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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 13D
Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Riviera Holdings Corporation
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(Name of Issuer)
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
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(Title of Class of Securities)
769627 10 0
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(CUSIP Number)
D. E. Shaw Laminar Portfolios, L.L.C.
Attn: Compliance Department
120 West Forty-Fifth Street
Floor 39, Tower 45
New York, NY 10036
212-478-0000
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(Name, Address and Telephone Number of Person
Authorized to Receive Notices and Communications)
Copies to:
Christopher Boies, Esq.
Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP
333 Main Street
Armonk, NY 10504
914-749-8200
April 10, 2006
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(Date of Event which Requires Filing of this Statement)
If the filing person has previously filed a statement on Schedule 13G to report
the acquisition that is the subject of this Schedule 13D, and is filing this
schedule because of Sections 240.13d-1(e), 240.13d-1(f) or 240.13d-1(g), check
the following box: [X]
NOTE: Schedules filed in paper format shall include a signed original and five
copies of the schedule, including all exhibits. See Rule 240.13d-7 for other
parties to whom copies are to be sent.
* The remainder of this cover page shall be filled out for a reporting person's
initial filing on this form with respect to the subject class of securities, and
for any subsequent amendment containing information which would alter
disclosures provided in a prior cover page.
The information required on the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed
to be "filed" for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 ("Act") or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section of the Act
but shall be subject to all other provisions of the Act (however, see the
Notes).
SCHEDULE 13D
--------------------- ------------------
CUSIP NO. 769627 10 0
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1 NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON
D. E. Shaw Laminar Portfolios, L.L.C.
FEIN 01-0577802
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2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (a) [ ]
(b) [X]
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3 SEC USE ONLY
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4 SOURCE OF FUNDS
WC
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5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS
2(d) or 2(e) [ ]
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6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
Delaware
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7 SOLE VOTING POWER
-0-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER
SHARES
BENEFICIALLY 1,194,500
OWNED BY -----------------------------------------------------------------
EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
REPORTING
PERSON WITH -0-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
1,194,500
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11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
1,194,500
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN
SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [ ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
9.59%
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14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
OO
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--------------------- ------------------
CUSIP NO. 769627 10 0
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1 NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON
D. E. Shaw & Co., L.P.
FEIN 13-3695715
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (a) [ ]
(b) [X]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 SEC USE ONLY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 SOURCE OF FUNDS
AF
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS
2(d) or 2(e) [ ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
Delaware
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 SOLE VOTING POWER
-0-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER
SHARES
BENEFICIALLY 1,219,700
OWNED BY -----------------------------------------------------------------
EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
REPORTING
PERSON WITH -0-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
1,219,900
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
1,219,900
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN
SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [ ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
9.80%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
IA, PN
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--------------------- --------------------
CUSIP NO. 769627 10 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON
D. E. Shaw & Co., L.L.C.
FEIN 13-3799946
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (a) [ ]
(b) [X]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 SEC USE ONLY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 SOURCE OF FUNDS
AF
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS
2(d) or 2(e) [ ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
Delaware
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 SOLE VOTING POWER
-0-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER
SHARES
BENEFICIALLY 1,194,500
OWNED BY -----------------------------------------------------------------
EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
REPORTING
PERSON WITH -0-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
1,194,500
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
1,194,500
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN
SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [ ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
9.59%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
OO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------- ------------------
CUSIP NO. 769627 10 0
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1 NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON
D. E. Shaw Valence Portfolios, L.L.C.
FEIN 13-4046559
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2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (a) [ ]
(b) [X]
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3 SEC USE ONLY
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4 SOURCE OF FUNDS
WC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS
2(d) or 2(e) [ ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
Delaware
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 SOLE VOTING POWER
-0-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER
SHARES
BENEFICIALLY 25,200
OWNED BY -----------------------------------------------------------------
EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
REPORTING
PERSON WITH -0-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
25,200
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11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
25,200
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN
SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [ ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
0.20%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
OO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------- ------------------
CUSIP NO. 769627 10 0
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1 NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON
David E. Shaw
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2 CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (a) [ ]
(b) [x]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 SEC USE ONLY
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4 SOURCE OF FUNDS
AF
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5 CHECK IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEMS
2(d) or 2(e) [ ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
United States
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 SOLE VOTING POWER
-0-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NUMBER OF 8 SHARED VOTING POWER
SHARES
BENEFICIALLY 1,219,700
OWNED BY -----------------------------------------------------------------
EACH 9 SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
REPORTING
PERSON WITH -0-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
10 SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
1,219,900
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
1,219,900
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 CHECK IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN
SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS) [ ]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
9.80%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
IN
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\ITEM 1. SECURITY AND THE ISSUER
This statement on Schedule 13D relates to the common stock, par value
$0.001 per share ("Common Stock"), of Riviera Holdings Corporation, a Nevada
corporation (the "Issuer"), and is being filed pursuant to Rule 13d-1 under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). The principal
executive offices of the Issuer are located at 2901 Las Vegas Boulevard South,
Las Vegas, NV 89109.
ITEM 2. IDENTITY AND BACKGROUND
(a), (f) This statement is filed on behalf of D. E. Shaw Laminar
Portfolios, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company ("Laminar"), D. E. Shaw
& Co., L.P., a Delaware limited partnership ("DESCO LP"), D. E. Shaw & Co.,
L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company ("DESCO LLC"), D. E. Shaw Valence
Portfolios, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company ("Valence"), and David
E. Shaw, a citizen of the United States of America (David E. Shaw, together with
Laminar, DESCO LP, DESCO LLC and Valence, collectively, the "Reporting
Persons"). The Reporting Persons are filing jointly and the agreement among the
Reporting Persons to file jointly is attached hereto as Exhibit 3 and
incorporated herein by reference.
(b) The business address and principal office, as applicable, of all
Reporting Persons is 120 West Forty-Fifth Street, Floor 39, Tower 45, New York,
NY 10036.
(c) The principal business of Laminar is that of a limited liability
company focusing primarily on distressed-securities related investment
strategies. The principal business of Valence is that of a limited liability
company focusing primarily on equity- and equity-linked-securities related
investment strategies. Neither Laminar nor Valence has any executive officers or
directors. The principal business of DESCO LP is to act as an investment adviser
to certain funds, including, without limitation, Laminar and Valence. DESCO LP
is also the managing member of Valence and D. E. Shaw Investment Management,
L.L.C. ("DESIM LLC"). The principal business of DESCO LLC is to act as managing
member to certain funds, including, without limitation, Laminar. D. E. Shaw &
Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation ("DESCO Inc."), is the general partner of
DESCO LP. D. E. Shaw & Co. II, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("DESCO II, Inc."),
is the managing member of DESCO LLC. David E. Shaw is the president and sole
shareholder of DESCO Inc. and DESCO II, Inc.
(d), (e) During the last five years, neither any Reporting Person nor, to
the best knowledge of any Reporting Person, any person named in Item 2, has been
(i) convicted in a criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations or similar
misdemeanors) or (ii) a party to a civil proceeding of a judicial or
administrative body of competent jurisdiction and as a result of such proceeding
was or is subject to a judgment, decree or final order enjoining future
violations of, or prohibiting or mandating activities subject to, federal or
state securities laws or finding any violations with respect to such laws.
ITEM 3. SOURCE AND AMOUNT OF FUNDS OR OTHER CONSIDERATION
In acquiring 1,194,500 shares of Common Stock owned by Laminar prior to
April 10, 2006, Laminar expended approximately $18,568,417 (excluding
commissions) of its working capital. In acquiring 25,200 shares of Common Stock
owned by Valence prior to April 10, 2006, Valence expended approximately
$554,630 (excluding commissions) of its working capital.
On March 24, 2006, Laminar filed a Schedule 13G pursuant to Rule 13d-1
under the Exchange Act relating to 983,200 shares of Common Stock.
ITEM 4. PURPOSE OF TRANSACTION
Laminar and Valence each purchased the shares of Common Stock for the
purpose of investing in the Issuer. Laminar and Valence each will review their
investment in the shares of Common Stock from time to time and subject to
applicable law and regulation and depending upon certain factors, including,
without limitation, the financial performance of the Issuer, the availability
and price of shares of Common Stock or other securities related to the Issuer,
and other general market and investment conditions, either Laminar or Valence or
both Laminar and Valence may determine to:
- acquire through open market purchases or otherwise additional
shares of Common Stock; or
- sell shares of Common Stock through the open market or
otherwise.
Such transactions may take place at any time without prior notice. There can be
no assurance, however, that any Reporting Persons will take any such action.
As part of Laminar's and Valence's ongoing review of their respective
investment in Common Stock of the Issuer, Laminar or Valence or both Laminar and
Valence will from time to time hold talks or discussions with and respond to
inquiries from various parties, including, without limitation, the Issuer's
Board of Directors, management or representatives, other shareholders and other
persons or entities regarding the Issuer's affairs and strategic alternatives.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Laminar has sent to
William Westerman, Chairman of the Board, CEO and President of the Issuer, dated
April 7, 2006, on behalf of itself and certain of its affiliates, a letter (the
"Issuer Letter") concerning the proposed merger of the Issuer with the private
investment group Riv Acquisition Holdings Inc., owned by Flag Luxury Riv, LLC,
High Desert Gaming, LLC, and Rivacq LLC, pursuant to which Riv Acquisition
Holdings Inc. will purchase all of the shares of Common Stock of the Issuer for
$17.00 per share in cash (the "Acquisition Transaction"). Laminar believes that
the $17.00 per share of Common Stock offered by Riv Acquisition Holdings Inc. is
significantly below the price that could have been obtained by the Issuer.
Given purchase prices of recent sales of similar assets, Laminar believes
that the Board of Directors and management of the Issuer should consider and
pursue alternative transactions and alternative acquirors for a sale or merger
of the Issuer in order to maximize the value for all shareholders. Laminar
currently intends to continue to press this point with the Board of Directors
and management of the Issuer. Laminar intends to vote against the Acquisition
Transaction and may pursue any other available actions with respect to the
Acquisition Transaction under the currently proposed terms, including, without
limitation, seeking dissenters' rights for such shares under Nevada Corporation
Law.
The Reporting Persons have attached as Exhibit 4 to this Schedule 13D the
Issuer Letter.
Except as contemplated in this Item 4, no Reporting Person has any plans
or proposals of the types referred to in clauses (a) through (j) of Item 4 of
Schedule 13D.
ITEM 5. INTEREST IN SECURITIES OF THE ISSUER
(a), (b) Based upon the Issuer's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2005, there were 12,451,755 shares of Common Stock
outstanding as of March 1, 2006. Based on the foregoing, the 1,194,500 shares of
Common Stock beneficially owned by Laminar (the "Laminar Shares") represent
approximately 9.59% of the shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, the
25,200 shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by Valence (the "Valence
Shares") represent approximately 0.20% of the shares of Common Stock issued and
outstanding, and the 1,219,900 shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by
DESCO LP (the "Subject Shares") represent approximately 9.80% of the shares of
Common Stock issued and outstanding. The Subject Shares are comprised of (i)
1,194,500 shares of Common Stock in the name of Laminar, (ii) 25,200 shares of
Common Stock in the name of Valence and (iii) 200 shares of Common Stock under
the management of DESIM LLC (the "DESIM Shares").
Laminar will have the power to vote or to direct the vote of (and the
power to dispose or direct the disposition of) the Laminar Shares. Valence will
have the power to vote or to direct the vote of (and the power to dispose or
direct the disposition of) the Valence Shares. DESIM LLC will have the power
to dispose or direct the disposition of (but not the power to vote or to direct
the vote of) the DESIM Shares. Laminar disclaims beneficial ownership of the
shares beneficially owned by Valence and DESIM LLC; Valence disclaims beneficial
ownership of the shares beneficially owned by Laminar and DESIM LLC; and DESIM
LLC disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares beneficially owned by Laminar
and Valence.
DESCO LP as Laminar's investment adviser and DESCO LLC as Laminar's
managing member may be deemed to have the shared power to vote or direct the
vote of (and the shared power to dispose or direct the disposition of) the
Laminar Shares. DESCO LP as investment adviser and managing member of Valence
and managing member of DESIM LLC also may be deemed to have the shared power to
vote or direct
the vote of (and the shared power to dispose or direct the disposition of)
the Valence Shares and to have the shared power to dispose or direct the
disposition of the DESIM Shares. As managing member of DESCO LLC, DESCO II, Inc.
may be deemed to have the shared power to vote or to direct the vote of (and the
shared power to dispose or direct the disposition of) the Laminar Shares. As
general partner of DESCO LP, DESCO, Inc. may be deemed to have the shared power
to vote or to direct the vote of (and the shared power to dispose or direct the
disposition of) the Laminar Shares and the Valence Shares and the shared power
to dispose or direct the disposition of the DESIM Shares. None of DESCO LP,
DESCO LLC, DESCO, Inc., or DESCO II, Inc., owns any shares of Common Stock of
the Issuer directly and each such entity disclaims beneficial ownership of the
Subject Shares.
David E. Shaw does not own any shares of the Issuer directly. By virtue of
David E. Shaw's position as president and sole shareholder of DESCO, Inc., which
is the general partner of DESCO LP, and by virtue of David E. Shaw's position as
president and sole shareholder of DESCO II, Inc., which is the managing member
of DESCO LLC, David E. Shaw may be deemed to have the shared power to vote or
direct the vote of (and the shared power to dispose or direct the disposition
of) the Laminar Shares and the Valence Shares and the shared power to dispose or
direct the disposition of the DESIM Shares and, therefore, David E. Shaw may be
deemed to be the beneficial owner of the Subject Shares. David E. Shaw disclaims
beneficial ownership of the Subject Shares.
As of the date hereof, neither any Reporting Person, nor to the best
knowledge of any Reporting Person, any of the persons set forth in Item 2, owns
any shares of Common Stock other than the Subject Shares.
(c) The trading dates, number of shares of Common Stock purchased or sold
and the price per share for all transactions by the Reporting Persons in the
shares of Common Stock within the last 60 days, which were all brokered
transactions, are set forth below:
NAME DATE NO. OF SHARES PRICE PER SHARE
PURCHASED/(SOLD)
Laminar 02/24/06 33,100 $ 15.68
Laminar 02/27/06 130,300 $ 15.79
Laminar 02/28/06 (4,000) $ 15.89
Laminar 02/28/06 257,000 $ 15.80
Laminar 03/09/06 (7,100) $ 14.28
Laminar 03/14/06 30,000 $ 13.90
Laminar 03/15/06 55,200 $ 14.95
Laminar 03/16/06 2,100 $ 14.85
Laminar 03/17/06 7,600 $ 14.99
Laminar 03/20/06 12,900 $ 14.94
Laminar 03/20/06 270,000 $ 15.09
Laminar 03/22/06 1,200 $ 15.02
Laminar 03/22/06 7,500 $ 15.03
Laminar 03/23/06 50,000 $ 16.50
NAME DATE NO. OF SHARES PRICE PER SHARE
PURCHASED/(SOLD)
Laminar 03/31/06 228,000 $ 16.90
Laminar 03/31/06 (50,000) $ 16.95
Valence 03/13/06 (1,700) $ 14.17
Valence 03/13/06 (300) $ 14.16
Valence 03/13/06 (200) $ 14.18
Valence 03/14/06 (500) $ 13.81
Valence 03/14/06 (500) $ 14.10
Valence 03/14/06 (800) $ 13.91
Valence 03/14/06 (300) $ 13.85
Valence 03/14/06 (300) $ 13.90
Valence 03/14/06 (300) $ 13.93
Valence 03/14/06 (200) $ 14.10
Valence 03/14/06 (100) $ 13.87
Valence 03/15/06 (500) $ 14.94
Valence 03/15/06 (800) $ 15.06
Except as set forth above, within the last 60 days, no other transactions in
shares of Common Stock were effected by any Reporting Person, or to the best
knowledge of any Reporting Person, any of the persons set forth in Item 2.
(d) No person other than the Reporting Persons has the right to receive or
the power to direct the receipt of dividends from, or the proceeds from the sale
of, the Subject Shares.
Clause (e) of Item 5 of Schedule 13D is not applicable.
ITEM 6. CONTRACTS, ARRANGEMENTS, UNDERSTANDINGS OR RELATIONSHIPS WITH
RESPECT TO SECURITIES OF THE ISSUER
Except for the matters described herein, neither the Reporting Persons
nor, to the best knowledge of any Reporting Person, any of the persons listed in
Item 2 has any contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship with any
person with respect to any securities of the Issuer.
ITEM 7. MATERIAL TO BE FILED AS EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1 Power of Attorney, granted by David E. Shaw relating to D. E. Shaw &
Co., Inc., in favor of the signatories hereto, among others, dated
February 24, 2004.
Exhibit 2 Power of Attorney, granted by David E. Shaw relating to D. E. Shaw &
Co. II, Inc., in favor of the signatories hereto, among others,
dated February 24, 2004.
Exhibit 3 Joint Filing Agreement, by and among the Reporting Persons, dated
April 10, 2006.
Exhibit 4 Letter from Laminar on behalf of itself and certain of its
affiliates to William Westerman, Chairman of the Board, CEO and
President of the Issuer, dated April 7, 2006.
SIGNATURES
After reasonable inquiry and to the best of each of the undersigned's
knowledge and belief, each of the undersigned, severally and not jointly,
certifies that the information set forth in this statement is true, complete and
correct. Powers of Attorney, dated February 24, 2004, granted by David E. Shaw
in favor of Anne Dinning, Julius Gaudio, Lou Salkind, Stuart Steckler and Eric
Wepsic are attached hereto as Exhibit 1 and Exhibit 2 and incorporated herein by
reference.
Dated: April 10, 2006
D. E. SHAW LAMINAR PORTFOLIOS, L.L.C.
BY: D. E. SHAW & CO., L.L.C.,
as managing member
By: /s/ Eric Wepsic
-------------------------------------
Name: Eric Wepsic
Title: Managing Director
D. E. SHAW & CO., L.P.
By: /s/ Eric Wepsic
----------------------------------------
Name: Eric Wepsic
Title: Managing Director
D. E. SHAW & CO., L.L.C.
By: /s/ Eric Wepsic
----------------------------------------
Name: Eric Wepsic
Title: Managing Director
D. E. SHAW VALENCE PORTFOLIOS, L.L.C.
By: D. E. SHAW & CO., L.P.,
as managing member
By: /s/ Eric Wepsic
-------------------------------------
Name: Eric Wepsic
Title: Managing Director
DAVID E. SHAW
By: /s/ Eric Wepsic
----------------------------------------
Name: Eric Wepsic
Title: Attorney-in-Fact for David E.Shaw