Edgar Filing: First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp, Inc.

Maryland

32-0135202

(State or other jurisdiction of

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)

Identification Number)

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K


☒	Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
	For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2013

	OR
☐	Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

	For the transition period from _______________ to ______________________


Commission File Number: 000-31957

	FIRST FEDERAL OF NORTHERN MICHIGAN BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


	100 S. Second Avenue, Alpena, Michigan			49707
	(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			Zip Code


	(989) 356-9041
(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Common Stock, par value $.01 per share		The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Title of Class)		(Name of Exchange of Which Registered)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-know seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES ☐. NO ☒.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant in not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YES ☐. NO ☒.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the past twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
YES ☒ . NO ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

YES ☒ . NO ☐.

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or nay amendments to this Form 10-K. ☒.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐		Accelerated filer ☐
Non-Accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☒
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐. NO ☒.

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the last sale price on June 30, 2013 ($4.38 per share) was $11.1 million.

As of March 19, 2014, there were issued and outstanding 2,884,049 shares of the registrant’s common stock.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE


1.	Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (Parts I and III).
2.	Annual Report to Shareholders for the Year Ended December 31, 2013 (Part II).

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I

ITEM 1	BUSINESS	4
ITEM 1A	RISK FACTORS	33
ITEM 1B	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	34
ITEM 2	PROPERTIES	34
ITEM 3	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	34
ITEM 4	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	34

PART II

ITEM 5	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	33
ITEM 6	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA	34
ITEM 7	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	34
ITEM 7A	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	34
ITEM 8	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	34
ITEM 9	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	34
ITEM 9A	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	34
ITEM 9B	OTHER INFORMATION	35

PART III

ITEM 10	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	35
ITEM 11	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	35
ITEM 12	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BEENFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	35
ITEM 13	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	35
ITEM 14	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	35

PART IV

ITEM 15	EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	36
	SIGNATURES	37

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Safe Harbor Statement

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1955, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:


	•	statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;
	•	statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
	•	statements regarding the asset quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
	•	estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-K.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:


	•	general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected;
	•	competition among depository and other financial institutions;
	•	inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins or reduce the fair value of financial instruments;
	•	adverse changes in the securities markets;
	•	changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;
	•	our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
	•	our ability to successfully integrate acquired entities;
	•	changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;
	•	changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
	•	changes in our organization, compensation and benefit plans;
	•	changes in our financial condition or results or operations that reduce capital available to pay dividends;
	•	regulatory changes or actions; and
	•	changes in the financial condition or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.

Because of these and a wide variety of other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements.

First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp, Inc.

First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp, Inc. is a Maryland corporation that owns all of the outstanding shares of common stock of First Federal of Northern Michigan. At December 31, 2013, we had consolidated assets of $209.7 million, deposits of $160.0 million and stockholders’ equity of $23.5 million. As of December 31, 2013, First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp, Inc. had 2,884,049 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Our executive offices are located at 100 South Second Avenue, Alpena, Michigan 49707. Our phone number at that address is (800) 498-0013.

The Company maintains a website at www.first-federal.com that includes important information on our Company, including a list of our products and services, branch locations and current financial information. In addition, we make available, without charge, through our website, a link to our filings with the SEC, including copies of annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports in Form 10-Q, current reports in Form 8-K, and amendments to these filings, if any. Information on our website should not be considered a part of this Annual Report.

First Federal of Northern Michigan

First Federal of Northern Michigan is a full-service, community-oriented savings bank that provides financial services to individuals, families and businesses from eight full-service facilities located in Alpena, Cheboygan, Emmet, Iosco, Otsego, Montmorency and Oscoda Counties, Michigan. First Federal of Northern Michigan was chartered in 1957, and reorganized into the mutual holding company structure in 1994. In 2000, First Federal of Northern Michigan became the wholly owned subsidiary of Alpena Bancshares, Inc., our predecessor company, and in April 2005 we completed our “second step” mutual-to-stock conversion and formed our current ownership structure.

First Federal of Northern Michigan’s business consists primarily of accepting deposits from the general public and investing those deposits, together with funds generated from operations and borrowings, in one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans, commercial business loans, consumer loans and in investment securities and mortgage-backed securities.

First Federal of Northern Michigan’s executive offices are located at 100 South Second Avenue, Alpena, Michigan 49707. Its phone number at that address is (800) 498-0013.

Market Area and Competition

First Federal of Northern Michigan conducts operations through its main office in Alpena, Michigan, which is located in the northeastern lower peninsula of Michigan, and through its seven other branch offices in Michigan. According to the Michigan Senate, the population of Alpena County, from which the majority of our deposits are drawn, has decreased approximately 6.6% since 2000, and currently is approximately 30,000. The population of our primary market area, which includes Alpena County and seven surrounding counties, was estimated to be approximately 155,000 in 2012, a decrease of 13.9% from approximately 180,000 according to the 2012 census. Median household income for the counties which comprised our market area in 2012 ranged from approximately $33,900 to $50,700, which represented moderate increases from 2010 levels in most counties in our market area. Median household income for our entire market area was below the national level of $51,371 and below the Michigan level of $46,859 in all but 2 counties in our market area, reflecting the largely rural nature of our market area and the absence of more densely populated urban and suburban areas. Household income levels are not expected to increase substantially in our market area in the near future. The unemployment rate in our primary market, Alpena County, was 9.5% for December 2013, and ranged from 10.8% to 18.1% across the rest of our primary market area, as compared to 6.7% nationally and 8.4% for Michigan (all numbers not seasonally adjusted).

Alpena is the largest city located in the northeastern lower peninsula of Michigan. This area has long been associated with agricultural, wood and concrete industries. Tourism has also been a major industry in our primary market area. All of these industries tend to be seasonal and are strongly affected by state and national economic conditions.

Major employers in our primary market area include various public schools and governmental agencies, Alpena Regional Medical Center, Besser Company (a manufacturer of concrete products equipment), Lafarge Corporation (an international limestone mining and cement producer), Panel Processing (a peg board manufacturer), Treetops Sylvan Resort (an operator of resort properties), Garland Resort (an operator of resort properties and golf courses), Otsego Memorial Hospital, Decorative Panels International (a hardboard manufacturer), OMNI Metalcraft Corp. (a diversified manufacturer), and various other small companies.

As of December 31, 2013, First Federal of Northern Michigan was the only thrift institution headquartered in our market area. We encounter strong competition both in attracting deposits and in originating residential and commercial real estate and other loans. Our most direct competition for deposits has historically come from commercial banks, other savings institutions, and credit unions in our market area. Competition for loans comes from such financial institutions. We expect continued strong competition in the foreseeable future, including the “super-regional” banks currently in our markets, from internet banks, and from credit unions in many of our markets. We compete for savings deposits by offering depositors a high level of personal service and a wide range of competitively priced financial products. We compete for real estate loans primarily on the basis of the interest rates and fees we charge and through advertising. Strong competition for deposits and loans may limit our ability to grow and may adversely affect our profitability in the future.

Lending Activities

General. The largest part of our loan portfolio is mortgage loans secured by one- to four-family residential real estate. In recent years, we have sold most of the fixed-rate conventional one- to four-family mortgage loans that we originate that have terms of 15 years or more. We retain the servicing on a majority of the mortgage loans that we sell. To a lesser extent, we also originate commercial loans, commercial real estate loans and consumer loans. At December 31, 2013, we had total loans of $138.1 million, of which $63.8 million, or 46.2% were one- to four-family residential real estate mortgage loans, $51.9 million, or 37.6% were commercial real estate loans, and $12.5 million, or 9.0%, were commercial loans. Other loans consisted primarily of home equity loans, which totaled $8.7 million, or 6.3% of total loans, and other consumer loans which totaled $1.2 million, or 0.9% of total loans.

One- to Four-Family Residential Real Estate Lending. Our primary lending activity consists of originating one- to four-family owner-occupied residential mortgage loans, virtually all of which are collateralized by properties located in our market area. We also originate one- to four-family construction loans that pay interest only during the initial construction period (which generally does not exceed twelve months) and then pay interest and principal for the remainder of the loan term. To address interest rate risk we generally sell most of our one- to four-family fixed-rate mortgage loans with terms of 15 years or more and retain the loan servicing on a majority of these mortgage loans. Fixed-rate loans with terms of 15 years or less are either sold into the secondary market or, in some cases, retained in our portfolio. Adjustable rate mortgage loans are generally underwritten to secondary market mortgage standards, but are retained in our loan portfolio. One- to four-family residential mortgage loans are underwritten and originated according to policies and guidelines established by the secondary mortgage market agencies and approved by our Board of Directors. We utilize existing liquidity, deposits, loan repayments, and Federal Home Loan Bank advances to fund new loan originations.

We currently offer fixed rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with terms ranging from 15 to 30 years. One- to four-family residential mortgage loans often remain outstanding for significantly shorter periods than their contractual terms because borrowers may refinance or prepay loans at their option. The average length of time that our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans remain outstanding varies significantly depending upon trends in market interest rates and other factors. In recent years, the average maturity of our mortgage loans has decreased significantly because of the declining trend in market interest rates and the unprecedented volume of refinancing activity resulting from such interest rate decreases.

Originations of one- to four fixed-rate mortgage loans are regularly monitored and are affected significantly by the level of market interest rates, our interest rate gap position, and loan products offered by our competitors. Our fixed rate mortgage loans amortize on a monthly basis with principal and interest due each month.

We have in the past originated fixed-rate loans that amortize over 15 years but that have “balloon payments” that are due upon the maturity of the loan in five years. As a general rule, we no longer originate this type of mortgage loan. Upon maturity, existing balloon mortgage loans are either underwritten as fixed-rate loans and sold or rewritten as adjustable rate mortgages at current market rates. While the majority of our balloon mortgage loans amortize over 15 years, some amortize over 10 or 30 years, and a limited number amortize over five years.

Our one- to four-family residential mortgage loans customarily include due-on-sale clauses, which are provisions giving us the right to declare a loan immediately due and payable in the event, among other things, that the borrower sells or otherwise disposes of the underlying real property serving as security for the loan. Due-on-sale clauses are an important means of adjusting the rates on our fixed-rate mortgage loan portfolio, and we have generally exercised our rights under these clauses.

Regulations limit the amount that a savings institution may lend relative to the appraised value of the real estate securing the loan, as determined by an appraisal at the time of loan origination. Such regulations permit a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 100% for residential property and 90% for all other real estate loans. Our lending policies limit the maximum loan-to-value ratio on fixed-rate loans without private mortgage insurance to 80% of the lesser of the appraised value or the purchase price of the property serving as collateral for the loan.

Generally, we make one- to four-family mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 90%. However, for one- to four-family real estate loans with loan-to-value ratios of between 80% and 90%, we may require the borrower to purchase private mortgage insurance. In 2005 we began making 80/20 loans and interest-only loans subject to Board-approved dollar limits to limit risk exposure. In late 2007 these products were eliminated; however, at December 31, 2013 approximately $339,000 of these products remained in our portfolio. We require fire and casualty insurance, flood insurance when applicable, as well as title insurance, on all properties securing real estate loans made by us.

Commercial Real Estate Lending. We originate commercial real estate loans. At December 31, 2013, we had a total of 148 loans secured primarily by commercial real estate properties, unimproved vacant land and, to a limited extent, multifamily properties. Our commercial real estate loans are secured by income-producing properties such as office buildings, retail buildings, restaurants and motels. A majority of our commercial real estate loans are secured by properties located in our primary market area, although at December 31, 2013 we did have $3.8 million in commercial real estate loans located outside of Michigan. We have originated commercial construction loans that are originated as permanent loans but are interest-only during the initial construction period, which generally does not exceed nine months. At December 31, 2013, our commercial real estate loans, totaled $51.9 million, or 37.6% of our total loans, and had an average principal balance of approximately $350,000. The terms of each loan typically amortize over 15 years and have a three- or five-year balloon feature. An origination fee of 0.5% to 1.0% is generally charged on commercial real estate loans. We generally make commercial real estate loans up to 75% of the appraised value of the property securing the loan.

At December 31, 2013, our largest commercial real estate relationship consisted of one loan having a total principal balance of $3.1 million, which was performing according to its repayment terms as of December 31, 2013. This loan relationship is secured by a single piece of commercial real estate and is also our largest single commercial real estate loan.

Commercial real estate loans generally carry higher interest rates and have shorter terms than those on one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. However, loans secured by commercial real estate generally involve a greater degree of credit risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans and carry larger loan balances. This increased credit risk is a result of several factors, including the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers, the effects of general economic conditions on income producing properties, and the increased difficulty of evaluating and monitoring these types of loans. Furthermore, the repayment of loans secured by commercial real estate is typically dependent upon the successful operation of the business or the related real estate property. If the cash flow from the business operation is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. This may be particularly true in the early years of the business operation when the risk of failure is greatest. Many of our commercial real estate loans have been made to borrowers whose business operations are untested, which increases our risk.

Consumer and Other Loans. We originate a variety of consumer and other loans, including loans secured by savings accounts, new and used automobiles, mobile homes, boats, recreational vehicles, and other personal property. As of December 31, 2013, consumer and other loans totaled $9.9 million, or 7.2% of our total loan portfolio. At such date, $290,000, or 0.2% of our consumer loans, were unsecured. As of December 31, 2013, home equity loans totaled $8.7 million, or 6.3% of our total loan portfolio, and automobile loans totaled $458,000, or 0.3% of our total loan portfolio. We originate automobile loans directly to our customers and have no outstanding agreements with automobile dealerships to generate indirect loans.

Our procedures for underwriting consumer loans include an assessment of an applicant’s credit history and the ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan. Although an applicant’s creditworthiness is a primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the collateral security, if any, to the proposed loan amount.

Consumer loans generally entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are unsecured or secured by assets that tend to depreciate rapidly, such as automobiles, mobile homes, boats and recreational vehicles. In addition, the repayment of consumer loans depends on the borrower’s continued financial stability, as repayment is more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy than a single family mortgage loan.

Commercial Loans. At December 31, 2013, we had $12.5 million in commercial loans which amounted to 9.0% of total loans. We make commercial loans primarily in our market area to a variety of professionals, sole proprietorships and small businesses. Commercial lending products include term loans and revolving lines of credit. The maximum amount of a commercial loan is our loans-to-one-borrower limit, which was $3.6 million at December 31, 2013. Such loans are generally used for longer-term working capital purposes such as purchasing equipment or furniture. Commercial loans are made with either adjustable or fixed rates of interest. Variable rates are generally based on the prime rate, as published in The Wall Street Journal, plus a margin. Fixed rate commercial loans are set at a margin above the Federal Home Loan Bank comparable advance rate.

When making commercial loans, we consider the financial statements of the borrower, our lending history with the borrower, the debt service capabilities of the borrower, the projected cash flows of the business and the value of the collateral. Commercial loans are generally secured by a variety of collateral, primarily accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, and are supported by personal guarantees. Depending on the collateral used to secure the loans, commercial loans are typically made in amounts of up to 75% of the value of the collateral securing the loan.

Commercial loans generally have greater credit risk than residential mortgage loans. Unlike residential mortgage loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from his or her employment or other income, and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial loans generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to repay the loan from the cash flow of the borrower’s business. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial loans may depend substantially on the success of the business itself. If the cash flow from the business operation is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. This may be particularly true in the early years of the business operation when the risk of failure is greatest. Moreover, any collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value. We seek to minimize these risks through our underwriting standards. At December 31, 2013, our largest commercial loan was a $2.2 million commercial term loan and was collateralized by equipment and inventory of a supermarket. At December 31, 2013, the outstanding balance was $1.7 million and the loan was performing according to its repayment terms.

Construction Loans. We originate construction loans to local home builders in our market area, generally with whom we have an established relationship, and to individuals engaged in the construction of their residences. We also originate loans for the construction of commercial buildings and, to a lesser extent, participate in construction loan projects originated by other lenders. Our construction loans totaled $1.8 million, or 1.3% of our total loan portfolio, at December 31, 2013.

Our construction loans to home builders are repaid on an interest-only basis for the term of the loan (which is generally six to 12 months), with interest calculated on the amount disbursed to the builders based upon a percentage of completion of construction. These loans typically have a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 80%, based on the appraised value. Interest rates are fixed during the construction phase of the loan. Loans to builders are made on either a pre-sold or speculative (unsold) basis. Most of our construction loans to individuals who intend to occupy the completed dwelling are originated via a “one-step closing” process, whereby the construction phase and end-financing are handled with one loan closing. Prior to funding a construction loan, we require an appraisal of the property from a qualified appraiser approved by us, and all appraisals are reviewed by us.

Construction lending exposes us to greater credit risk than permanent mortgage financing because of the inherent difficulty in estimating both a property’s value at completion of the project and the estimated cost of the project. If the estimate of construction costs is inaccurate, we may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to permit completion of the project. If the estimate of value upon completion is inaccurate, the value of the property may be insufficient to assure full repayment. Projects may also be jeopardized by disagreements between borrowers and builders and by the failure of builders to pay subcontractors. Loans to builders to construct homes for which no purchaser has been identified carry more risk because the repayment of the loan depends on the builder’s ability to sell the property prior to the time that the construction loan is due. We have attempted to minimize these risks by, among other things, limiting our residential construction lending primarily to residential properties in our market area and generally requiring personal guarantees from the principals of corporate borrowers.

Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio by type of loan at the dates indicated.


	At December 31,
	2013						2012						2011						2010						2009
	Amount			Percent			Amount			Percent			Amount			Percent			Amount			Percent			Amount			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Residential Mortgages:
1-4 Family Mortgages	$	60,750			44.0	%	$	63,867			45.3	%	$	64,177			45.0	%	$	68,298			42.7	%	$	77,851			44.4	%
Purchased Mortgage In-State		1,506			1.2	%		1,711			1.3	%		1,924			1.3	%		3,243			2.0	%		3,342			1.9	%
1-4 Familly Construction		1,583			1.1	%		962			0.7	%		498			0.3	%		156			0.1	%		427			0.2	%
Home Equity/Junior Liens		8,730			6.3	%		10,409			7.4	%		13,395			9.4	%		16,547			10.3	%		18,732			10.7	%
Nonresidential Mortgages:
Nonresidential		41,090			29.8	%		40,992			29.1	%		44,020			30.9	%		43,580			27.3	%		43,446			24.8	%
Purchased Nonresidential In-State		6,886			5.0	%		4,553			3.2	%		2,130			1.5	%		4,232			2.6	%		3,894			2.2	%
Purchased Nonresidential Out-of-State		3,750			2.7	%		6,882			4.9	%		7,788			5.5	%		9,928			6.2	%		8,428			4.8	%
Nonresidential Construction		—			0.0	%		1,458			1.0	%		91			0.1	%		1,498			0.9	%		2,816			1.6	%
Purchased Construction In-State		—			0.0	%		615			0.4	%		—			0.0	%		—			0.0	%		—			0.0	%
Purchased Construction Out-of-State		173			0.1	%		173			0.1	%		173			0.1	%		1,772			1.1	%		3,792			2.2	%
Non real estate loans:
Commercial Loans		12,164			8.8	%		7,769			5.5	%		6,621			4.6	%		7,382			4.6	%		7,035			4.0	%
Purchased Commerical Loans In-State		287			0.2	%		333			0.2	%		381			0.3	%		1,466			0.9	%		2,838			1.6	%
Consumer and other loans		1,165			0.8	%		1,258			0.9	%		1,477			1.0	%		2,118			1.3	%		2,553			1.6	%

Total Loans	$	138,084			100.00	%	$	140,982			100.00	%	$	142,675			100.00	%	$	160,220			100.00	%	$	175,154			100.00	%

Other items:
Deferred loan origination costs		179						15						14						31						12
Deferred loan origination fees		(476	)					(335	)					(287	)					(276	)					(287	)
Allowance for loan losses		(1,472	)					(1,750	)					(1,518	)					(2,831	)					(3,660	)

Total loans, net	$	136,315					$	138,912					$	140,884					$	157,144					$	171,219

Loan Portfolio Maturities and Yield. The following table summarizes the scheduled repayments of our loan portfolio at December 31, 2013. Demand loans, loans having no stated repayment or maturity, and overdraft loans are reported as being due in one year or less.


	1-4 Family Mortgage					Purchased Mortgage In-State					1-4 Family Construction
	Amount		Weighted Average Rate			Amount		Weighted Average Rate			Amount		Weighted Average Rate
	(dollars in thousands)
Due During the Years Ending December 31,
2014	$	235		6.90	%	$	—		0.00	%	$	1,583		3.68	%
2015		101		7.98	%		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%
2016		157		7.03	%		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%
2017 to 2018		1,634		5.65	%		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%
2019 to 2023		5,712		5.76	%		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%
2024 to 2028		24,068		4.58	%		26		4.85	%		—		0.00	%
2029 and beyond		28,843		5.39	%		1,480		2.63	%		—		0.00	%

Total	$	60,750		5.13	%	$	1,506		2.67	%	$	1,583		2.54	%

	Home Equity/Junior Liens					Nonresidential					Purchased Nonresidential In-State
	Amount		Weighted Average Rate			Amount		Weighted Average Rate			Amount		Weighted Average Rate
	(dollars in thousands)
Due During the Years Ending December 31,
2014	$	42		6.73	%	$	5,437		5.97	%	$	1,737		5.05	%
2015		107		7.18	%		3,944		6.39	%		39		7.48	%
2016		307		8.02	%		3,907		5.71	%		760		4.75	%
2017 to 2018		391		5.59	%		19,951		5.49	%		1,616		4.75	%
2019 to 2023		4,542		5.77	%		5,353		5.64	%		1,750		4.75	%
2024 to 2028		3,341		4.21	%		1,485		6.75	%		984		5.75	%
2029 and beyond		—		0.00	%		1,013		6.25	%		—		0.00	%

Total	$	8,730		5.27	%	$	41,090		5.74	%	$	6,886		4.98	%

	Purchased Nonresidential Out-of-State					Purchased Construction Out-of-State					Commercial Loans
	Amount		Weighted Average Rate			Amount		Weighted Average Rate			Amount		Weighted Average Rate
	(dollars in thousands)
Due During the Years Ending December 31,
2014	$	1,441		5.50	%	$	173		9.25	%	$	3,406		5.19	%
2015		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		2,165		5.25	%
2016		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		1,378		5.42	%
2017 to 2018		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		3,255		5.00	%
2019 to 2023		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		1,960		5.48	%
2024 to 2028		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%
2029 and beyond		2,309		5.75	%		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%

Total	$	3,750		0.00	%	$	173		122.56	%	$	12,164		0.13	%

	Purchased Commercial Loans In-State					Consumer & Other Loans					Total
	Amount		Weighted Average Rate			Amount		Weighted Average Rate			Amount		Weighted Average Rate
	(dollars in thousands)
Due During the Years Ending December 31,
2014	$	—		0.00	%	$	16		8.88	%	$	14,070		0.01	%
2015		—		0.00	%		77		8.14	%		6,433		0.10	%
2016		—		0.00	%		220		8.09	%		6,729		0.26	%
2017 to 2018		287		4.75	%		658		6.71	%		27,792		0.16	%
2019 to 2023		—		0.00	%		176		6.36	%		19,493		0.06	%
2024 to 2028		—		0.00	%		18		5.50	%		29,922		0.00	%
2029 and beyond		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		33,645		0.00	%

Total	$	287		4.75	%	$	1,165		1.17	%	$	138,084		0.06	%

Fixed- and Adjustable-Rate Loans. The following table sets forth the scheduled repayments of fixed- and adjustable-rate loans at December 31, 2013 that are contractually due after December 31, 2014.


	Due After December 31, 2014
	Fixed		Adjustable		Total
	(dollars in thousands)

Residential Mortgages:
1-4 Family Mortgages	$	36,547	$	23,968	$	60,515
Purchased Mortgage In-State		—		1,506		1,506
Home Equity/Junior Liens		3,065		5,623		8,688
Nonresidential Mortgages:
Nonresidential		24,799		10,854		35,653
Purchased Nonresidential In-State		3,406		1,743		5,149
Purchased Nonresidential Out-of-State		2,309		—		2,309
Non real estate loans:
Commercial Loans		6,773		1,985		8,758
Purchased Commerical Loans In-State		287		—		287
Consumer and other loans		945		204		1,149

Total Loans	$	78,131	$	45,883	$	124,014

Loan Originations, Purchases, Sales and Servicing. While we originate both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans, our ability to generate each type of loan depends upon borrower demand, market interest rates, borrower preference for fixed- versus adjustable-rate loans, and the interest rates offered on each type of loan by other lenders in our market area. These lenders include competing banks, savings banks, credit unions, internet lenders, mortgage banking companies and life insurance companies that may also actively compete for local commercial real estate loans. Loan originations are derived from a number of sources, including real estate agent referrals, existing customers, borrowers, builders, attorneys, our directors, walk-in customers and our own sales force. Upon receiving a loan application, we obtain a credit report and employment verification to verify specific information relating to the applicant’s employment, income, and credit standing. In the case of a real estate loan, we obtain a determination of value of the real estate intended to collateralize the proposed loan. Our residential mortgage officers have residential mortgage lending authority up to $150,000. While certain Senior Bank Officers have residential lending limits up to $400,000, the Officer Loan Committee generally approves residential loans from $150,000 to $500,000, while requests over $500,000 must be approved by the Board of Directors. Secured consumer lending limits by officer range from $25,000 to $50,000, while certain Senior Bank Officers have secured consumer lending limits up to $150,000. For secured commercial loans, the limits range from $100,000 to $400,000. Senior Loan Committee generally approves secured commercial loans from $400,000 to $500,000, while requests over $500,000 must be approved by the Board of Directors.

A commercial commitment letter specifies the terms and conditions of the proposed loan including the amount of the loan, interest rate, amortization term, a brief description of the required collateral, and required insurance coverage. Commitments are typically issued for 15-day periods. The borrower must provide proof of fire and casualty insurance on the property serving as collateral, which must be maintained during the full term of the loan. A title insurance policy is required on all real estate loans. At December 31, 2013, we had outstanding loan commitments of $18.9 million, including unfunded commitments under lines of credit and commercial and standby letters of credit.

Our loan origination and sales activity may be adversely affected by a rising interest rate environment that typically results in decreased loan demand, while declining interest rates may stimulate increased loan demand. Accordingly, the volume of loan originations, the mix of fixed- and adjustable-rate loans, and the profitability of this activity can vary from period to period. One- to four-family residential mortgage loans are generally underwritten to investor guidelines, and closed on standard investor documents. We currently sell loans to Freddie Mac and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis (the “FHLB”). If such loans are sold, the sales are conducted using standard investor purchase contracts and master commitments as applicable. The majority of one- to four-family mortgage loans that we have sold to investors have been sold on a non-recourse basis, whereby foreclosure losses are generally the responsibility of the purchaser and not First Federal of Northern Michigan.

We are a qualified loan servicer for both Freddie Mac and the FHLB. Our policy has historically been to retain the servicing rights for all conforming loans sold, and to continue to collect payments on the loans, maintain tax escrows and applicable fire and flood insurance coverage, and supervise foreclosure proceedings if necessary. We retain a portion of the interest paid by the borrower on the loans as consideration for our servicing activities.

We require appraisals of real property securing loans. Appraisals are performed by independent appraisers, who are approved by our Board of Directors annually. We require fire and extended coverage insurance in amounts adequate to protect our principal balance. Where appropriate, flood insurance is also required. Private mortgage insurance is required for most residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios greater than 80%.

Loan Origination Fees and Costs. In addition to interest earned on loans, we generally receive fees in connection with loan originations. Such loan origination fees, net of costs to originate, are deferred and amortized using an interest method over the contractual life of the loan. Fees deferred are recognized into income immediately upon prepayment or subsequent sale of the related loan. At December 31, 2013, we had $297,000 of net deferred loan origination fees. Such fees vary with the volume and type of loans and commitments made and purchased, principal repayments, and competitive conditions in the mortgage markets, which in turn respond to the demand and availability of money. In addition to loan origination fees, we also generate other income through the sales and servicing of mortgage loans, late charges on loans, and fees and charges related to deposit accounts. We recognized fees and service charges of $857,000 and $760,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

To the extent that originated loans are sold with servicing retained, we capitalize a mortgage servicing asset at the time of the sale in accordance with applicable accounting standards (FASB ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing”). The capitalized amount is amortized thereafter (over the period of estimated net servicing income) as a reduction of servicing fee income. The unamortized amount is fully charged to income when loans are prepaid. Originated mortgage servicing rights with an amortized cost of $860,000 were included on our balance sheet at December 31, 2013. During 2013, we reversed the $20,000 valuation reserve that was established in 2012 on the value of our rights to service 20 year fixed-rate loans which we have sold to Freddie Mac.

Origination, Purchase and Sale of Loans. The table below shows our loan originations, purchases, sales, and repayments of loans for the periods indicated.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2013			2012			2011
	(dollars in thousands)

Loans receivable at beginning of period	$	140,982		$	142,675		$	160,220

Originations:
Real estate:
Residential 1-4 family		28,776			52,387			38,150
Commercial and Multi-family		33,260			18,182			12,941
Consumer		1,639			2,040			2,113
Total originations		63,675			72,609			53,204

Loan purchases:
Commercial		2,844			6,538			1,000
Total loan purchases		2,844			6,538			1,000

Loan sales		(17,776	)		(36,529	)		(28,353	)
Transfer of loans to foreclosed assets		(1,486	)		(1,823	)		(3,459	)
Repayments		(50,155	)		(42,488	)		(39,937	)

Total loans receivable at end of period	$	138,084		$	140,982		$	142,675

Delinquent Loans, Other Real Estate Owned and Classified Assets

Collection Procedures. Our general collection procedures provide that when a commercial loan becomes 10 days past due and when a mortgage or consumer loan become 15 days past due, a computer-generated late charge notice is sent to the borrower requesting payment. If delinquency continues, a second delinquent notice is mailed when the loan continues past due for 30 days. If a loan becomes 60 days past due, the loan becomes subject to possible legal action. We will generally send a “due and payable” letter upon a loan becoming 60 days delinquent. This letter grants the borrower 30 days to bring the account paid to date prior to the start of any legal action. If not paid, foreclosure proceedings are initiated after this 30-day period. To the extent required by regulations of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”), generally within 30 days of delinquency, a Section 160 HUD notice is given to the borrower which provides access to consumer counseling services. General collection procedures may vary with particular circumstances on a loan by loan basis. Also, collection procedures for Freddie Mac serviced loans follow the Freddie Mac guidelines which are different from our general procedures.

Loans Past Due and Non-Performing Assets. Loans are reviewed on a regular basis and are placed on non-accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the collection of additional interest is doubtful or when extraordinary efforts are required to collect the debt. Interest accrued and unpaid at the time a loan is placed on non-accrual status is charged against interest income.

Real estate acquired by us as a result of foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure is deemed real estate owned (“REO”) until such time as it is sold. In general, we consider collateral for a loan to be “in-substance” foreclosed if: (i) the borrower has little or no equity in the collateral; (ii) proceeds for repayment of the loan can be expected to come only from the operation or sale of the collateral; and (iii) the borrower has either formally or effectively abandoned control of the collateral, or retained control of the collateral but is unlikely to be able to rebuild equity in the collateral or otherwise repay the loan in the foreseeable future. Cash flow attributable to in-substance foreclosures is used to reduce the carrying value of the collateral.

When collateral, other than real estate, securing commercial and consumer loans is acquired as a result of delinquency or other reasons, it is classified as Other Repossessed Assets (“ORA”) and recorded at the lower of cost or fair market value until it is disposed of.

When collateral is acquired or otherwise deemed REO/ORA, it is recorded at the lower of the unpaid principal balance of the related loan or its estimated net realizable value. This write down is recorded against the allowance for loan losses. Periodic future valuations are performed by management, and any subsequent decline in fair value is charged to operations. At December 31, 2013, we held $757,000 in properties that were classified REO and $1.0 million in assets classified as ORA.

Delinquent Loans. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our loan portfolio delinquencies at the dates indicated.


	At December 31,
	2013			2012			2011			2010			2009

	(dollars in thousands)

Non-Accrual Loans:
Residential Mortgage	$	651		$	1,810		$	2,420		$	3,114		$	2,944
Commercial Mortgage		13			821			356			1,148			2,204
Purchased Mortgage Out-of-State		1,441			2,030			—			—			—
Construction		—			—			—			—			1,433
Purchased Construction Out-of-State		173			173			173			1,772			2,113
Commercial		—			—			—			—			96
Consumer and other		7			29			152			206			157

Total non-accrual loans	$	2,285		$	4,863		$	3,101		$	6,240		$	8,947

Accrual loans delinquent 90 days or more:
Residential Mortgage		24			61			238			282			89
Commercial Mortgage		—			—			—			82			2,696
Construction		—			—			—			—			—
Purchased Construction Out-of-State		—			—			—			—			—
Commercial		—			—			—			—			—
Consumer and other		2			6			—			2			54
Total accrual loans delinquent 90 days or more	$	26		$	67		$	238		$	366		$	2,839

Total nonperforming loans (1)	$	2,311		$	4,930		$	3,339		$	6,606		$	11,786

Real Estate Owned and Other Repossessed Assets:
Residential Mortgage		285			957			1,086			494			584
Commercial Mortgage		472			309			1,015			2,304			2,985
Construction		—			—			—			—			—
Commercial		—			—			—			—			—
Consumer and other		1,023			1,121			1,307			20			11

Total real estate owned and other repossessed assets (2)	$	1,780		$	2,387		$	3,408		$	2,818		$	3,580
Total nonperforming assets	$	4,091		$	7,317		$	6,747		$	9,424		$	15,366

Total nonperforming loans to total loans receivable		1.67	%		3.50	%		2.37	%		4.12	%		6.73	%
Total nonperforming assets to total assets		1.95	%		3.42	%		3.11	%		4.37	%		6.58	%


(1	)	All of our loans delinquent 90 days or more are classified as nonperforming.
(2	)	Represents the net book value of property acquired by us through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure. Upon acquisition, this property is recorded at the lower of its fair market value or the principal balance of the related loan.

Nonperforming Assets. The following table sets forth the amounts and categories of our non-performing assets at the dates indicated.


	Loan Delinquent For
	60-89 Days				90 Days and Over				Total
	Number		Amount		Number		Amount		Number		Amount
	(dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2013
Residential Mortgages		9	$	393		5	$	353		14	$	746
Commercial Mortgages		2		521		—		—		2		521
Purchased Out-of-State Commercial Mortgages		—		—		1		1,441		1		1,441
Construction		—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchased Out-of-State Construction		—		—		1		173		1		173
Commercial		1		20		—		—		1		20
Consumer		3		59		1		2		4		61
Total		15	$	993		8	$	1,969		23		2,962

At December 31, 2012
Residential Mortgages		11	$	796		10	$	1,198		21	$	1,994
Commercial Mortgages		1		540		3		282		4		822
Construction		—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchased Out-of-State Construction		—		—		1		173		1		173
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer		1		5		3		19		4		24
Total		13	$	1,341		17	$	1,672		30		3,013

At December 31, 2011
Residential Mortgages		16	$	1,501		23	$	1,969		39	$	3,470
Commercial Mortgages		3		339		1		245		4		584
Construction		—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchased Out-of-State Construction		—		—		1		173		1		173
Commercial		1		29		—		—		1		29
Consumer		6		59		5		128		11		187
Total		26	$	1,928		30	$	2,515		56		4,443

At December 31, 2010
Residential Mortgages		23	$	2,056		34	$	2,434		57	$	4,490
Commercial Mortgages		3		488		8		784		11		1,272
Construction		—		—		2		1,772		2		1,772
Commercial		1		6		—		—		1		6
Consumer		10		122		9		207		19		329
Total		37	$	2,672		53	$	5,197		90		7,869

At December 31, 2009
Residential Mortgages		22	$	1,819		23	$	1,719		45	$	3,538
Commercial Mortgages		7		1,125		12		3,705		19		4,830
Construction		2		1,255		1		290		3		1,545
Commercial		3		402		1		80		4		482
Consumer		14		226		14		135		28		361
Total		48	$	4,827		51	$	5,929		99		10,756

Interest income that would have been recorded for the year ended December 31, 2013, had non-accruing loans been current according to their original terms amounted to $1.1 million. Interest of $203,000 was recognized on these impaired loans prior to placing them on non-accrual status, and is included in net income for the year ended December 31, 2013.

The following table displays the unpaid principal balance and number of loans classified as troubled debt restructurings as of the dates indicated:


	Troubled Debt Restructurings
	as of Decmeber 31, 2013				as of Decmeber 31, 2012				as of Decmeber 31, 2011
	(dollars in thousands)

	Number of Contracts		Unpaid Principal Balance		Number of Contracts		Unpaid Principal Balance		Number of Contracts		Unpaid Principal Balance

Commercial - Construction		1	$	173		1	$	173		—	$	—
Commercial Real Estate - Other		6	$	3,725		6	$	3,872		3	$	1,398
Residential		2	$	267		—	$	—		—	$	—

Total		9	$	4,165		7	$	4,045		3	$	1,398

Classification of Assets. Our policies, consistent with regulatory guidelines, provide for the classification of loans and other assets such as debt and equity securities and real estate held for sale considered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) to be of lesser quality as “substandard,” “doubtful,” or “loss” assets. An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the savings institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss reserve is not warranted. Assets that do not expose the savings institution to risk sufficient to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but which possess some weaknesses, are required to be designated “special mention” by management. Loans designated as special mention are generally loans that, while current in required payments, have exhibited some potential weaknesses that, if not corrected, could increase the level of risk in the future.

The allowance for loan losses represents amounts that have been established to recognize losses inherent in the loan portfolio that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the date of the financial statements. When we classify problem assets as loss, we charge-off such amount. Our determination as to the classification of our assets and the amount of our loss allowances are subject to review by our regulatory agencies, which can order the establishment of additional loss allowances. Management regularly reviews our asset portfolio to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. On the basis of management’s review of our assets at December 31, 2013, classified assets consisted of substandard assets of $5.7 million. There were no assets classified as doubtful or loss at December 31, 2013.

We classify our assets pursuant to criteria similar to the classification structure provided in the OCC regulations. The following table sets forth the aggregate amount of our internally classified assets at the dates indicated.


	At December 31,
	2013		2012		2011		2010		2009
	(dollars in thousands)

Substandard assets	$	5,662	$	13,008	$	16,435	$	15,974	$	18,141
Doubtful assets		—		—		—		—		—
Loss assets		—		—		—		—		—
Total classified assets	$	5,662	$	13,008	$	16,435	$	15,974	$	18,141

Allowance for Loan Losses. We provide for loan losses based on the allowance method. Accordingly, all loan losses are charged to the related allowance and all recoveries are credited to it. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are provided by charges to income based on various factors which, in management’s judgment, deserve current recognition in estimating probable losses. Management regularly reviews the loan portfolio and makes provisions for loan losses in order to maintain the allowance for loan losses in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The allowance for loan losses consists of amounts specifically allocated to non-performing loans and other criticized or classified loans (if any) as well as general allowances determined for each major loan category. Commercial loans and loans secured by commercial real estate are evaluated individually for impairment. Other smaller-balance, homogeneous loan types, including loans secured by one- to four-family residential real estate and consumer installment loans, are evaluated for impairment on a collective basis. After we establish a provision for loans that are known to be non-performing, criticized or classified, we calculate percentage loss factors to apply to the remaining categories within the loan portfolio to estimate probable losses inherent in these categories of the portfolio. When the loan portfolio increases, therefore, the percentage calculation results in a higher dollar amount of estimated probable losses than would be the case without the increase, and when the loan portfolio decreases, the percentage calculation results in a lower dollar amount of estimated probable losses than would be the case without the decrease. These percentage loss factors are determined by management based on our historical loss experience and credit concentrations for the applicable loan category, which may be adjusted to reflect our evaluation of levels of, and trends in, delinquent and non-accrual loans, trends in volume and terms of loans, and local economic trends and conditions.

We consider commercial and commercial real estate loans and construction loans to be riskier than the one- to four-family residential mortgage loans that we originate. Commercial and commercial real estate loans have greater credit risks compared to one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, as they typically involve large loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. In addition, the payment experience on loans secured by income-producing properties typically depends on the successful operation of the related real estate project and thus may be subject to a greater extent to adverse conditions in the real estate market and in the general economy. Construction loans have greater credit risk than permanent mortgage financing because of the inherent difficulty in estimating both a property’s value at completion of the project and the estimated cost of the project. If the estimate of construction costs is inaccurate, we may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to permit completion of the project. If the estimate of value upon completion is inaccurate, the value of the property may be insufficient to assure full repayment. Projects also may be jeopardized by disagreements between borrowers and builders and by the failure of builders to pay subcontractors. Loans to builders to construct homes for which no purchaser has been identified carry more risk because the repayment of the loan depends on the builder’s ability to sell the property prior to the time that the construction loan is due. The increased risk characteristics associated with commercial real estate and land loans and construction loans are considered by management in the evaluation of the allowance for loan losses and generally result in a larger loss factor applied to these segments of the loan portfolio in developing an estimate of the required allowance for loan losses. We intend to increase our originations of commercial and commercial real estate loans, and we intend to retain these loans in our portfolio. Because these loans entail significant additional credit risks compared to one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, an increase in our origination (and retention in our portfolio) of these types of loans would, in the absence of other offsetting factors, require us to make additional provisions for loan losses.

The carrying value of loans is periodically evaluated and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. While management uses the best information available to make evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if conditions differ substantially from the information used in making the evaluations. In addition, as an integral part of their examination process, our regulatory agencies periodically review the allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require us to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examination.

Analysis of the Allowance for Loan Losses. The following table sets forth the activity on our allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated.


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2013			2012			2011			2010			2009
	(dollars in thousands)

Allowance at beginning of period	$	1,750		$	1,518		$	2,831		$	3,660		$	5,647

(Charge-offs):
Real Estate:
Residential Mortgages		(464	)		(840	)		(1,119	)		(258	)		(362	)
Nonresidential Real Estate:
Commercial Mortgages		(85	)		(265	)		(334	)		(198	)		(4,903	)
Purchased In-State		—			—			—			—			(2,482	)
Purchased Out-of-State		(589	)		—			(93	)		(314	)		—
Construction		—			—			—			(751	)		—
Purchased In-State		—			—			—			—			—
Purchased Out-of-State		—			—			—			(262	)		—
Non Real Estate Loans:
Commercial		—			—			(6	)		—			(246	)
Consumer and other		(53	)		(131	)		(192	)		(319	)		(254	)
Total charge offs		(1,191	)		(1,236	)		(1,744	)		(2,102	)		(8,247	)

Recoveries:
Real Estate:
Residential Mortgages		120			65			25			2			—
Nonresidential Real Estate:
Commercial Mortgages		114			10			79			85			—
Construction		—			—			—			60			—
Non Real Estate Loans:
Commercial		—			—			1			—
Consumer and other		42			26			42			25			64
Total recoveries		276			101			147			172			64

Net (charge offs) recoveries		(915	)		(1,135	)		(1,597	)		(1,930	)		(8,183	)
Provision for loan losses		637			1,367			284			1,101			6,196

Balance at end of year	$	1,472		$	1,750		$	1,518		$	2,831		$	3,660

Ratios:
Net Charge-offs to average loans outstanding (annualized)		0.64	%		0.79	%		1.02	%		1.14	%		4.58	%

Allowance for loan loss to non-performing loans at end of period		63.70	%		35.50	%		45.46	%		87.70	%		31.05	%

Allowance for loan losses to total loans at end of period		1.07	%		1.24	%		1.06	%		1.98	%		2.09	%

Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses. The following table sets forth the allowance for loan losses allocated by loan category, the total loan balances by category, and the percent of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated. The allowance for loan losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.


						At December 31
	2013					2012					2011
	Allowance for Loan Losses		Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans			Allowance for Loan Losses		Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans			Allowance for Loan Losses		Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential Mortgages:
1 - 4 family residential	$	773		44.0	%	$	894		45.3	%	$	858		45.0	%
Purchased Mortgages In-State		11		1.2	%		12		1.3	%		12		1.3	%
1 - 4 family construction		—		1.1	%		—		0.7	%		—		0.3	%
Home Equity & Junior Liens		62		6.3	%		99		7.4	%		146		9.4	%
Nonresidential Mortgages:
Nonresidential		319		29.8	%		453		29.1	%		320		30.9	%
Purchased Nonresidential In-State		—		5.0	%		50		3.2	%		16		1.5	%
Purchased Nonresidential Out-of-State		125		2.7	%		76		4.9	%		57		5.5	%
Construction		—		0.0	%		57		1.0	%		3		0.1	%
Purchased Construction In-State		—		0.0	%		—		0.4	%		—		0.0	%
Purchased Construction Out-of-State		48		0.1	%		7		0.1	%		7		0.1	%
Non Real Estate Loans:
Commercial		63		8.8	%		66		5.5	%		50		4.6	%
Purchased Commercial In-State		—		0.2	%		3		0.2	%		3		0.3	%
Consumer		21		0.8	%		33		0.9	%		46		1.0	%
Unallocated		50		0.0	%		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%
Total	$	1,472		100.0	%	$	1,750		100.0	%	$	1,518		100.0	%

	At December 31

	2010					2009
	Allowance for Loan Losses		Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans			Allowance for Loan Losses		Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential Mortgages:
One to four family residental	$	519		42.7	%	$	634		44.4	%
Purchased Mortgages In-State		17		2.0	%		12		1.9	%
1 - 4 family construction		—		0.1	%		3		0.2	%
Home Equity & Junior Liens		228		10.3	%		214		10.7	%
Nonresidential Mortgages:
Nonresidential		967		27.3	%		1,055		24.9	%
Purchased Nonresidential In-State		94		2.6	%		140		2.2	%
Purchased Nonresidential Out-of-State		220		6.2	%		175		4.8	%
Construction		245		0.9	%		647		1.6	%
Purchased Construction In-State		—		0.0	%		—		0.0	%
Purchased Construction Out-of-State		290		1.1	%		350		2.2	%
Non Real Estate Loans:
Commercial		192		4.6	%		316		4.0	%
Purchased Commercial In-State		—		0.9	%		73		1.6	%
Consumer		59		1.3	%		41		1.5	%
Total	$	2,831		100.0	%	$	3,660		100.0	%

Mortgage Banking Activities

Our mortgage banking activities involve the origination and subsequent sale of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. When loans are sold, we generally retain the rights to service those loans thereby maintaining our customer relationships. We intend to use these customer relationships to cross-sell additional products and services. Loans that we sell are originated using the same personnel and the same underwriting policies as loans that we maintain in our portfolio. The decision whether to sell a loan is dependent upon the type of loan product and the term of the loan. In recent years, we have sold most of our fixed-rate one- to four-family residential loans with maturities of 15 years or greater, and have retained servicing on most of these loans.

Mortgage servicing involves the administration and collection of home loan payments. When we acquire mortgage servicing rights through the origination of mortgage loans and the subsequent sale of those loans with servicing rights retained, we allocate a portion of the total cost of the mortgage loans to the mortgage servicing rights based on their relative fair value. As of December 31, 2013, we were servicing loans sold to third parties totaling $131.7 million, and the mortgage servicing rights associated with such loans had a book value, net of valuation reserve, at such date of $860,000. Generally, the value of mortgage servicing rights increases as interest rates rise and decreases as interest rates fall, because the estimated life and estimated income from the underlying loans increase with rising interest rates and decrease with falling interest rates.

Insurance Brokerage Activities

In March 2003, we acquired InsuranCenter of Alpena (“ICA”), a licensed insurance agency, to increase and diversify our sources of non-interest income. In April 2008, ICA sold to a non-related third party the rights to service certain health insurance contracts and collect commissions on the contracts written through the local Chambers of Commerce. This sale resulted in a nominal gain to us, but reduced health insurance revenues. The sale also reduced non-interest expenses and amortization of intangibles.

On February 27, 2009, we sold the majority of the assets of ICA. We retained the residual income stream associated with the April 2008 sale of its wholesale Blue Cross/Blue Shield override business to the third party. We continue to collect the residual revenue stream associated with this sale through FFNM Agency, the successor company to ICA.

See “-Subsidiary Activity” for a further discussion of ICA and FFNM Agency.

Investment Activities

Our investment securities portfolio is comprised of U.S. Government, state agency and municipal obligations, and mortgage-backed securities, of which $50.4 million, or 95.7%, was classified as available-for-sale, and $2.3 million, or 4.3%, of the total portfolio was classified as held-to-maturity. At December 31, 2013, we had no investments in unrated securities. At December 31, 2013, $16.0 million, or 30.2% of our investment portfolio was scheduled to mature in less than five years, and $36.9 million, or 69.8%, was scheduled to mature in over five years. At December 31, 2013, $4.9 million, or 9.2% of our investment portfolio was scheduled to mature in less than one year.

At December 31, 2013, we held U.S. Government and state agency obligations and municipal obligations classified as available-for-sale, with a fair market value of $23.1 million. While these securities generally provide lower yields than other investments such as mortgage-backed securities, our current investment strategy is to maintain investments in such instruments to the extent appropriate for liquidity purposes, as collateral for borrowings, and for prepayment protection.

We invest in mortgage-backed securities in order to: generate positive interest rate spreads with minimal administrative expense; lower credit risk as a result of the guarantees provided by Ginnie Mae and, to a lesser extent, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; supplement local loan originations; reduce interest rate risk exposure; and increase liquidity. Our mortgage-backed securities portfolio consists of pass-through certificates. At December 31, 2013, the fair market value of mortgage-backed securities totaled $28.6 million, or 54.4% of total investments. All of our pass-through certificates are insured or guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae or Fannie Mae. Our policy is to hold mortgage-backed securities as available-for-sale.

We have interests in pools of single-family mortgages in which the principal and interest payments are from the mortgage originators, through intermediaries (generally government-sponsored agencies) that pool and repackage loans and sell the participation interest in the form of securities, to investors. These government-sponsored agencies include Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, or Fannie Mae. The underlying pool of mortgages can be comprised of either fixed-rate mortgage loans or adjustable-rate mortgage loans. The interest rate risk characteristics of the underlying pool of mortgages, i.e., fixed-rate or adjustable rate, are shared by the investors in that pool.

Our investment policy also permits investment in corporate debt obligations. Although corporate bonds may offer higher yields than U.S. Treasury or agency securities of comparable duration, corporate bonds also have a higher risk of default due to possible adverse changes in the creditworthiness of the issuer.

We are required under federal regulations to maintain a minimum amount of liquid assets that may be invested in specified short term securities and certain other investments. We generally have maintained a portfolio of liquid assets that exceeds regulatory requirements. Liquidity levels may be increased or decreased depending upon the yields on investment alternatives and upon management’s judgment as to the attractiveness of the yields then available in relation to other opportunities and its expectation of the level of yield that will be available in the future, as well as management’s projections as to the short term demand for funds to be used in our loan origination and other activities.

ASC 320-10 requires that, at the time of purchase, we designate a security as held to maturity, available for sale, or trading, depending on our ability and intent. Securities available for sale are reported at fair value. As of December 31, 2013, all of our investment securities were designated as available for sale except for $2.3 million in municipal bond investments designated as held to maturity.

At December 31, 2013 we had no investment in a single company or entity (other than an agency of the U.S. Government or U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise) that had an aggregate book value in excess of 10% of our equity.

Investment Securities Portfolio. The following table sets forth the composition of our investment securities portfolio at the dates indicated.


	At December 31,
	2013				2012				2011
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Debt Securities:
U.S. Government and agency obligations	$	7,111	$	7,042	$	9,181	$	9,247	$	14,756	$	14,863

Municipal obligations		15,949		16,009		12,758		13,328		9,362		9,941

Corporate bonds and other obligations		1,085		1,097		1,135		1,150		—		—

Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through securities:
Fannie Mae		11,052		10,941		6,486		6,587		4,984		4,990
Freddie Mac		2,989		2,940		4,045		4,110		3,981		3,974
Ginnie Mae		14,667		14,722		18,370		18,911		21,385		21,945

Total debt securities		52,853		52,751		51,975		53,333		54,468		55,713

Marketable equity securities
Common stock		3		7		3		1		3		1

Total equity securities		3		7		3		1		3		1

Total investment securities	$	52,856	$	52,758	$	51,978	$	53,334	$	54,471	$	55,714

Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The composition and maturities of the investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2013 are summarized in the following table. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the impact of prepayments or early redemptions that may occur. State and municipal securities yields have not been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis.


	At December 31, 2013
	One Year or Less					More than One Year Through Five years					More than Five Years Through Ten Years					More than Ten Years					Total Securities
	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield
	(dollars in thousands)
Debt Securities:
U.S. Government and agency securities	$	2,009		3.13	%	$	4,103		2.03	%	$	999		2.19	%	$	—		0.00	%	$	7,111	$	7,042		2.36	%
State agency and municipal obligations		2,871		4.68	%		5,782		2.54	%		5,761		2.17	%		1,535		4.32	%		15,949		16,009		2.96	%

Corporate bonds and other obligations		—		0.00	%		1,085		6.90	%		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		1,085		1,097		6.90	%

Mortgage-backed securities
Fannie Mae		—		0.00	%		83		4.50	%		10,969		2.49	%		—		0.00	%		11,052		10,941		2.50	%
Freddie Mac		—		0.00	%		4		1.63	%		2,234		2.73	%		751		0.00	%		2,989		2,940		2.80	%
Ginnie Mae		—		0.00	%		44		3.39	%		—		0.00	%		14,623		3.40	%		14,667		14,722		3.40	%

Total debt securities		4,880					11,102					19,963					16,909					52,853		52,751

Marketable equity securities:
Common Stock		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		3		0.00	%		3		7		0.00	%

Total investment securities	$	4,880				$	11,102				$	19,963				$	16,912				$	52,856	$	52,758


	At December 31, 2012
	One Year or Less					More than One Year Through Five years					More than Five Years Through Ten Years					More than Ten Years					Total Securities
	Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Weighted Average Yield			Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield
	(dollars in thousands)
Debt Securities:
U.S. Government and agency securities	$	—		0.00	%	$	8,182		2.01	%	$	999		2.19	%	$	—		0.00	%	$	9,181	$	9,247		2.03	%
State agency and municipal obligations		1,947		2.36	%		5,119		3.13	%		4,266		3.09	%		1,426		4.78	%		12,758		13,328		3.18	%

Corporate bonds and other obligations		—		0.00	%		1,135		6.90	%		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		1,135		1,150		6.90	%

Mortgage-backed securities
Fannie Mae		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		6,486		2.91	%		—		0.00	%		6,486		6,587		2.91	%
Freddie Mac		39		4.00	%		6		1.63	%		2,975		2.75	%		1,024		0.00	%		4,045		4,110		2.82	%
Ginnie Mae		—		0.00	%		48		3.41	%		17		3.35	%		18,305		3.85	%		18,370		18,911		3.84	%

Total debt securities		1,986					14,491					14,743					20,755					51,975		53,333

Marketable equity securities:
Common Stock		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		3		0.00	%		3		1		0.00	%

Total investment securities	$	1,986				$	14,491				$	14,743				$	20,758				$	51,978	$	53,334

Sources of Funds

General. Deposits are the major source of our funds for lending and other investment purposes. We generate deposits from our eight full-service offices in Alpena, Mio, Cheboygan, Oscoda, Lewiston, Alanson and Gaylord. In addition to deposits, we derive funds from borrowings, proceeds from the settlement of loan sales, the amortization and prepayment of loans and mortgage-backed securities, the maturity of investment securities, and operations. Scheduled loan principal repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, while deposit inflows and outflows and loan prepayments are influenced significantly by general interest rates and market conditions. Borrowings are used on a short-term basis to compensate for reductions in the availability of funds from other sources or on a longer term basis for general business purposes. We currently are managing liquidity levels and loan funding primarily through secondary mortgage market sales and Federal Home Loan Bank advances.

Deposits. We generate deposits primarily from our market area by offering a broad selection of deposit instruments including NOW accounts, regular savings, money market deposits, term certificate accounts and individual retirement accounts. Deposit account terms vary according to the minimum balance required, the period of time during which the funds must remain on deposit, and the interest rate, among other factors. The rate of interest which we must pay is not established by regulatory authority. The asset/liability committee regularly evaluates our internal cost of funds, surveys rates offered by competing institutions, reviews the cash flow requirements for lending and liquidity, and executes rate changes when deemed appropriate. We have sought to decrease the risk associated with changes in interest rates by offering competitive rates on some deposit accounts and by pricing certificates of deposit to provide customers with incentives to choose certificates of deposit with longer maturities. We also attract non-interest bearing commercial deposit accounts from our commercial borrowers and offer a competitive non-deposit sweep product that is not insured by the FDIC. In recent periods, we generally have not obtained funds through brokers or through a solicitation of funds outside our market area. At December 31, 2013 we had $3.8 million in brokered deposits from CDAR’s and ICS sweep program. We offer a limited amount of certificates of deposit in excess of $100,000 which may have negotiated rates. Future liquidity needs are expected to be satisfied through the both the use of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings, as necessary, and through growth in deposits. Management does not generally plan on paying above-market rates on deposit products, although from time-to-time we may do so as liquidity needs dictate.

The following table sets forth the distribution of total deposit accounts, by account type, at the dates indicated.


	At December 31,
	2013								2012								2011
	Amount		Percent of Total			Weighted Average Interest Rate			Amount		Percent of Total			Weighted Average Interest Rate			Amount		Percent of Total			Weighted Average Interest Rate
	(dollars in thousands)

Non-interest-bearing	$	21,047		13.15	%		NA		$	21,067		13.30	%		NA		$	12,609		8.36	%		NA
NOW accounts		22,794		14.24	%		0.13	%		19,531		12.33	%		0.21	%		18,602		12.35	%		0.21	%
Passbook		22,037		13.77	%		0.05	%		19,867		12.55	%		0.05	%		17,873		11.86	%		0.05	%
Money market accounts		27,428		17.14	%		0.15	%		24,687		15.59	%		0.22	%		23,193		15.40	%		0.22	%

Time deposits that mature:
Less than 12 months		32,952		20.59	%		0.60	%		39,161		24.73	%		0.85	%		38,503		25.56	%		1.08	%
Within 12-36 months		24,273		15.17	%		1.33	%		28,701		18.13	%		1.33	%		32,580		21.63	%		1.60	%
Beyond 36 months		9,498		5.94	%		1.67	%		5,336		3.37	%		2.10	%		7,290		4.84	%		2.21	%
Jumbo		—		0.00	%		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		0.00	%		—		0.00	%		0.00	%

Total deposits	$	160,029		100.00	%		0.68	%	$	158,350		100.00	%		0.68	%	$	150,650		100.00	%		0.87	%

Time Deposit Rates. The following table sets forth time deposits classified by rates as of the dates indicated (see Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements contained within Exhibit 13 for a more detailed breakdown by rate range):


	At December 31,
Rate	2013		2012		2011
	(dollars in thousands)
0.50 percent to 0.99 percent	$	40,259	$	42,698	$	38,802
1.00 percent to 1.99 percent		17,715		15,962		18,343
2.00 percent to 2.99 percent		7,130		10,746		16,057
3.00 percent to 3.99 percent		1,486		3,398		4,078
4.00 percent to 4.99 percent		133		394		1,092
	$	66,723	$	73,198	$	78,372

Time Deposit Maturities. The following table sets forth the amount and maturities of time deposits at December 31, 2013.


Rate	Less Than One Year		1 - Less than 2 Years		2 - Less than 3 Years		3 - Less than 5 Years		5 years and Greater		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
0.50 percent to 0.99 percent	$	27,892	$	11,193	$	877	$	297	$	—	$	40,259
1.00 percent to 1.99 percent		3,324		953		6,408		3,315		3,715		17,715
2.00 percent to 2.99 percent		1,313		3,861		409		51		1,496		7,130
3.00 percent to 3.99 percent		422		494		—		12		558		1,486
4.00 percent to 4.99 percent		—		46		33		54		—		133
	$	32,951	$	16,547	$	7,727	$	3,729	$	5,769	$	66,723

As of December 31, 2013, the aggregate amount of outstanding certificates of deposit in amounts greater than or equal to $100,000 was $22.9 million. The following table sets forth the maturity of those certificates as of December 31, 2013.


Maturity Period	Certificates of Deposit in excess of $100,000
	(dollars in thousands)

Three months or less		$	3,164
Three through six months			4,100
Six through twelve months			3,144
Over twelve months			12,523

Total		$	22,931

Borrowings. Our borrowings consist primarily of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis. At December 31, 2013, we had access to additional Federal Home Loan Bank advances of up to $27.2 million, based upon pledged collateral. The following table sets forth information concerning balances and interest rates on our Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings at the dates and for the periods indicated.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2013		2012		2011
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at end of period	$	24,813	$	26,358	$	34,500
Average balance during period		24,065		31,260		31,217
Maximum outstanding at any month end		25,313		35,600		36,200
Weighted average interest rate at end of period		1.00%		1.46%		2.30%
Average interest rate during period		1.25%		1.88%		2.16%

Subsidiary Activity

First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp, Inc.’s only direct subsidiary is First Federal of Northern Michigan.

First Federal of Northern Michigan has two wholly owned subsidiaries and these have been consolidated in the financial statements and all inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

One subsidiary, Financial Services & Mortgage Corporation, leases, sells, develops and maintains real estate properties. For reporting purposes, Financial Services & Mortgage Corporation is included in our banking segment. As of December 31, 2013, First Federal of Northern Michigan’s investment in Financial Services & Mortgage Corporation was $92,000. The primary asset of the subsidiary was an investment in land and real estate but as of December 31, 2011 all real estate had been sold. See “Real Estate Development Activities.” Financial Services & Mortgage Corporation is not currently a party to any agreement that is material to First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp, Inc. on a consolidated basis.

First Federal of Northern Michigan’s second subsidiary, FFNM Agency, Inc., collects the residual income stream associated with the April 2008 sale of the Company’s wholesale health insurance override business to a third party. FFNM Agency is the successor company to the InsuranCenter of Alpena (“ICA”). On February 27, 2009, we sold the majority of the assets of ICA.

Personnel

As of December 31, 2013, First Federal of Northern Michigan had 71 full-time and 21 part-time employees. None of the Bank’s employees is represented by a collective bargaining group. The Bank believes its relationship with its employees to be good. First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp, Inc., FFNM Agency, Inc. and FSMC have no separate employees.

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

General

As a federal savings bank, First Federal of Northern Michigan is subject to examination and regulation by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and is also subject to examination by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Prior to July 21, 2011, the Office of Thrift Supervision was First Federal of Northern Michigan’s primary federal regulator. However, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which is discussed further below, eliminated the Office of Thrift Supervision and transferred the Office of Thrift Supervision’s functions relating to federal savings banks, including rulemaking authority, to the OCC, effective July 21, 2011. The federal system of regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which First Federal of Northern Michigan may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of depositors and the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund.

First Federal of Northern Michigan also is regulated to a lesser extent by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the “Federal Reserve Board”, which governs the reserves to be maintained against deposits and other matters. In addition, First Federal of Northern Michigan is a member of and owns stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis, which is one of the twelve regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank System. First Federal of Northern Michigan’s relationship with its depositors and borrowers also is regulated to a great extent by federal law and, to a lesser extent, state law, including in matters concerning the ownership of deposit accounts and the form and content of First Federal of Northern Michigan’s loan documents.

As a savings and loan holding company, First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp is subject to examination and supervision by, and is required to file certain reports with, the Federal Reserve Board. The Office of Thrift Supervision’s functions relating to savings and loan holding companies were transferred to the Federal Reserve Board on July 21, 2011 pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act regulatory restructuring. First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp is also subject to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the federal securities laws.

Set forth below are certain material regulatory requirements that are applicable to First Federal of Northern Michigan and First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp. This description of statutes and regulations is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on First Federal of Northern Michigan and First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp. Any change in these laws or regulations, whether by Congress or the applicable regulatory agencies, could have a material adverse impact on First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp, First Federal of Northern Michigan and their operations.

Dodd-Frank Act

As noted above, the Dodd-Frank Act made significant changes to the regulatory structure for depository institutions and their holding companies. However, the Dodd-Frank Act’s changes go well beyond that and affect the lending, investments and other operations of all depository institutions. The Dodd-Frank Act required the Federal Reserve Board to set minimum capital levels for both bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies that are as stringent as those required for the insured depository subsidiaries, and the components of Tier 1 capital for holding companies were restricted to capital instruments that were then currently considered to be Tier 1 capital for insured depository institutions. Bank holding companies with assets of less than $500 million are exempt from these capital requirements. Proceeds of trust preferred securities are excluded from Tier 1 capital unless such securities were issued prior to May 19, 2010 by bank or savings and loan holding companies with less than $15 billion of assets. These capital requirements do not apply to savings and loan holding companies until five years after the July 21, 2010 enactment date of the Dodd-Frank Act. The legislation also established a floor for capital of insured depository institutions that cannot be lower than the standards in effect upon passage, and directed the federal banking regulators to implement new leverage and capital requirements that take into account off-balance sheet activities and other risks, including risks relating to securitized products and derivatives.

The Dodd-Frank Act created a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau with broad powers to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has broad rule-making authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all banks and savings institutions such as First Federal of Northern Michigan, including the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has examination and enforcement authority over all banks and savings institutions with more than $10 billion in assets. Banks and savings institutions with $10 billion or less in assets are still examined for compliance by their applicable bank regulators. The new legislation also weakened the federal preemption available for national banks and federal savings associations, and gave state attorneys general the ability to enforce applicable federal consumer protection laws.

The Dodd-Frank Act broadened the base for FDIC insurance assessments. Assessments are now based on the average consolidated total assets less tangible equity capital of a financial institution. The legislation also permanently increased the maximum amount of deposit insurance for banks, savings institutions and credit unions to $250,000 per depositor, retroactive to January 1, 2008, and noninterest bearing transaction accounts had unlimited deposit insurance through December 31, 2012. The Dodd-Frank Act increased stockholder influence over boards of directors by requiring companies to give stockholders a non-binding vote on executive compensation and so-called “golden parachute” payments. The legislation also directs the Federal Reserve Board to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to bank holding company executives, regardless of whether the company is publicly traded or not. Further, the legislation requires that originators of securitized loans retain a percentage of the risk for transferred loans, directs the Federal Reserve Board to regulate pricing of certain debit card interchange fees and contains a number of reforms related to mortgage origination.

Many provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act involve delayed effective dates and/or require implementing regulations. Their impact on operations cannot yet fully be assessed. However, there is a significant possibility that the Dodd-Frank Act will result in an increased regulatory burden and compliance, operating and interest expense for First Federal of Northern Michigan and First Federal of Northern Michigan Bancorp.

Federal Banking Regulation

Business Activities. A federal savings bank derives its lending and investment powers from the Home Owners’ Loan Act, and the regulations of the OCC. Under these laws and regulations, First Federal of Northern Michigan may invest in mortgage loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, commercial business and consumer loans, certain types of debt securities and certain other loans and assets. First Federal of Northern Michigan also may establish subsidiaries that may engage in activities not otherwise permissible for First Federal of Northern Michigan directly, including real estate investment, securities brokerage and insurance agency services.

Capital Requirements. OCC regulations require savings banks to meet three minimum capital standards: a 1.5% tangible capital ratio, a 4% leverage ratio (3% for institutions receiving the highest CAMELS rating) and an 8% risk-based capital ratio. The prompt corrective action standards discussed below, in effect, establish a minimum 2% tangible capital standard.

The risk-based capital standard for savings banks requires the maintenance of Tier 1 (core) and total capital (which is defined as core capital and supplementary capital) to risk-weighted assets of at least 4% and 8%, respectively. In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets, are multiplied by a risk-weight factor of 0% to 100%, assigned by the OCC capital regulation based on the risks inherent in the type of asset. Core capital is defined as common stockholders’ equity (including retained earnings), certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less intangibles other than certain mortgage servicing rights and credit card relationships. The components of supplementary capital currently include cumulative preferred stock, long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, subordinated debt and intermediate preferred stock, allowance for loan and lease losses up to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets, and up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. Overall, the amount of supplementary capital included as part of total capital cannot exceed 100% of core capital.

Additionally, a savings association that retains credit risk in connection with an asset sale may be required to maintain regulatory capital because of the recourse back to the savings association. In assessing an institution’s capital adequacy, the OCC takes into consideration not only thee numeric factors but also qualitative factors as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual associations where necessary.

In July, 2013, the OCC and the other federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule to revise their risk-based and leverage capital requirements and their method for calculating risk-weighted assets, to make them consistent with the agreements that were reached by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule applies to all depository institutions, top-tier bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of $500 million or more, and top-tier savings and loan holding companies (“banking organizations”). Among other things, the rule establishes a new common equity Tier 1 minimum capital requirement (4.5% of risk-weighted assets), increases the minimum Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets requirement (from 4% to 6% of risk-weighted assets) and assigns a higher risk weight (150%) to exposures that are more than 90 days past due or are on non-accrual status and to certain commercial real estate facilities that finance the acquisition, development or construction of real property. The final rule also limits a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets. The final rule becomes effective for us on January 1, 2015. The capital conservation buffer requirement will be phased in beginning January 1, 2016 and ending January 1, 2019, when the full capital conservation buffer requirement will be effective.

At December 31, 2013, First Federal of Northern Michigan’s capital exceeded all applicable requirements. The following table sets forth the Bank’s capital position at December 31, 2013 and 2012, as compared to the minimum capital requirements.


	At December 31,
	2013					2012

	Amount		Percent of Assets			Amount		Percent of Assets
	(dollars in thousands)
Equity capital	$	22,701		10.9	%	$	23,304		11.0	%

Tangible Capital Requirement:
Tangible capital level		22,563		10.8	%		22,015		10.3	%
Requirement		3,137		1.5	%		3,197		1.5	%
Excess		19,426		9.3	%		18,818		8.8	%

Core Capital Requirement:
Core capital level		22,563		10.8	%		22,015		10.3	%
Requirement		8,366		4.0	%		8,526		4.0	%
Excess		14,197		6.8