. Ltd. or XICI ICP, which plans to apply for an ICP license and a special Bulletin Board System (BBS) permit. |
As of April 30, 2008, Justin Tang, one of the members of our board of directors, Raymond Huang, our Investor Relations Manager, and Veronica Chen, our former Director of Finance, own 75%, 12.5% and 12.5%, respectively, of Beijing Information as our nominees; Mr. Tang and Guangfu Cui, our Chief Executive Officer, own 75% and 25% respectively, of Beijing Media as our nominees; Beijing Information and Beijing Media own 80% and 20%, respectively, of Beijing Air; Beijing Information and Beijing Air own 70% and 30%, respectively, of Beijing Travel; and Beijing Air own 100% of Hangzhou Air. We are in the process of replacing certain nominee shareholders for Beijing Information (Veronica Chen and Raymond Huang) with certain employees approved by our Board and management.
Beijing Information
Technical services agreement. Beijing Information and eLong Information have entered into an amended and restated technical services agreement. Under the agreement, eLong Information has the exclusive right to provide Beijing Information with technical services relating to its website operations. eLong Information has also
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granted Beijing Information a non-exclusive license to use certain software owned by eLong Information. The term of the agreement is identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extensions thereto, and may be terminated by eLong Information at any time. Beijing Information has agreed to make quarterly payments to eLong Information for the technical services and the software license, and such payments are based on market prices as mutually agreed by the parties. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Equity interests pledge agreements. Justin Tang, Raymond Huang and Veronica Chen have entered into separate agreements with eLong Information. Under the agreements, Mr. Tang, Mr. Huang, and Ms. Chen have pledged their entire respective ownership interests in Beijing Information to eLong Information to secure the payment obligations of Beijing Information under the technical services agreement described above and the obligations of Beijing Information under the trade mark license agreement, the domain name license agreement, the cooperative agreement and the business operation agreement. Upon the occurrence of certain events of default specified in the agreements, including the failure of Beijing Information to make required payments of the technical service fees and the software license fees to eLong Information under the technical services agreement described above or to perform any of its obligations under the cooperative agreement, the business operation agreement, the trade mark license agreement and the domain name license agreement, eLong Information may enforce the equity interests pledge by complying with certain procedures required by law. The term of each agreement is identical to the term of the technical services agreement described above. These agreements are governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreements will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Trademark license agreement. Beijing Information and eLong Information have entered into an amended and restated trademark license agreement. Under this agreement, eLong Information has granted Beijing Information a non-exclusive license to use certain trademarks, provided that such license cannot be sublicensed. The agreement has a term identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extensions thereto and may be terminated by eLong Information with 30-day notice. Beijing Information agrees to pay eLong Information license fees based on market rates. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Domain name license agreement. Beijing Information and eLong Information have entered into an amended and restated domain name license agreement. Under this agreement, eLong Information has granted Beijing Information the right to use certain domain names including www.eLong.com and www.eLong.net. The agreement has a term identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extensions thereto, and may be terminated by eLong Information with a 30-day notice. Beijing Information has agreed to pay eLong Information a license fee based on market rates. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Cooperative agreement. Beijing Information and eLong Information have entered into an amended and restated cooperative agreement. Under the agreement, eLong Information has agreed to:
| develop the hotel-booking market by negotiating with hotels on behalf of Beijing Information; |
| provide relevant market and hotel information to Beijing Information; |
| send booking orders to hotels and accept confirmation responses from hotels for Beijing Information; and |
| accept commissions and services fees from hotels on behalf of Beijing Information. |
Under this agreement, Beijing Information has also agreed to publish prices, market information and other relevant information on its website and process customer orders and other relevant matters through the Internet
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and our call center. eLong Information is obligated to pay Beijing Information quarterly an information and service fee based on market prices. The term of this agreement is identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extension thereto. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Business operation agreement. Beijing Information, Justin Tang, Raymond Huang and Veronica Chen, and eLong Information have entered into a business operation agreement. Under this agreement, eLong Information has agreed to provide guarantees for performance by Beijing Information of contracts, agreements or transactions with third parties in connection with its business operations. In return, Beijing Information has agreed to pledge its accounts receivable and mortgage or pledge all its assets to eLong Information. eLong Information may, at its sole discretion, provide Beijing Information any performance guarantee and working capital loan guarantee in connection with Beijing Informations business operations. In addition, Beijing Information, Mr. Tang, Mr. Huang, and Ms. Chen have each agreed not to enter into any transaction that would substantially affect the assets, rights, obligations or operations of Beijing Information without prior written consent from eLong Information. Furthermore, Mr. Tang, Mr. Huang and Ms. Chen have agreed that upon instruction from eLong Information, they will appoint or remove Beijing Informations directors and executive officers and accept eLong Informations guidance regarding the day-to-day operations and financial and personnel management of Beijing Information. The term of this agreement is identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extensions thereto and may be terminated by eLong Information with a 30-day notice. Under this business operation agreement, if any of the agreements between eLong Information and Beijing Information terminates or expires, eLong Information has the right but without obligation to terminate any other agreements between eLong Information and Beijing Information, including without limitation this business operation agreement. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Loan agreement. eLong Information lent RMB 12,000,000, RMB 2,000,000, and RMB 2,000,000 to Justin Tang, Raymond Huang and Veronica Chen, respectively, for making contributions to the registered capital of Beijing Information. The full principal amount of such loans is still outstanding as of April 30, 2008. During the fiscal year 2007, the largest amount outstanding under these loans was RMB 12,000,000, RMB 2,000,000, and RMB 2,000,000, respectively. The loans are interest free and have a repayment term of ten years and may be extended by the parties upon mutual agreement. In addition, in the event that we exercise our option to purchase the 100% equity interest in Beijing Information pursuant to an option agreement described below, the loan will accelerate and be repaid by the proceeds from the exercise of our option. Under this circumstance, the loans will be discharged. In addition, under certain conditions such as the incapacity of Mr. Huang, Ms. Chen or Mr. Tang, or the termination of employment with us of Mr. Tang, Mr. Huang or Ms. Chen the repayments under the loan agreement might accelerate. This agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China. On consolidation, the loans to the officers and employees as discussed above are eliminated.
Agreement relating to exclusive purchase right of equity interest. Justin Tang, Raymond Huang and Veronica Chen have each entered into separate agreements relating to exclusive purchase right of equity interest with eLong, Inc., Beijing Information and eLong Information. Under these agreements, we and any third party designated by us have the right, at any time, when applicable Chinese laws and regulations change to permit foreign invested companies to operate an Internet content provision business, to purchase from Mr. Tang, Mr. Huang and Ms. Chen their respective equity interests in Beijing Information. The exercise price of the option is at an aggregate price equal to the actual paid-in registered capital of Beijing Information (or pro rata portion thereof, as appropriate) unless otherwise specified under PRC laws. The proceeds from the exercise will be applied to repay the loans extended to Mr. Tang, Mr. Huang and Ms. Chen, unless otherwise agreed by the parties in accordance with the requirement of prevailing applicable laws. The term of each of these agreements is twenty years. The agreements are governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreements will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
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Beijing Media
Advertising technical consulting and services agreement. Beijing Media and eLong Information have entered into an amended and restated advertising technical consulting and services agreement. Under this agreement, eLong Information has the exclusive right to provide Beijing Media with technical services relating to the latters advertising operations conducted through www.elong.com. eLong Information has also granted Beijing Media a non-exclusive license to use certain software owned by eLong Information. The term of this agreement is identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extensions thereto, and may be terminated by eLong Information at any time. Beijing Media is required to pay eLong technical consulting and service fees and software license fees based on market prices as agreed by the parties. This agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Equity interests pledge agreements. Justin Tang and Guangfu Cui have entered into separate equity pledge agreements with eLong Information. Under the agreements, Mr. Tang and Mr. Cui have pledged their entire respective ownership interests in Beijing Media to eLong Information to secure the payment obligations of Beijing Media under the advertising technical consulting and services agreement described above and the obligations of Beijing Media under the business operation agreement and the trademark license agreement. Upon the occurrence of certain events of default specified in the agreements, including the failure of Beijing Media to pay service fees and the software license fees to eLong Information under the advertising technical consulting and services agreement or to perform any of its obligations under the business operation agreement and the trademark license agreement, eLong Information may enforce the equity interest pledge by complying with certain provisions required by law. The term of each agreement is identical to the term of the advertising consulting and services agreement described above. This agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Cooperative agreement. Beijing Media and Beijing Information have entered into a cooperative agreement. Under this agreement, eLong Information has agreed to provide website hosting and information services to Beijing Media. Beijing Media is obligated to pay Beijing Information for such website hosting and information services based on market prices. The term of this agreement is identical to the term of incorporation of Beijing Media including any extension thereto. This agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Business operation agreement. Beijing Media, Justin Tang, Guangfu Cui, and eLong Information have entered into a fourth amended and restated business operation agreement. Under this agreement, eLong Information has agreed to provide guarantees for performance by Beijing Media of contracts, agreements or transactions with third parties in connection with its business operations. In return, Beijing Media has agreed to pledge its accounts receivable and mortgage or pledge all its assets to eLong Information. eLong Information may, at its sole discretion, provide Beijing Media any working capital loan guarantee in connection with its business operations. In addition, Beijing Media, Mr. Tang and Mr. Cui have each agreed not to enter into any transaction that would substantially affect the assets, rights, obligations, or operations of Beijing Media without prior written consent from eLong Information. Furthermore, Mr. Tang and Mr. Cui have agreed that upon instruction from eLong Information, they will appoint or remove Beijing Medias directors and executive officers and accept eLong Informations guidance regarding the day-to-day operations and financial and personnel management of Beijing Media. The term of this agreement is identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extensions thereto, and may be terminated by eLong Information with a 30-day notice. Under this business operation agreement, if any of the agreements between eLong Information and Beijing Media terminates or expires, eLong Information has the right but without obligation to terminate any other agreements between eLong Information and Beijing Media, including without limitation this business operation agreement. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
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Loan agreement. eLong, Inc. Justin Tang, Guangfu Cui have entered into a fourth amended and restated loan agreement, pursuant to which eLong, Inc. lent RMB375,000 and RMB125,000 to Justin Tang and Guangfu Cui, respectively, for making contributions to the registered capital of Beijing Media. The full principal amount of such loans is still outstanding as of April 30, 2008. During the fiscal year 2007, the largest amount outstanding under these loans was RMB 375,000 (US$48,052) and RMB 125,000, (US$16,017) respectively. The loans are interest free and have a repayment term of ten years and may be extended by the parties upon mutual agreement. In addition, in the event that we exercise our option to purchase the 100% equity interest in Beijing Media pursuant to an option agreement, described below, the loan will be repaid by the proceeds from the exercise of our option. Under this circumstance, the loans will accelerate and be discharged. In addition, under certain conditions such as the incapacity of Mr. Cui or Mr. Tang, or the termination of employment with us of Mr. Tang or Mr. Cui, the repayments under the loan agreement may accelerate. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China. On consolidation, the loans to the officers and employees as discussed above are eliminated.
Agreements relating to exclusive purchase right of equity interest. Justin Tang and Guangfu Cui have each entered into separate agreements relating to the exclusive purchase right of equity interest with eLong, Inc., Beijing Media and eLong Information. Under these agreements, we and any third party designated by us have the right, at any time, when applicable Chinese laws and regulations change, to permit foreign invested companies to operate an advertising business, and to purchase from Mr. Tang and Mr. Cui their respective equity interests in Beijing Media. The exercise price of the options is at an aggregate price equal to the actual paid-in registered capital of Beijing Media, (or pro rata portion thereof, as appropriate) unless otherwise specified under the PRC laws. Upon the exercise of the options, the proceeds from the exercise will be applied to repay the loans extended to Mr. Tang and Mr. Cui, unless otherwise agreed by the parties in accordance with the requirement of prevailing applicable laws. The term of each of these agreements is twenty years. The agreements are governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Trademark license agreement. Beijing Media and eLong Information have entered into a trademark license agreement. Under this agreement, eLong Information has granted Beijing Media a non-exclusive license to use certain trademarks, provided that such license cannot be sublicensed. The agreement has a term identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extensions thereto, and may be terminated by eLong Information with 30-day notice. Beijing Media agrees to pay eLong Information license fees based on market rates. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Beijing Air
Technical consulting and services agreement. Beijing Air and eLong Information have entered into an amended and restated technical consulting and services agreement. Under this agreement, eLong Information has the exclusive right to provide Beijing Air technical services relating to its air ticketing business conducted by Beijing Air through www.elong.com. eLong Information has also granted Beijing Air a non-exclusive license to use certain software owned by eLong Information. The term of the agreement is identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extensions thereto, and may be terminated by eLong Information at any time. Beijing Air has agreed to pay eLong Information service fees and software license fees based on market prices as agreed by the parties. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Equity interest pledge agreement. Beijing Information, eLong Information and Beijing Media have entered into an amended and restated equity interest pledge agreement with eLong Information. Under the agreements Beijing Information and Beijing Media have pledged their entire respective ownership interests in Beijing Air to eLong Information to secure the payment obligation of Beijing Air under the technical consulting and services agreement described above and the performance of the obligations under the business operation agreement and the trademark license agreement. Upon the occurrence of certain events of default specified in the agreement, including the failure of Beijing Air to make required payments of the technical services fees and the software
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license fees to eLong Information under the technical consulting and services agreements described above or to perform any of its obligations under the business operation agreement and the trademark license agreement, eLong Information may enforce the equity interest pledge by complying with certain procedures required by law. The agreement has a term identical to the term of the technical consulting and services agreement described above. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Business operation agreement. Beijing Air, Beijing Information, Beijing Media and eLong Information have entered into an amended and restated business operation agreement. Under this agreement, eLong Information has agreed to provide guarantees for the performance by Beijing Air of contracts, agreements or transactions with third parties in connection with its business operations. In return, Beijing Air has agreed to pledge its accounts receivable and mortgage or pledge all its assets to eLong Information. eLong Information may, at its sole discretion, provide Beijing Air any working capital guarantee in connection with its business operations. In addition, Beijing Air, Beijing Information and Beijing Media have each agreed that they will not enter into any transaction that would substantially affect the assets, rights, obligations or business operations of Beijing Air without prior written consent from eLong Information. Furthermore, Beijing Information and Beijing Media have each agreed that upon instruction from eLong Information, they will appoint or terminate Beijing Airs directors and executive officers and accept eLong Informations guidance regarding the day-to-day operations and financial and personnel management of Beijing Air. The term of this agreement is identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extensions thereto and may be terminated by eLong Information with a 30-day notice. Under this business operation agreement, if any of the agreements between eLong Information and Beijing Airs terminates or expires, eLong Information has the right but without obligation to terminate any other agreements between eLong Information and Beijing Airs, including without limitation this business operation agreement. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Cooperative agreement. Beijing Air and Beijing Information have entered into an amended and restated cooperative agreement. Under this agreement, Beijing Information has agreed to provide website hosting services and call center services to Beijing Air. Beijing Air has agreed to pay quarterly information service fees to Beijing Information based on market prices. The term of this agreement is identical to the term of incorporation of Beijing Air including any extensions thereto. This agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Trademark license agreement. Beijing Air and eLong Information have entered into a trademark license agreement. Under this agreement, eLong Information has granted Beijing Air a non-exclusive license to use certain trademarks, provided that such license cannot be sublicensed. The agreement has a term identical to the term of incorporation of eLong Information including any extensions thereto and may be terminated by eLong Information with 30-day notice. Beijing Air agrees to pay eLong Information license fees based on market rates. The agreement is governed by the laws of the PRC and disputes arising under the agreement will be resolved by binding arbitration in China.
Other Related Party Transactions
In January 2006, we entered into a termination and settlement agreement with Justin Tang, our former President and Chief Executive Officer, in connection with the termination of Mr. Tangs employment with us, which was effective as of February 17, 2006. Under the terms of the agreement, Mr. Tang provided us with a general release of any claims related to his employment with the Company. We acknowledged that (i) under the terms of the 2001 Plan and the terms of his employment agreement, Purple Mountain Holding Ltd.s (an entity over which Mr. Tang has ultimate investment power and to whom Mr. Tang had previously transferred a portion of his options) option to purchase 2,875,000 ordinary shares had vested and (ii) under the terms of the 2004 Plan and the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Tangs option to purchase 262,500 ordinary shares had vested. We also agreed that in consideration for the benefits provided by Mr. Tang under the termination and settlement
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agreement, Purple Mountain Holding Ltd.s option would also vest with respect to an additional 31,250 ordinary shares and Purple Mountain Holding Ltd. would have until 60 days after Mr. Tang ceases to be our director for any reason to exercise the outstanding vested options. In addition, we agreed that Mr. Tangs option would vest with respect to an additional 43,750 ordinary shares, and that Mr. Tang would have until 60 days after he ceases to be our director for any reason to exercise the outstanding vested options. The accelerated options resulted in compensation expenses of RMB 410,800 being recognized in 2006. The remaining unvested option to purchase 393,750 ordinary shares was forfeited on February 17, 2006. Finally, we agreed to relax the sale restrictions placed on Mr. Tang and Purple Mountain Holding Ltd. to allow for the sale or transfer of enough ordinary shares to cover a cashless option exercise of such portion, as more fully described in the termination and settlement agreement, of the options held by Mr. Tang and Purple Mountain Holding Ltd. in the event Mr. Tang ceases to be our director as a result of being removed by our board of directors or our shareholders and not as a result of his resignation.
See the descriptions of (i) the termination and settlement agreement with Thomas SooHoo, our former Chief Executive Officer and director and (ii) the resignation and settlement agreement with Derek Palaschuk, our former CFO, under the heading Employment Agreements with Executive Officers in Item 6 in this annual report.
See also the description of our employment agreements with our executive officers under the heading Employment Agreements with Executive Officers in Item 6 of this annual report.
In 2007, we paid RMB 750,000 (US$102,800) in rent for accommodations to related parties of our senior management. These payments included rental payments for the residence of our former CEO Thomas SooHoo, which residence is owned by his spouse. The payments were made pursuant to employment agreements with the relevant senior managers, and were at market rates.
Lease Agreement for CEOs Residence. In June 2006, pursuant to Mr. SooHoos employment agreement, we entered into a 2-year lease agreement with Mr. SooHoos spouse whereby we paid RMB 70,000 (US$9,596) per month to lease Mr. SooHoos residence. The rental rate includes the cost of management fees and utilities and is at a market rate. The lease agreement has been terminated, effective June 15, 2007, in connection with Mr. SooHoos resignation from our company, with the final rent payment to be made through July 12, 2007.
eLong-Match.com eDodo Sale. In September 2006, we (along with our subsidiary and affiliated Chinese Entity) entered into an asset purchase agreement and a cooperation agreement with Match.com (and two Match subsidiaries) for the disposition of our online dating division business operated under the name eDodo. The total purchase price for the disposition was US$ 14,625,000. The disposition was effective in October 2006 at which time the purchased assets and employees were transferred to the purchasers, and 90% of the purchase price was paid to us by Match.com. The remaining 10% of the purchase price was placed in escrow and will be released 18 months from the closing subject to satisfaction of agreed upon conditions. The agreements contain confidentiality and non-compete provisions. The cooperation agreement provides for general support services, including technology, human resources, finance, payroll, and legal, to be provided by us to the Match parties at market rates, based on time records to be provided by us. During 2007 the various service fees charged by us under the cooperation agreement were RMB 627,921 ($US 86,080) (2006: RMB 206,228). In addition, during the 18 month term of the cooperation agreement, we are obligated to provide, at no additional charge, to the Match parties billing support services.
Match.com is a wholly owned subsidiary of InterActiveCorp (IAC). Barry Diller is the Chairman and chief executive officer of IAC. Through his own holdings and the stockholders agreement between Mr. Diller and Liberty Media Corporation, Mr. Diller generally has the ability to control the outcome of all matters submitted to a vote of IACs stockholders (except with regard to certain specified matters). Expedia, through Expedia Asia Pacific, is the indirect owner of approximately 52% of our outstanding shares on a fully-diluted basis and holds approximately 95% of our voting power. Mr. Diller is Expedias Chairman and Senior Executive
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and holds more than a 50% voting interest in Expedia through his holdings and a stockholders agreement between Mr. Diller and Liberty Media Corporation. The buyer (Match) and seller (eLong) in the project therefore are entities under common control, under US GAAP. The eDodo asset transfer to Match.com and subsidiaries is thus accounted for as transfer of assets to a company under common control. Accordingly, no gain is recognized as a result of the transfer and the excess of net sale proceeds over the carrying value of the net assets sold (RMB 94.17 million) are recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital.
eLong-Match.com China Sublease. We entered into a 24-month sublease agreement with Match.com (Match) in June, 2006, in which eLong Information subleased to Matchs wholly foreign owned enterprise, or the Match WFOE, Five Star Marketing Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., certain office space, located in Xingke Plaza, 10 Middle Jiuxianqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, PRC. Under the sublease agreement, the Match WFOE shall pay RMB 33,396 per month of rent and utility fees to eLong Information. Such arrangement has been approved by our lessor and is consistent with market rates.
eLong-Interval International Sublease. In June 2006, we entered into a 12 month extension of a June 2005 sublease agreement with Interval International Singapore (Pte) Ltd. (Interval International), an affiliate of IAC. Under this agreement, eLong Information subleased to Interval International certain minor office space, located in Xingke Plaza, 10 Middle Jiuxianqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. Under the sublease agreement, Interval International shall pay rent of US$500 per month (including utilities fees) to eLong Information. This arrangement has been approved by our lessor and is consistent with market rates. In June 2007, the sublease was renewed for an additional one year term.
Consolidated Financial Statements
See Item 18. Financial Statements and pages F-1 through F-33 of this annual report.
Other Financial Information
Legal Proceedings
We are not a party to any material litigation or administrative proceedings, nor are we currently aware of any pending or threatened litigation or arbitration proceedings that could have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations or financial condition.
We may become subject to other legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, in the future. Any litigation involves potential risk and potentially significant litigation costs, and therefore there can be no assurance that any litigation which may arise in the future would not have such a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Dividend Policy
Since our establishment, we have not declared or paid any dividends on our ordinary shares. We did not and do not intend to pay any dividends in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will also depend, among other things, on our future results of operations and cash flow, our growth prospects, our capital requirements, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries in China and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Any future cash dividends on the outstanding shares would be declared by and subject to the discretion of our board of directors and must be approved at our companys annual general meeting of shareholders.
Holders of ADSs would be entitled to receive dividends, if any, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, to the same extent as holders of ordinary shares, less the fees and expenses payable under the deposit agreement, and after deduction of any applicable taxes.
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Significant Changes since December 31, 2007
No significant change has occurred since December 31, 2007, the date of the audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
Nature of Trading Market
General
Our ADSs trade on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol LONG. The depositary for our ADSs is JPMorgan Chase Bank. As of April 30, 2008, there were a total of 9,373,464 ADSs outstanding.
Trading on the Nasdaq National Market
Public trading of our ADSs commenced on October 28, 2004. Each ADS represents two of our ordinary shares.
For 2004 (October 28, 2004 through December 31, 2004), the trading price of our ADSs on Nasdaq ranged from a high of US$25.99 to a low of US$13.51 per ADS. For the year ended December 31, 2005, the trading price of our ADSs ranged from a high of US$19.15 to a low of US$7.50 per ADS. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the trading price of our ADSs ranged from a high of US$16.39 to a low of US$10.03 per ADS. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the trading price of our ADSs ranged from a high of US$13.99 to a low of US$7.10 per ADS.
The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low prices for the ADSs on the Nasdaq National Market.
eLong ADSs Nasdaq National Market | ||||
High | Low | |||
US$ | US$ | |||
Most Recent Fiscal Quarters |
||||
January 3, 2006 through March 31, 2006 |
13.30 | 10.14 | ||
April 3, 2006 through June 30, 2006 |
15.55 | 12.07 | ||
July 3, 2006 through September 29, 2006 |
15.17 | 13.39 | ||
October 2, 2006 through December 29, 2006 |
14.96 | 13.01 | ||
January 3, 2007 through March 31, 2007 |
13.99 | 9.51 | ||
April 2, 2007 through June 30, 2006 |
10.41 | 9.20 | ||
July 2, 2007 through September 28, 2007 |
10.42 | 8.59 | ||
October 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007 |
12.28 | 7.10 | ||
January 2, 2008 through March 31, 2008 |
8.77 | 7.38 | ||
High | Low | |||
US$ | US$ | |||
Most Recent Six Months |
||||
November 2007 |
10.27 | 7.10 | ||
December 2007 |
8.29 | 7.53 | ||
January 2008 |
8.34 | 7.38 | ||
February 2008 |
8.67 | 7.69 | ||
March 2008 |
8.77 | 7.97 | ||
April 2008 |
9.37 | 8.62 |
On April 30, 2008, the last sale price per ADS on the Nasdaq National Market was US$9.37.
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Item 10: Additional Information
Memorandum and Articles of Association
The information called for by Item 10B (Memorandum and Articles of Association) is incorporated by reference to the information under the heading Description of Share Capital in eLongs Registration Statement on Form F-1 (Registration Number 333-119606), as filed with the SEC on October 27, 2004.
Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business within the past two fiscal years, other than those described elsewhere in this annual report or listed in Item 19: Exhibits.
We have terminated the following material contract in 2006:
Sina
eLongNet Information Technology and Beijing Sina Internet Information entered into a three year cooperation agreement (the Sina Contract) effective June 2005 under which we would pay approximately US$1 million per year to Sina for our advertising on Sinas website. Due to certain performance issues, on July 10, 2006 we terminated the Sina Contract pursuant to a termination and settlement agreement under which we agreed to enter into a contract with a third party advertising agency, appointed by Sina (the AdCo Contract). Under the AdCo Contract we are entitled to place advertisements on Sinas website following our payment to the advertising company. The AdCo Contract requires payments by us of RMB2 million (US$0.25 million) per year.
Exchange Controls
The principal regulation governing foreign currency exchange in China is the Foreign Currency Administration Rules (1996), as amended. Under these rules, the Renminbi is freely convertible for trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not for direct investment, loans or investments in securities outside China without the prior approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the Peoples Republic of China, or SAFE. In addition, the aggregate of (i) the balance of an FIEs short-term loans from outside China, (ii) the cumulative medium / long-term loans from outside China, and (iii) the balance of the loans guaranteed by any entity or individual outside China, shall not exceed the difference of the FIEs total investment and registered capital.
Pursuant to the Foreign Currency Administration Rules, foreign-invested enterprises in China may purchase foreign exchange without the approval of SAFE for trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions by providing commercial documents evidencing these transactions. They may also retain foreign exchange, subject to a cap approved by SAFE, to satisfy foreign exchange liabilities or to pay dividends. However, the relevant Chinese government authorities may limit or eliminate the ability of foreign-invested enterprises to purchase and retain foreign currencies in the future. In addition, foreign exchange transactions for direct investment, loan and investment in securities outside China are still subject to limitations and require approvals from SAFE.
Taxation
The following discussion summarizes certain Cayman Islands tax and United States federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change. Although the following discussion does not purport to describe all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a prospective purchaser of our ADSs or shares, this discussion summarizes certain Cayman Islands tax
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consequences to a holder of ADSs or shares that is not resident (in the case of an individual) or domiciled (in the case of a legal entity) in the Cayman Islands (in either case, referred to herein as not resident or as a non-resident) and does not have a permanent establishment or fixed base located in the Cayman Islands through which such ADSs or shares are held, and certain material United States federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder (as that term is defined below) of ADSs or shares that is not resident (in the case of an individual) or domiciled (in the case of a legal entity) in the Cayman Islands (in either case, referred to herein as not resident or as a non-resident) and does not have a permanent establishment or fixed base located in the Cayman Islands through which such ADSs or shares are held.
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levy no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties that may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution brought within the jurisdiction of, the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands are not party to any double taxation treaties. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
United States Federal Income Taxation
The following discussion is a summary of the material United States federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to the purchase, ownership or sale of our ADSs or ordinary shares.
This discussion is general in nature and does not discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation which may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances, including investors subject to special U.S. taxation rules, such as:
| banks; |
| dealers in securities or currencies; |
| financial institutions; |
| insurance companies; |
| tax-exempt organizations; |
| persons holding ADSs or ordinary shares as part of hedging, conversion, constructive sale, straddle or other integrated transactions; |
| traders in securities that have elected the mark-to-market method of accounting; |
| persons who own 5% or more of our shares; |
| U.S. persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; or |
| Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below). |
This discussion is based in part on representations by the depositary and assumes that each obligation under the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. Furthermore, the discussion below is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, and U.S. Treasury regulations (including temporary and proposed regulations), rulings and judicial decisions thereunder as of the date hereof. Such authorities are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis, which may result in U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those discussed below.
A U.S. Holder considering an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares is urged to consult its own tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income and other tax consequences.
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A U.S. Holder for purposes of this discussion is a beneficial owner of ADSs or ordinary shares that is a U.S. person. A U.S. person is:
| a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; |
| an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation, regardless of its source; or |
| a trust if it is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
A beneficial owner of ADSs or ordinary shares that is not a U.S. Holder is referred to herein as a Non-U.S. Holder.
If a partnership holds ADSs or ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership holding ADSs or ordinary shares is urged to consult its own tax advisor regarding an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares.
ADSs. In general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder of ADSs will be treated as the owner of the underlying ordinary shares that are represented by such ADSs. Deposits and withdrawals of ordinary shares in exchange for ADSs will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation.
Distributions on ADSs or ordinary shares. Subject to the application of the passive foreign investment company rules, as discussed below, the gross amount of any distributions in respect of the ADSs or ordinary shares will be subject to tax as dividend income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Subject to certain limitations, dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, may be eligible for a reduced rate of taxation if we are deemed to be or will be treated as a qualified foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and provided that such holder satisfies certain holding period requirements with respect to the ownership of our ADS, or ordinary shares. Subject to the exceptions discussed below, dividends paid by a foreign corporation will be treated as being paid by a qualified foreign corporation if the corporation is:
| a corporation incorporated in a possession of the United States; |
| a foreign corporation that is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program; or |
| a foreign corporation whose stock with respect to which a dividend is paid or whose ADSs backed by such stock are readily tradable on an established securities market within the United States. |
A foreign corporation (even if it is a corporation described above) does not constitute a qualified foreign corporation if the foreign corporation is a passive foreign investment company. Although we believe that dividends paid by us will be treated as being paid by a qualified foreign corporation, no assurance can be given in this regard. In addition, our status as a qualified foreign corporation may change. A U.S. Holder that exchanges its ADSs for ordinary shares may not be eligible for the reduced rate of taxation on dividends if the ordinary shares are not deemed to be readily tradable on an established securities market within the United States.
Dividends will be includable in a U.S. Holders gross income on the date actually or constructively received by the depositary, in the case of ADSs or, in the case of ordinary shares, by such U.S. Holder. These dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.
To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will first be treated as a tax-free return of capital, causing a reduction in the adjusted basis of the ADSs or ordinary shares, and the balance in excess of adjusted basis will be taxed as capital gain.
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Sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares. Subject to the application of the passive foreign investment company rules, as discussed below, upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the sale, exchange or other disposition and the adjusted tax basis of the U.S. Holder in the ADSs or ordinary shares. The capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of sale, exchange or other disposition, the U.S. Holder has held the ADS or ordinary share for more than one year. Net long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss that a U.S. Holder recognizes generally will be treated as gain or loss from sources within the United States for U.S. foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
Passive foreign investment company rules. In general, we will be classified as a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year in which either (a) at least 75% of our gross income is passive income or (b) at least 50% of the value (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person), annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. If we own at least 25% by value of the equity shares of another corporation, we will be treated for purposes of the passive foreign investment company tests as owning a proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation, and as receiving directly a proportionate share of the other corporations income.
We believe, based on the projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, that we should not be classified as a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes, although no assurance can be given in this regard. Whether we are a passive foreign investment company for any particular taxable year is determined on an annual basis and will depend on the composition of our income and assets, including goodwill. The calculation of goodwill will be based, in part, on the then market value of our capital stock, which is subject to fluctuation. In addition, the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how we spend the cash we raised in our initial public offering. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a passive foreign investment company in the current or any future taxable year.
If we are a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder has an equity interest in us, unless the U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election as discussed below, such U.S. Holder will be subject to special tax rules in any future taxable year, regardless of whether we are classified as a passive foreign investment company in such future years with respect to (a) excess distributions and (b) gain from the disposition of stock. Excess distributions are defined generally as the excess of the amount received with respect to the equity interests in the taxable year over 125% of the average annual distributions received in the shorter of either the three previous years or a U.S. Holders holding period before the taxable year and must be allocated ratably to each day of the U.S. Holders holding period.
Taxation of Holders of ADSs or Shares in Other Countries
Holders or potential holders of our ADSs who are resident or otherwise taxable in countries other than the United States are urged to consult their own tax advisors concerning the overall tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ADSs.
Documents on Display
We have previously filed with the SEC our registration statement on Form F-1, as amended, and prospectus under Securities Act with respect to our ADSs.
We are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. Under the Exchange Act, we are required to file reports and other
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information with the SEC. Specifically, we are required to file annually a Form 20-F no later than six months after the close of each fiscal year, which is December 31. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and our officers, directors, and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
Copies of reports and other information, when so filed, may be inspected without charge and may be obtained at prescribed rates at the public reference facilities maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission at Room 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains an Internet site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its EDGAR system.
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Unless otherwise required by Nasdaqs Marketplace Rules or the rules and regulations of the Exchange Act, we will make available our annual reports on Form 20-F (which will include annual audited consolidated financial statements) to our shareholders by posting the annual reports on our website, provided that a hard copy of our annual reports will be provided to shareholders upon request, free of charge.
Subsidiary Information
For a listing of our subsidiaries, see Item 4 of this annual report, Information on the CompanyOrganizational Structure.
Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
Please refer to Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsQuantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Item 12: Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
Not applicable.
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Not applicable.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Use of Proceeds
The following discussion relates to the initial public offering our ADSs by us and certain selling shareholders, pursuant to a registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-119606), which was completed on November 2, 2004. The registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on October 27, 2004.
We received net proceeds (after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses related to the offering) of approximately US$42 million from the offering 4,602,547 ADSs, representing 9,205,094 ordinary shares. None of the transaction expenses included payments to our directors, executive officers, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates. Deutsche Bank Securities, WR Hambrecht + Co, and Allen & Company LLC were the underwriters for the offering.
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We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of our ADSs by the selling shareholders.
From November 2, 2004 through April 30, 2008, we have used a minor portion of the net proceeds from our initial public offering to fund the acquisitions of the Raytime and Fortunetrip enterprises, and also to fund a minor percentage of our operations. The majority of our operations are funded through our operating revenues.
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, Guangfu Cui and our CFO, Chris Chan, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of December 31, 2007. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the material financial and non-financial information required to be disclosed in this annual report on Form 20-F and filed with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner. Based on this evaluation, our management, including our CEO and CFO, concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007. Our management has reviewed its assessment with our audit committee.
Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG, has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting. The report on the audit of internal control over financial reporting appears in this Form 20-F.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
eLong, Inc.:
We have audited eLong, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). eLong, Inc.s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
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A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, eLong, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of eLong, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007, and our report dated June 24, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/
KPMG
Hong Kong, China
June 24, 2008
Limitations on Controls.
Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all misstatements, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the sound control procedures. Any control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within eLong have been detected.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
As required by Rule 13(a)-15(d), under the Exchange Act, our management, including our CEO and CFO, also conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, it has been determined that there has been no such change during the period covered by this annual report.
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert.
The audit committee of our board of directors currently consists of Leo Austin, Michael Scown, and Thomas Gurnee, who also serves as the chairman of the audit committee. Our board of directors has determined
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that all of our audit committee members are independent under Nasdaqs Marketplace Rules and Section 10A(m) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Mr. Gurnee is an audit committee financial expert as defined in Item 16A of the Instructions to Form 20-F and that Messrs. Austin and Scown each has the requisite financial knowledge and experience to be qualified to serve as a member of our audit committee.
Item 16B. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.
Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to every employee of our company, including our CEO and CFO, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, consistent with the requirements of the Nasdaq National Market. During 2007 we made certain minor revisions or amendments to our code of ethics, which are applicable to every employee of our company, to clarify our existing rules relating to data security, appropriate payment levels, and contract approval procedures. Our code of ethics is posted on our website at: www.eLong.com, under the Investor Relations page.
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
KPMG have acted as the independent public accountants of our company and its subsidiaries for 2006 and 2007. The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by KPMG for the periods indicated.
2006 | 2007 | |||
RMB | RMB | |||
(in 000) | (in 000) | |||
Audit Fees(1) |
3,446 | 4,515 | ||
All Other Fees |
200 | | ||
Total |
3,646 | 4,515 | ||
(1) |
Audit Fees are the aggregate fees billed by KPMG for the audit of our consolidated annual financial statements and procedures related to our quarterly financial statements. We were billed by KPMG approximately RMB3.4million for 2006, and RMB4.5million (US$0.6 million) for 2007 in Audit Fees. We have not yet been fully billed by KPMG for audit fees in relation to the year ended December 31, 2007. |
Our audit committee is responsible for the retention of our independent registered public accounting firm, which currently is KPMG. Our audit committee has adopted its own rules of procedure, in the form of an audit committee charter. The audit committees rules of procedure provide for a process with respect to the prior approval of all non-audit services to be performed by our independent auditors. Our audit committee reports to our board of directors regarding the scope and results of our annual audits, compliance with our accounting and financial policies and managements procedures and policies related to the adequacy of our internal accounting controls.
Our audit committee was formed during 2004. In 2007 our audit committee pre-approved all of the audit services provided by KPMG.
Item 16D: Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
In December 2004, Expedia Asia Pacific exercised its warrant and on January 7, 2005, purchased 17,362,134 of our high-vote ordinary shares for an aggregate cash purchase price of US$107.8 million, or US$6.21 per share (the equivalent of $12.42 per ADS). We used approximately one-half of the proceeds from
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Expedia Asia Pacifics warrant exercise, or US$53,909,426.07, or US$6.21 per share, to purchase 8,681,067 ordinary shares from certain of our existing shareholders. The repurchase from existing shareholders were made pursuant to the agreements entered into with these shareholders in July 2004 in connection with Expedia Asia Pacifics initial investment in us and the issuance of the warrant to Expedia Asia Pacific. In April 2006, a post-closing adjustment was made such that the warrant exercise price and share repurchase price was adjusted to $6.20434 per share (the equivalent of $12.40868 per ADS). The warrant exercise price and share repurchase price are no longer subject to any adjustments. Notwithstanding the adjustment in the warrant exercise price, we did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2006 or the year ended December 31, 2007.
On February 27, 2008, we announced the approval by our board of directors of a share buy back of up to US$20 million.
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
Our consolidated financial statements are included in this annual report at pages F-1 through F-33.
1.1 | Second Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association of Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 from Amendment No. 1 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 12, 2004). | |
1.2 | Second Amended and Restated Articles of Association of Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 from Amendment No. 1 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 12, 2004). | |
2.1 | Warrant Agreement by and among Registrant and IACT Asia Pacific Limited (an entity currently known as Expedia Asia Pacific) dated July 23, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
2.2 | Deposit Agreement between Registrant and JPMorgan Chase Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99(a) to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-6 (file no. 333-119617) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 8, 2004). | |
2.3 | Amendment No. 1 to Deposit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99(a)(2) to the companys Post-Effective Registration Statement on Form F-6 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2005). | |
3.1 | Investors Agreement by and among the Registrant, IACT Asia Pacific Limited (an entity currently known as Expedia Asia Pacific) and the other persons who are parties thereto dated as of July 23, 3004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004. | |
4.1 | Stock Option Agreement by and between Registrant and IACT Asia Pacific Limited (an entity currently known as Expedia Asia Pacific) dated July 23, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). |
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4.2 | Stock Option Agreement by and between Registrant and IACT Asia Pacific Limited (an entity currently known as Expedia Asia Pacific) dated October 1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.3 | Letter Agreement by and between Registrant and IACT Asia Pacific Limited (an entity currently known as Expedia Asia Pacific) dated October 1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.4 | Employment Agreement by and between eLong, Inc., InterActiveCorp, and Justin Tang dated July 23, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.5 | Employment Agreement by and between eLong, Inc., InterActiveCorp, and Derek Palaschuk dated July 23, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.6 | Employment Agreement by and between eLong, Inc., InterActiveCorp, and Richard Chen dated July 23, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.7 | Employment Agreement by and between eLong, Inc., InterActiveCorp, and Frank Zheng dated July 23, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.8 | Employment Agreement by and between eLong, Inc. and Thomas SooHoo dated December 19, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2006). | |
4.9 | Amended and Restated Technical Services Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technologies (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Beijing eLong Information Technologies Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.10 | Amended and Restated Equity Interests Pledge Agreement by and between eLong Net Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Justin Tang dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.11 | Amended and Restated Trademark License Agreement between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.12 | Amended and Restated Domain Name License Agreement between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.13 | Amended and Restated Cooperative Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.14 | Amended and Restated Exclusive Purchase Right Agreement by and between Registrant, Justin Tang, eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., and Beijing eLong Information Technology |
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Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | ||
4.15 | Cooperative Agreement by and between Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd. and Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.16 | Trademark License Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.17 | Amended and Restated Advertising Technical Consulting and Services Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.18 | Amended and Restated Equity Interests Pledge Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Justin Tang dated as on July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.19 | Amended and Restated Exclusive Purchase Right Agreement by and between Registrant, Justin Tang, Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd., and eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission of October 7, 2004). | |
4.20 | Amended and Restated Technical Consulting Services Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing Air Services Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.21 | Amended and Restated Equity Interests Pledge Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing eLongNet Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.22 | Amended and Restated Business Operation Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing eLong Air Services Co., Ltd., eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.23 | Amended and Restated Cooperative Agreement by and between Beijing Air Services Co., Ltd. and Beijing eLong Information Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.24 | Trademark License Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Beijing eLong Air Services Co., Ltd. dated July 20, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). |
83
4.25 | Transaction Agreement by and among IACT Asia Pacific Limited (an entity currently known as Expedia Asia Pacific), InterActiveCorp, eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., eLongNet Hi-Tech (Beijing) Co. dated July 23, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.26 | Transfer and Escrow Contribution Agreement by and among IACT Asia Pacific Limited (an entity currently known as Expedia Asia Pacific), certain selling shareholders and Registrant dated July 23, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2004). | |
4.27 | eLong, Inc. Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to Amendment No. 1 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 12, 2004). | |
4.28 | eLong, Inc. Stock and Annual Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 to Amendment No. 1 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 12, 2004). | |
4.29 | Letter Agreement dated as of October 27, 2004 by and between eLong and IACT Asia Pacific Limited (an entity currently known as Expedia Asia Pacific) (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 4 to the companys Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-119606) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2004). | |
4.30 | The Second Amended and Restated Equity Interests Pledge Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Veronica Chen dated as of December 30, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.44 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.31 | The Second Amended and Restated Business Operation Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd., Justin Tang, Veronica Chen and Raymond Huang dated December 30, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.45 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.32 | The Second Amended and Restated Equity Interests Pledge Agreement between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Linda Dong dated December 30, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.46 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.33 | The Second Amended and Restated Equity Interests Pledge Agreement between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., and Raymond Huang dated December 30, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.47 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.34 | The Second Amended and Restated Business Operation Agreement among the eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd., Justin Tang, and Linda Dong dated December 30, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.48 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.35 | The Second Amended and Restated Exclusive Purchase Right Agreement by and among Registrant, Veronica Chen, Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd., and eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. dated December 30, 2004. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.49 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005) | |
4.36 | The Second Amended and Restated Exclusive Purchase Right Agreement by and among Registrant, Raymond Huang, Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd., and eLongNet Information |
84
Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. dated December 30, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.51 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | ||
4.37 | The Second Amended and Restated Exclusive Purchase Right Agreement by and between Registrant, Linda Dong, Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd., and eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. dated December 30, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.52 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.38 | The Equity Interests Pledge Agreement by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Tian Binbin dated as of March 22, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.56 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.39 | The Exclusive Purchase Right Agreement by and between Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd and Tian Binbin dated as of March 22, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.57 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.40 | The Second Amended and Restated Loan Agreement by and between Registrant, Justin Tang, Veronica Chen, and Raymond Huang dated December 30, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.58 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.41 | The Second Amended and Restated Loan Agreement by and between Registrant, Justin Tang and Linda Dong dated December 30, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.59 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.42 | The Loan Agreement by and between Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd. and Tian Binbin dated as of March 22, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.60 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2005). | |
4.43 | Termination Agreement by and between eLong, Inc. and SINA Corporation dated as of July 10, 2006. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.43 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2007) | |
4.44 | Termination Notice to Chan Chi Shan with respect to the termination of Lease Contract dated as of June 19, 2006. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.44 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2007) | |
4.45 | Form of Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of September 12, 2006, by and between Match.com Offshore Holdings, Ltd., Five Star Matchmaking Information Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd., eLong, Inc. and eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.45 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2007) | |
4.46 | Form of Content Cooperation Agreement dated as of October 2, 2006 by and between Five Star Matchmaking Information Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd., and eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.46 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2007) | |
4.47 | Termination and Settlement Agreement by and between eLong, Inc. and Richard Xue effective as of March 31, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.61 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2005). | |
4.48 | Termination and Settlement Agreement by and between eLong, Inc. and Justin Tang dated as of January 23, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.44 from Registrants Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2006). |
85
4.49 | Employment Agreement by and between eLong, Inc. and Chris Chan effective as of February 26, 2007. | |
4.50 | Termination and Settlement Agreement by and between eLong, Inc. and Thomas Soohoo, effective as of May 24, 2007. | |
4.51 | The Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated July 30, 2007 by and among Registrant, Justin Tang and Thomas Zheng. | |
4.52 | The Third Amended and Restated Equity Interests Pledge Agreement dated July 30, 2007 by and between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Thomas Zheng. | |
4.53 | The Third Amended and Restated Exclusive Purchase Right Agreement dated July 30, 2007 by and among Registrant, Thomas Zheng, Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd., and eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | |
4.54 | The Third Amended and Restated Business Operation Agreement dated July 30, 2007 by and among eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd., Justin Tang, and Thomas Zheng. | |
4.55 | Services Agreement by and between eLong, Inc. and Expedia Asia Pacific Limited on Henriks service as eLongs Interim Chief Executive Officer, effective as of April 16, 2007. | |
4.56 | Renewal of Employment Agreement by and between eLong, Inc. and Frank Zheng effective as of September 6, 2007. | |
4.57 | Renewal of Employment Agreement by and between eLong, Inc. and Richard Chen effective as of September 13, 2007. | |
4.58 | Employment Agreement by and between eLong, Inc. and Guangfu Cui, effective as of October 8, 2007. | |
4.59 | Strategic Agreement for Cooperation in the PRC Corporate Travel Market between eLong, Inc and Expedia Corporate Travel, LLC (ECT), effective as of November 12, 2007. | |
4.60 | Waiver Agreement by and between eLong Inc, eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Expedia Inc. effective as of November 13, 2007. | |
4.61 | The Fourth Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated December 28, 2007 by and between Registrant, Justin Tang and Guangfu Cui. | |
4.62 | The Fourth Amended and Restated Equity Interests Pledge Agreement dated December 28, 2007 between eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Guangfu Cui. | |
4.63 | The Fourth Amended and Restated Exclusive Purchase Right Agreement dated December 28, 2007 by and between Registrant, Guangfu Cui, Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd., and eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | |
4.64 | The Fourth Amended and Restated Business Operation Agreement dated December 28, 2007 by and among the eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing Asia Media Interactive Advertising Co., Ltd., Justin Tang, and Guangfu Cui. | |
8.1 | Subsidiaries of Registrant. | |
12.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(a). | |
12.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(a). | |
13.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code. | |
13.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code. | |
15.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | |
15.2 | Consent of TransAsia Lawyers. |
86
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing this annual report on Form 20-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on our behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: June 28, 2008
eLong, Inc. |
/s/ GUANGFU CUI |
Guangfu Cui Chief Executive Officer |
/s/ CHRIS CHAN |
Chris Chan Chief Financial Officer |
87
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
eLong, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of eLong, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of eLong, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in Note 2(h) and 13 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2006, the Company changed its method of accounting for employee share-based arrangements as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (Revised 2004), Share-based Payment. Further, as discussed in Note 2(w) to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2007, the Company changed its presentation of business tax and surcharges as permitted by Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No.06-3, How Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should Be Presented in the Income Statement (That is, Gross versus Net Presentation).
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), eLong, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated June 24, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007 have been translated into United States dollars solely for the convenience of the reader. We have audited the translation and, in our opinion, such financial statements expressed in Renminbi have been translated into United States dollars on the basis set forth in Note 2(d) to the consolidated financial statements.
/s/
KPMG
Hong Kong, China
June 24, 2008
F-1
eLong, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, | |||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2007 | |||||||
RMB (Note 3) |
RMB | US$ | |||||||
ASSETS | |||||||||
Current assets: |
|||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
1,199,322,679 | 1,138,446,505 | 156,067,023 | ||||||
Restricted assets |
| 11,274,166 | 1,545,550 | ||||||
Short-term investment |
| 19,120,000 | 2,621,117 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
28,237,397 | 41,138,242 | 5,639,547 | ||||||
Due from related parties |
2,098,705 | 924,024 | 126,672 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
10,682,685 | 15,644,755 | 2,144,704 | ||||||
Total current assets |
1,240,341,466 | 1,226,547,692 | 168,144,613 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
37,809,238 | 43,961,584 | 6,026,593 | ||||||
Goodwill |
30,000,019 | 30,000,019 | 4,112,634 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net |
3,745,944 | 2,192,265 | 300,533 | ||||||
Other non-current assets |
23,011,591 | 28,966,622 | 3,970,967 | ||||||
Total assets |
1,334,908,258 | 1,331,668,182 | 182,555,340 | ||||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY | |||||||||
Current liabilities: |
|||||||||
Accounts payable |
32,753,234 | 57,957,209 | 7,945,221 | ||||||
Income taxes payable |
14,707,758 | 1,238,452 | 169,777 | ||||||
Due to related parties |
3,373,739 | 4,528,560 | 620,810 | ||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
83,161,985 | 83,233,309 | 11,410,264 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
133,996,716 | 146,957,530 | 20,146,072 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
1,112,247 | 100,000 | 13,709 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
135,108,963 | 147,057,530 | 20,159,781 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
|||||||||
Shareholders equity |
|||||||||
Series A preferred shares: US$0.01 par value; Authorized shares: 8,205,620 Issued and outstanding shares: Nil |
| | | ||||||
Series B preferred shares: US$ 0.01 par value Authorized shares: 50,000,000 Issued and outstanding shares: Nil |
| | | ||||||
Ordinary shares: US$0.01 par value Authorized shares: 150,000,000 Issued shares: 23,023,671 and 23,073,671 Outstanding shares: 22,108,629 and 22,318,501 |
1,828,837 | 1,844,849 | 252,906 | ||||||
High vote ordinary shares: US$0.01 par value; Authorized shares: 50,000,000 Issued and outstanding shares: 28,550,704 |
2,362,999 | 2,362,999 | 323,938 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
1,297,692,517 | 1,308,046,907 | 179,317,153 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(28,566 | ) | | | |||||
Accumulated deficit |
(102,056,492 | ) | (127,644,103 | ) | (17,498,438 | ) | |||
Total shareholders equity |
1,199,799,295 | 1,184,610,652 | 162,395,559 | ||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
1,334,908,258 | 1,331,668,182 | 182,555,340 | ||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-2
eLong, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2007 | |||||||||
RMB (Note 3) |
RMB (Note 3) |
RMB | US$ | |||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Travel |
178,459,309 | 255,960,988 | 303,846,548 | 41,653,627 | ||||||||
Other |
11,869,843 | 8,582,692 | 11,550,123 | 1,583,380 | ||||||||
Total revenues |
190,329,152 | 264,543,680 | 315,396,671 | 43,237,007 | ||||||||
Business tax and surcharges |
10,487,647 | 14,702,612 | 17,810,292 | 2,441,572 | ||||||||
Net revenues |
179,841,505 | 249,841,068 | 297,586,379 | 40,795,435 | ||||||||
Cost of services |
40,446,988 | 62,245,355 | 82,497,585 | 11,309,405 | ||||||||
Gross profit |
139,394,517 | 187,595,713 | 215,088,794 | 29,486,030 | ||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Service development |
36,297,589 | 41,921,653 | 48,602,279 | 6,662,775 | ||||||||
Sales and marketing |
93,184,664 | 99,091,184 | 126,971,094 | 17,406,176 | ||||||||
General and administrative |
55,506,942 | 61,534,710 | 52,005,466 | 7,129,310 | ||||||||
Amortization of intangibles |
634,055 | 1,060,000 | 1,060,000 | 145,313 | ||||||||
Impairment of property and equipment and intangible assets |
| | 1,038,896 | 142,420 | ||||||||
Loss from operations |
(46,228,733 | ) | (16,011,834 | ) | (14,588,941 | ) | (1,999,964 | ) | ||||
Other income (expense): |
||||||||||||
Interest income |
30,940,838 | 51,429,793 | 55,470,781 | 7,604,361 | ||||||||
Foreign currency exchange loss, net |
(25,862,167 | ) | (33,016,052 | ) | (65,819,578 | ) | (9,023,055 | ) | ||||
Other income (expense), net |
(531,318 | ) | (10,775 | ) | 131,630 | 18,045 | ||||||
Total other income (expenses), net |
4,547,353 | 18,402,966 | (10,217,167 | ) | (1,400,649 | ) | ||||||
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
(41,681,380 | ) | 2,391,132 | (24,806,108 | ) | (3,400,613 | ) | |||||
Income tax expense |
1,603,154 | 2,835,259 | 885,343 | 121,369 | ||||||||
Loss from continuing operations |
(43,284,534 | ) | (444,127 | ) | (25,691,451 | ) | (3,521,982 | ) | ||||
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes (including gain on disposal of RMB 2,649,682 in 2006) |
(16,934,889 | ) | 1,226,768 | 112,260 | 15,389 | |||||||
Income tax expense of discontinued operations |
298,236 | 24,302 | 8,420 | 1,154 | ||||||||
Total earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes |
(17,233,125 | ) | 1,202,466 | 103,840 | 14,235 | |||||||
Net earnings (loss) before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |
(60,517,659 | ) | 758,339 | (25,587,611 | ) | (3,507,747 | ) | |||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |
| 282,072 | | | ||||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
(60,517,659 | ) | 1,040,411 | (25,587,611 | ) | (3,507,747 | ) | |||||
Basic earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
(0.87 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.51 | ) | (0.07 | ) | ||||
Discontinued operations |
(0.35 | ) | 0.02 | 0.00 | * | 0.00 | * | |||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |
| 0.01 | | | ||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per share |
(1.22 | ) | 0.02 | (0. 51 | ) | (0.07 | ) | |||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
(0.87 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.51 | ) | (0.07 | ) | ||||
Discontinued operations |
(0.35 | ) | 0.02 | 0.00 | * | 0.00 | * | |||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |
| 0.01 | | | ||||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share |
(1.22 | ) | 0.02 | (0.51 | ) | (0.07 | ) | |||||
*: | Representing per share amount which is less than RMB 0.01. |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
eLong, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity and Comprehensive Income (loss)
Ordinary shares | High vote Ordinary shares |
Stock warrant |
Additional paid-in capital |
Deferred compensation |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
Accumulated deficit |
Total shareholders equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Shares |
Amount | Number of Shares |
Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | |||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2004 |
28,652,551 | 2,372,079 | 11,188,570 | 926,022 | 84,906,056 | 673,132,565 | (40,107,620 | ) | 240,001 | (42,579,244 | ) | 678,889,859 | ||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on investment securities, net of taxes of nil |
| | | | | | | (171,765 | ) | | (171,765 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | | | | | | (60,517,659 | ) | (60,517,659 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive loss |
| | (60,689,424 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Grant of stock options and Performance Units |
| | | | | 5,178,429 | (5,178,429 | ) | | | | |||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
1,718,250 | 141,844 | | | | 11,320,517 | | | | 11,462,361 | ||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock warrants, net of expenses |
98,973 | 8,192 | 17,362,134 | 1,436,977 | (84,906,056 | ) | 966,551,480 | | | | 883,090,593 | |||||||||||||||||
Indemnity refund |
| | | | | (1,005,341 | ) | | | | (1,005,341 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Repurchase and cancellation of ordinary shares, net of expenses |
(8,681,067 | ) | (718,489 | ) | | | | (437,551,499 | ) | | | | (438,269,988 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred compensation, net of forfeiture impact |
| | | | | (2,815,249 | ) | 17,667,467 | | | 14,852,218 | |||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2005 |
21,788,707 | 1,803,626 | 28,550,704 | 2,362,999 | | 1,214,810,902 | (27,618,582 | ) | 68,236 | (103,096,903 | ) | 1,088,330,278 | ||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on investment securities, net of taxes of nil |
| | | | | | | (96,802 | ) | | (96,802 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net earnings |
| | | | | | | | 1,040,411 | 1,040,411 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
| | 943,609 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options and warrants |
319,922 | 25,211 | | | | 6,069,096 | | | | 6,094,307 | ||||||||||||||||||
Adoption of SFAS No.123R |
(27,618,582 | ) | 27,618,582 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation cost |
| | | | | 10,260,600 | | | | 10,260,600 | ||||||||||||||||||
Capital contribution from sale of business to entity under common control |
| | | | | 94,170,501 | | | | 94,170,501 | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2006 |
22,108,629 | 1,828,837 | 28,550,704 | 2,362,999 | | 1,297,692,517 | | (28,566 | ) | (102,056,492 | ) | 1,199,799,295 | ||||||||||||||||
F-4
eLong, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity and Comprehensive Income (loss)(Continued)
Ordinary shares | High vote Ordinary shares |
Stock warrant |
Additional paid-in capital |
Deferred compensation |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
Accumulated deficit |
Total shareholders equity |
||||||||||||||||
Number of Shares |
Amount | Number of Shares |
Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||
RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | RMB | ||||||||||||||||
Realized loss on investment securities upon disposal, net of taxes of nil |
| | | | | | 28,566 | | 28,566 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | | | | | (25,587,611 | ) | (25,587,611 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total comprehensive loss |
(25,559,045 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options and warrants |
192,718 | 14,721 | | | | 3,135,130 | | | | 3,149,851 | |||||||||||||
Exercise of Performance Units |
17,154 | 1,291 | | | | (1,291 | ) | | | | | ||||||||||||
Share-based compensation cost |
| | | | | 7,220,551 | | | | 7,220,551 | |||||||||||||
December 31, 2007 |
22,318,501 | 1,844,849 | 28,550,704 | 2,362,999 | | 1,308,046,907 | | | (127,644,103 | ) | 1,184,610,652 | ||||||||||||
December 31, 2007-US$ |
252,906 | 323,938 | | 179,317,153 | | | (17,498,438 | ) | 162,395,559 | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
eLong, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2007 | |||||||||
RMB | RMB | RMB | US$ | |||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
(60,517,659 | ) | 1,040,411 | (25,587,611 | ) | (3,507,747 | ) | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |
| | | | ||||||||
Minority interest (related to discontinued operations) |
(832,836 | ) | (111,573 | ) | | | ||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |
| (282,072 | ) | | | |||||||
Foreign exchange loss |
25,888,143 | 33,258,502 | 65,917,833 | 9,036,525 | ||||||||
Impairment loss of goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment |
17,544,663 | | 1,038,896 | 142,420 | ||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
3,557,148 | 957,149 | 2,206,673 | 302,508 | ||||||||
Loss on disposal of property and equipment |
60,409 | 414,395 | 208,229 | 28,546 | ||||||||
Depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of intangible assets |
9,964,548 | 12,813,406 | 16,565,314 | 2,270,901 | ||||||||
Utilization of pre-acquisition net operating loss carry forwards |
| 4,083,112 | | | ||||||||
Share based compensation |
14,801,571 | 12,221,421 | 6,002,062 | 822,809 | ||||||||
Gain on discontinued operations |
| (2,649,682 | ) | | | |||||||
Deferred income taxes |
502,186 | (3,237,776 | ) | (1,682,525 | ) | (230,653 | ) | |||||
Gain on disposal of investment |
| | (134,089 | ) | (18,382 | ) | ||||||
Changes in working capital, net of impact from acquisitions: |
||||||||||||
Accounts receivable |
966,032 | 5,460,245 | (14,497,502 | ) | (1,987,429 | ) | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
2,826,755 | (996,705 | ) | (4,641,390 | ) | (636,278 | ) | |||||
Other non-current assets |
(4,857,072 | ) | (4,136,713 | ) | (18,257,591 | ) | (2,502,891 | ) | ||||
Amounts due from related parties |
| (462,059 | ) | (1,707,080 | ) | (234,020 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable |
10,853,369 | 10,374,149 | 23,449,811 | 3,214,681 | ||||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
8,019,345 | 6,134,981 | (7,686,495 | ) | (1,053,726 | ) | ||||||
Amounts due to related parties |
1,701,363 | 1,672,376 | 1,154,821 | 158,312 | ||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
30,477,965 | 76,553,567 | 42,349,356 | 5,805,576 | ||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||||||
Capital expenditures |
(19,887,306 | ) | (20,661,826 | ) | (22,190,033 | ) | (3,041,981 | ) | ||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
(16,112,269 | ) | (7,894,780 | ) | (250,000 | ) | (34,272 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment |
237,048 | 615,178 | 206,437 | 28,300 | ||||||||
Proceeds from disposal of business, net direct expense |
| 113,947,501 | | | ||||||||
Increase in restricted assets |
| (11,384,231 | ) | (373,326 | ) | (51,178 | ) | |||||
Payment for short term investment |
| | (19,120,000 | ) | (2,621,117 | ) | ||||||
Payment relating to discontinued operations |
| | (15,567 | ) | (2,134 | ) | ||||||
Payments made on behalf of related parties |
| (1,636,646 | ) | (1,895,678 | ) | (259,874 | ) | |||||
Withdrawal of investment deposit |
2,950,000 | | | | ||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
(32,812,527 | ) | 72,985,196 | (43,638,167 | ) | (5,982,256 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||||||
Proceeds from warrants exercise, net of investment banking fee |
771,596,526 | | | | ||||||||
Repurchase of ordinary shares |
(393,651,851 | ) | | | | |||||||
Exercise of stock options and stock warrants |
11,462,362 | 6,094,306 | 3,149,851 | 431,806 | ||||||||
Payments for initial public offering costs |
(9,129,797 | ) | (8,487,133 | ) | | | ||||||
Repayment of short-term loan |
| (6,000,000 | ) | | | |||||||
Payments for Series B preferred shares offering costs |
(220,497 | ) | | | | |||||||
Proceeds from release of restricted cash, net of expenses |
24,001,565 | 75,706,911 | | | ||||||||
Proceeds received on behalf of related parties |
| | 4,777,439 | 654,928 | ||||||||
Payable to former shareholders |
| 26,693,515 | | | ||||||||
Receipts in advance (refund) in relation to share option exercise |
| 1,132,594 | (572,082 | ) | (78,425 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
404,058,308 | 95,140,193 | 7,355,208 | 1,008,309 | ||||||||
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash |
(23,210,169 | ) | (33,916,633 | ) | (66,942,571 | ) | (9,177,004 | ) | ||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
378,513,577 | 210,762,323 | (60,876,174 | ) | (8,345,375 | ) | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
610,046,779 | 988,560,356 | 1,199,322,679 | 164,412,398 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
988,560,356 | 1,199,322,679 | 1,138,446,505 | 156,067,023 | ||||||||
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |
||||||||||||
Cash paid for income taxes |
414,626 | 1,963,628 | 14,238,145 | 1,951,875 | ||||||||
Accrual for purchase of equipment and software |
6,721,588 | 4,823,503 | 5,521,328 | 756,906 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
ELong, Inc. (the Company through its consolidated subsidiaries and variable interest entities (VIEs) (collectively the Group), is principally engaged in the provision of travel services, including hotel information and reservation services, airline reservations and ticketing, and to a lesser extent, packaged-tour services, Internet-related advertising and other related services in the Peoples Republic of China (the PRC).
The Company, through its subsidiaries, conducts its operations in the PRC through a series of agreements with various VIEs. These VIEs are designed and used solely to facilitate the Companys participation in Internet content provision, short messaging, call center services, advertising business, travel agency and air-ticketing services, which are industries in the PRC in which foreign ownership is restricted. The Company does not have any direct equity interest in the VIEs. However, pursuant to certain agreements and arrangements with its VIEs, the Company has the economic controlling interest over and is the primary beneficiary of these entities.
The Company has an economic controlling interest over the VIEs through a series of related agreements, including exclusive technical services agreements, equity pledge agreements, operating agreements and loan agreements. Through these agreements, the Company is the primary beneficiary of these entities as it absorbs a majority of the VIEs expected losses and receives a majority of the VIEs expected residual returns. As a result, the financial position and results of the VIEs have been consolidated in the Companys consolidated financial statements.
As of December 31, 2007, Expedia Inc. controls approximately 95% of the Companys voting power and has the ability to control substantially all of the Companys management and business operations.
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) | Consolidation |
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and VIEs. All significant transactions and balances between the Company, its subsidiaries and VIEs have been eliminated upon consolidation.
(b) | Basis of presentation |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP).
(c) | Use of estimates |
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management of the Group to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual financial results could differ significantly from these estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include allowances for doubtful accounts and deferred income tax assets, provision for loyalty points, stock-based compensation, the allocation of the purchase price for the Companys business acquisitions, useful lives and residual values of property and equipment and intangible assets, and the recovery of the carrying values of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets.
F-7
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
(d) | Foreign currencies |
The Groups functional and reporting currency is the Renminbi (RMB.) Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the RMB are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates quoted by the Peoples Bank of China (PBOC) at the balance sheet dates. All such exchange gains and losses are included in foreign currency exchange loss, net in the consolidated statements of operations.
Translations of amounts from RMB into United States dollars (U.S. dollars) are solely for the convenience of the reader and are calculated at the rate of US$1.00 = RMB7.2946, representing the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers of RMB, as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, on December 31, 2007. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into U.S. dollars at that rate on December 31, 2007, or at any other rate.
(e) | Commitments and contingencies |
In the normal course of business, the Group is subject to contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters. Liabilities for such contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.
(f) | Revenue recognition |
The Groups revenues are principally derived from providing hotel reservations, air-ticketing and other related travel services. The Group recognizes revenues when all of the following have occurred: persuasive evidence of arrangement with the customer, services have been performed, fees are fixed or determinable and collectibility of the fees is reasonably assured. These criteria as related to the Groups revenues are considered to have been met as follows:
Hotel reservation services
The Group receives commissions from travel suppliers for hotel room reservations booked through the Group. Commissions from hotel reservation services rendered are recognized after hotel customers have completed their stay at the applicable hotel. The Group presents revenues from such transactions on a net basis in the statements of operations, as the Group acts as an agent, does not assume any inventory risk, and has no obligations to the hotel for cancelled hotel reservations. Contracts with certain travel suppliers contain escalating commissions that are subject to achieving specific performance targets. Such escalating commissions are recognized when the performance targets have been achieved.
Air-ticketing services
The Group receives commissions from travel suppliers for air-ticketing services booked through the Group. Commissions from air-ticketing services rendered are recognized upon the delivery of the ticket to the customer, net of estimated cancellations. Estimated cancellations were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007. The Group presents revenues from such transactions on a net basis in the statements of operations, as the Group acts as an agent, does not assume any inventory risk, and has no obligations for cancelled airline ticket reservations. Contracts with certain airlines contain discretionary escalating commissions that are paid to the Group subject to achieving specific performance targets. Such discretionary escalating commissions are recognized on a cash basis because the Group cannot reasonably estimate such commissions.
F-8
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Other travel services
The Group receives commissions from travel product providers for vacation package products and services booked through the Group. Commissions are recognized as revenue upon the delivery of the air ticket to the customer, net of estimated cancellations. Cancellations were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007. The Group presents revenues from such transactions on a net basis in the statements of operations, as the Group acts as an agent and does not assume any inventory risk for cancelled vacation package bookings. The Group suspended its vacation package service in July 2007.
The Company also provides Chinese hotel inventory procurement, rating and availability negotiating service to Travelscape LLC (Travelscape), which is controlled by Expedia Inc. and recognizes revenue when Travelscape confirms the revenue sharing amount which is based on pre-agreed commission sharing rate.
Non- travel services
Non-travel services primarily comprise wireless services and Internet-related advertising services.
Revenue from Internet-related advertising contracts, which is paid in cash, is recognized over the contractual advertisement display period. Revenue from the provision of wireless services is recognized when the services have been rendered, the amount can be reliably measured and there is no uncertainty of settlement with the telecom operators.
The Companys subsidiaries and VIEs, are subject to business tax and surcharges on the revenues generated from services rendered in China. Commencing January 1, 2007, business tax and surcharges are recorded on a net basis (excluded from revenues) in the consolidated statement of operations. Amounts for all prior periods presented have been reclassified for comparative purpose.
(g) | Income taxes |
Income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates or change in tax status is recognized in income in the period the change in tax rates or the tax law is enacted. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109 Accounting for Income Taxes, the tax benefits associated with the utilization of pre-acquisition net operating losses carryforwards for which a valuation allowance was established at the date of the acquisition are recognized in the consolidated financial statements after the acquisition date as follows: (i) first to reduce to zero any goodwill related to the acquisition; (ii) second to reduce to zero other non-current intangible assets related to the acquisition; and (iii) third to reduce income tax expense.
On January 1, 2007, the Group adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48). FIN 48 gives guidance related to the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and requires that an entity recognize in its financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that
F-9
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
position is more likely than not to be sustained upon an examination, based on the technical merits of the position. The adoption of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007 did not have any effect on the Groups consolidated financial statements.
The Group records interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and records related penalties in general and administrative expenses in the Groups consolidated statements of operations.
(h) | Share-based compensation |
Prior to January 1, 2006, the Group accounted for employee share-based arrangements using the preferable fair value recognition provision of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS No. 123). Effective January 1, 2006, the Group adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (SFAS No. 123R), which replaced SFAS No. 123 and superseded APB No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees(APB No. 25). The Group adopted SFAS No. 123R using the modified prospective approach, and accordingly, prior periods have not been restated to reflect the impact of SFAS No. 123R. In accordance with SFAS No. 123R, all grants of stock options and Performance Units are recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on their grant date fair values. The valuation provisions of SFAS No. 123R apply to new awards granted after the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, to awards granted to employees before the adoption of SFAS No. 123R whose related requisite services had not been provided, and to awards which were subsequently modified or cancelled. In March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 107 (SAB No. 107) relating to SFAS No. 123R. The Group has applied the provisions of SAB No. 107 in its adoption of SFAS No. 123R.
SFAS No. 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the date of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from initial estimates. Share-based compensation cost was recorded net of estimated forfeitures such that expense was recorded only for those share-based awards that are expected to vest. Previously under SFAS No. 123, to the extent awards were forfeited prior to vesting, the corresponding previously recognized expense was reversed in the period of forfeiture. Upon the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, the Group recorded a cumulative effect of RMB 282,072 to account for the expected forfeitures of share-based awards granted prior to January 1, 2006 for which the Group previously recorded as an expense. As required by SFAS No. 123R, a balance of RMB 27,618,582 of deferred compensation on January 1, 2006, date of adoption, was eliminated against additional paid-in capital.
Under SFAS No. 123R, the Group applies the Black-Scholes valuation model in determining the fair value of options granted. Risk-free interest rates are based on US Treasury yield for the terms consistent with the expected life of award at the time of grant. Expected life is based on historical exercise patterns, which the Group believes are representative of future behavior. Expected dividend yield is determined in view of the Companys historical dividend payout rate. The Group estimates expected volatility at the date of grant based on a combination of historical volatilities and volatilities of comparable companies. The Group recognizes compensation cost on all share-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Forfeiture rate is estimated based on historical forfeiture and adjusted to reflect consideration for foreseeable future changes in facts and circumstances, if any.
Compensation cost related to 2006 and 2007 employee Performance Units, which are awards in the form of units that are denominated in a hypothetical equivalent number of the Companys ordinary shares, which number of units are determined based on the fair market value of the Companys ordinary shares on the date immediately preceding the grant date and which, when vested, are settled in either ordinary shares or cash. At the time of grant, the Companys board of directors or the compensation committee determines if the Company will settle the Performance Units in cash, shares or both. Settlement terms of Performance
F-10
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Units, once established, may only be changed by approval of the Companys board of directors or the compensation committee. Except with respect to the Performance Units granted to the Companys independent directors which are to be settled in cash, shares or both, Performance Units granted to staff during 2006 and 2007 are to be settled in ordinary shares. Those Performance Units granted during 2006 and 2007 to the Companys independent directors are to be settled upon vesting by shares or cash that is equal to the fair market value of the vested ordinary shares on the vesting date. Forfeiture rate is estimated based on historical forfeiture and adjusted to reflect consideration for foreseeable future changes in facts and circumstances, if any.
Share-based compensation awards which are settled in cash upon vesting are classified as liabilities and included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Compensation cost related to liability-classified awards is determined based on the current share price and other pertinent factors at the balance sheet date, and the proportionate amount of the requisite service that has been rendered to date. Changes in fair value of the liability-classified awards after the requisite service period has been completed are immediately recognized as compensation cost in the period in which the change in fair value occurs.
The Group accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R and Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services. All transactions in which goods or services are received in exchange for equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date of the fair value of the equity instrument issued is the date on which the counterpartys performance is completed.
(i) | Loyalty points provision |
Cardholders of the VIP, regular, and co-branded cards issued by the Group earn loyalty points based on their usage of the cards. The Group provides travel awards and other non-cash gifts to the cardholders upon redemption of loyalty points that are accumulated based on cardholders transactions with the Group. Due to the limited history of the loyalty points reward program, the Group cannot make reasonable and reliable estimates of the forfeiture levels of the loyalty points. Therefore, the Group recognizes estimated costs to provide free travel and other non-cash gifts based on historical redemption rates. The liabilities for loyalty points are reduced upon the redemption or expiration of the loyalty points. The estimated costs are included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
(j) | Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and demand deposit placed with banks or other financial institutions. The Group considers highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and with original maturities from the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
(k) | Short-term investment |
Short-term investment represents a held-to-maturity debt security reported at amortized cost with a maturity of less than one year. The Company assesses declines in the value of the investment to determine whether such decline is other-than-temporary and thus the investment is impaired. This assessment is made by considering available evidence including changes in general market conditions, specific industry and
F-11
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
individual company data, the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the individual company, and the Companys intent and ability to hold the investment.
(l) | Accounts receivable |
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Groups best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Groups existing accounts receivable. The Group reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts periodically and determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience, the aging of the accounts receivable balance and the customers credit worthiness. Specific accounts are reviewed individually for collectibility. Accounts receivable are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Group does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.
(m) | Property and equipment |
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Group also capitalizes certain costs incurred during the application development stage related to the development of internal-use software in accordance with Statement of Position (SOP) No.98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use, and EITF Issue No. 00-2, Accounting for Web Site Development Costs. Costs incurred related to the planning and post-implementation phases of development are expensed as incurred.
Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives, taking into account any estimated residual value:
Capitalized software development cost |
3 years | |
Computer equipment and system software |
3-5 years | |
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment |
5 years |
Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over 2 to 5 years which represents the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the assets.
(n) | Goodwill and other intangible assets |
Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of the net assets of businesses acquired. The Group follows the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if certain circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. The Group completes its annual impairment assessment for goodwill and intangible assets in December of each year.
The Group evaluates the recoverability of goodwill using a two-step impairment test approach at the reporting unit level. In the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value including goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined based upon a combination of multiple of earnings and future cash flows. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, a second step is performed which compares the implied fair value of the reporting units goodwill to the book value of the goodwill. In determining the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill, the fair values of
F-12
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
the tangible net assets and recognized and unrecognized intangible assets are deducted from the fair value of the reporting unit. If the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, goodwill is impaired and is written down to its implied fair value.
The impairment test on an intangible asset that is not subject to amortization consists of a comparison of the fair value of an intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
(o) | Impairment of long-lived assets |
The Group evaluates for impairment of its long-lived assets to be held and used, including equipment and software, separately identifiable intangible assets which are subject to amortization and other non-current assets, when events or changes in circumstances indicate, in managements judgment, that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of carrying amount or estimated fair value less the cost to sell, and are no longer depreciated.
(p) | Employee benefit plans |
As stipulated by the regulations of the PRC, the Group participates in various defined contribution plans pursuant to which certain retirement, medical and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. The Group is required to make contributions to these plans at a stated contribution rate based on monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The Group has no other obligation for the payment of employee benefits associated with these plans beyond the contributions described above. For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the Group contributed RMB 12,557,754, RMB16,212,136 and RMB17,820,361, respectively to these plans.
(q) | Statutory reserves |
Under PRC law, the Companys wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries are required to provide for certain statutory reserves, namely a general reserve, an enterprise expansion fund and a staff welfare and bonus fund. These subsidiaries are required to allocate at least 10% of their after tax profits on individual company basis as determined under PRC GAAP to the general reserve and have the right to discontinue allocations to the general reserve if such reserve has reached 50% of registered capital on individual company basis. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund are at the discretion of the Board of Directors of these subsidiaries. The Companys VIEs in the PRC are also subject to similar statutory reserve requirements. These reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not transferable to the Company in the form of loans, advances, or cash dividends.
(r) | Earnings (loss) per share |
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of the ordinary shares issuable upon
F-13
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
the exercise of outstanding stock options, stock warrants and the settlement of Performance Units. Ordinary equivalent shares in the diluted earnings (loss) per share computation are excluded in net loss periods as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Ordinary shares include high-vote ordinary shares.
(s) | Advertising expense |
The Group incurs advertising expense consisting of radio, magazine and SMS advertising, and online internet advertising expense to promote the Groups brands and products. The Group expenses the production costs associated with advertisements in the period in which the advertisement first takes place. The Group expenses the costs of communicating the advertisement as incurred each time the advertisement is shown. For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006, and 2007, the advertising expense was RMB13,237,247, RMB12,393,014 and RMB18,742,438. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Group had RMB154,699 and RMB941,711 of prepaid marketing expenses which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
(t) | Segment reporting |
The Group operates and manages its business as two reportable segmentsHotel and Air. In accordance with SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segment of an Enterprise and Related Information (SFAS No. 131), the Groups chief operating decision-maker has been identified as the CEO, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Group. The Group does not allocate any operating expenses or assets to its hotel and air segments as management does not use this information to measure the performance of the reportable segments.
The Group generates substantially all revenues from customers in the PRC. Accordingly, no geographical segments are presented.
(u) | Operating leases |
The Group leases office space under operating lease agreements with original lease periods up to five years. Rental expenses are recognized from the date of initial possession of the leased property on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain lease agreements contain rent holidays, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease renewal periods are considered on a lease-by-lease basis and are generally not included in the initial lease term.
(v) | Financial instruments |
Financial instruments of the Group are primarily comprised of cash and cash equivalents, restricted assets, accounts receivable, investment securities, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other payables. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, their carrying value approximated their fair value due to their short term nature.
(w) | Reclassification |
Prior to 2007, the Group recorded revenue gross of business tax and surcharges. In 2007 upon the adoption of EITF Issue No.06-3 How Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should Be Presented in the Income Statement (That Is, Gross versus Net Presentation), business tax and surcharges are recognized as a reduction of revenue. Management believes that net presentation is
F-14
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
preferable because such presentation presents the benefit to be retained by the Group. In 2007 business tax and surcharges have been presented on a net basis in the consolidated statement of operations. As a result of the change business tax and surcharges of RMB10,487,647 and RMB 14,702,612 for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 were reclassified from operating expenses to a reduction of revenue to conform with the current year presentation.
Further, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified with no effect on net earnings or retained earnings to conform to the 2007 financial statement presentation.
(x) | Recently issued accounting pronouncements |
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS No. 157). SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measurement of fair value, and expands disclosures required for fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fair value measures already required or permitted by other standards for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. On February 12, 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff position No. 157-2, Effective date of FASB Statement No. 157 which defers the effective date of SFAS No. 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. SFAS No. 157 is required to be adopted by the Group in fiscal year 2008. The Group does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial LiabilitiesIncluding an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (SFAS No. 159). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The entity shall report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected. SFAS No.159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and is required to be adopted by the Group in fiscal year 2008. In connection with current period financial statements, the Group does not have items eligible for Fair Value Option under SFAS No. 159. The Group does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 159 will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R (Revised), Business Combinations (SFAS No. 141R). SFAS No. 141R establishes requirements for the recognition and measurement of acquired assets, liabilities, goodwill, and non-controlling interests (formerly minority interests). SFAS No. 141R also provides disclosure requirements related to business combinations. SFAS No. 141R is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. SFAS No. 141R will be applied prospectively to business combinations with an acquisition date on or after December 15, 2008. The Group is in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of SFAS 141R on its consolidated financial statements.
(3) CORRECTION OF IMMATERIAL ERRORS
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 have been adjusted from previously issued financial statements to correct the following immaterial errors:
1) | As of December 31, 2006, the Group accrued income tax and business tax liabilities in relation to expenses for which, based on the Groups estimate and then available information, the related tax-qualified invoices were not expected to be collected and therefore the expenses were not deductible for tax purposes. Subsequent to December 31, 2006 and prior to the issuance of the 2006 financial statements, the Group |
F-15
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
collected the majority of the tax qualified invoices and therefore such expenses were deductible for tax purpose as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006. The effect of this adjustment for the year ended December 31, 2006 is to decrease income tax expense by RMB1.6 million, decrease income taxes payable by RMB2.0 million, and decrease by RMB 0.4 million each of the following: statement of operations line item, business tax and surcharges, and balance sheet line items, prepaid expenses and other current assets, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities. |
2) | In 2007, the Group re-evaluated its accounting for the mirror options granted to Expedia Asia Pacific, an entity controlled by Expedia, Inc., and concluded that the Expedia Asia Pacific options should be classified as a liability and re-measured to their fair value each reporting period until settlement. As a result, the Group revised the previously issued financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 to correct an immaterial error corresponding to its accounting for 260,204 Expedia Asia Pacific mirror options. The effect of this correction is to decrease general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2006 by RMB0.14 million (2005: RMB 1.71 million), increase accrued expenses and other current liabilities by RMB1.99 million as of December 31, 2006, and decrease shareholders equity by RMB 2.13 million as of December 31, 2006 as compared to the Groups previously issued financial statements. |
(4) ACQUISITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Shanghai Xinwang Computer Technology Co., Ltd. (Fortune Trip) and Bravado Investments Limited (Bravado)
On July 7, 2005, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Fortune Trip and Bravado. The total purchase price for Fortune Trip and Bravado was RMB 21,981,392, plus capitalized acquisition costs of RMB1,394,134. The results of Fortune Trip and Bravado have been included in the consolidated statements of operations since July, 2005, the date of acquisition.
Raytime
In May 2006, the Group sold Raytime BVI and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Golden VIP, and ZM VIP (collectively, Raytime) for RMB 1,500,000 to the original selling shareholders of Raytime. The sale proceeds was not received in cash, but reduced the remaining RMB 4,000,000 payable by the Group to the original selling shareholders of Raytime by RMB 1,500,000. The Group recorded a gain on disposal of RMB 2,649,682 in May 2006, representing the excess of the selling price over the carrying amount of the Groups investment in these entities on the date of sale. As a result of the sale, all remaining contingent consideration payable was cancelled.
Online Dating Division
During the third quarter of 2006, the Group sold the interactive online dating community business to an entity, whose controlling shareholder is also the controlling shareholder of the Group for US$14,625,000 (RMB 114,780,017). As this transaction was between entities under common control, the proceeds in excess of the carrying value of the net assets sold of RMB 94,170,501 was recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital.
The financial results of Raytime and the interactive online dating community businesses have been reflected as discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and related disclosures for all periods presented. As a result, the footnote disclosures have been revised to exclude the amounts related to the financial results of the Raytime and interactive online dating community businesses for all periods presented. The consolidated statements of cash flows include both discontinued operations for all periods presented through the date of disposition.
F-16
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The following table displays summarized information for discontinued operations:
Year ended December 31, | |||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||
Revenues |
21,554,483 | 13,173,371 | | ||||
Earnings (loss) before income tax |
(16,934,889 | ) | 1,226,768 | 112,260 | |||
Income tax expense |
298,236 | 24,302 | 8,420 |
(5) RESTRICTED ASSETS
In 2006, US$1,462,500 was deposited in an Escrow bank account as guarantees to meet the requirements of disposal of the online dating division. With an original maturity of 18 months it was included in other non-current assets as of December 31, 2006. As of December 31, 2007, the US$1,543,434 was due within one year and therefore classified as current restricted assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
(6) ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable consists of the following:
December 31, | ||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Accounts receivable |
32,429,569 | 42,933,362 | ||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
(4,192,172 | ) | (1,795,120 | ) | ||
Account receivable, net |
28,237,397 | 41,138,242 | ||||
The following table presents movement of the allowance for accounts receivable:
Year ended December 31, | |||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||
Balance at the beginning of year |
1,730,738 | 4,128,344 | 4,192,172 | ||||||
Additions charged to bad debt expense |
3,618,713 | 809,147 | 1,596,659 | ||||||
Write-offs charged against the allowance |
(1,221,107 | ) | (745,319 | ) | (3,993,711 | ) | |||
Balance at the end of year |
4,128,344 | 4,192,172 | 1,795,120 | ||||||
(7) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consists of the following:
December 31, | ||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Computer equipment |
30,276,346 | 36,147,057 | ||||
Furniture and office equipment |
7,047,429 | 7,860,456 | ||||
Leasehold improvements |
6,649,282 | 7,608,024 | ||||
Computer system software |
12,866,362 | 20,177,194 | ||||
Capitalized software development |
4,215,194 | 6,446,696 | ||||
61,054,613 | 78,239,427 | |||||
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(24,925,111 | ) | (37,324,263 | ) | ||
Projects in process |
1,679,736 | 3,046,420 | ||||
Property and equipment, net |
37,809,238 | 43,961,584 | ||||
F-17
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Groups capitalized software development costs, including projects in progress, net of accumulated amortization, were RMB4,608,006 and RMB5,929,193 respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006, and 2007, the Group recorded amortization of capitalized software development costs of RMB114,342, RMB1,066,682 and RMB1,785,945, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Group suspended offering vacation package products. As a result the vacation package business property and equipment was written down to its fair value and the Group recognized a charge of RMB545,216 during the year ended December 31, 2007, which is included in write-down of property and equipment and intangible assets in the consolidated statement of operations.
(8) GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill and intangible assets consists of the following:
December 31, | ||||
2006 | 2007 | |||
Goodwill |
30,000,019 | 30,000,019 | ||
Intangible assets with definite lives, net |
3,345,944 | 1,792,265 | ||
Intangible assets with indefinite lives |
400,000 | 400,000 | ||
Total intangibles, net |
3,745,944 | 2,192,265 | ||
The Groups intangible asset with indefinite lives relates to a trade name acquired in the acquisition of Fortune Trip.
In 2005, the Group operated as one operating segment. Raytime BVI, Golden VIP and ZM VIP comprised the Raytime reporting unit which is one level below the Groups operating segment. The goodwill arising from these acquisitions and the related assets and liabilities, including intangible assets, were allocated to the Raytime reporting unit. Based on the lower than estimated performance of Raytime, the Group determined the definite lived intangible related to Raytime might be impaired. Accordingly, the Group performed an impairment analysis.
As a result of the impairment tests undertaken of identifiable goodwill and the Raytime definite lived intangible asset, the Group recorded impairment charges, which are included in earnings from discontinued operations before income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, of RMB 14,462,720 and RMB3,081,943 respectively for the year ended December 31, 2005. No impairment charges for goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2006 or 2007.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Group recorded impairment charges of RMB 493,680 in relation to customer list in relation to Fortune Trip, which is included in write-down of property and equipment and intangible assets in the consolidated statement of operations. The impairment mainly resulted from a significant decline in forecasted sales and cash flows from Fortune Trip due to its inability to maintain active customers that contribute revenue to the Group. These factors resulted in the carrying value of the customer list being greater than its fair value, and therefore a write-down to fair value was required. The fair value of the customer list was calculated by estimating the present value of future cash flows associated with the customer list.
F-18
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The following table presents the changes in goodwill
December 31, | |||||
2006 | 2007 | ||||
Goodwill at the beginning of the year |
34,083,131 | 30,000,019 | |||
Reduction due to utilization of pre-acquisition NOL carryforward |
(4,083,112 | ) | | ||
Goodwill at the end of the year |
30,000,019 | 30,000,019 | |||
Intangible assets, which all have definite lives, consist of the following:
December 31, | ||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Customer lists |
5,300,000 | 5,300,000 | ||||
Less: accumulated amortization |
(1,954,056 | ) | (3,014,055 | ) | ||
Less: provision for impairment in value |
| (493,680 | ) | |||
3,345,944 | 1,792,265 | |||||
Weighted average useful lives of the intangible assets with definite lives |
5 | 5 |
Amortization expense was RMB 634,055, RMB 1,060,000 and RMB 1,060,000 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The annual estimated amortization expense of the acquired intangible assets for each of the next five years is as follows:
Amortization | ||
2008 |
848,906 | |
2009 |
628,906 | |
2010 |
314,453 | |
2011 |
| |
2012 |
| |
Total |
1,792,265 | |
(9) ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses and other payables consist of the following:
December 31, | ||||
2006 | 2007 | |||
Accrual payroll and welfare |
13,738,372 | 14,515,756 | ||
Accrued expenses |
21,002,875 | 28,837,943 | ||
Other accrued expenses and payables |
13,863,852 | 10,014,664 | ||
Receipts in advance for exercise of share option |
1,187,715 | 8,898 | ||
Advances and deposits from customers |
1,733,934 | 1,976,560 | ||
Expedia Asia Pacific mirror share option (note 13) |
1,985,933 | 114,850 | ||
Business and other taxes |
3,613,920 | 3,410,000 | ||
Payable to former shareholders (note 14) |
26,035,384 | 24,354,638 | ||
Total accrued expenses and other payables |
83,161,985 | 83,233,309 | ||
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eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
(10) REVENUES
Revenues by category consist of the following:
For the year ended December 31, | ||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | ||||
Travel: |
||||||
Hotel reservation |
151,990,059 | 209,275,155 | 240,803,384 | |||
Air-ticketing |
23,773,159 | 38,287,644 | 57,455,084 | |||
Other |
2,696,091 | 8,398,189 | 5,588,080 | |||
Total travel revenues |
178,459,309 | 255,960,988 | 303,846,548 | |||
Non-travel |
11,869,843 | 8,582,692 | 11,550,123 | |||
Total revenues |
190,329,152 | 264,543,680 | 315,396,671 | |||
(11) INCOME TAXES
The Company, its subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs file separate income tax returns.
Cayman
Under the current laws of Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on their income or capital gains. In addition, no Cayman Islands withholding tax is imposed upon any payments of dividends.
China
Prior to January 1, 2008 the Companys subsidiaries and VIEs were subject to enterprise income tax (EIT) at a rate of 33%. As described below, certain of the Companys subsidiaries and VIEs were subject to preferential rates ranging from 15% to 27% and income tax holidays ranging from 100% to 50%.
eLongNet Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (eLong Information), a subsidiary of the Group, obtained the status of a High New Technology Enterprise in November 2006 was entitled it to a preferential EIT rate of 15% from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007.
Beijing eLong Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing Information), a VIE of the Group, obtained the status of a High New Technology Enterprise that entitles it to a preferential EIT rate of 15% from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2008. Beijing Information has also been granted a tax holiday for exemption of EIT for three years from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2003, and a 50% reduction in the EIT rate (i.e. 7.5%) from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2006.
Further, certain branches of these VIEs are taxed at 27% of deemed taxable income, which is determined based on revenue.
In March 2007, the Chinese government enacted the Corporate Income Tax (CIT) law and promulgated related regulations which were effective January 1, 2008, which imposes a unified income tax rate of 25% for both domestic and foreign invested enterprises. High New Technology Enterprise will still enjoy a preferential CIT rate of 15%, and the qualifying criteria under the CIT law was released in April 2008. The Group is in the process of evaluating eLong Information and Beijing Informations qualification as High New Technology
F-20
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Enterprises under the new rules. Commencing January 1, 2008 eLong Information and Beijing Information will be subject to an income tax rate of 25%. However, if eLong Information and Beijing Information obtain a certificate of a High New Technology Enterprises, they can enjoy the preferential tax rate of 15%. There is no assurance that eLong information and Beijing Information will meet the qualifying criteria of High New Technology Enterprise.
The Group expects that eLong Information and Beijing Information will apply for the High New Technology Enterprise status that will allow these entities to enjoy a 15% preferential tax rate under the CIT law. To comply with SFAS.No.109, measuring a deferred tax liability or asset using the enacted tax rate, the Group must use income tax rate of 25% in its calculation of its deferred tax balances as of December 31, 2007 until the Group receives official approval for High New Technology Enterprises status. The effect of change in rate will then be recorded as a reduction in deferred tax assets with a corresponding debit to deferred tax expense in the period in which the approval is obtained.
Furthermore, prior to January 1, 2008, the Company was exempted from withholding tax on dividends it received from its PRC subsidiaries. Under the CIT law and its Implementing Rules, enterprises incorporated in a foreign country or region are classified as either a non-resident enterprise or a resident enterprise. Non-resident enterprises without an institution or establishment inside PRC, or whose income has no connection with its institutions and establishment inside PRC, are subject to withholding tax at the rate of 10% with respect to their PRC-sourced dividend income distributed from earnings accumulated after January 1, 2008. The 10% withholding tax rate is subject to applicable tax agreements or treaties between PRC and other tax jurisdiction. The undistributed earnings generated before January 1, 2008 shall be exempted from withholding tax when they are distributed to the foreign investor in the year 2008 or thereafter. The Group has not yet determined if it will be subject to the 10% withholding tax.
The Chinese tax system is subject to substantial uncertainties and has been subject to recently enacted changes, the interpretation and enforcement of which are also uncertain. There can be no assurance that changes in Chinese tax laws or their interpretation or their application will not subject the Groups PRC entities to substantial Chinese taxes in the future.
Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to earnings (loss) from continuing operations consists of:
Current | Deferred | Total | |||||
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
1,118,487 | 484,667 | 1,603,154 | ||||
Year ended December 31, 2006 |
6,073,035 | (3,237,776 | ) | 2,835,259 | |||
Year ended December 31, 2007 |
2,567,868 | (1,682,525 | ) | 885,343 |
For the year ended December 31, 2006, the current tax expense included charges in lieu of tax in respect to the utilization of pre-acquisition net operating losses of RMB 4,083,112.
F-21
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The significant components of deferred income tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 are as follows:
For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||
Deferred tax benefit (exclusive of the effect of the component below) |
(4,747,827 | ) | (1,038,082 | ) | (1,763,334 | ) | |||
Increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets |
5,232,494 | (2,199,694 | ) | 80,809 | |||||
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) |
484,667 | (3,237,776 | ) | (1,682,525 | ) |
The impact of tax holiday on earnings (loss) from continuing operations was RMB234,139 (0.01 per share), RMB 115,680 (nil per share ) and nil in the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Income tax expense (benefit) differed from the amounts computed by applying the PRC enterprise income tax rate of 33% to pretax earnings (loss) from continuing operations as a result of the following:
For the year ended December 31, | |||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||
Computed expected tax (benefit) expense |
(13,754,855 | ) | 789,073 | (8,186,016 | ) | ||||
Change in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets allocated to income tax expense |
5,232,494 | (2,199,694 | ) | 80,809 | |||||
Adjustment to deferred tax assets and liabilities for changes in enacted tax rates |
| 1,685,801 | (3,180 | ) | |||||
Expiration of net operation loss carry forward |
| | 314,985 | ||||||
Tax holiday |
(234,139 | ) | (115,680 | ) | | ||||
Tax rate differential |
(425,377 | ) | (2,100,638 | ) | (78,000 | ) | |||
Foreign tax differential |
5,627,083 | 2,468,024 | 7,471,113 | ||||||
Adjustment of estimated income tax accruals |
| | (1,064,117 | ) | |||||
Non deductible entertainment expenses |
392,833 | 160,214 | 90,453 | ||||||
Non deductible personnel expenses |
1,104,450 | 1,768,487 | 1,123,265 | ||||||
Non deductible allowance for doubtful accounts |
1,228,964 | 97,612 | 576,746 | ||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
1,846,895 | | | ||||||
Unqualified tax deductions |
| 243,759 | 187,450 | ||||||
Other |
584,806 | 38,301 | 371,835 | ||||||
Actual income tax expense |
1,603,154 | 2,835,259 | 885,343 | ||||||
According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitations will be extended to five years under special circumstances, which are not clearly defined. In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitations is three years, and will be extended to ten years under special circumstances, which are not clearly defined. There is no statute of limitations in the case of tax evasion. The Groups 2003 to 2007 tax returns remain subject to examination by the PRC tax authorities. The Group did not have any unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2007, and it does not expect that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly within the next 12 months. No interest or penalty related to unrecognized uncertain tax positions was recorded in the 2007 consolidated financial statements.
F-22
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below.
For the year ended December 31, |
||||||
2006 | 2007 | |||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||
Operating loss carryforwards |
1,629,074 | 1,045,976 | ||||
Operating loss carryforwards, pre-acquisition |
1,500,254 | 1,127,070 | ||||
Property and equipment |
400,237 | 255,741 | ||||
Accrued expenses |
298,656 | 3,750,254 | ||||
Total gross deferred tax assets |
3,828,221 | 6,179,041 | ||||
Less: valuation allowance |
(1,594,808 | ) | (1,675,617 | ) | ||
Net deferred tax assets |
2,233,413 | 4,503,424 | ||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||||||
Intangible assets with indefinite lives |
132,000 | 100,000 | ||||
Intangible assets with definite lives |
952,360 | 516,486 | ||||
Restricted assets |
| 2,677,615 | ||||
Total deferred tax liabilities |
1,084,360 | 3,294,101 | ||||
Total net deterred tax asset |
1,149,053 | 1,209,323 | ||||
Deferred tax assets, net: |
||||||
Current, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets |
298,656 | 1,072,639 | ||||
Non-current, included in other non-current assets |
982,397 | 236,684 | ||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
132,000 | 100,000 |
The amount included in the change in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets was an increase (decrease) in the beginning-of-the-year balance of the valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that caused a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. Such amounts were RMB453,384, RMB(387,167), and RMB598,915 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006, and 2007, and is primarily due to certain allowances for doubtful accounts that were deemed nondeductible.
The gross amount of operating loss carryforwards which will expire in 2008 to 2012 as follows: RMB1,146,621 in 2008, RMB2,376,516 in 2009, RMB4,122,083 in 2010, RMB751,724 in 2011, and RMB295,240 in 2012.
Goodwill was reduced by nil, RMB4,083,112 and nil for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, for the utilization of acquired tax benefits that were previously reduced by the valuation allowance. As of December 31, 2007, the amount of valuation allowance associated with pre-acquisition net operating losses of RMB 610,584 will be recorded as a reduction of goodwill if recognized in future years.
In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible or utilized. The Group considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon an assessment of the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible or can be utilized, management has provided a valuation allowance of RMB1,594,808 and RMB1,675,617 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. After reducing the
F-23
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
deferred tax assets by the valuation allowance, the deferred tax assets were RMB1,281,053 and RMB1,309,323 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, represent the deferred tax assets of entities that have been profitable and therefore are more likely than not to be realized. The amount of the deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income are reduced.
(12) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCY
The Group has several non-cancelable operating leases, primarily for office rent. Payments under operating leases, including periodic rent escalation and rent free period, are charged as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of December 31, 2007 are:
Minimum lease payment | ||
2008 |
8,984,340 | |
2009 |
912,786 | |
2010 |
131,600 | |
2011 |
| |
2012 |
| |
Total |
10,028,726 | |
Rental expenses incurred under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 amounted to RMB 5,672,598, RMB9,643,785 and RMB 11,183,306 respectively.
(13) SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock options
In April 2001, the Company adopted the stock option plan (the 2001 Plan) pursuant to which the Companys Board of Directors may grant stock options to selected directors, officers, key employees and consultants of the Group. The Plan authorizes the Company to grant options to purchase up to 4 million ordinary shares. On August 26, 2003, the Company increased the number of ordinary shares authorized to be issued under the 2001 Stock Option Plan to 5,500,000.
In July 2004, the Company adopted a stock and annual incentive plan (the 2004 Plan) that allows the Board of Directors to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock or Performance Units to officers, employees, directors or consultants of the Group to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of ordinary shares.
The options under both 2001 Plan and 2004 Plan have a contractual life of ten years and vest and become exercisable ratably over three to five years from the date of grant, except the options granted in 2001, which do not require future services, nor contains a performance or market condition, which are expensed on grant date.
F-24
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock options granted during 2005, 2006 and 2007 are summarized in the following table.
For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Weighted average grant date fair value per share |
$ | 2.75 | $ | 3.49 | $ | 2.81 | ||||||
Weighted average assumptions used |
||||||||||||
Expected volatility |
43 | % | 50 | % | 55 | % | ||||||
Expected dividends |
| | | |||||||||
Expected life |
4 years | 6.35 years | 6.5 years | |||||||||
Risk-free interest rate (per annum) |
2.63 | % | 4.22 | % | 4.43 | % |
A summary of stock options activity under the 2001 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 is as follows:
Number of Shares |
Weighted average exercise price |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term |
Aggregated Intrinsic Value (In thousands) | ||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
3,650,524 | US$ | 0.75 | ||||||||
Granted |
| | |||||||||
Exercised |
(230,956 | ) | US$ | 1.53 | |||||||
Forfeited |
(151,887 | ) | US$ | 1.53 | |||||||
Expired |
| | |||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
3,267,681 | US$ | 0.66 | ||||||||
Granted |
| | |||||||||
Exercised |
(161,718 | ) | US$ | 1.53 | |||||||
Forfeited |
(15,096 | ) | US$ | 1.53 | |||||||
Expired |
(20,000 | ) | US$ | 1.53 | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
3,070,867 | US$ | 0.61 | 3.56 years | US$ | 10,847 | |||||
Fully vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2007 |
3,063,692 | US$ | 0.61 | 3.56 years | US$ | 10,828 | |||||
A summary of stock options activity under the 2004 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 is as follows:
Number of Shares |
Weighted average exercise price |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term |
Aggregated Intrinsic Value (In thousands) | ||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
1,911,450 | US$ | 5.41 | ||||||||
Granted |
121,951 | US$ | 6.15 | ||||||||
Exercised |
(79,750 | ) | US$ | 5.25 | |||||||
Forfeited |
(515,376 | ) | US$ | 5.26 | |||||||
Expired |
| | |||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
1,438,275 | US$ | 5.53 | ||||||||
Granted |
711,112 | US$ | 4.80 | ||||||||
Exercised |
(31,000 | ) | US$ | 5.25 | |||||||
Forfeited |
(495,714 | ) | US$ | 5.27 | |||||||
Expired |
(59,124 | ) | US$ | 5.51 | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
1,563,549 | US$ | 5.29 | 7.47 years | US$ | 14 | |||||
Fully vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2007 |
1,043,449 | US$ | 5.53 | 6.68 years | US$ | | |||||
F-25
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The aggregated intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2007 was calculated based on the closing price of the Companys ordinary shares on December 31, 2007 of $4.14 per share. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006, and 2007 was $9.5 million, $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
As of December 2007, there was RMB 21.16 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 4.1 years. Total unrecognized compensation cost may be adjusted for future changes in estimated forfeitures.
Expedia Options
On October 1, 2004, the Company entered into a stock option agreement with Expedia Asia Pacific pursuant to which, in exchange for Expedia Asia Pacific giving its consent to the issuance of 250,000 options to certain of the Companys officers, the Company granted Expedia Asia Pacific an option to purchase up to 260,204 of the Companys ordinary shares at a purchase price of US$5.25 per share. The option mirrors the provisions of 250,000 option granted to the Companys officers on October 1, 2004. The option becomes exercisable by Expedia Asia Pacific each time any such officer exercises any of the 250,000 options. In connection with each exercise by an officer, Expedia Asia Pacific is entitled to exercise a portion of its option such that Expedia Asia Pacific would receive (if Expedia Asia Pacific exercises its option to the fullest extent in connection with such officer exercise) 51% of the aggregate ordinary shares issued to such officer and Expedia Asia Pacific in connection with such officer exercise. To the extent that any of the officers options terminate or expire without being exercised, an amount of Expedia Asia Pacifics option equal to 51% of (i) such officers terminated or expired options divided by (ii) 0.49 will likewise terminate or expire.
Prior to January 1, 2007, the Group accounted for the 260,204 Expedia Asia Pacific options in a manner similar to employees options and the fair value as determined on the grant date was recognized over the vesting period of the 250,000 officer options
In 2007, the Group re-evaluated its accounting for the Expedia Asia Pacific mirror options agreement and concluded that the Expedia Asia Pacific options should be classified as a liability and re-measured to its fair value each reporting period until settlement. The Group made an immaterial correction of an error and revised the previously issued financial statements to reflect the revised accounting method in prior periods. As a result of the re-measurement the Group recognized income (expense) of RMB50,647, RMB(1,408,475) and RMB1,871,083 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006, 2007. Further as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 the liability corresponding to the Expedia Asia Pacific options was RMB1,985,933 and RMB114,850, respectively.
The following table presents a summary of the Companys stock options (excluding the mirror options granted to Expedia Asia Pacific) outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2007:
Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||
Range of Exercise Prices |
Shares (In thousands) |
Weighted Average Price Per Share |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |
Shares (In thousands) |
Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||
$0.10 - $2.00 |
3,070 | $ | 0.61 | 3.56 | 3,064 | $ | 0.61 | |||||
$2.01 - $4.00 |
50 | $ | 3.87 | 9.94 | | N/A | ||||||
$4.01 - $6.00 |
1,364 | $ | 5.13 | 7.41 | 901 | $ | 5.25 | |||||
$6.01 - $8.00 |
120 | $ | 6.71 | 7.21 | 112 | $ | 6.71 | |||||
$8.01 - $10.00 |
30 | $ | 9.43 | 6.96 | 30 | $ | 9.43 | |||||
$0.10 - $10.00 |
4,634 | $ | 2.19 | 4.88 | 4,107 | $ | 1.86 |
F-26
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Performance Units
Performance Units are rights to receive the Companys ordinary shares, or in some cases, a cash award linked to the Companys ordinary share value. Performance Units vest ratably over a five-year period, are not entitled to dividends or voting rights, and are generally converted to ordinary shares upon vesting on a one-for-one basis. When the Performance Unit grants are settled in cash, the cash amount is set at the equivalent of the fair market value of the number of the Companys ordinary shares that the grantee would have received on a particular vesting date, had the grant been settled in shares.
The cost of the Performance Units awards was determined using the fair value (based on the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares on the date immediately preceding the grant date) of the Companys ordinary shares on the date of grant, net of expected forfeitures, and compensation cost was recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting term.
A summary of Performance Units activity under the 2004 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 is as follows:
Number of Shares | Weighted average grant date fair value | |||||
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
104,895 | US$ | 5.00 | |||
Granted |
304,545 | US$ | 6.94 | |||
Settled |
| | ||||
Forfeited |
(84,516 | ) | US$ | 5.20 | ||
Expired |
| | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
324,924 | US$ | 6.83 | |||
Granted |
565,880 | US$ | 4.84 | |||
Settled |
(17,154 | ) | US$ | 6.46 | ||
Forfeited |
(304,088 | ) | US$ | 5.95 | ||
Cancelled |
(1,856 | ) | US$ | 7.12 | ||
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
567,706 | US$ | 4.90 | |||
The Group recorded stock-based compensation cost of RMB 14,801,571 and RMB 12,221,421 and RMB 6,002,062 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, with respect to the stock options and Performance Units granted under the 2001 and 2004 Plans.
Warrants
In August 2003, the Company issued warrants to purchase 600,000 of the Companys ordinary shares at an exercise price of US$0.75 per share to Broadband Capital Management LLC (Broadband), and two outside consultants, in consideration for investment banking services provided to the Company in respect of the private placement of US$15 million aggregate principal amount of Series A preferred shares in August 2003. The Company accounted for the warrants issued to Broadband and the two consultants in accordance with SFAS No. 123 and EITF Issue No. 96-18. The fair value of the warrants granted was RMB4,818,960 on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (excluding a volatility assumption as the Company was a non-public entity at the date the warrants were issued). The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the warrants were as follows: expected dividend yield 0%, risk free interest rate of 2.9%, and a contractual life of 10 years. The estimated fair value of the warrants of RMB4,818,960 was charged against the gross proceeds of the Series A preferred shares as such costs were incremental and specifically and directly attributable to the actual placement of such securities.
F-27
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
During the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, 10,540 and nil warrants were exercised into 9,216 and nil of ordinary shares after netting off shares equal to the exercise price due. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the number of warrants outstanding and exercisable was 15,121.
(14) PREFERRED SHARES
Series B Preferred Shares
On August 4, 2004, the Company issued and sold 11,188,570 Series B preferred shares to Expedia Asia Pacific, which is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Expedia, Inc. (or Expedia) for an aggregate purchase price of US$58,690,062 (RMB485,777,647), or US$5.25 per Series B preferred share.
Pursuant to the Expedia Asia Pacific purchase agreements, the Company used the proceeds from the sale of the Series B preferred shares to repurchase from existing shareholders an aggregate of 4,012,411 of its ordinary shares and 1,581,874 of the Companys Series A preferred shares. After the share repurchase, the Company retained US$29,345,033 (RMB242,888,916) of the aggregate purchase price. Of that amount US$4,401,754 (RMB 36,433,318) was deposited into an escrow account which was subject to (i) possible claims by Expedia Asia Pacific for indemnification under the agreement between the Company and Expedia Asia Pacific for representations, warranties and covenants provided by the Company, and (ii) payment to Expedia Asia Pacific for certain post-closing matters. On August 4, 2005 and April 30, 2006, 25% and 75% of the escrow funds were released to the Company, respectively.
Also in connection with the sale of the Series B preferred shares, on August 4, 2004 the Company granted Expedia Asia Pacific a warrant which was exercisable by Expedia Asia Pacific during the first 30 business days following the completion of the Companys initial public offering. Expedia Asia Pacifics warrant entitled it to purchase that number of the Companys high-vote ordinary shares which would result in Expedia Asia Pacifics holding 51% of the Companys outstanding ordinary shares on a fully-diluted basis after giving effect to the repurchase from existing shareholders of a number of ordinary shares equal to one-half of the shares purchased by Expedia Asia Pacific pursuant to its warrant.
In December 2004, Expedia Asia Pacific, which is now controlled by its ultimate parent, Expedia, exercised the warrant and, on January 7, 2005, purchased 17,362,134 of the Companys high-vote ordinary shares for an aggregate cash purchase price of US$107,818,852 (RMB 892,362,729). As a result of Expedia Asia Pacifics exercise of its warrant, the Company is controlled by Expedia, and Expedia has the power to control substantially the Companys management and business operations. The Company used the proceeds from Expedia Asia Pacifics warrant exercise to repurchase 8,681,067 ordinary shares from certain of the Companys existing shareholders. Out of the total proceeds of US$53,909,426 retained by the Company, US$8,086,414 was deposited into an escrow account which was subject to (i) possible claims by Expedia Asia Pacific for indemnification under the agreement between the Company and Expedia Asia Pacific for representations, warranties and covenants provided by the Company, and (ii) payment to Expedia Asia Pacific for certain post-closing matters. As of December 31, 2005, as a result of the adjustments made on March 31, 2006 to the warrant purchase price and the share repurchase price, the Company recorded US$98,270 (RMB766,909) due to Expedia Asia Pacific with a corresponding reduction to additional paid-in capital, and recorded US$49,135 (RMB383,454) due from certain of the Companys existing shareholders with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital. On April 2006, US$9,527,365(RMB74,352,509) of the escrow funds was released to the Company, net of the above amounts due to Expedia and due from shareholders.
F-28
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
On December 17, 2004, the Series B preferred shares were converted, on a one-to-one basis, into 11,188,570 high-vote ordinary shares in conjunction with Expedia Asia Pacifics exercise of the warrant to purchase high-vote ordinary shares.(See note 15)
(15) ORDINARY SHARES
Ordinary Shares
On August 4, 2004, in connection with the issuance of the Series B preferred shares, the Company purchased from certain existing shareholders 4,012,411 ordinary shares (inclusive of the 150,500 shares described above) and 1,581,874 of the Companys Series A preferred shares. Such ordinary shares and Series A preferred shares were subsequently cancelled. 1,585,750 Series A Preferred Shares were converted into an equal number of ordinary shares effective upon the completion of the Companys initial public offering on November 2, 2004. These ordinary shares were sold by the selling shareholders to the public in the initial public offering. On the same day, 6,619,870 Series A Preferred Shares were automatically converted into an equal number of ordinary shares.
Immediately prior to the closing of Expedia Asia Pacifics warrant purchase on January 7, 2005, the Company issued an aggregate of 98,973 ordinary shares to certain warrant holders at US$0.75 per share (US$74,229.75 or RMB 614,363) upon the exercise of the warrants. The Company subsequently repurchased these ordinary shares in connection with the issuance of the high-vote ordinary shares (See below).
During the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the Company issued 1,718,250, 319,922 and 209,872 ordinary shares to certain of its option and Performance Units holders for an aggregate exercise price of US$1,387,922 (or RMB 11,462,361), US$772,628 (or RMB 6,094,307) and US$76,625 (or RMB 579,339), respectively.
Since 2006, to facilitate the employee stock option exercise process, the Company issued depositary shares to its brokers. These shares are not considered outstanding until issued to the employees as a result of the exercise of stock options. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, 915,042 and 755,170 depositary shares were issued to brokers and not to the shareholders.
High-Vote Ordinary Shares
Expedia Asia Pacific or its affiliate, Expedia, held 11,188,570 high-vote ordinary shares as a result of the automatic conversion on December 17, 2004 of all outstanding Series B Preferred Shares.
Expedia Asia Pacific beneficially holds 28,550,704 high-vote ordinary shares, which constitute all of the Companys outstanding high-vote ordinary shares and, as a result, controls approximately 95% of the voting power of all shares of the Companys voting stock. In addition, certain other shareholders are parties to an investor agreement with Expedia Asia Pacific under which they have agreed to vote their ordinary shares in the election of directors designated by Expedia Asia Pacific. Expedia Asia Pacific has the ability to control the composition of the Companys Board of Directors, including the right to select six of the thirteen members of the Board, the ability to nominate the remaining directors and vote their shares to elect them and the right to vote their shares to remove members of the Board of Directors.
The rights of the ordinary shares and high-vote ordinary shares are the same except that each high-vote ordinary share is entitled to 15 votes, whereas each ordinary share is entitled to one vote.
F-29
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
(16) EARNINGS (LOSS) PER ORDINARY SHARE
Potentially dilutive securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per ordinary share include stock options and Performance Units granted to employees, directors and non-employees and stock warrants granted to non-employees. In 2005 and 2007, ordinary equivalent shares in the diluted loss per ordinary share computation are excluded as their effect would be anti-dilutive.
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per ordinary share have been calculated as follows:
For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | ||||||
Net earnings (loss) applicable to ordinary shareholders |
(60,517,659 | ) | 1,040,411 | (25,587,611 | ) | |||
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding |
49,637,963 | 50,391,885 | 50,756,869 | |||||
Denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per share: |
49,637,963 | 53,749,470 | 50,756,869 | |||||
Basic earnings (loss) per share |
(1.22 | ) | 0.02 | (0.51 | ) | |||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share |
(1.22 | ) | 0.02 | (0.51 | ) | |||
(17) CONCENTRATION OF RISKS
Credit and concentration risks
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other receivables represent the Groups maximum exposure to credit risk in relation to financial assets. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, substantially all of the Groups cash and cash equivalents were held in major financial institutions located in the PRC, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the United States, which management believes are of high credit quality. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and denominated in RMB, and are derived from revenues earned from operations arising in the PRC. The Group performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers financial condition and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. The Group maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts and actual losses have been within managements expectations.
The Group has a diversified base of customers. No individual customer contributed to more than 10% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007. No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2006 and 2007.
The Group does not have concentrations of available sources of labors, services, franchises, licenses or other rights that could, if suddenly eliminated, severely impact its operations.
Business and economic risks
The Groups business is subject to certain risks and concentrations including dependence on relationships with travel suppliers, primarily airlines and hotels, dependence on third-party technology providers, exposure to risks associated with online commerce security and credit card fraud.
The Group conducts its principal operations in the PRC and accordingly is subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with investments in equity securities of United States and Western European companies. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic, legal environment and social uncertainties in the PRC, influence of the China National Tourism Administration over certain aspects of the Groups operations and competition in the travel agency industry.
F-30
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The Group is currently targeting the Chinese market. The Chinese government regulates Internet access, the distribution of online news and other information, the provision of online commerce and provision of travel agency services through strict business licensing requirements and other governmental regulations. These regulations include limiting foreign ownership in Chinese companies providing Internet access, information and other online Internet services and travel agency services. Management, after consultation and advice from PRC legal counsel, is of the opinion that the Groups business complies with existing Chinese laws and regulations. However, the interpretation and application of current or proposed requirements and regulations may have an adverse effect on the Groups business, financial condition and result of operations.
(18) SEGMENT INFORMATION
Since the year of 2006, the Group has operated two reportable segments: Hotel and Air.
These reportable segments are business units that offer different products that are managed separately because each requires different service provision and marketing strategies.
The Hotel segment mainly provides the services to customers for the reservation with hotels and the Air segment provides the services to customers for the air tickets booking with airline companies. Other segment provides internet-related advertising services.
In 2007 the Group started to recognize business tax and surcharges as a reduction of revenue and use revenue net of business tax to measure operating performance.
The change in 2006 from a single reportable segment results from a change in internal organizational and financial reporting structure. The Group determined its segments based on how the Groups chief operating decision maker manages the Groups business, makes operating decisions and evaluates operating performance. A summary of the results of the reportable segments with all historical amounts reclassified to conform to the current segment presentation is as follows:
Year ended December 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Hotel | Air | Other | Corporate | Total(RMB) | |||||||||||
Revenues |
240,803,384 | 57,455,084 | 17,138,203 | | 315,396,671 | ||||||||||
Business tax and surcharges |
(12,040,169 | ) | (3,160,030 | ) | (2,610,093 | ) | | (17,810,292 | ) | ||||||
Cost of services |
(33,412,658 | ) | (40,231,011 | ) | (1,042,501 | ) | (7,811,415 | ) | (82,497,585 | ) | |||||
Service development expenses |
(7,300,479 | ) | (3,202,201 | ) | (13,515,635 | ) | (24,583,964 | ) | (48,602,279 | ) | |||||
Total contribution |
188,050,078 | 10,861,842 | (30,026 | ) | (32,395,379 | ) | 166,486,515 | ||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2006 | |||||||||||||||
Hotel | Air | Other | Corporate | Total(RMB) | |||||||||||
Revenues |
209,275,155 | 38,287,644 | 16,980,881 | | 264,543,680 | ||||||||||
Business tax and surcharges |
(10,463,758 | ) | (2,105,820 | ) | (2,133,034 | ) | | (14,702,612 | ) | ||||||
Cost of services |
(28,762,854 | ) | (24,409,252 | ) | (1,258,042 | ) | (7,815,207 | ) | (62,245,355 | ) | |||||
Service development expenses |
(4,969,639 | ) | (5,705,147 | ) | (10,750,395 | ) | (20,496,472 | ) | (41,921,653 | ) | |||||
Total contribution |
165,078,904 | 6,067,425 | 2,839,410 | (28,311,679 | ) | 145,674,060 | |||||||||
F-31
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Year ended December 31, 2005 | |||||||||||||||
Hotel | Air | Other | Corporate | Total(RMB) | |||||||||||
Revenues |
151,990,059 | 23,773,159 | 14,565,934 | | 190,329,152 | ||||||||||
Business tax and surcharges |
(7,599,503 | ) | (1,307,524 | ) | (1,580,620 | ) | | (10,487,647 | ) | ||||||
Cost of services |
(24,501,783 | ) | (10,967,942 | ) | (2,983,531 | ) | (1,993,732 | ) | (40,446,988 | ) | |||||
Service development expenses |
(3,743,451 | ) | (9,148,990 | ) | (11,647,088 | ) | (11,758,060 | ) | (36,297,589 | ) | |||||
Total contribution |
116,145,322 | 2,348,703 | (1,645,305 | ) | (13,751,792 | ) | 103,096,928 | ||||||||
(19) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The principal related party transactions for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 are as follows:
Equity-related transactions with Expedia
During the year ended December 31, 2005, the Group paid Expedia Asia Pacific RMB 729,246, as indemnification for certain obligations under the Series B preferred shares purchase agreement.
In January 2005, in connection with the issuance and sale of 17,362,134 high-vote ordinary shares for US$107.8 million, the Group repurchased 8,681,067 ordinary shares from certain shareholders for an aggregate of US$53,909,426 (US$6.21 per share). The repurchases included the purchase of 4,293,156 ordinary shares, for an aggregate of US$26,636,199 (after taking into consideration the adjustment in the repurchase price) from a Group controlled by a former member of the Groups Board of Directors, and 40,506 ordinary shares, for an aggregate of US$251,313 (after taking into consideration the adjustment in the repurchase price), from the Groups then chief financial officer. As a result of the adjustment in the warrant exercise price and repurchase price described in Note 14, the Group refunded to Expedia Asia Pacific US$98,270 and certain of the Groups existing shareholders refunded to the Group US$49,134. The Group accrued the amount due to Expedia Asia Pacific and recorded a receivable from the selling shareholders as of December 31, 2005. In April 2006, the Group received RMB 26,693,515 of final escrow release on behalf of former selling shareholders in relation with the sale of shares held by Billable Development, Mr. Wang Gui Ying and Mr. Wang Yi Jie to Expedia Asia Pacific in 2004. As of December 31, 2007, the amount has not been paid to these former shareholders.
Commercial agreements with Expedia
In April 2006, the Group entered into a contract with Expedia, Inc. The Group provides the international hotel booking service through Expedias hotel inventory. RMB3,056,410 and RMB6,570,281 were charged by Expedia in 2006 and 2007. The balance due to Expedia, Inc. was RMB964,562 and RMB682,762 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007.
In August 2006, the Group entered into a contract with Travelscape LLC, which is ultimately controlled by Expedia Inc. The Group provides Chinese hotel inventory procuring, rating and availability negotiating service to Travelscape LLC. RMB3,185,106 and RMB2,944,925 of revenue was recognized in 2006 and 2007. The balance due from Travelscape LLC was RMB241,133 and RMB1,258,875 as of years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007. This agreement was terminated in March 2008.
F-32
eLong, Inc.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Services provided by and to Expedia
In 2006 an Expedias employee served as the Groups software development director under an one-year Secondment Agreement. The Group recorded salary and benefit of US$64,095 (RMB500,204) and nil in 2006 and 2007, and the balance of RMB500,204 as of years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 was unpaid.
In 2006 and 2007 Expedia prepaid expense of RMB94,157 and RMB297,950 on behalf of the Group and the balance of RMB392,107 was unpaid as of December 31, 2007.
In 2007 the Group recorded RMB1,138,436 (2006:RMB1,067,721, 2005:RMB 747,330) in consulting fees for services provided by Expedia The amount of RMB1,815,051 and RMB2,953,487 was unpaid at December 31, 2006 and 2007.
Subleases to Expedia
The Group entered into some sublease agreements with Expedia in 2006 and subleased certain office space to Expedias subsidiaries in China. In 2007 the Group recorded other non-travel revenue of RMB58,716 from such subleases and the balance of RMB16,531 was unpaid as of December 31, 2007.
Spin-off
In September 2006, the Group sold its online dating business to Match.com for US$14.6 million (RMB 114,780,017). Match.com and the Group are under the common control of one individual. The Group recorded RMB206,228 and RMB627,921 in fees for services provided to Match.com subsequent to the sale in 2006 and 2007. In addition, the Group collected cash and prepaid certain expenses on behalf of one subsidiary of Match.com. As of December 31, 2006 Match.com owed the Group RMB1.84 million, and as of December 31, 2007, the Group owed Match.com RMB578,255.
In 2007 the Group prepaid certain expenses of RMB207,506 on behalf of Expedia.
(20) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In February 2008 the Companys Board of Directors approved the repurchase by the Company of the Companys American Depositary Shares/or Ordinary Shares for up to a maximum aggregate price of US$20 million. Through June 20, 2008, the Company had repurchased 515,273 American Depositary Shares at an aggregate cost of US$ 4.3 million.
F-33